专题1 第2讲 第2节 推理判断题——于文有据不妄断(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

第2节　推理判断题——于文有据不妄断 [对应学生用书P12] 推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题，解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。 　隐含推断题——不被表意遮慧眼 有些推理判断题，可根据题干提供的信息，到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维，得出正确答案。 常见设问方式 技法点拨 注意题干中常用的五个动词：infer，indicate，imply，suggest (暗示)，conclude。 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①What can we learn about...? ②What can be inferred from ...? ③What can we infer from the text？ 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读C) Digital texts，audio and video all have educational roles，especially when providing resources not available in print.However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for，educators shouldn't assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为the author imply。 第二步　读原文 根据关键词定位信息句最后一段第一句首先谈到电子文本、饮品、视频能提供纸质文本无法提供的资源，但However后话锋一转，点明教育者不应假设所有媒体的作用都相同。 第三步　定答案 由信息句可推知，作者暗示纸质文本在教育中依然有着重要作用，无法被完全取代。 [参考答案]　C 　观点态度题——是褒是贬分辨清 作者写一篇文章，经常持有某种态度和情感等。观点和态度一般分为三类：支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文中的字里行间。解答此类题目应多注意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感情色彩的形容词或副词。 常见设问方式 作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①How does the author feel about ...? ②What does the author think of ...? ③What is the author's attitude towards/to ...？ 技法点拨 熟背常见选项： 　(2024·全国甲卷，阅读C) The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train's equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A．Appreciative.　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious. [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为“Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services”。 第二步　读原文 根据关键词定位信息句为最后一段中Ducke的话“I was very impressed”和“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 第三步　定答案 最后一段Ducke的话可知，Ducke对服务持赞扬、感激态度。 [参考答案]　A 　写作意图题——立足行文推意图 做推理判断题时，学生应对文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题，善于抓住文中的关键词或关键句，对文章的引申含义进行分析。整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来去把握写作意图，确定最佳结论。 常见设问方式 技法点拨 　　无论是文章的写作意图，还是某个段落或者细节的写作意图，都必定与文章主题相关，为文章主题服务。读首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨；然后由主旨来推断作者的写作意图；议论文、新闻报道、说明文等的主题句多在文首。 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①What is the main purpose of the text? ②What is the author's purpose of/in writing this passage? ③For what purpose did the author write the passage? ④The writer writes this passage in order to... 　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读B) Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time，and if the past is any indication，he may be right: Since 1982，membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That's my job.” 27．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber's point.　 B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为Why does the author mention。 第二步　读原文 根据关键词定位信息句为“Since 1982，membership ...has grown from 30 to over 700”。 第三步　定答案 关键句具体解释上文中的the past，所以作者提及该组织是为了证明冒号前所说的he may be right。 [参考答案]　A 　文章出处题、读者对象——“语言特色”是抓手 无论是“判定文章出处题”还是“判定读者对象题”，均需要品悟文章的语言特色，因为针对不同的写作目的，文章采用的语言风格是有明显不同的。 常见设问方式 技法点拨 　　文章出处或者类别题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和主题来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报刊、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章特点对号入座，选出最佳选项。 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①Where is this text most likely from? ②Where is this text probably taken from? ③The passage is probably intended for ________． 　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，阅读C) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists' representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. [解题导引] 第一步　看题干 确定题干中的关键词为“Where is the text taken from”。 第二步　读原文 定位文章内容尤其是第一句“Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”。 第三步　定答案 《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。 [参考答案]　A [对应学生用书P15] A (2024·辽宁沈阳高三模拟)A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last week recently received the gift of some old­fashioned Christmas cheer from “Santa Claus” (圣诞老人). In the spirit of Christmas，the Ferrum Volunteer Fire Department delivered presents to the family who lost their home and belongings in a house fire on Thursday. “It was a working structure fire and unfortunately the family lost everything.We as volunteers knew that we couldn't let this mom and her three kids go through Christmas without anything，” the fire station wrote on Facebook.“Yes，they're OK but it's Christmas，right？” The fire station officials delivered Christmas gifts to the mother and her three children the following day at the local church shelter they were staying at，and in photos posted on the site，the children appeared joyful. “We brought gifts and more gifts! The kids were overjoyed and very grateful，” the station said on its post. “They were very happy to see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brought the gifts in，” the department told USA TODAY.The kids received Barbies，Pokémon，artworks，remote control cars，blankets，clothes and shoes.The mother also received a gift card. The Facebook post was flooded with what seemed to be comments from community members touched by the generosity.“The best Christmas gifts are the ones you give! Thank you all for your wonderful service and your big hearts！” one user commented. “So thankful they are alright! We are truly blessed to live in such a giving and helping community，and our fire department and rescue teams are amazing! Great job! So proud！” another user wrote. [语篇解读]　新闻报道。本文主要讲述了弗吉尼亚州的一户人家在火灾中失去了一切，Ferrum志愿消防局给他们送上了圣诞礼物，这一行为在Facebook上收获了许多赞扬的故事。 1．What can we learn from the text? A．The Fire Department provided the family with shelter. B．The volunteers saved some belongings for the family. C．The family went through Christmas in sorrow. D．Receiving a Christmas gift is a traditional joy. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段“A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last week recently received the gift of some old­fashioned Christmas cheer from ‘Santa Claus’ (圣诞老人).”。第三段中的“Yes，they're OK but it's Christmas，right？”可推知，收到圣诞礼物是一种传统的乐事。故选D。 2．What's the comments' attitude towards the fire station? A．Ambiguous. B．Unconcerned. C．Appreciative. D．Sympathetic. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The Facebook post was flooded with what seemed to be comments from community members touched by the generosity.‘The best Christmas gifts are the ones you give! Thank you all for your wonderful service and your big hearts！’ one user commented.”和最后一段“‘So thankful they are alright! We are truly blessed to live in such a giving and helping community，and our fire department and rescue teams are amazing! Great job! So proud！’ another user wrote.”可推出，网上用户对消防局的做法非常欣赏(appreciative)。故选C。 3．How does the author develop his idea? A．By giving examples. B．By using quotation. C．By making comments. D．By analysing causes. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第三段、第五段、第六段中的“‘They were very happy to see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brought the gifts in，’ the department told USA TODAY.” 、倒数第二段中的“‘The best Christmas gifts are the ones you give! Thank you all for your wonderful service and your big hearts！’ one user commented.”、最后一段可知，作者在文章中主要通过引用别人话语的形式来展开想法。故选B。 4．What's the best title of this article? A．Firefighters or Santa Claus? B．Firefighters Safeguarded Us C．A Fire Brought Gifts D．Love Can Cure 解析　A　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和第二段可知，本文主要讲述了弗吉尼亚州的一户人家在火灾中失去了一切，Ferrum志愿消防局给他们送上了圣诞礼物，所以A项“消防员还是圣诞老人？”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 B (2024·山东济南期末)Why would anyone want to write a poem? One reason to write a poem is to dig from yourself some thought，feeling，comprehension or question that you didn't know was in you，or in the world.Other forms of writing，such as scientific papers，political analysis and journalism，attempt to record something known.Poetry is a release of something previously unknown. Poetry opens our eyes and offers increase of reach.We live so often on a lonely island，separated from ourselves and others due to social or personal reasons.To step into a poem is to agree to risk.Writing takes down all protections to see what steps forward.Poetry is a trick of language，in which the writer is both magician and audience.You reach your hand into the hat and surprise yourself with a rabbit or memory，with unusual verbs or rhymes.Poems lead to revolutions of being.Whatever the old order was，a poem will change it. What we want from art is whatever is missing from the lives we are living and making.Something is always missing，and so art­making is endless. There is also the matter of connection.You can't write an image，a metaphor (暗喻)，a story，a phrase without approaching the shared world，without recognizing that your supposed solitude (独处) is at every point touching some others.You can't read a good poem without recognizing your own face in the poet's experience.It allows us to feel more strongly and accurately what is already present.Then it expands that and expands us. Does art change anything by its existence or non­existence? I'd argue that art，if it is genuinely art，is a force for the good.That the rearrangement of words can reopen the potential of both inner and outer worlds — I cannot say why I feel this to be true，except that I feel it so when I read good poems. [语篇解读]　议论文。文章主要讲述了有人想要写诗的原因。 5．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting a saying. D．By making a comparison. 解析　D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“One reason to write a poem is to dig from yourself some thought，feeling，comprehension or question that you didn't know was in you，or in the world.”引出了主题。再由“Other forms of writing，such as scientific papers，political analysis and journalism，attempt to record something known.Poetry is a release of something previously unknown.”可知，通过将其他写作形式和诗歌进行比较，从而对前文写诗的原因进行具体阐述，由此可推测出，作者通过比较来介绍本文主题。 6．What is the similarity between poetry and magic? A．They bring surprises. B．They follow traditions. C．They change the world. D．They are arts of language. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Poetry is a trick of language，in which the writer is both magician and audience.You reach your hand into the hat and surprise yourself with a rabbit or memory，with unusual verbs or rhymes.”可知，写诗的人和魔术师很像，魔术师把手伸进帽子里变出兔子，而写诗的人用记忆、不同寻常的动词或押韵创造出新的东西，二者都可以带来惊喜。 7．What can a good poem do according to the text? A．Criticize social reality. B．Apply new expressions. C．Bridge poets and readers. D．Remind readers of the past. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There is also the matter of connection.”和“You can't read a good poem without recognizing your own face in the poet's experience.”可知，诗会创造出联系，读好诗的时候你会体验到作者的经历，由此可推测出，一首好诗会给诗人和读者创造桥梁，将诗人和读者联系起来。 8．What is the author's attitude towards art? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Does art change anything by its existence or non­existence? I'd argue that art，if it is genuinely art，is a force for the good.”可知，在提到艺术的作用时，作者认为真正的艺术是一种向善的力量，由此可推测出，作者对艺术持肯定态度。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$