专题2 第2讲 从隐性解题信息解答7选5(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

第二讲　从隐性解题信息解答七选五 [对应学生用书P38] 信息一　复现词汇 类型1　原词复现 掌握特点 一个单词在一个语意场景中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化 技巧运用 ①寻找空处前后句中的相同关键词； ②根据语言习惯，第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同、重叠的词语 　(2024·全国甲卷) What is moderation (适度)? Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal，but not too full.__36__ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now. [解题思路]　本段首句提出问题，空前两句解释什么是适度，划线处应衔接上文，进一步给出对适度的解释。F选项中的“means”与前文第二句的“means”和最后一句中的“mean”为原词复现，进一步提示F项正确。 [参考答案]　F 类型2　代词复现 掌握特点 为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件 技巧运用 ①注意空处前后出现的代词，并确定其意义； ②结合指代意义和单复数解题 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I keep two reference books close­by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.__37__ Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old­fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [解题思路]　根据上文“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker”可知，此处解释作者不信任的原因，选项B中“它不考虑上下文语境”中it指代上文提到的“laptop's spellchecker”，符合语境。 [参考答案]　B 类型3　派生复现 掌握特点 派生词是由词根加词缀构成的词 技巧运用 在句中寻找这类词的复现 　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿).__36__No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. [解题思路]　根据本段第一句“Not all great writers are great spellers”，及空前上文讲述对于发表而言，一份完美、专业的手稿至关重要可知，此处应解释什么是完美的手稿，F选项中“spelling”与本段第一句的“speller”是派生词关系，符合语境。 [参考答案]　B 类型4　同义复现 掌握特点 指上下文中意义相同或相近的词、词组或同义句子，如：room与space 技巧运用 在句中寻找同义词的复现 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ·Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over­touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less­visited options to choose from.__38__ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser­known sights? E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [解题思路]　空前一句提及作者认为游客还有很多其他选择，空后一句提议游客尝试其他知名度较低的景点，由此可知空处应承上启下，涉及游客可选择的其他景点。E项符合语境。E项中的“undiscoverd”与空前的“less­visited”、空后的“lesser­known”为同义词复现关系。 [参考答案]　E 类型5　反义复现 掌握特点 上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子 技巧运用 在句中寻找反义词的复现 　(2024·全国甲卷) Eat with others whenever possible.Eating alone，especially in front of the TV or computer，often leads to mindless overeating.And be careful about the foods you keep at hand.It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready，like cookies.__38__ A．Eat properly throughout the day. B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices. F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now. G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. [解题思路]　反义词复现法解题。本段主要讲适度饮食的正确做法。空处前一句的“unhealthy”提示前一句举例了吃不健康的零食习惯，跟E选项中的“healthy”互为反义词，形成对比，意为“相反，让自己置身于健康的选择中”，承接上文，符合题意。 [参考答案]　E 信息二　相似结构线索 阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，常采用总分或总分总形式，第一段说明事物的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。 　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths”．__37__ Are you caring？Creative? Generous? A good listener？Fun to be around？They don't have to be world­changing，just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38.Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down. A．A little self­forgiveness also goes a long way. B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it. G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. [解题思路]　相似结构线索法解题。根据下文中的“On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others.”可推断，此处也应该是类似的祈使句并要求写下一些个人特质，故B项符合结构相似要求。此外，根据本空前的“Personal strengths.”和本空后的例子可知，B项承上启下，符合语境。 [参考答案]　B 　(2022·全国甲卷) Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries.__40__，the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A.The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils [解题思路]　相似结构线索法解题。根据空后的“the more comfortable ...”可推知，此处是“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构，答案锁定在A、B两项。再根据下文的“就会越习惯当地的异域文化习俗”可推知，B项(你在任何一个国家待的时间越长)符合语境，引出下文，且下文中的“its”指代B项中的any given country。 [参考答案]　B [技法点拨] 信息三　逻辑关系 逻辑通顺原则是指选项句具有联系上下文的功能。在句中找到句间逻辑，抓住逻辑关系线索词，也就掌握了解题的关键线索。常见的逻辑关系包括因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、对比关系、例证关系、递进关系等。这些逻辑关系常常有各自的标志词。 　(2023·全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.__36__，but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.What's more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful [解题思路]　本题可根据上下文逻辑关系解题。空前指出室内绿植是家里的“无名英雄”，空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，故设空处与之并列，都在说明室内绿植的益处。抓住逻辑关系线索词，即空后的“but”与B项中的“Not only”在逻辑上构成并列关系，便可快速解题。 [参考答案]　B [技法点拨] 信息四　标点符号 类型1　空后是逗号 当设空处后面是逗号，且后面的句子是由从属连词引导的状语从句时，则设空处为主句。当设空处后面是逗号，且后面的句子没有连词引导，则设空处多为状语从句。 　(2021·全国乙卷) People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”，you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.__37__，it can bring in “I have this old，broken­down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？” E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say [解题思路]　根据空后的标点符号及其后的句子可推知，此空应该填入一个从句；再根据“‘I have this old，broken­down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”可知，空处内容与交通方式有关。故C选项符合语境。 [参考答案]　C 类型2　空后是句号 当设空处后面是句号时，考生要根据段落主题和前后句之间的逻辑关系来解题。 　(2021·全国乙卷) And what about that other dinner­party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party，the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬).__40__．Just quickly turn around and say，“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most [解题思路]　本段第一句为段落主题句，意为“如何应对另一个宴会杀手：尴尬的沉默？”，下文给出方法，应对宴会杀手——尴尬的沉默的唯一方法就是赞扬主人，故G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境，与前面的句子构成前果后因的关系。 [参考答案]　G 类型3　空后是问号 当设空处后面是问号时，考生要根据后面对这个问题的回答来确定设空处问的是什么。 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities，but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.__36__ Certainly not.The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. A．Visit during off­peak times. B．So，should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [解题思路]　空后的“Certainly not”应是对某个问题作出的回答，由此可判断设空处应是一个一般疑问句，故答案应从B和D项两个疑问句中进行选择。根据后一句句意，作者认为失去旅游的代价无法接受(即不应停止旅游)，可知画线处应提问是否应该停止旅游，故B项符合语境。 [参考答案]　B [对应学生用书P42] Test 1 (2024·浙江金华高三模拟) Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness! Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to­do list，because you feel everyone else in your life comes first？__1__ Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself. This isn't just about identifying your favorite outfit，haircut or flavor of ice cream.__2__ It's an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your wellbeing and lifelong happiness. There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself，including journaling and other forms of creative expression.You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind.It's up to you what you want to do.__3__ __4__ Take note of how you respond to people，what makes you happy，and what makes you unhappy.This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back，such as feeling insecure or being easily angered.Once you've identified these patterns，you can work to change them. An often overlooked yet very important factor in self­discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life.__5__ Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them.This is a sign of maturity and respect，two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships. A．It's one thing to know your personality type. B．It's a great way to show that you care about others. C．Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon. D．Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations. E．It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others. F．But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing. G．It's about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world. [语篇解读]　说明文。本篇主要讲了探索自己的内心世界对于自己的重要性，文章列举了一些探索自己内心世界方法，并解释了为什么这些方法可以带来更好的人际关系。 1．解析　C　根据上文“Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to­do list，because you feel everyone else in your life comes first? ”可知，上文提到生活中其他人都是第一位，故本句承接上文，说明没有给自己留时间。故选C。 2．解析　G　根据上文“This isn't just about identifying your favorite outfit，haircut or flavor of ice cream.”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出关注自己的真正含义。前一句的“This isn't just about identifying”和G选项“It's about understanding”构成句法上的转折关系。故选G。 3．解析　F　通读本段内容可知，本段在陈述写日记能够更好地探索你的内心世界，但是仅仅专注于写日记就好，不要去批判日记中自己的想法。此处的journaling与F选项中writing可以构成同义替换。故选F。 4．解析　D　根据后文“Take note of how you respond to people，what makes you happy，and what makes you unhappy.This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back，such as feeling insecure or being easily angered.Once you've identified these patterns，you can work to change them.”可知，上一段陈述了一种关注自己内心世界的方法，而本段则是在陈述另外一种方法，因此D选项中Another way is to符合并列的条件，且本句的意思也与后面的“关注自己在人际交往中如何反应”相符合。故选D。 5. 解析　E　根据上文“An often overlooked yet very important factor in self­discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life.”以及后文“Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them.This is a sign of maturity and respect，two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.”可知，前一句陈述要划定一个健康的人际关系界限，后一句则提及和别人划清界限意味着你能够很好地控制自己的行为并且也希望别人能够控制好自己的行为，这种行为能够既关注自己也关注别人。故选E。 Test 2 (2024·江西南昌高中联考)Character is how you live out what you believe to be true about life，people，and the world.__1__．Character strengths are positive qualities reflected in someone's thoughts，feelings，and actions.We desire to have such character strengths ourselves or find them in our friends，family，or others around us. __2__．It is really a collection of positive traits (特征).Positive character traits correspond to well­being，happiness，emotional and psychological health，work performance，and satisfaction. Attaining virtue and being fully self­aware require us to develop qualities including judgment，perspective，bravery，perseverance，self­regulation，gratitude，hope，humor，and spirituality.__3__． When facing a challenge，we reveal our character.Mandela was imprisoned for nearly three decades because of his efforts to oppose the South African government non­violently.However，he was able，upon his release，to have the wisdom，courage，humanity，and justice to shake hands with the prison guards who had kept him locked up for more than 27 years.__4__，but he didn't blame the guards for doing their jobs. “Good character is not formed in a week or a month，” wrote Greek philosopher Heraclitus.It is created little by little.__5__．Another quote from Nelson Mandela，“Do not judge me by my successes，judge me by how many times I fell down and got back up again.” It's in choosing to get back up after we've fallen for the first time or the 50th time that we strengthen our character. A．He had good character B．Good character is more than just one value C．Patience is needed to develop good character D．It shows how you live and how you treat others E.He hated the injustice that had put him in prison F.These are among the characteristics of a strong person G.Character changes over the course of our life experiences [语篇解读]　说明文。文章介绍了良好品格的特征以及培养它的方法。 1．解析　D　根据前文“Character is how you live out what you believe to be true about life，people，and the world.”可知，此处讲述的是品格是你如何践行自己对生活、他人和世界的真实看法。D选项中的it指代前文的“Character”，指出品格显示了你如何生活，如何对待他人。故选D。 2．解析　B　根据后文“It is really a collection of positive traits (特征).Positive character traits correspond to well­being，happiness，emotional and psychological health，work performance，and satisfaction.”可知，此处强调的品格不仅仅是一种价值，它也是积极特质的集合。B选项概括本段主旨，指出良好的品格不仅仅是一种价值，它也是积极特征的集合。故选B。 3．解析　F　根据前文“Attaining virtue and being fully self­aware require us to develop qualities including judgment，perspective，bravery，perseverance，self­regulation，gratitude，hope，humor，and spirituality.”可知，获得美德和充分的自我意识需要我们培养判断力、洞察力、勇气、毅力、自律、感恩、希望、幽默和灵性等品质。F选项中的these指代前文的“judgment，perspective，bravery，perseverance，self­regulation，gratitude, hope，humor，and spirituality”，前后呼应。故选F。 4．解析　E　根据后文“but he didn't blame the guards for doing their jobs”可知，此处强调他并没有责怪警卫的工作。E选项与下文的“he”对象保持一致，表示虽然痛恨入狱的不公正待遇，同时与后文形成转折即“但他并没有责怪警卫的工作”，故该选项符合语境。故选E。 5．解析　C　根据前文“‘Good character is not formed in a week or a month，’ wrote Greek philosopher Heraclitus.It is created little by little.”可知，此处强调良好的品格需要时间来创造。C选项“Patience is needed to develop good character ”中的“耐心”与前文的“需要时间”形成呼应。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$