内容正文:
词性分类&句子成分&五种基本句型
目录
词性分类 1
句子成分 2
一、什么是句子? 2
二、句子的成分有哪些? 2
三.句子成分详解 2
1.主语 2
2.谓语 3
3.表语 4
4.宾语 5
5.补语 6
6.定语 7
7.状语 8
8.同位语 8
句子成分专项训练 8
四.五种基本句型 11
五种基本句型专项训练 11
词性分类
分类
名称
缩写
意义
知识点
实词
名词
n.
事物的名称。
可数不可数,单复数,所有格
动词
v.
动作或状态。
分类,时态,被动语态,非谓语动词
形容词
adj.
表示事物的性质或状态。
原级,比较级,最高级
副词
adv.
修饰动词或形容词,表示程度
原级,比较级,最高级
代词
pron.
指代上边提到过的词。
人称、物主、反身、不定代词
数词
num.
表示数量和顺序。
基数词和序数词
虚词
介词
prep.
表示时间、空间等逻辑关系。
时间、方位介词
连词
conj.
连接句子或短语的词。
并列连词和从属连词
冠词
art.
表泛指或特指。
定冠词和不定冠词
感叹词
int.
表示语气。
实词是可以做句子成分的,虚词表示逻辑关系。
句子成分:句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。
句子成分(主、谓、宾、补、定、状、*同)
基本成分:主,谓,宾(补,同)
修饰成分:定,状
句子成分
一、什么是句子?
句子是由词按照一定的语法规律组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.
注意:句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.? !
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
She is a student.
二、句子的成分有哪些?
英语句子的基本成分有 种:分别是:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(Appositive)
三.句子成分详解
1.主语
全句的主体,是谓语 动作的执行者。
常用名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等充当充当主语。主语一般在 。
We work in a big factory.
The classroom is very big.
Three are enough.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
What we need is food.
拓展:
(1)“There be …”句型中,主语在 be 。
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
(2)在个别句型中,It 在句首作 , 真正的主语在 。
It is our duty to protect the environment.
It’s a pity that he didn’t come.
(2023·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考一模)There is no one singing in the classroom.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.状语
2.谓语
由 动词 或 动词短语 构成,存在时态、语态和人称和数的变化。
必须和主语在 人称 和 数 两方面一致(主谓一致)。
谓语一般在 主语之后 之后,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。
They are teachers.
Mr. Potts was laughed at by his colleagues.
He can speak English.
The children carried school bags .
I don't like the picture on the wall.
总结;谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作
谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化, 随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有不同的形式:
动词:They planted many trees on the hill .
情态动词+动词:May I come in?
系动词+表语:I am a teacher.
助动词+动词:I don’t speak English.
注意:在每一个正确的句子中都必须存在“谓语”部分。
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Tom succeeded in passing the important exam.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.谓语
2.(2022·四川内江·四川省内江市第二中学校联考一模)You can’t imagine what a terrible weekend I had.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.谓语
3.表语
位于 系动词 之后,说明主语是什么,或怎么样;常由形容词、副词、名词、代词等充当。
划出下列句子的表语
The leaves turn yellow. My father is a teacher.
Everyone is here. They are at the theater.
My hope is to travel around the world. Her job is training the nurses.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)
系动词 表保持(keep, stay, remain)
表改变(get, become,turn)
感官动词(feel,sound (听起来) , seem/look (看起来) , taste (尝起来) , smell (闻起来)。
如:
It sounds interesting.
We should all remain careful.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)He always feels sad about his wife’s death.
A.谓语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
2.(2022·四川内江·校考三模)You must keep quiet in the school library.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语
4.宾语
是 动作的接受者 ; 和谓语(及物动词)一起说明 主语做了什么 ; 通常在谓语动词之后;由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。
She plays the piano every day.
He often helps me.
The boy admitted making a mistake.
She likes to have a rest this afternoon.
I think that he is a good guy
拓展:直接宾语和间接宾语
有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语,分为间接宾语 和直接宾语 ;
We brought them some food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
He gave me a gift.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
若先说直接宾语,后说间接宾语,必须借助介词 to 或 for:
We bought some food for them.
He showed how to run the machine to us.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Mary considers going on a trip to the UK during the summer vacation.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语
2.(2022·四川内江·校考三模)Paul regrets missing the wonderful football match.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
3.(2022·四川内江·四川省内江市第二中学校联考一模)Thank you very much for providing us with food and living places.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语
4.(2023·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考二模)My grandma bought me a new schoolbag yesterday.
A.主语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语
5.补语
有些句子中的某些成分不能表达完整的意思, 还必须在相应成分后加上补足语, 句意才完整。
能够作补语的有:代词, 形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 不定式, -ing形式和过去分词等。
We found John out when we arrived.
Tom was made monitor.
Make yourself at home.
I am sure to succeed.
The boss keeps them working all day.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Lisa’s boss made her finish the work in an hour.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.定语
6.定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词.
形容词,代词,数词,名词,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.
The black bike is mine.
What’s your name?
A broken vase.
A sleeping boy.
I have 5 books.
They made paper flowers.
The boy in the room is Jack.
It is a swimming pool
1.(2023·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考一模)Jenny is one of the liveliest girls in our group.
A.状语 B.补语 C.表语 D.定语
2.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received.
A.宾语 B.定语 C.主语 D.表语
3.(2022·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考二模)The boys playing football are my friends.
A.谓语 B.定语 C.宾补 D.宾语
7.状语
状语用来修饰动词,形容词、副词或整个句子。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
He is writing with a pen.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考三模)You’d better wear more clothes because it’s cold outside.
A.定语 B.状语 C.谓语 D.表语
8.同位语
对句中某一成分作进一步解释或补充说明, 与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。 同位语常置于被说明词之后。
My friend lily invited me to take a walk.
They are beautiful girls, my students.
They three join the music club
句子成分专项训练
一、单项选择
1.(2022·四川内江·统考中考真题)We feel proud that our team has won every game this year.
A.表语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
2.(2021·甘肃武威·统考中考真题)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “Susan walks to school every day.”?
A.“Susan” B.“walks to” C.“school” D.“every day”
3.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)It is our duty to protect the environment.
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.形式主语 D.真正主语
4.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)The food in the restaurant is delicious.
A.表语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.谓语
5.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)I visited the zoo last Sunday.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语
6.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)I bought my mother some flowers on Mother's Day.
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.表语 D.状语
7.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)The quiet music makes me relax.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.定语
二、指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分,从A、B、C、D中选出正确答案,并在机读卡上将该项涂黑。
1.It’s getting colder and colder these days.
A.表语 B.定语 C.状语 D.宾语
2.There are some volunteers in the park.
A.表语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
3.I go to the movies once a week.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
4.It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.
A.形式主语 B.直接宾语
C.间接宾语 D.真正主语
5.We’d like more students to join the story telling club.
A.状语 B.直接宾语 C.宾语补助语 D.谓语
四.五种基本句型
句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(vi.) We work hard.
2.主语+谓语( vt.)+宾语 Tom bought a new book.
3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 They offer me a job.
4.主语+系动词+表语 Great talkers are little doers.
5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补 He made me go home.
五种基本句型专项训练
一.选择填空
1.(2023·甘肃张掖·校联考一模)What is the sentence pattern of “I like bananas.”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
2.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)The sentence structure of “We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+O
3.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)— Do you know the sentence structure of “They painted the walls blue”?
— Yes, it is ________.
A.S+V+DO+OC B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O
4.(2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “His mother is cooking now.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V
5.(2022·甘肃酒泉·统考一模)What is the sentence pattern of “The food tastes delicious.”? ________
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
6.(2022·甘肃天水·校考模拟预测)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “James will arrive next week.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
7.(2022·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测)“I bought a toy car yesterday.” The sentence structure is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC
8.(2022·甘肃陇南·校考模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “William bought a beautiful tie yesterday because it is his father’s birthday today.” is ________ .
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
9.(2022·江苏宿迁·校考二模)The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English at school.” is ________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
10.(2022·甘肃武威·统考二模)The sentence pattern of “We often clean the windows.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC
11.(2022·江苏扬州·统考二模)The sentence structure of “People call Gaoyou the Stamp Town. ” is________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
1.(2022·江苏泰州·统考一模)A China Eastern Airlines aircraft crashed and 132 people lost their lives, (include) nine crew members.
2.(2022·云南曲靖·统考一模)I did very in my exam, so I must try hard. (bad)
3.(2022·上海·统考一模)The new pair of glasses me to see the words on the blackboard clearly. (able)
4.(2022·上海嘉定·统考一模)We admired the engineer because he could the machine expertly. (operation)
5.(2022·上海崇明·统考一模)The law can students to have more free time to play. (able)
6.(2021·江苏盐城·校考一模)She has lots of , but she chose none at last. (choose)
7.(2021·江苏盐城·校考一模)I read books every day to make (me) better and learn more about the world.
8.(2021·江苏扬州·统考二模)You may find the famous building in the part of our city. (east)
9.(2021·吉林长春·统考二模)I (real) like to eat some salad and eggs to stay healthy.
10.(2021·江苏泰州·统考二模)—Where is my English dictionary, Rose?
—Oh, sorry! I lent it to Tony yesterday, but he (not give) it back yet.
11.(2020·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)为了保持健康,我们最好一周运动至少三次。
To keep healthy, we had better exercise three times a week.
12.(2021·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题)毫无疑问,中国现在更加擅长制造高科技产品。
, China is much better at making high-technology products now.
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词性分类&句子成分&五种基本句型
目录
词性分类 1
句子成分 2
一、什么是句子? 2
二、句子的成分有哪些? 2
三.句子成分详解 2
1.主语 2
2.谓语 3
3.表语 4
4.宾语 5
5.补语 6
6.定语 7
7.状语 8
8.同位语 8
句子成分专项训练 8
四.五种基本句型 11
五种基本句型专项训练 11
词性分类
分类
名称
缩写
意义
知识点
实词
名词
n.
事物的名称。
可数不可数,单复数,所有格
动词
v.
动作或状态。
分类,时态,被动语态,非谓语动词
形容词
adj.
表示事物的性质或状态。
原级,比较级,最高级
副词
adv.
修饰动词或形容词,表示程度
原级,比较级,最高级
代词
pron.
指代上边提到过的词。
人称、物主、反身、不定代词
数词
num.
表示数量和顺序。
基数词和序数词
虚词
介词
prep.
表示时间、空间等逻辑关系。
时间、方位介词
连词
conj.
连接句子或短语的词。
并列连词和从属连词
冠词
art.
表泛指或特指。
定冠词和不定冠词
感叹词
int.
表示语气。
实词是可以做句子成分的,虚词表示逻辑关系。
句子成分:句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。
句子成分(主、谓、宾、补、定、状、*同)
基本成分:主,谓,宾(补,同)
修饰成分:定,状
句子成分
一、什么是句子?
句子是由词按照一定的语法规律组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.
注意:句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.? !
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
She is a student.
二、句子的成分有哪些?
英语句子的基本成分有 八 种:分别是:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(Appositive)
三.句子成分详解
1.主语
全句的主体,是谓语 动作的执行者。
常用名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等充当充当主语。主语一般在 句首 。
We work in a big factory.
The classroom is very big.
Three are enough.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
What we need is food.
拓展:
(1)“There be …”句型中,主语在 be动词之后 。
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
(2)在个别句型中,It 在句首作 形式主语 , 真正的主语在 句子后面 。
It is our duty to protect the environment.
It’s a pity that he didn’t come.
(2023·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考一模)There is no one singing in the classroom.
A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.状语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:教室里没有人唱歌。
考查句子结构。“there be ...”句型是存在句的常用基本结构,there在句中处于主语位置,起形式主语的作用,真正的主语是随后的名词词组“no one”。故选B。
2.谓语
由 动词 或 动词短语 构成,存在时态、语态和人称和数的变化。
必须和主语在 人称 和 数 两方面一致(主谓一致)。
谓语一般在 主语之后 之后,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。
They are teachers.
Mr. Potts was laughed at by his colleagues.
He can speak English.
The children carried school bags .
I don't like the picture on the wall.
总结;谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作
谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化, 随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有不同的形式:
动词:They planted many trees on the hill .
情态动词+动词:May I come in?
系动词+表语:I am a teacher.
助动词+动词:I don’t speak English.
注意:在每一个正确的句子中都必须存在“谓语”部分。
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Tom succeeded in passing the important exam.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.谓语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:汤姆成功地通过了重要的考试。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,这里的succeeded是谓语动词。因此是谓语。故选D。
2.(2022·四川内江·四川省内江市第二中学校联考一模)You can’t imagine what a terrible weekend I had.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.谓语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你无法想象我过了一个多么糟糕的周末。
考查句子成分分析。根据“can’t imagine”可知,在此句中作谓语成分;故选D。
3.表语
位于 系动词 之后,说明主语是什么,或怎么样;常由形容词、副词、名词、代词等充当。
划出下列句子的表语
The leaves turn yellow. My father is a teacher.
Everyone is here. They are at the theater.
My hope is to travel around the world. Her job is training the nurses.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)
系动词 表保持(keep, stay, remain)
表改变(get, become,turn)
感官动词(feel,sound (听起来) , seem/look (看起来) , taste (尝起来) , smell (闻起来)。
如:
It sounds interesting.
We should all remain careful.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)He always feels sad about his wife’s death.
A.谓语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他对妻子的死总是感到难过。分析句子结构可知,这里的sad作feel的表语。故选B。
2.(2022·四川内江·校考三模)You must keep quiet in the school library.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你必须在学校图书馆保持安静。
考查句子成分。you作主语;must keep作谓语;quiet作表语;in the school library作状语,故选B。
4.宾语
是 动作的接受者 ; 和谓语(及物动词)一起说明 主语做了什么 ; 通常在谓语动词之后;由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。
She plays the piano every day.
He often helps me.
The boy admitted making a mistake.
She likes to have a rest this afternoon.
I think that he is a good guy
拓展:直接宾语和间接宾语
有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语,分为间接宾语 和直接宾语 ;
We brought them some food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
He gave me a gift.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
若先说直接宾语,后说间接宾语,必须借助介词 to 或 for:
We bought some food for them.
He showed how to run the machine to us.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Mary considers going on a trip to the UK during the summer vacation.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:玛丽考虑暑假去英国旅行。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,Mary作主语;considers作谓语;going on a trip to the UK作宾语;during the summer vacation作状语,故选C。
2.(2022·四川内江·校考三模)Paul regrets missing the wonderful football match.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:保罗后悔错过了精彩的足球比赛。
考查句子的成分。分析句子成分可知,Paul是主语,regrets是谓语,故划线部分为宾语。故选A。
3.(2022·四川内江·四川省内江市第二中学校联考一模)Thank you very much for providing us with food and living places.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:非常感谢你们为我们提供食物和生活场所。
考查句子成分。根据“for”可知,其后是动名词作介词的宾语;故选C。
4.(2023·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考二模)My grandma bought me a new schoolbag yesterday.
A.主语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我奶奶昨天给我买了一个新书包。
考查句子成分。由句中“bought”知,此处用结构“buy sb. sth.”,句中“me”作间接宾语,“a new schoolbag”为直接宾语,故选C。
5.补语
有些句子中的某些成分不能表达完整的意思, 还必须在相应成分后加上补足语, 句意才完整。
能够作补语的有:代词, 形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 不定式, -ing形式和过去分词等。
We found John out when we arrived.
Tom was made monitor.
Make yourself at home.
I am sure to succeed.
The boss keeps them working all day.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Lisa’s boss made her finish the work in an hour.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.定语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:丽莎的老板让她在一小时内完成了工作。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,finish the work作made的宾补。故选C。
6.定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词.
形容词,代词,数词,名词,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.
The black bike is mine.
What’s your name?
A broken vase.
A sleeping boy.
I have 5 books.
They made paper flowers.
The boy in the room is Jack.
It is a swimming pool
1.(2023·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考一模)Jenny is one of the liveliest girls in our group.
A.状语 B.补语 C.表语 D.定语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:珍妮是我们组里最活泼的女孩之一。
考查句子成分。根据“Jenny is one of the liveliest girls”可知,此处划线部分在句中作定语,修饰名词girls。故选D。
2.(2022·四川内江·校考二模)Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received.
A.宾语 B.定语 C.主语 D.表语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:谢谢,妈妈。这是我收到的最好的礼物。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,这里的“I have ever received.”是定语从句,在句子中作定语。故选B。
3.(2022·四川内江·四川省内江市第六中学校考二模)The boys playing football are my friends.
A.谓语 B.定语 C.宾补 D.宾语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:踢足球的男孩是我的朋友。
考查句子成分,The boys作主语;playing football现在分词短语,作定语修饰主语;are为谓语; my friends为宾语,故选B。
7.状语
状语用来修饰动词,形容词、副词或整个句子。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
He is writing with a pen.
1.(2022·四川内江·校考三模)You’d better wear more clothes because it’s cold outside.
A.定语 B.状语 C.谓语 D.表语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你最好多穿点衣服,因为外面很冷。该句划线部分是作状语。
考查句子成分。划线部分outside“在外面”,是副词,在句中作状语成分。故选B。
8.同位语
对句中某一成分作进一步解释或补充说明, 与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。 同位语常置于被说明词之后。
My friend lily invited me to take a walk.
They are beautiful girls, my students.
They three join the music club
句子成分专项训练
一、单项选择
1.(2022·四川内江·统考中考真题)We feel proud that our team has won every game this year.
A.表语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们队今年每一场比赛都赢了,我们为此感到自豪。
考查句子成分。根据“We feel proud that our team has won every game this year.”可知,本句We作主语;feel为系动词;proud为形容词,作表语。故选A。
2.(2021·甘肃武威·统考中考真题)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “Susan walks to school every day.”?
A.“Susan” B.“walks to” C.“school” D.“every day”
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“苏珊每天步行上学”这个句子的动词是哪一部分?
考查句子成分。Susan 是主语;walks to是动词;school是名词;every day是时间状语。所以“Susan walks to school every day.” 这个句子的动词是walks to。故选B。
3.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)It is our duty to protect the environment.
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.形式主语 D.真正主语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:保护环境是我们的责任。
结合句意和语境可知,这是It作形式主语的句型,句中的动词不定式to protect the environment是真正的主语;当作主语的动词不定式(短语)较长时,通常置于句末。故选D。
4.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)The food in the restaurant is delicious.
A.表语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.谓语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:餐厅的食物很美味。
考查句子成分。The food是句子的主语;in the restaurant作定语修饰前面的名词 the food;is是系动词,分析划线部分可知,此处构成系表结构,用于be动词后作表语。故选A。
5.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)I visited the zoo last Sunday.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我上周日参观了动物园。
考查句子成分。划线部分visited是动词,用于句中作谓语。故选B。
6.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)I bought my mother some flowers on Mother's Day.
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.表语 D.状语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:母亲节我给我的妈妈买了一些花。
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,此处构成“buy sb sth”结构,划线部分my mother指人,用于句中作间接宾语。故选B。
7.(2020·四川内江·统考中考真题)The quiet music makes me relax.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.定语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:轻音乐让我放松。
考查句子成分。分析划线部分可知,此处构成“make sb do”结构,relax用于句中作宾语补足语。故选C。
二、指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分,从A、B、C、D中选出正确答案,并在机读卡上将该项涂黑。
1.It’s getting colder and colder these days.
A.表语 B.定语 C.状语 D.宾语
2.There are some volunteers in the park.
A.表语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
3.I go to the movies once a week.
A.宾语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
4.It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.
A.形式主语 B.直接宾语
C.间接宾语 D.真正主语
5.We’d like more students to join the story telling club.
A.状语 B.直接宾语 C.宾语补助语 D.谓语
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A
【解析】1.句意:这段时间天气变的越来越凉。
本题考查的是形容词作表语的用法。句子谓语动词get(变得……)是连系动词,后接形容词作表语,构成系表结构,因此A符合题目要求,故答案选A。
2.句意:在公园里有一些志愿者。
“there be+名词+介词短语”固定句式,是倒装句,在这个句式中,there be后面的名词是主语,故答案选C。
3.句意:我每周看一次电影。
本题考查的是状语的用法。分析:句子的主语是I;谓语动词是go to the movies;once a week(每周一次)是时间状语,表示频率,故答案选B。
4.句意:在绘画比赛中给安娜颁奖是公平的。
It is+形容词+to do sth.是固定句式,意为“做某事是……”,在这个句式中,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以to give Anna the prize in the painting competition作真正的主语,故答案选D。
5.句意:我们想要更多的学生加入讲故事俱乐部。
本题考查动词不定式作状语的相关知识。分析:题干句的主语是We;谓语动词是would like; 宾语是more students;句尾的动词不定式短语to join the story telling club是目的状语,故答案选A。
四.五种基本句型
句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(vi.) We work hard.
2.主语+谓语( vt.)+宾语 Tom bought a new book.
3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 They offer me a job.
4.主语+系动词+表语 Great talkers are little doers.
5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补 He made me go home.
五种基本句型专项训练
一.选择填空
1.(2023·甘肃张掖·校联考一模)What is the sentence pattern of “I like bananas.”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“I like bananas.”这句话句子结构是什么?
考查句型结构划分。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。“I like bananas.”中I为主语,like为谓语,bananas为宾语,是“主谓宾”结构,即S+V+O,故选B。
2.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)The sentence structure of “We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+O
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。
考查基本句型。We 是主语S,call是谓语动词V;Gaoyou是直接宾语DO;the Stamp Town.是宾语补足语OC。故选C。
3.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)— Do you know the sentence structure of “They painted the walls blue”?
— Yes, it is ________.
A.S+V+DO+OC B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你知道“They painted the walls blue”这个的句子结构吗? ——知道,它是“S+V+DO+OC”结构。考查句子结构。分析句子“They painted the walls blue”可知,They为主语,painted为谓语,the walls为宾语,blue为宾语补足语,所以该句的结构为“S+V+DO+OC”,故选A。
4.(2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “His mother is cooking now.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+O C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V
【答案】D
【详解】句意:“他的妈妈正在做饭。”的句型是S+V。S+V+P主系表;S+V+O主谓宾;S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补;S+V主谓。“his mother”是主语,即S;“is cooking”是谓语,即V,所以句型是S+V。故选D。
5.(2022·甘肃酒泉·统考一模)What is the sentence pattern of “The food tastes delicious.”? ________
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“The food tastes delicious.”这个句子是什么结构?
考查基本句型。S+V主谓;S+V+O主谓宾;S+V+P主系表;S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。“the food”是主语,“tastes”是系动词,“delicious”是形容词,做表语。故选C。
6.(2022·甘肃天水·校考模拟预测)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “James will arrive next week.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“James will arrive next week.”这句话的句型是什么?
考查句型。James作主语,will arrive作谓语,next week作时间状语。本句句型是“S+V”,故选C。
7.(2022·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测)“I bought a toy car yesterday.” The sentence structure is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“昨天我买了一个玩具车”的句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”。
考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语;S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。I为主语;bought为谓语;a toy car是宾语。故选B。
8.(2022·甘肃陇南·校考模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “William bought a beautiful tie yesterday because it is his father’s birthday today.” is ________ .
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“威廉昨天买了一条漂亮的领带,因为今天是他爸爸的生日。”是“主谓宾”结构。
考查句子结构。这是一个because引导的原因状语从句,主句“William bought a beautiful tie yesterday”中,William是主语,bought是谓语;a beautiful tie是宾语,故选A。
9.(2022·江苏宿迁·校考二模)The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English at school.” is ________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“张先生在学校教我们英语”的句子结构是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”。
考查句子结构。Mr Zhang作主语,teaches作谓语,us作间接宾语,English作直接宾语,at school作地点状语。故选B。
10.(2022·甘肃武威·统考二模)The sentence pattern of “We often clean the windows.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“我们经常擦窗户”这个句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。
考查基本句型。We为主语,即S;clean为谓语,即V;the windows为宾语,即O。故选A。
11.(2022·江苏扬州·统考二模)The sentence structure of “People call Gaoyou the Stamp Town. ” is________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“人们称高邮为邮票镇”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
考查基本句型。people为主语,即S;call为谓语动词,即V;Gaoyou为直接宾语,即DO;the Stamp Town为宾语补足语,即OC,对宾语进行补充说明。故选B。
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
1.(2022·江苏泰州·统考一模)A China Eastern Airlines aircraft crashed and 132 people lost their lives, (include) nine crew members.
【答案】including
【详解】句意:中国东方航空公司一架飞机坠毁,132人丧生,其中包括9名机组人员。include动词,意为“包含,包括”,其介词形式为including,通常放在逗号后面。根据“132 people lost their lives, ... nine crew members.”可知,此处是介词短语作状语,故填including。
2.(2022·云南曲靖·统考一模)I did very in my exam, so I must try hard. (bad)
【答案】badly
【详解】句意:我考试考得很差,所以我必须努力。结合成分分析和提示词可知,此空应填形容词bad对应的副词“badly(差)”作状语修饰动词“did”,意为“做得差”。故填badly。
3.(2022·上海·统考一模)The new pair of glasses me to see the words on the blackboard clearly. (able)
【答案】enables
【详解】句意:这副新眼镜使我能清楚地看到黑板上的字。分析成分可知,此空应填形容词“able”对应的动词“enable(使能够)”作谓语;根据语境可知,此句为事实陈述,时态应用一般现在时,主语“The new pair of glasses”为单数,谓语动词enable也应用其单数形式enables。故填enables。
4.(2022·上海嘉定·统考一模)We admired the engineer because he could the machine expertly. (operation)
【答案】operate
【详解】句意:我们钦佩这位工程师,因为他能熟练地操作机器。operation“运转”,用作名词;设空处作谓语需用动词,operate表示“操作/运转”,符合语境;情态动词could后接原形动词,故填operate。
5.(2022·上海崇明·统考一模)The law can students to have more free time to play. (able)
【答案】enable
【详解】句意:法律可以使学生有更多的自由时间去玩。able表示“能够的”,用作形容词;本句缺谓语动词,需用able的动词形式enable“使能够”;情态动词can后接原形动词,故填enable。
6.(2021·江苏盐城·校考一模)She has lots of , but she chose none at last. (choose)
【答案】choices
【详解】句意:她有很多选择,但最后什么也没选。根据“lots of”可知,此空需要名词形式;结合所给单词choose,其名词形式choice,而且是可数名词,所以此空用名词复数形式。故填choices。
7.(2021·江苏盐城·校考一模)I read books every day to make (me) better and learn more about the world.
【答案】myself
【详解】句意:我每天都读书是为了让自己变得更好,更多地了解世界。结合句意可知,读书的目的是让自己变得更好,因此需要使用反身代词,me对应的反身代词是myself。故填myself。
8.(2021·江苏扬州·统考二模)You may find the famous building in the part of our city. (east)
【答案】eastern
【详解】句意:你可以在我们城市的东部找到那座著名的建筑。根据“part”一词可知,需要形容词修饰名词,结合英文提示可知,east的形容词形式是eastern。故填eastern。
9.(2021·吉林长春·统考二模)I (real) like to eat some salad and eggs to stay healthy.
【答案】really
【详解】句意:我真的很喜欢吃沙拉和鸡蛋来保持健康。结合句意和成分分析可知,此空应填形容词real对应的副词really修饰动词“like(喜欢)”,意为“真的很喜欢”。故填really。
10.(2021·江苏泰州·统考二模)—Where is my English dictionary, Rose?
—Oh, sorry! I lent it to Tony yesterday, but he (not give) it back yet.
【答案】hasn’t given
【详解】句意:——罗斯,我的英语词典在哪里?——哦,对不起!我昨天把它借给托尼了,但他还没有还。结合语境和“yet”可知,此处时态应用现在完成时,其构成为“have/has done”;主语为“he”,助动词应用has,其否定形式为hasn’t,give的过去分词形式为given。故填hasn’t given。
11.(2020·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)为了保持健康,我们最好一周运动至少三次。
To keep healthy, we had better exercise three times a week.
【答案】at least
【详解】根据语意可知,at least至少,副词性介词短语,在句中作状语。故填at least。
12.(2021·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题)毫无疑问,中国现在更加擅长制造高科技产品。
, China is much better at making high-technology products now.
【答案】Undoubtedly/Without doubt
【详解】空处缺“毫无疑问”的表达,且在句中作状语,可以用副词undoubtedly或介词短语without doubt表示,句首首字母大写。故填Undoubtedly/Without doubt。
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