专题2 第1讲 从设空位置上定位7选5的思考方向(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

第一讲　从设空位置上定位七选五的思考方向 [对应学生用书P31] 句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式，正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。 一、设空在段首——思考是“段落主题句”还是“承上启下句” 技巧1　把握形似，确定段落标题句 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ·Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over­touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less­visited options to choose from.38.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser­known sights? ·__39__ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You'll compete with fewer tourists，save money，experience a different side of a popular place，and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A．Visit during off­peak times. C．Travel for you and no one else. E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [解题思路]　本题考查段落主题句。分析文章结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处是本段的小标题。观察其他段落的小标题句式可知，段落标题的句式均为祈使句，故可缩小选择范围至A项、C项和 G项。根据下文“skipping major holidays or rush hour”可知，本段建议跳过假期或高峰时间旅行，A项“非高峰时间旅游”适合作本段的主旨句。 [参考答案]　A 技巧2　根据一致，确定段落主题句 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I keep two reference books close­by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.37.It takes no account of the context. Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old­fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. __38__ It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. A．I don't often use this dictionary. E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [解题思路]　本题考查段落主题句。根据本段中的“It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical”．可知，本段讲述词典除提供单词拼写外还有其他用途，故E项“当然，词典不仅仅用于拼写”适合作本段的主旨句。 [参考答案]　E 技巧3　瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句 　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago，they eat great food and never gain weight.38.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead，they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. __39__ On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18! D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F．Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians. [解题思路]　本题考查段落过渡句。根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且E项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。 [参考答案]　E 二、设空在段中——明辨“七种逻辑关系” 段中题通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有：总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构：first，second，then，next，later，soon，so，but，however，additionally，what's more，that is，namely，in other words，for one thing ...for another等，这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用，是解题时需要重点关注的部分。 技巧1　根据总分关系确定答案 　(2023·全国乙卷) Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“__38__．I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best． A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding [解题思路]　本题考查总分关系。根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，该段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用别人的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。 [参考答案]　C 技巧2　根据解释关系确定答案 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸).Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.__40__ You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off­peak times. C．Travel for you and no one else. E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [解题思路]　本题考查解释关系。根据空前的“do your part”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何为景区贡献自己的力量。G选项“考虑为游览的社区做一些贡献”既能进一步解释上文如何“do your part”，又能解释下文为何自己能感到亲近，符合上下文语境。 [参考答案]　G 技巧3　根据例证关系确定答案 　(2023·全国甲卷) ●Make yourself wait Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.__38__．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience [解题思路]　本题考查例证关系。根据空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后则进一步列举生活中可以尝试的小事，例如“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”。B项“从小任务开始”承上启下，并且能与后文形成例证关系，故B项符合语境。 [参考答案]　B 技巧4　根据转折关系确定答案 表示转折关系的连接词有：but，however/whereas，nevertheless，nonetheless，still，though，yet，in spite of，at any rate，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，in contrast，by contrast，in comparison，by comparison，conversely，otherwise，not ...but ...，as well等。 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) In addition，I have an old two­volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course，with its 2，672 pages，it's not exactly short.It contains around 163，000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.__39__ However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there's nothing better. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [解题思路]　本题考查转折关系。下文中的“However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there's nothing better.”与该空形成转折关系，可见空处应该说明作者平时并不经常使用该词典，A选项符合语境。 [参考答案]　A 技巧5　根据因果关系确定答案 表示因果关系的连词有as a result/consequently，thus/therefore，so (such) ...that ...等。 　(2024·全国甲卷) Take your time.It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.__37__ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food，so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. A．Eat properly throughout the day. B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices. F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now. G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. [解题思路]　本题考查因果关系。根据主旨句可知本段围绕慢慢吃展开，空后进一步说明了需要快速狼吞虎咽对身体不好的原因：大脑需要时间来告诉身体已经摄入足够的食物。C选项“不要在上班路上狼吞虎咽”呼应下文的原因解释，符合语境。 [参考答案]　C 技巧6　根据递进关系确定答案 表示递进关系的连词有：also，further，furthermore，likewise，similarly，moreover，in addition，what's more，too，either，neither，not only ...but also ...等。 　(2024·浙江卷) In the past few years，online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.36.A_survey_found_that_29_percent_of_college_students_registered_for_online_courses. But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? __37__ C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? F．If you take an online course，what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. [解题思路]　本题考查递进关系。空前是两句问句，该空承接前面两个问句，且语意应递进，锁定两个问句选项C项、F项。F项“如果你参加在线课程，你能做什么来确保获得最好的成绩？”是对前面两个问句的进一步补充，符合语境。 [参考答案]　F 技巧7　根据并列关系确定答案 　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) So，how do you find a workout partner? First of all，decide what you want from that person.__37__ Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E．How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice? [解题思路]　本题考查并列关系。根据空处下文“Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？”中的“Or”可知，空处和本句为并列关系，也应是在提出问题，所以答案锁定在D项和E项之间；再结合上下文句意可知，空处应与“明确你找健身伙伴的目的”有关，故D项“你想在你最喜欢的体育运动方面成为一个更好的运动型的人吗？”符合语境。 [参考答案]　D 三、设空在段尾——思考是“总结概括句”“过渡衔接句”还是“补充信息句” 技巧1　利用主题句或总结句确定答案 　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special.With so many online posts featuring the same places，it's easy to feel like you're missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you.__37__ A．Visit during off­peak times. C．Travel for you and no one else. E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [解题思路]　本题考查段尾总结句。本段小标题是“谨慎选择”，空前讲述了只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物吸引你时才去。画线处在段末，应紧扣本段标题，总结全段主旨，C项“为自己而非他人旅游”总结上文，符合逻辑。 [参考答案]　C 技巧2　利用段落过渡句确定答案 　(2023·全国甲卷) Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There's one answer: __36__． E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience [解题思路]　本题考查过渡链接句。根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”。同时，根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论，故G项符合语境，可以承上启下，自然过渡。 [参考答案]　G 技巧3　利用补充信息句确定答案 　(2023·全国乙卷) Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“38.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors．I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.__39__． D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help [解题思路]　本题考查补充信息句。空处位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消去一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。E项中的和平百合和绿萝正是效果最好的植物。 [参考答案]　E [对应学生用书P36] Test 1 (2024·河南郑州高三考前押题) Seeing happiness differently Since its official beginning in 2013，the International Day of Happiness has been observed for 11 years.It falls on March 20 every year.__1__But what exactly is happiness，and how can one achieve it? Experts in various fields hold different views on what happiness means and the factors that influence it. Sonja Lyubomirsky is a researcher in the field of positive psychology.__2__ According to her，happiness can be described as “the experience of joy，content (满足) or positive well­being，combined with a sense that one's life is good，meaningful and worthwhile”． People's levels of subjective happiness are influenced by both internal factors，such as personality and outlook，and external factors，such as the environment in which they live，according to the author of the book Culture and Psychology.__3__ These include their natural personality traits (特性)，the quality of their relationships with others，the society they are a part of，and their ability to meet their basic needs. More than that，experts in medical fields found that genes might influence happiness.In an article published in Iran J Public Health，three researchers show how twin studies have suggested that genetic factors count for 35－50 percent of happiness.The study also mentioned two genes that may have an effect on happiness，which may help clarify the genetic base of happiness in the future. From the aspect of economics，Tejvan Pettinger，an independent economics researcher，said that the factors affecting happiness can include income，quality of work，quality of consumption，leisure，the welfare of family members and the environment.__4__ He believes that at low levels of income，increasing income is generally considered to increase happiness as it allows a person to buy essential goods and services such as food，shelter，health care and education.However，after certain income levels，rising income contributes little to overall happiness. __5__ So people define it differently and pursue it in a variety of ways.It's a life lesson worth our whole lifetime to explore. A．This special day serves to remind people of the significance of happiness. B．She provides a clear description of happiness. C．Among them，income is a crucial factor. D．Several important factors contribute to a person's happiness. E．What is their main source of income? F．Career success may not be a guarantee of happiness. G．The truth is that happiness itself is different for everyone. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要说明世界幸福日这个节日。如何定义幸福？各个领域的专家学者有不同的看法，普通人也有不同的观点。 1．解析　A　根据上文“Since its official beginning in 2013，the International Day of Happiness has been observed for 11 years.It falls on March 20 every year.”可推知，本句应承接上文，继续说明国际幸福日成立的意义。故选A。 2．解析　B　根据上文“Sonja Lyubomirsky is a researcher in the field of positive psychology.”和下文“According to her，happiness can be described as ‘the experience of joy，content (满足) or positive well­being，combined with a sense that one's life is good，meaningful and worthwhile’”．可知，本句应继续介绍Sonja Lyubomirsky对于幸福的研究情况。故选B。 3．解析　D　根据后文“These include their natural personality traits (特性)，the quality of their relationships with others，the society they are a part of，and their ability to meet their basic needs.”可知，后文主要列举了有助于幸福的一些因素。 故选D。 4．解析　C　通读本段可知，本段主要说明了收入对幸福的影响。C选项“其中，收入是一个至关重要的因素。”承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 5．解析　G　根据后文“So people define it differently and pursue it in a variety of ways.It's a life lesson worth our whole lifetime to explore.”可知，本句与后文构成因果关系，指出幸福的定义对每个人来说不同。G选项“事实上，幸福对每个人来说都是不同的。”符合语境，故选G。 Test 2 (2024·长沙雅礼中学检测)They always say，“There is no time like the present.” And that is why “being in the now” is important，especially when you travel.__1__ Here are some easy ways to offer help： Do nothing. __2__ Lie in bed in your hotel room and stare into space.Enjoy the complete silence.Take note of how relaxed you already feel because you are not rushing to anywhere or trying to figure out how to get something done. Listen，really listen. People often confuse the terms “hear” and “listen”．Hearing is receiving sounds by the ear，an act that simply happens.__3__ Concentrate on the sounds around you，even the gentle sound of your breathing.Try to mentally point out certain sounds that your ears did not pick up before this. Document almost everything. Turn on the digital notepad on your smart phone，get a small notebook from the airport and write everything down during your holiday.At the end of your day，document what you did，where you went，how you got there，what you ate，who you met，etc.__4__ Pay attention to your thoughts. Your thoughts are louder than you think.They are just often drowned out by a garble of noises from your surroundings.Being on holiday is an excellent opportunity to pick at your own thoughts because you are removed from the noise and circumstances.__5__ A．Copies of the relevant documents must be filed. B．It will not take up too much of your time but it makes a good travel memory. C．Staying still and doing absolutely nothing is the easiest. D．Stick some ticket stubs or receipts in it while you are at it. E．Listening，however，is something you consciously choose to do. F．So how can you grasp the concept of “being in the now” while you travel? G．It is a good time to pay attention to your thoughts because it helps put things into perspective. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要说明了如何在旅行中“活在当下”。 1．解析　F　根据上文“They always say，‘There is no time like the present.’ And that is why ‘being in the now’ is important，especially when you travel.”可知，本句承接上文“活在当下”这个概念，同时引出下文关于如何“活在当下”的方法。故选F。 2．解析　C　根据后文“Lie in bed in your hotel room and stare into space.Enjoy the complete silence.Take note of how relaxed you already feel because you are not rushing to anywhere or trying to figure out how to get something done.”可知，本段主要介绍了通过安静地呆着活在当下。故选C。 3．解析　E　根据上文“People often confuse the terms ‘hear’ and ‘listen’．Hearing is receiving sounds by the ear，an act that simply happens.”可知，上文解释了“听见”，可知本句是在解释“倾听”。故E选项“然而，倾听是你有意识地选择去做的事情”符合语境，故选E。 4．解析　B　根据上文“Turn on the digital notepad on your smart phone，get a small notebook from the airport and write everything down during your holiday.At the end of your day，document what you did，where you went，how you got there，what you ate，who you met，etc.”可知，本段的建议是记录一切，上句提到“记下做了什么，去了哪里，怎么去的，吃了什么，见了谁”，本句对此进行总结：这些不需要花费太多时间，但却能留下美好的旅游记忆。故选B。 5．解析　G　根据上文“Your thoughts are louder than you think.They are just often drowned out by a garble of noises from your surroundings.Being on holiday is an excellent opportunity to pick at your own thoughts because you are removed from the noise and circumstances.”可知，上文提到旅游会让你远离喧嚣环境，本句为本段最后一句，故对这一做法进行总结评价，故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$