内容正文:
第一讲 运筹帷幄——宏观把握语法填空题的考法与解法
[对应学生用书P64]
一、怎么考——题型考法图解
二、怎么解——语法填空解题流程
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure,named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 56.________ (engineer)techniques are applied to create this protective 57.________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days 58.________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather,the structure stays 59.________ (close) to protect the plants.
Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60.________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61.________ first time.These plants included modern Western 62.________ (favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see,too.
The Glasshouse stands 63.________ a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route 64.________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65.________ (rich) of gardening in England.
[语篇解读] 说明文 本文介绍了英国“丝路花园”的整体设计以及其中新建成的玻璃温室。
56.解析 engineering 考查非谓语动词。空处修饰空后的名词techniques,在句中作定语,说明名词的作用。此处表示“最新的工程技术”。故填动名词engineering。
57.解析 functional 考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被应用于创建这种兼具保护性和功能性且还美观的结构。空处与 protective 并列,修饰空后的名词structure,应用形容词形式,故填functional“实用的”。
58.解析 to give 考查非谓语动词。句意:在温暖的日子里,这些萼片会打开以给内部植物(提供)阳光和新鲜空气。空处所在句的谓语动词是 open,空处应用非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示目的,故填不定式to give。
59.解析 closed 考查形容词。空前的stays 作系动词,表示“保持”,空处作表语,表示“关闭的”,故填形容词closed。
60.解析 walks 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。本句描述了 the Silk Route Garden 的客观情况,时态用一般现在时;此处时态也可以根据下文中的“contains...guides...offers”判断;walk 在此作动词,表示“(循序渐进地)教,逐步引导”,与主语 the Silk Route Garden 之间为主动关系;主语表示第三人称单数。故填walks。
61.解析 the 考查冠词。此处考查固定表达for the first time,意为“第一次”,故填the。
62.解析 favourites 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,空处作动词included 的宾语,前面的 modern Western 为定语,所以此处应填名词;根据空后的举例“such as rosemary,lavender and fennel”可知,空处表示复数概念。favourite在此处为可数名词,表示“特别喜爱的事物”。故填favourites。
63.解析 as 考查介词。结合语境“该玻璃温室作为当代设计的伟大成就而存在”可知,空处需填as。故填as。
64.解析 that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为表示物的名词短语 the Silk Route,关系词在从句中作主语,所以填 that/which。
65.解析 richness 考查名词。空处跟在定冠词 the 之后,且空后的 of gardening对空处进行限定,故填名词richness。
三、怎么练——题后反思总结
“同样在做题,效率有高低”“题海战术耗气力,不悟规律收益低”,指的是一些学生“只顾埋头拉车,不知抬头看路”的低效能学习方法。高考命题是有规律可循的,尤其是对“语法填空”题型来说,10个题目怎么分布考点,每个考点考多少、考什么都是有一定规律的。因此,建议学生仿照本部分练习题后设计的考点统计表,每做完一个语篇后,及时反思不足,总结命题规律。你会发现:命题人总是围绕几个考点变个语境“重复”地考;与其强刷百题,不如精做一题。
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,56.________ is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to StratforduponAvon,William Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met,there are common 57.________ (theme)in their works,said Paul Edmondson,head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.________(be)also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways 59.________ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later,a sixmetertall pavilion,60.________ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,61.________ (build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 62.________ (visible),said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63.________ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
64.________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65.________ see how Tang's play was being performed.”
[考点统计表]
类别
题号
语法项目
考点考法
有提示词
58
谓语动词
动词的时态和主谓一致
61
一般过去时的被动语态
60
非谓语
动词
过去分词作定语
63
动词不定式
64
现在分词作定语
57
名词
名词单复数
62
名词
形容词变名词
无提
示词
56
关系代词
定语从句
59
介词
固定搭配
65
连词
并列连词
[语篇解读] 说明文。为纪念素有“东方莎士比亚”之称的汤显祖,一座凉亭在莎士比亚的故乡建立,此举提高了莎士比亚故乡的国际知名度。来此地的游客惊奇地发现东西方的这两位伟大作家的作品有一些共性。
56.解析 who 考查定语从句。句意:为纪念素有“东方莎士比亚”之称的汤显祖,中国文化元素为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福增添了一抹国际化的色彩。先行词是 Tang Xianzu,从句中缺少主语,且空前有逗号,故应用who引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
57.解析 themes 考查名词复数。句意:虽然他们可能从未见过面,但是他们的作品中有共同的主题。根据“there are”可知,此处应用名词复数themes。故填themes。
58.解析 were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的事。主语是Some of the things,且此处描述过去的事,故填were。
59.解析 to 考查介词。句意:我恰好发现汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》在一些方面相似。be similar to 是固定短语,意为“与……相似”。故填to。
60.解析 inspired 考查过去分词。句意:两年后,受《牡丹亭》的启发,一座六米高的凉亭被建在离莎士比亚出生地仅有十分钟的步行路程的杉园。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此空应用非谓语动词;inspire 与a sixmetertall pavilion 之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填 inspired。
61.解析 was built 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:同上。空处在句中作谓语,主语是a sixmetertall pavilion,与build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,此处描述过去的事,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was built。
62.解析 visibility 考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,那些文化元素提升了斯特拉特福的国际知名度,并补充说,行走在莎士比亚出生地花园的游客常会惊讶于两个伟大的作家之间的联系。international是形容词,应修饰名词。visible的名词形式为visibility,表示“知名度”。此处表示这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。故填visibility。
63.解析 to find 考查动词不定式。句意:同上。be amazed to do sth是固定搭配,意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。此处表示游客惊讶地发现这两位伟大的作家之间的联系。故填to find。
64.解析 Recalling 考查现在分词。句意:Edmondson 回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚的戏剧《理查三世》的中文版,以及见到几年前来到斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员,他说:“听到中文以及看到汤显祖的戏剧如何被表演是非常令人兴奋的。”此句已有谓语动词said,recall 与主语Edmondson之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填 Recalling。
65.解析 and 考查连词。句意:同上。hear the Chinese language 和 see how Tang's play was being performed 是并列关系,故此处应用and连接两个不定式短语,and后承前省略不定式符号to。故填and。
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