专题3 第2讲 凭借语言技能，逐层“完空”下的完形(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

第二讲　凭借语言技能，逐层“完空”下的完形 [对应学生用书P52] 完形填空在选材上注重价值引领、立德树人、命题“金”线的贯彻；在命题“银”线上，主要体现语言技能水平的测试。语言功底的强弱，决定完形填空的成败。在解答完形填空时，可按“边读边填句内层次题→明意句群后，再填句组层次题→读完语篇，最后做语篇层次题，进行‘逐层完空’”的流程来解题。 一、五大方法速判句内层次题 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 方法1　利用生活常识和文化背景解题 生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确的判断。 　(2024·全国甲卷) Born just before WWⅡ，my grandmother __43_experienced__ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine.She did not have a chance to go to __44_school__．Like in typical families，where boys were __45_favored_ much more than girls，my grandma had to stay at home to do __46__． 46．A.gardening B．homework C．business D．housework [解题思路]　本题属于句内层次题。结合语境，奶奶作为女孩在家里不受重视无法去学校上学，根据生活常识，奶奶留在家里应该协助做家务。 [参考答案]　D 方法2　利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知空格相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知空格的答案。 　(2022·全国乙卷) We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47_child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48_ears．We then asked the child if she could __49__ or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn't.The same 50_thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51_Now children said that they couldn't 52_speak to her. 49．A.see B．help C．reach D．fool [解题思路]　利用对应成分分析法解题。“We then asked the child if she could __49__动词 or并列连词 hear动词 the adult.”从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与__49__ or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见。 [参考答案]　A 方法3　利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题 我们也可以通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) During my first visit to Italy，I 42_struggled_ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to __43__ a sentence of Italian together，the locals smiled at me and 44_praised my language skills. 43．A.string B．hang C．mix D．match [解题思路]　本题属于句内层次题，利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题。string...together为固定搭配，意为“把……连在一起”。此处用来指作者努力把句子串起来。 [参考答案]　A 方法4　利用逻辑关系解题 此方法是通过分析设空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 　(2023·浙江卷1月) Then，with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree，Ziyad began 47_climbing．He stopped every few minutes to move the 48_rope higher up the tree trunk. __49__，Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.Sitting on a branch，he 50_inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he'd 51_slid_down the trunk and was back on the ground. 49．A.Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately [解题思路]　利用逻辑关系解题。根据本空后的“Ziyad got close to the hive”可知，经过辛苦的尝试，最终，齐亚德已经到达离地面约20米的蜂巢。 [参考答案]　A 方法5　利用语境暗示分析法解题 上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) When I met Tiffy's owners，they seemed very 47_nervous．George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was __48__ for him，having to leave his dog to a 49_stranger and trust that everything would 50_work_out． 48．A.hard B．fine C．common D．lucky [解题思路]　利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本空后的“having to leave his dog”暗示可推知，由于不得不将宠物狗交到一个陌生人手中，要保持镇定对主人而言是非常难的。 [参考答案]　A 二、四种技巧智取句组层次题 句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。也就是说，根据本句信息不足以解题，还要根据空格前后找信息源。 技巧1　利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确答案。 1．原词复现 　(2023·全国乙卷) “I'm going to inspire so many people，” she said.“I'm ready to __60__．” And shine she did. 60．A.shine B．fly C．dance D．score [解题思路]　利用原词复现解题。设空处后一句出现了关键词shine，对比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速确定答案。 [参考答案]　A 2．同义词复现 　(2024·浙江卷1月) Without batting an eye，he would 28_quote a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American __29__ as a whole.”And what do you all learn about Russian authors？” I 30_recall him asking at one point. 29．A.writers B．historians C．workers D．students [解题思路]　利用同义词复现解题。结合下文可知，年轻人对俄罗斯作家和美国作家的影响感兴趣，下文的authors和A选项中的writers是同义词，A项符合语境。 [参考答案]　A 3．反义词复现 　(2023·全国乙卷) The Chinese coach 52_transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53_world，helping her skyrocket from an __54__ member of the national team to the top of the sport. 54．A.amateur B．elected C．average D．enthusiastic [解题思路]　利用反义词复现解题。根据下文中的“skyrocket from...to the top of the sport”可知，道格拉斯的水平实现了由低到高的飞跃，设空处应选top的反义词，即水平一般、较低的。 [参考答案]　C 技巧2　利用作者的情感态度解题 在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者情感态度的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) After I made Italy my permanent home，I discovered how __46__ Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47_remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It's these small 48_acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home. 46．A.open­minded B．strong­willed C．warm­hearted D．well­informed [解题思路]　利用作者的态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据下文kindness等情感词可推测，作者对意大利人持积极、赞扬态度，结合下文描述意大利人分享食物、提醒作者关窗，可知此处强调意大利人的热心。 [参考答案]　C 技巧3　利用逻辑关系解题 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) To be honest，I 44_hated it! Between the girl making my 45_achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided that the only 46_reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I __47__ cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot. 47．A.gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with [解题思路]　利用逻辑关系解题。由上文可知作者十分讨厌长跑，“so”这一连词提示此处表明因果逻辑关系，再结合下文作者说买了自行车并多次骑行，可知此处应选择作者把目标转向了骑行，C项符合语境。 [参考答案]　C 技巧4　利用语境暗示分析法解题 在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 　(2023·全国乙卷) By 55_winning the Olympic all­around title，she became the first black woman to do so.She __56__ the competition from beginning to end.She said she had felt 57_confident all along that she would win. Not so long ago，Martha Karolyi，the coordinator (联络人) of the women's national team，did not think Douglas had what it 58_took to be an Olympian. 56．A.followed B．organized C．watched D．led [解题思路]　利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文可知，道格拉斯赢得了比赛，再根据下文from beginning to end可推断，设空处想表达道格拉斯在全程比赛中一直处于优势地位。lead有“处于领先地位”之意。 [参考答案]　D 三、两种思路解决语篇层次题 语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要立足全文，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。 思路1　利用首尾呼应关系解题 　(2024·全国甲卷) One day，we had a family dinner.While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside，I was left alone in the 41_kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.42_As_always_my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. ...... My childhood is quite 55_happy compared with hers.I am56_grateful that I did not need to 57_go_through the hardships like she did.I've never faced the problem of 58_education．I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59_talk to：her stories always make my history textbooks __60__． 60．A.come true B．come round C．come out D．come alive [解题思路]　完形填空的文章或段落存在上下文或首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。 本题利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据文章首段“作者很熟悉奶奶的童年，奶奶会告诉作者关于她童年的故事”，因此，首段应呼应尾段“不同的童年背景使奶奶成为一个令人惊叹的聊天对象，她的故事总是让作者的历史教科书栩栩如生。” [参考答案]　D [名师点津]　叙事类的完形填空往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题目。 思路2　利用文章发展脉络解题 　(2022·全国甲卷) You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. ...... The next week we 47_walked our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our 48_breath，Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too，but so 49_soon? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.50_In_that_moment，I began to fall for him. ...... A year later，much to my 58_delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel (跪) down，nor did I 59_need him to.That's only for giving __60__ to the dogs that brought us together. 60．A.toys B．awards C．food D．water [解题思路]　叙事类的完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端—发展—高潮—结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。 本题利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点：根据一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。 [参考答案]　D [对应学生用书P56] Test 1 (2024·福建南平检测)I never thought that I had to move to another state at 14.I was doubly __1__ for I had just lost my father. My family got __2__ in giving away all the things we could not carry with us.On top of the __3__ was a wooden cradle (摇篮).Cradles are __4__ meant for newborns，but my mother decided to __5__ this big one to my friend Sara as she used to love playing in it. Soon I got __6__ with the new schedule of school，adjusting to the new city.Times fled quickly until I __7__ the news of Sara's marriage.My thoughts wandered about her and our good __8__ in the native town of Kerala. I happened to __9__ the town after 20 years.What a(n) __10__—Sara's daughter was sleeping in the very cradle from my mother.I also came to know Sara was __11__ on her mother's decision to donate this cradle and she refused.Sara，even today，treats this gift as a blessing and a sign of __12__ from my mother to her.She now __13__ the cradle to other babies and fetches it when they start walking. “This is not just a material thing; this indicates our strong __14__．The excellence of a gift lies in its appropriateness rather than in its __15__，” Sara said. [语篇解读]　 夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者一家要搬家，就把摇篮送给了她的好朋友Sara，而Sara把这个礼物视若珍宝，并强调这个礼物的卓越之处在于它的合适性，而不是它的价值。 1．A.guilty B．sad C．nervous D．shameful 解析　B　句意：我加倍悲伤，因为我刚刚失去了父亲。根据下文“for I had just lost my father”可知，作者刚刚失去了父亲，所以搬家对她来说就是让她更加伤心难过。故选B。 2．A.involved B．interested C．bored D．skilled 解析　A　句意：我的家人参与了赠送所有我们不能随身携带的东西的活动。根据下文“giving away all the things we could not carry with us”可知，作者他们参与了把带不走的东西赠送给别人的活动。故选A。 3．A.cover B．table C．shelf D．list 解析　D　句意：在清单最上面的是一个木制摇篮。根据上文“all the things we could not carry with us”可知，作者他们会赠送许多东西，所以会有一个清单。故选D。 4．A.sincerely B．especially C．partly D．previously 解析　B　句意：摇篮是专为新生儿设计的，但我妈妈决定把这个大摇篮送给我的朋友Sara，因为她过去喜欢玩摇篮。根据下文“meant for newborns”可知，摇篮是专为新生儿设计的。故选B。 5．A.sell B．deliver C．gift D．lend 解析　C　根据下文“this big one to my friend Sara as she used to love playing in it”可知，作者的妈妈打算把摇篮当做礼物送给她的朋友Sara。 6．A.engaged B．annoyed C．connected D．disappointed 解析　A　句意：很快，我就适应了新的学校时间表，适应了新城市。 根据下文“adjusting to the new city”可知，这里指作者适应了新的学校和城市。故选A。 7．A.spread B．heard C．broke D．brought 解析　B　句意：时间过得很快，直到我听到萨拉结婚的消息。 根据下文“the news of Sara's marriage”可知，作者应该是听说了萨拉结婚的消息。故选B。 8．A.lessons B．chances C．times D．fames 解析　C　句意：我想起了她和我们在喀拉拉邦的家乡度过的美好时光。 根据上文“My thoughts wandered”和下文“in the native town of Kerala”可知，这里应该是指作者的思想回到了她们以前在一起的时光。故选C。 9．A.talk about B．comment on C．refer to D．call at 解析　D　call at到……进行短暂访问、停留。根据下文“What a(n) __10__—Sara's daughter was sleeping in the very cradle from my mother.”可知，作者恰好回到那个地方，看到了Sara的情况。故选D。 10．A.success B．event C．scene D．affair 解析　C　句意：萨拉的女儿正睡在“我”母亲的摇篮里，这是多么美妙的一幕啊。 根据下文“Sara's daughter was sleeping in the very cradle from my mother”可知，这是作者看到的场景。故选C。 11．A.keen B．dependent C．strict D．upset 解析　D　句意：我还知道Sara对她母亲捐赠这个摇篮的决定感到不安，她拒绝了。 根据下文“her mother's decision to donate this cradle and she refused”可知，Sara的母亲要捐赠这个摇篮，但是她却不愿意，所以这应该是会让她感到不安。故选D。 12．A.thank B．love C．respect D．hope 解析　B　句意：即使在今天，Sara也将这份礼物视为我母亲对她的祝福和爱的象征。 根据上文“Sara，even today，treats this gift as a blessing”可知，Sara很重视这份礼物，所以应该是把它当做是作者母亲对她的爱的象征。故选B。 13．A.takes back B．holds up C．puts away D．passes on 解析　D　句意：现在，她把摇篮传给其他婴儿，当他们开始走路时，她会把摇篮拿回来。 根据下文“fetches it when they start walking”可知，Sara应该是会拿出来让一个个婴儿传递着用，然后他们学会走路时再取回来。故选D。 14．A.character B．support C．link D．ability 解析　C　句意：Sara说：“这不仅仅是物质上的东西，这表明了我们之间的紧密联系。礼物的卓越之处在于它的合适性，而不是它的价值。” 根据上文“Sara，even today，treats this gift as a blessing and a sign of __12__ from my mother to her.She now __13__ the cradle to other babies and fetches it when they start walking.”可知，Sara把摇篮看做是她们之间的紧密联系。故选C。 15．A.value B．source C．quality D．effect 解析　A　根据上文“The excellence of a gift lies in its appropriateness”可知，这里强调摇篮这个礼物的卓越之处在于它的合适性，而不是它值多少钱。故选A。 Test 2 (2024·山东济宁检测)I liked being held up by my mom in the air so I could stare down at her washing machine.The clothes swimming in circles never ceased to __1___me.I loved watching clothes being washed so much that my parents __2__ to send me a kid size washing machine for my third birthday. My love of laundry (洗衣) only __3__ as I grew older.I learned how to wash and dry my own clothes before I was ten.In my teens，I __4__ myself to iron，having made several attempts on my trousers.I had a __5__ for dry clean—only clothes despite my tight budget as a college student.Hence，I __6__ my professor Gary Chapman to __7__ if I could wash my wool sweaters myself.What I learned were not just the how­tos，but I got to know，far beyond my task，labor (劳动) was also a way to __8___love to others — whether ironing my mom's skirts or washing our tablecloth in __9___for a family gathering.I believe that's what washing clothes __10__ for my mom，and now for me. Changing our mindsets from __11__cleaning clothes to caring for others is key to changing our __12__ to laundry.It's not a boring job but love.I like to __13__ this message with others.When the clothes are __14__ and smell wonderful，your loved ones will feel their days are bound to be all the __15__． [语篇解读]　夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者从小喜欢洗衣服，从洗衣服这件事中，作者认识到劳动不仅是自己的任务，也是向别人表达爱的一种方式，当衣服干干净净、气味宜人时，你爱的人会觉得他们的日子一定会更美好。 1．A.inspire B．bother C．depress D．amaze 解析　D　根据上文“I liked being held up by my mom in the air so I could stare down at her washing machine.”可知，作者喜欢看洗衣机，因为绕着圈游来游去的衣服不断地使作者感到惊奇。故选D。 2．A.afforded B．decided C．attempted D．proceeded 解析　B　根据后文“to send me a kid size washing machine for my third birthday”可知，作者的父母决定送一台儿童洗衣机作为作者三岁生日的礼物。故选B。 3．A.deepened B．weakened C．faded D．appeared 解析　A　根据后文“I learned how to wash and dry my own clothes before I was ten.”可知随着年龄的增长，作者对洗衣服的喜爱加深了。故选A。 4．A.expressed B．taught C．blamed D．forced 解析　B　根据后文“myself to iron，having made several attempts on my trousers”可知，作者自学熨烫，试过几次熨自己的裤子。故选B。 5．A.need B．potential C．preference D．gift 解析　C　根据后文“for dry clean—only clothes despite my tight budget as a college student”可知，作者更喜欢干洗衣服。短语have a preference for “更喜欢……”。故选C。 6．A.grabbed B．ordered C．encountered D．contacted 解析　D　根据后文“my professor Gary Chapman”可知，指联系教授，询问洗衣服的事情。故选D。 7．A.make out B．agree on C．account for D．call up 解析　A　根据后文“if I could wash my wool sweaters myself”可知，联系教授是为了弄清楚是否可以自己洗羊毛衫。make out在此处表示“弄清楚”，符合语境。故选A。 8．A.appreciate B．accept C．show D．perceive 解析　C　根据后文“love to others”可知，劳动也是向别人展示爱的一种方式。故选C。 9．A.exchange B．preparation C．return D．store 解析　B　根据后文“for a family gathering”可知，洗桌布是为家庭聚会作准备的。故选B。 10．A.meant B．involved C．required D．exposed 解析　A　根据上文“what washing clothes”可知，此处指洗衣服的意义。故选A。 11．A.necessarily B．obviously C．willingly D．simply 解析　D　根据后文“cleaning clothes to caring for others is key to changing our”可知，作者认为从简单的洗衣服到关心他人是改变我们对洗衣服态度的关键。故选D。 12．A.attitude B．tendency C．devotion D．solution 解析　A　根据后文“It's not a boring job but love.”可知是改变对洗衣服的态度。故选A。 13．A.check B．share C．celebrate D．trade 解析　B　根据后文“this message with others”可知，指和别人分享自己对洗衣服的看法。故选B。 14．A.luxurious B．clean C．elegant D．plain 解析　B　根据后文“and smell wonderful”可知，衣服干净，气味宜人，故选B。 15．A.busier B．quicker C．longer D．brighter 解析　D　根据上文“and smell wonderful，your loved ones will feel their days are bound to be all the__15__”可知，当衣服干干净净、气味宜人时，你爱的人会觉得他们的日子一定会更美好。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$