专题16 主从复合句概述及主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解

主从复合句概述及主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 目录 一．主从复合句概述 2 二．名词性从句理解 2 三．主语从句 3 易错总结 4 主语从句专项训练 4 四．表语从句 5 表语从句专项训练 6 五．同位语从句 7 名词性从句综合练习 7 一．主从复合句概述 概念：从句其实就是用一个句子 替代了另一个句子中的某个句子成分，引导词置于从句的句首。 所有的从句都要用陈述语序。 引导词：疑问代词:who(whom,whose),what,which (主，宾，表，定) 疑问副词:when,where,why,how(状) 项目名称 三大从句引导词 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 主从 宾从 表从 同从 限制性 非限制性 9 大类连接词 引导词 分类 【总称】 连接词conj. :不做句子成分 that 无意义 whether/if 是否 时间 when,while,as,as soon as,before,since,until/till... 条件 if,unless(if not),in case... 原因 because,as,since,for... 连接代词pron.： 主，宾，表，定who(whom,whose)指人 what指物 which选择 关系代词： 主，宾，表，定 which指物 who(whom)指人 that指人或物 让步 although,though,even if,even though,while 结果 so...that...,too...to...,so that... 目的 in order that,so that... 连接副词adv.: 时状，地状，原状，方状 when 表时间 where 表地点 why 表原因 how 表方式 关系副词adv.： 时状，地状，原状 when 表时间 where 表地点 why 表原因 比较 than,as...as... 地点 where,wherever 方式 as if... 二．名词性从句理解 概念：用一个句子取代了名词所在的句子成分，那么这个句子就被以原有的成分命名。 the truth=that the Earth goes around the Sun. 1.The truth is the truth. 主语从句：That the Earth goes around the Sun is the truth. 主 系 表 主语从句 2.We know the truth. 宾语从句：We know that the Earth goes around the Sun. 主 谓 宾语 宾语从句 3.The truth is the truth. 表语从句：The truth is that the Earth goes around the Sun. 主 系 表 表语从句 4.We know the truth. 同位语从句：We know the truth that the Earth goes around the Sun. 主 谓 宾语 同位语 三．主语从句 在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分"。 主语 从句 引导词 从属连词：that,whether和if 只起连接作用，不作成分。 连接代词what,who,which 作主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词：when,where,why,how 作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式) It做形式主语 ①It+be+adj.+that从句 ②.It+be+n/名词词组+that从句 ③It+be+过去分词+that从句 ④.It+be+特殊动词/动词短语+that从句 1. 从属连词：在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。 1）that引导的主语从句：不作成分，没实际意义。一般情况that不省略。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don't like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不关我的事。 That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。 2）whether引导的主语从句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意；if一般不引导主语从句。 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.成功取决于你努力的程度。 2.连接代词： 在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, what, which Whom the letter was from is still unknown.这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。 What we should do with the problem is undecided.我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。 （what引导主语从句，不表疑问意义） 3.连接副词： 在从句中起副词的作用，常作从句的状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why等。 Why he did that wasn't quite clear.他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。 Where we can look up his address is still a problem.我们在哪儿可以查他的地址还是个难题。 易错总结 it代替主语从句作形式主语 that从句作主语通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。 1）It +系动词+形容词+that从句 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 形主 系 状 表语 主语从句做真正的主语 That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear. It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。 It is doubtful whether we can get there on time . 我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。 2）It +系动词+名词+that从句 常见的用于此结构的名词有：a pity（遗憾），a shame（遗憾，耻辱）， a fact（事实），an honor（荣耀），a wonder（奇迹），no wonder（难怪），good news（好消息）等。 It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.难怪你已取得了如此大的成功。 It's a pity that you didn’t attend their wedding .你没有参加他们的婚礼真是遗憾。 3）It+系动词+动词的过去分词+that从句 It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.据说在那次意外事故中没有乘客受伤。 It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已被顺利实施。 4）It + 特殊动词+ that从句 常用于这种结构的动词有：seem看上去,appear显得,happen碰巧,matter关系重大,turn out结果。 It seems to me that he objects to the plan.在我看来，他好像反对这个计划。 It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇见了一位老朋友。 主语从句专项训练 1. ______ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. = It is not clear _____ she bought so many dictionaries.不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。 2. ________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。 3. It’s a pity________ you can’t attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。 4. _________ we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided. 我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。 5. __________ breaks the law should be punished.不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 6. ________ made the school proud was___________more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 四．表语从句 表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主句的表语成分。 表语从句 表语从句是在主句中作表语的从句，常跟在be, look, seem等系动词后。 1. that, whether引导的表语从句 that, whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，不作任何成分；that无实义，whether意为“是否”。 The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.事实是我们应该依靠自己。 The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project.问题是我们能否降低这工程的支。 2. wh- 词和because引导的表语从句 wh- 词包括连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, why，how等，此类词大多表示疑问意义，偶尔表示陈述意义。because引导的表语从句表示陈述意义。 The question is how we can persuade him to go.问题是我们如何才能说服他去。 That was where we camped last time.那就是上次我们野营的地方。 3. as, as if, as though引导的表语从句 此类表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the back door.听上去好像有人在敲门。 You look just as you looked 10 years ago.你看上去和十年前完全一样。 I feel as though the house is shaking.我感到好像房子在晃动。 4. reason作主语时的表语从句 reason作主语时，其表语从句需用that引导，一般不用why或because引导。（但reason的定语从句常由why引起） The reason why I do sth. is that .... The reason why I like history so much is that it can not only enrich our knowledge but also open our eyes. The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。（why引导定语从句，the reason是先行词；that引导表语从句，the reason作主语） The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk.这次交通事故是司机酒后驾驶导致的。（that引导表语从句，the reason用作主语） 表语从句专项训练 1.The traditional view is___________we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so. A.when B. why C. whether D. that 2.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _________ I disagree. A.why B. where C. what D. how 3.— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ________ you had a few days off? A.why B. when C. what D. where 4. — Are you still thinking about yesterday' s game? — Oh, that ' s . A. what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 五．同位语从句 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。 1. that, whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether表示“是否”； 其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。 （引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略） We have proof that this man committed the crime.我们有证据证明是这个人犯的罪。 I have no idea why she quit her present job.我不知道她为什么辞职。 2.可跟同位语从句的名词： advice建议,belief信念,相信,doubt怀疑,explanation解释,fact事实, fear害怕,feeling感觉,hope希望,idea想法,主意news消息,possibility可能性,thought想法,wish愿望 question问题,promise答应,诺言,reply答复,suggestion建议,order命令,problem问题 I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他们什么时候回答定居。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这一个问题。 The problem why the earth is getting warmer and warmer is still under discussion. 地球为什么变得越来越暖这一问题仍在讨论之中。 名词性从句综合练习 一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句： 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 二、用适当的连词填空： 1. I can’t decide dictionary I should buy. 2. That’s he refused my invitation. 3. I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. we need is more time. 5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. and they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me you are waiting for. 8. Is that you are looking for? 9. Would you please tell me the nearest post office is? 10. I don’t know he will agree to the plan or not. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 主从复合句概述及主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 目录 一．主从复合句概述 2 二．名词性从句理解 2 三．主语从句 3 易错总结 4 主语从句专项训练 4 四．表语从句 5 表语从句专项训练 6 五．同位语从句 7 名词性从句综合练习 7 一．主从复合句概述 概念：从句其实就是用一个句子 替代了另一个句子中的某个句子成分，引导词置于从句的句首。 所有的从句都要用陈述语序。 引导词：疑问代词:who(whom,whose),what,which (主，宾，表，定) 疑问副词:when,where,why,how(状) 项目名称 三大从句引导词 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 主从 宾从 表从 同从 限制性 非限制性 9 大类连接词 引导词 分类 【总称】 连接词conj. :不做句子成分 that 无意义 whether/if 是否 时间 when,while,as,as soon as,before,since,until/till... 条件 if,unless(if not),in case... 原因 because,as,since,for... 连接代词pron.： 主，宾，表，定who(whom,whose)指人 what指物 which选择 关系代词： 主，宾，表，定 which指物 who(whom)指人 that指人或物 让步 although,though,even if,even though,while 结果 so...that...,too...to...,so that... 目的 in order that,so that... 连接副词adv.: 时状，地状，原状，方状 when 表时间 where 表地点 why 表原因 how 表方式 关系副词adv.： 时状，地状，原状 when 表时间 where 表地点 why 表原因 比较 than,as...as... 地点 where,wherever 方式 as if... 二．名词性从句理解 概念：用一个句子取代了名词所在的句子成分，那么这个句子就被以原有的成分命名。 the truth=that the Earth goes around the Sun. 1.The truth is the truth. 主语从句：That the Earth goes around the Sun is the truth. 主 系 表 主语从句 2.We know the truth. 宾语从句：We know that the Earth goes around the Sun. 主 谓 宾语 宾语从句 3.The truth is the truth. 表语从句：The truth is that the Earth goes around the Sun. 主 系 表 表语从句 4.We know the truth. 同位语从句：We know the truth that the Earth goes around the Sun. 主 谓 宾语 同位语 三．主语从句 在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分"。 主语 从句 引导词 从属连词：that,whether和if 只起连接作用，不作成分。 连接代词what,who,which 作主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词：when,where,why,how 作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式) It做形式主语 ①It+be+adj.+that从句 ②.It+be+n/名词词组+that从句 ③It+be+过去分词+that从句 ④.It+be+特殊动词/动词短语+that从句 1. 从属连词：在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。 1）that引导的主语从句：不作成分，没实际意义。一般情况that不省略。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don't like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不关我的事。 That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。 2）whether引导的主语从句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意；if一般不引导主语从句。 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.成功取决于你努力的程度。 2.连接代词： 在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, what, which Whom the letter was from is still unknown.这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。 What we should do with the problem is undecided.我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。 （what引导主语从句，不表疑问意义） 3.连接副词： 在从句中起副词的作用，常作从句的状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why等。 Why he did that wasn't quite clear.他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。 Where we can look up his address is still a problem.我们在哪儿可以查他的地址还是个难题。 易错总结 it代替主语从句作形式主语 that从句作主语通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。 1）It +系动词+形容词+that从句 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 形主 系 状 表语 主语从句做真正的主语 That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear. It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。 It is doubtful whether we can get there on time . 我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。 2）It +系动词+名词+that从句 常见的用于此结构的名词有：a pity（遗憾），a shame（遗憾，耻辱）， a fact（事实），an honor（荣耀），a wonder（奇迹），no wonder（难怪），good news（好消息）等。 It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.难怪你已取得了如此大的成功。 It's a pity that you didn’t attend their wedding .你没有参加他们的婚礼真是遗憾。 3）It+系动词+动词的过去分词+that从句 It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.据说在那次意外事故中没有乘客受伤。 It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已被顺利实施。 4）It + 特殊动词+ that从句 常用于这种结构的动词有：seem看上去,appear显得,happen碰巧,matter关系重大,turn out结果。 It seems to me that he objects to the plan.在我看来，他好像反对这个计划。 It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇见了一位老朋友。 主语从句专项训练 1. ______ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. = It is not clear _____ she bought so many dictionaries.不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。 2. ________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。 3. It’s a pity________ you can’t attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。 4. _________ we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided. 我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。 5. __________ breaks the law should be punished.不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 6. ________ made the school proud was___________more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 1. Why ;why 2. That 3. that 4. Whether 5. Whoever 6.B 【解析】第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语， 特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词 what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由，应用that引导对应的名词性从句。 四．表语从句 表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主句的表语成分。 表语从句 表语从句是在主句中作表语的从句，常跟在be, look, seem等系动词后。 1. that, whether引导的表语从句 that, whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，不作任何成分；that无实义，whether意为“是否”。 The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.事实是我们应该依靠自己。 The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project.问题是我们能否降低这工程的支。 2. wh- 词和because引导的表语从句 wh- 词包括连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, why，how等，此类词大多表示疑问意义，偶尔表示陈述意义。because引导的表语从句表示陈述意义。 The question is how we can persuade him to go.问题是我们如何才能说服他去。 That was where we camped last time.那就是上次我们野营的地方。 3. as, as if, as though引导的表语从句 此类表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the back door.听上去好像有人在敲门。 You look just as you looked 10 years ago.你看上去和十年前完全一样。 I feel as though the house is shaking.我感到好像房子在晃动。 4. reason作主语时的表语从句 reason作主语时，其表语从句需用that引导，一般不用why或because引导。（但reason的定语从句常由why引起） The reason why I do sth. is that .... The reason why I like history so much is that it can not only enrich our knowledge but also open our eyes. The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。（why引导定语从句，the reason是先行词；that引导表语从句，the reason作主语） The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk.这次交通事故是司机酒后驾驶导致的。（that引导表语从句，the reason用作主语） 表语从句专项训练 1.The traditional view is___________we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so. A.when B. why C. whether D. that 【答案】D 【解析】下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句， 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从 句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。 2.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _________ I disagree. A.why B. where C. what D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 下划线处的引导词引导系动词 is 后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语及物动词，(“I disagree本”身是完整的主谓结构 ），下划线应填入引导词 where， 表语从句 “ where I disagree的意” 思是 “我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方 ”。 3.— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ________ you had a few days off? A.why B. when C. what D. where 【答案】A 【解析】 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词 is 连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填 入表示 “因此 ⋯⋯”（指因某种原因所造成的结果 ）的引导词 why。 4. — Are you still thinking about yesterday' s game? — Oh, that ' s . A. what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 【答案】A 【解析】A 选项的意思是 “令我感觉激动的事物 ”； B 选项的意思是 “我觉得激动的任何事物 思是“我对它感觉的方式 ”； D选项的意思是 “令我感觉激动的时间 ”。四个选项中 A 最适合跟代表 that 对应， 充当表语从句 五．同位语从句 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。 1. that, whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether表示“是否”； 其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。 （引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略） We have proof that this man committed the crime.我们有证据证明是这个人犯的罪。 I have no idea why she quit her present job.我不知道她为什么辞职。 2.可跟同位语从句的名词： advice建议,belief信念,相信,doubt怀疑,explanation解释,fact事实, fear害怕,feeling感觉,hope希望,idea想法,主意news消息,possibility可能性,thought想法,wish愿望 question问题,promise答应,诺言,reply答复,suggestion建议,order命令,problem问题 I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他们什么时候回答定居。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这一个问题。 The problem why the earth is getting warmer and warmer is still under discussion. 地球为什么变得越来越暖这一问题仍在讨论之中。 名词性从句综合练习 一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句： 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 1.表语从句2.同位语从句3.不是4.主语从句5.同位语从句6.不是7.表语从句8.宾语从句 9.不是10.宾语从句 二、用适当的连词填空： 1. I can’t decide dictionary I should buy. 2. That’s he refused my invitation. 3. I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. we need is more time. 5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. and they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me you are waiting for. 8. Is that you are looking for? 9. Would you please tell me the nearest post office is? 10. I don’t know he will agree to the plan or not. 1.which 2.why 3. how 4.What 5.that 6.When、where7. what 8.whom 9.where 10.whether 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$