内容正文:
第2节 运用4大妙招,巧妙判定非谓语动词
[对应学生用书P72]
非谓语动词看似是比较难以掌握的语法,但是只要抓住了三种非谓语动词的本质用法,很多问题便会迎刃而解。
[思维导图]——非谓语动词题3大思维方向
关键标志词法——瞄准4类词,快速判断非谓语形式
解题指导
典例感悟
1.只跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词和短语
喜欢考虑不避免
(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid)
不禁放弃太冒险
(cannot help,give up,risk)
感激承认很值得
(appreciate,admit,be worth)
介意想象莫推延
(mind,imagine,delay,put off)
允许完成是期望
(allow,permit,finish,look forward to)
建议继续勤操练
(suggest,go on,practise)
致力原谅要坚持
(be devoted to,excuse,insist on)
继续成功不错过
(keep on,succeed in,miss)
1.(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.
2.(2024·河北张家口模拟)The fundamentals of making cloisonne include ______ (shape) the object's body; bending and inlaying copper (铜) wires to present surface patterns; coloring these wires; heating and finally,polishing and gilding (镀金).
3.(2024·山东济宁模拟)Eager to explore more of Plymouth's charm,we set out for West Hoe Park the next day,which provided a spacious play area for children,equipped with plentiful delights.Our children were totally attracted and we had a hard time ______ (tear) them away.
4.We look forward to ________ (strengthen) still further our already close cooperation with the police.
2.只跟动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语
三个希望两答应
(hope,wish,expect,agree,promise)
两个要求莫拒绝
(demand,ask,refuse)
设法学会作决定
(manage,learn,decide/determine)
不要假装在选择(pretend,choose/select)
打算提出一计划(intend,offer,plan)
申请失败负担起(apply,fail,afford)
准备愿望又碰巧(prepare,desire,happen)
5.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
6.That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans ________ (continue) the practice.
7.(2024·山西临汾考前训练)Shortly after the silk and feather umbrellas became popular in China,their manufacturers managed ______(discover) a new kind of material from wood paper,enabling the creation of highly stylized,decorative and lightweight umbrellas.
3.介词后作宾语要用动名词,特别注意介词to后也要用动名词
(1)介词后跟动词ing形式作宾语;
(2)but/except后跟动词不定式作宾语,若前面有实义动词do时,动词不定式就要省略to。
8.(2024·河南邯郸三模)They will also assist the panda in ______ (overcome) a “language barrier” after Fu Bao returned to Chinalearning to understand Chinese,especially Sichuan dialect.
9.(2024·山西太原三模)The Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan,first constructed in 256 BC,took advantage of the local natural features without ______(damage) the environment.
4.只跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell,order,allow,permit,enable,persuade,force,warn,encourage,ask,invite,expect等。
10.(2024·山东枣庄调研)I want their stories ______ (interpret)in a poetic,sensory manner in a play of fixed images and images in movement,urban noise,natural sounds,voices and the combination of words and silence.
1.解析 recording 考查非谓语动词。此处为spend some time doing sth结构,故填recording。
2.解析 shaping 考查非谓语动词。句意:制作景泰蓝的基本原理包括塑造物体的身体,弯曲和镶嵌铜线来呈现表面图案,上色,加热,最后抛光镀金。此处动名词作include的宾语,并与后面的动名词(短语)等并列。故填shaping。
3.解析 tearing 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的孩子完全被吸引住了,我们很难把他们推开。短语have a hard time doing sth 表示“做某事很困难”。故填tearing。
4.解析 strengthening 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,look forward to意为“期待、盼望”,后跟动名词作宾语,表示期待的内容,故填strengthening。
5.解析 to catch 考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语tend,此处应填非谓语。tend to do sth “往往会做某事”为固用法,故填to catch。
6.解析 to continue 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”,为固定搭配。
7.解析 to discover 考查非谓语动词。句意:在丝绸伞和羽毛伞在中国流行后不久,它们的制造商设法从木纸中发现了一种新的材料,从而能够制作出高度风格化、装饰性和轻质的伞。此处是固定搭配:manage to do sth 意为“设法做某事”。故填to discover。
8.解析 overcoming 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们还将帮助熊猫在回国后克服“语言障碍”—学习汉语,尤其是四川话。介词in后接doing作宾语。故填overcoming。
9.解析 damaging 考查非谓语动词。句意:四川都江堰水利系统始建于公元前256年,充分利用了当地的自然特征,不破坏环境。根据空前的介词without可知,空格处应填入动名词作宾语。故填damaging。
10.解析 to be interpreted 考查非谓语动词。空处应填非谓语动词,want sb/sth to do...“想要某人/物做某事”,their stories与interpret之间为动宾关系,所以应用不定式的被动形式,作宾语补足语。故填to be interpreted。
[图解技巧]
逻辑关系法——利用逻辑关系,迅速判定分词形式
解题指导
典例感悟
定语
1.动词ing形式作定语
(1)动词ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行;
(2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作,用being done结构;
(3)表示心理状态的动词ing形式的形容词,意为“令人……的”。
2.过去分词作定语
(1)过去分词作定语表示被动、完成;
(2)过去分词形式的形容词,意为“(人)感到……的”。
1.(2024·河北保定模拟)The site features prominently in the history of botanical research and was the object of international plant ______ (collect) expeditions in the 19th and 20th centuries.
2.(2024·云南昆明模拟)Besides “Happy Loong”,the museum sells stuffed toys ______ (inspire) by the Dunhuang Flying Apsaras and the bronze galloping (飞驰的) horse from the Eastern Han Dynasty,which combine rich history with the appetite of GenerationZ.
状语
1.动词ing形式作状语
(1)句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,用动词ing形式;
(2)表伴随、时间或条件等要用动词ing形式;
(3)自然而然的结果用动词ing形式。
2.过去分词作状语
句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,则用过去分词。
3.(2024·云南大理模拟)Our lifestyles are always busy and in a rush,______ (result) in high stress and inadequate sleep.
4.(2024·山东济宁模拟) Despite the crowds,we enjoyed a peaceful walk,greatly ______ (enhance) by the iconic Smeaton's Tower lighthouse.
宾语补足语
在make,have,see,observe,notice,watch,hear等动词后可用现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语。
(宾语somebody 和 sing 为主谓关系,故用现在分词)
(宾语this song和 sing 为动宾关系,故用过去分词)
5.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
6.She was glad so see her child well ________ (take) good care of.
1.解析 collecting 考查非谓语动词。句意:该地点在植物研究史上占有重要地位,是19世纪和20世纪国际植物收集探险队的目标。修饰expeditions,为主谓关系,应用现在分词collecting作定语。故填collecting。
2.解析 inspired 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了“快乐龙”,博物馆还出售以敦煌飞天和东汉青铜马踏飞燕为灵感的毛绒玩具,这些玩具结合了丰富的历史和Z世代的胃口。主句中已有谓语sells,因此空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语stuffed toys和inspire是动宾关系。故填inspired。
3.解析 resulting 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的生活总是忙碌而匆忙,导致高压力和睡眠不足。result in是固定搭配,意思是“导致”,本句已经存在谓语(系动词)are,所以result应使用非谓语,分析句子可知生活忙碌和导致睡眠不足是主谓关系,故填resulting。
4.解析 enhanced 考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管人群拥挤,我们还是享受了一次宁静的散步,标志性的斯米顿塔灯塔给我们带来了极大的乐趣。此处enhance与we构成动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填enhanced。
5.解析 wanting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为leave sb doing sth结构,表示“使我想着下次多吃点”。
6.解析 taken 考查非谓语动词。句意:她很高兴看到她的孩子得到很好的照顾。see sb do指“看到了某人做某事”,强调已经完成的事。句中过去分词作宾语补足语,故填taken。
[图解技巧]
专项突破法——掌握基本用法,专项攻克不定式
从最近几年高考来看,对非谓语动词中的不定式考查较多,因此要熟记不定式的用法,专项攻克不定式。
解题指导
典例感悟
状语
1.不定式作目的状语;
2.only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果;
3.某些形容词或过去分词作表语时,后接不定式作状语。常见形容词有:happy,delighted,pleased,proud,anxious,disappointed,lucky,fortunate等;
4.牢记“主语+系动词+表语(形容词easy,difficult,comfortable等)+to do”句式,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
1.(2024·陕西西安二轮复习联考)______ (preserve) this Chinese folk culture,it was included in the inaugural(首批的)items of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
2.(2024·黑、吉、辽教研联合体模拟)China Daily is running the series ______ (show) how master artisans (工匠) are using dedication and innovation to add new life into these ageold heritages.
3.(2024·浙江杭州二模)Earlier this month,Sara Hall,a professional marathon runner competing in the US Olympic marathon trials,actually threw away her GPS watch midrace ______ (avoid) distraction.
定语
1.看到由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。
2.看到由the only,the last,the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。
3.看到被修饰的名词(代词)是ability,attempt,chance,desire,eagerness,potential,reason,right,something,anything,time,way,wish等词时,常用不定式作定语。
4.(2024·长沙长郡中学模拟) Although the poetry of today has transformed in form and function,the root of its purpose can still be found in poets' desire ______ (explore) the human condition through the power of imagery and metaphor.
5.(2024·河北保定二模) But the Brown tournament isn't just about becoming a strong competitor.It also offers a platform for young scientists ______ (wander) Brown's campus.
1.解析 To preserve 考查非谓语动词。句意:为保护这一民间文化,它于2006年被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填To preserve。
2.解析 to show 考查非谓语动词。句意:《中国日报》正在播出这一系列节目,展示工匠大师如何用奉献和创新为这些古老的遗产增添新的生命。分析句子可知,此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语,满足句意要求。故填to show。
3.解析 to avoid 考查非谓语动词。句意:本月早些时候,参加美国奥运会马拉松选拔赛的职业马拉松运动员Sara Hall为了避免分心,竟然在比赛中途扔掉了她的GPS手表。非谓语动词担当目的状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to avoid。
4.解析 to explore 考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管今天的诗歌在形式和功能上都发生了变化,但诗人通过意象和隐喻的力量探索人类状况的愿望仍然是诗歌目的的根源。名词desire后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to explore。
5.解析 to wander 考查非谓语动词。句意:它还为年轻科学家提供了一个漫步布朗大学校园的平台。句子结构分析可知,设空处为非谓语动词,作定语修饰名词a platform,表示“去漫步布朗大学校园”,用动词不定式,故填to wander。
归类突破法——根据分类对比,判断非谓语的形式
解题指导
典例感悟
1.with复合结构
(1)“with+宾语+to do”表示动作还未发生,其中to do不定式主动表被动;
(2)“with+宾语+doing”表示主动、动作正在进行;
(3)“with+宾语+done”表示被动、动作已完成。
1.(2024·河北保定一模)When you first enter Hongcun Village,there is a wide and clear water feature,with two arms______ (join) together that surround the ancient village.
2.Looking at the towering teaching building,Eva came up with a good idea,with a smile ________ (spread) across her face.
2.have后加宾补的常见用法
(1)have sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直做;
(2)have sth done让某事被做;
(3)have sb do sth让某人做某事。
注意:在“have sth to do(有某事要做)”结构中,不定式作定语。
3.(2024·湖北武汉七校联考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take).
4.(2024·湖南长沙高考模拟)As humans,we tend to be easily influenced when it comes to liking or disliking something,and we're happy to have our existing opinions ________ (confirm).
1.解析 joined 考查非谓语动词。句意:当你第一次进入宏村时,有一个宽阔而清澈的水景,两臂相连,环绕着古老的村庄。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构,此处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,two arms和join为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填joined。
2.解析 spreading 考查非谓语动词。句意:看着高耸的教学楼,伊娃想到了一个好主意,脸上绽开了笑容。此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,a smile和spread为逻辑主谓关系,用现在分词。故填spreading。
3.解析 taken 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语补足语。宾语my photograph与take之间为动宾关系;have sth done意为“让某事被做”,为固定用法,因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4.解析 confirmed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语补足语。宾语our existing opinions与confirm之间为动宾关系;have sth done意为“让某事被做”,为固定用法,因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。
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