10. 2025年高一英语寒假作业 单词复习+习题精做 每天80分钟 （十）必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions 学习测试版+答案解析版

第1部分 巩固提升 必修第一册 2025高一寒假作业 每天80分钟 （一） 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 必修 第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 必修 第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. Confucius n. 孔子 2. mansion n. 公馆；宅第 3. cemetery n. 墓地；公墓 4. philosophy n. 哲学 5. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙 6. heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟 7. Achilles’ heel (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 8. kingdom n. 王国；领域 9. currency n. 通货；货币 10. military adj. 军事的；军用的 11. landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景 12. ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先 13. courtyard n. 庭院；院子 14. county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县 15. feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日 16. cattle n. 牛 17. scent n. 气味；气息 18. stew n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt. & vi. 炖；煨 19. sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的 20. transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人 2. chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 3. nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近 4. conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制 5. battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗 6. port n. 港口(城市) 7. charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电 8. amount n. 金额；数量 9. gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 10. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 11. ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保 12. butter n. 黄油；奶油 vt. 涂黄油于 13. honey n. 蜂蜜 14. position n. 位置；姿态；职位 15. snack n. 点心；小吃 16. roll vi. & vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚 17. dot n. 点；小(圆)点 vt. 加点；遍布 18. roar vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮 19. ocean n. 大海；海洋 20. pub n. 酒吧；酒馆 21. wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒 22. beer n. (一杯)啤酒 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj. 令人困惑的→puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 2. belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应→belonging n. [U]归属；[pl. ]动产，财物 3. defence n. 防御；保卫→defend v. 防御；保卫→defensive adj. 防御的；保护的 4. legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的→legally adv. 法律上地 5. surround vt. 围绕；包围→surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的→surroundings n. 环境 6. evidence n. 证据；证明→evident adj. 明显的 7. achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt. 达到；实现 8. location n. 地方；地点；位置→locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→located adj. 坐落于；位于 9. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v. 使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj. 着迷的 10. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称→announcement n. 宣布；通知→announcer n. 广播员；解说员 11. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方 12. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 热切；渴望 13. poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗歌→poetry n. 诗歌(总称) 14. greet vt. 问候；迎接→greeting n. 问候；致意 15. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n. 顾客→customs n. 海关 16. striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的→strike vt. 打击；攻击；打动 n. 罢工 17. crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj. 拥挤的 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来 2. break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱 3. belong to属于 4. as well as同(一样也)；和；还 5. keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意 6. add. . . to. . . 把……添加到……中 7. refer to谈到；查阅；指的是 8. take over接收；接管 9. leave behind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留 10. have a great influence on对……有极大影响 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. (what引导的宾语从句) 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。 2. So what is the difference between them，if any？(if的省略结构) 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ 3. They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. (过去分词短语作后置定语) 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。 4. They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. (have sth done) 他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。 5. If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. (if引导的条件状语从句) 如果你留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。 6. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. (with的复合结构) “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 7. With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. (It is＋adj. ＋that. . . ) 乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。 晨检得分 _______/________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. mansion n. ____________________ 2. philosophy n. ____________________ 3. descendant n. ____________________ 4. heel n. ____________________ 5. currency n. ____________________ 6. military adj. ____________________ 7. landscape n. ____________________ 8. ancestor n. ____________________ 9. sensory adj. ____________________ 10. transition n. ____________________ Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. _______________ adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人 2. _______________ adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 3. _______________ vt. 占领；征服；控制 4. _______________ n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗 5. _______________ n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电 6. _______________ n. 金额；数量 7. _______________ n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 8. _______________ n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 9. _______________ vt. 保证；确保；担保 10. _______________ vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2. 5分，共15分) 1. _______________ adj. 法律的；合法的→_______________ adj. 不合法的→_______________ adv. 法律上地 2. _______________ n. 地方；地点；位置→_______________ vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→_______________ adj. 坐落于；位于 3. _______________ adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→_______________ n. 慷慨；大方 4. _______________ adj. 热切的；渴望的→_______________ adv. 热心地；急切地→_______________ n. 热切；渴望 5. _______________ vt. 问候；迎接→_______________ n. 问候；致意 6. _______________ n. 风俗；习俗；习惯→_______________ n. 顾客→_______________ n. 海关 Ⅳ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. ____________________把……和……连接或联结起来 2. ____________________属于 3. ____________________同(一样也)；和；还 4. ____________________ 留心；留意 5. ____________________ 对……有极大影响 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1. That was really a _______________ problem；no wonder the architect looked _______________. (puzzle) 2. We must take some _______________ measures to _______________ our country against invasion. (defence) 3. _______________ by trees and flowers，the _______________ of the cottage are quite beautiful. (surround) 4. The _______________ softly _______________ the result，but the _______________ made me shocked. (announce) 5. It was apparent that the boy was _______________ by her _______________ voice. (fascinate) 6. I love _______________，especially the _______________ written by the most famous _______________—Li Bai. (poet) 7. The meeting room is quite _______________，with a lot of people _______________ in it. (crowd) 8. It is _______________ that the man will be sentenced to prison with the newly-found _______________. (evident) 9. Although he lives here，all the _______________ in the house don’t _______________ to him. (belong) 10. The scientist finally _______________ his goal and made striking _______________. (achieve) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____________________ his notes. 2. By opening a novel，I can ____________________ my burdens and enter into a wonderful world. 3. He grabbed her，but she succeeded in ____________________ him. 4. What made us excited was that my brother had ____________________ the job as a manager. 5. As we all know，rude words only ____________________ fuel ____________________ the emotional fire. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 我脸上火辣辣的，我为我对你所做的事情感到羞愧。(读后续写之心理描写)(what引导的宾语从句) With my face burning，I was ashamed of _____________________________________. 2. 欢迎任何对这部电影感兴趣的人到位于第三教学楼第一层的学校演讲大厅。(过去分词短语作后置定语) Anyone who is keen on the film is welcome to the school’s lecture hall ______________________________ ____________________________. 3. 他修房顶的时候摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。(have sth done) He _____________________________________ while restoring the roof，which made everyone worried about him. 4. 由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)(with的复合结构) As they are still breathless，_____________________________________，they are convinced that what happened just now is real. 5. 你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。(It is＋adj. ＋that. . . ) You stayed up so late last night；_____________________________________. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之国际非洲裔美国人博物馆(IAAM)的背景和特点 应用文 511 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之秋天在英语中两种不同的叫法及其历史渊源 说明文 478 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之草编艺术的起源、草编过程、现状 说明文 380 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之紫色作为一种颜色的发展历程 说明文 486 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之中国古代的“外卖” 说明文 237 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 古今中国一位令人尊敬的人物 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （23-24高一上·山西太原·期末）The International African American Museum (IAAM) opened in 2022 in Charleston, South Carolina. It’s built in order to show respect to the history and culture of the African people who were caught and brought to the US during the Atlantic Slave Trade (around 1526 to 1867). It also explores the influence that enslaved people and their descendants (后代) have had in the US and around the world. From the late 1600s to the early 1800s, hundreds of thousands of enslaved (被奴役的) people were brought to South Carolina. The museum was built on Charleston’s Gadsden’s Wharf, where slave ships used to stop and slaves got off. Between 1783 and 1808, the peak years of the slave trade, about 100,000 West African men, women, and children awaited sale at the wharf. According to information from the museum, it’s possible that all African Americans can identify at least one ancestor who passed through the South Carolina point of entry. “This is a site of trauma with ugly history filled with blood and tears,” Dr. Tonya M. Matthews, the museum’s president, told CBS News. “But look who’ s standing here now. That’s what makes it a site of joy, victory and achievements. ” The IAAM is elevated (使升高) off the ground, and the area underneath it is the Tide Tribute, which features a shallow pool of water that flows over human shapes. Inside, there are nine galleries filled with artwork, films, interactive experiences, and more than 150 historical objects. Some topics visitors can learn about include West and West Central Africa, the work of enslaved people on rice plantations, and key moments in African American history. There is also a room where the walls are covered in enslaved people’s original African names. “Visitors to the IAAM experience a range of emotions,” Matthews told Teen Vogue, “ranging from happiness to sadness, to victory, to frustration, to resilience and resistance, to joy in one visit. ” She is glad about that, she said, because those feelings are “very similar” to the range of stories told at the museum. 1. Why was IAAM built? A. In honor of African enslaved people’s culture. B. In memory of the history of America. C. In aid of slave descendants in the US. D. In praise of Atlantic Slave Trade. 2. What does the underlined word “trauma” mean in Paragraph 2? A. A powerful history. B. An energetic victory. C. An unforgettable travel. D. A miserable experience. 3. What is the characteristic of the Tide Tribute? A. It is lifted from the ground. B. It is full of historical objects. C. It is covered in African names. D. It is in the shape of a human being. 4. What is Matthews content with? A. Telling West from West Central Africa. B. Keeping all of the important moments in mind. C. Experiencing different feelings in a visit. D. Defeating frustration after interactive experience. B （24-25高一上·云南楚雄·期中）September 23, 2023 marks the start of a new season - but what exactly you should call that season depends on where in the world you are. In Great Britain, the third season of the year usually has only one name: autumn. But if you go to America, you’ll find that people use both “fall” and “autumn” when speaking about this time of year, making it the only season in the English language with two widely accepted names. So what is it about the season that makes it so special? According to Dictionary. com, “fall” isn’t a modern nickname that followed the more traditional “autumn”. The two terms (术语) are actually first recorded within a few hundred years of each other. Before either word appeared in the dictionary, the season between summer and winter was known as harvest, or hærfest in Old English. The word is of Germanic stock (日耳曼语系) and meant “picking” or “plucking”, a nod to the act of gathering and keeping crops before winter. In the 1500s, English speakers began calling the seasons separating the cold and warm months “fall of the leaf” or “spring of the leaf”, or “fall” and “spring” for short. Both terms were simple, but for some reason, only “spring” stayed in Britain. By the end of the 1600s,“autumn”, from the French word “autompne” and the Latin “autumnus”, had overtaken “fall” as the standard British term for the third season. Around the same time when England adopted “autumn”, the first-ever British American colonists (殖民者) were travelling to North America. With them they brought the words “fall” and “autumn”. Although the word “fall” fell out of fashion in England, it became a part of the local language by the time when America won its independence. Today, using both words to describe the season before winter is still a uniquely American behavior. 5. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. “Fall” is unacceptable in America. B. “Fall” is more commonly used in Britain. C. The start of a new season is always the same. D. Two words are used for the third season in America. 6. What was the season between summer and winter called before “fall” and “autumn” appeared? A. Picking. B. Spring. C. Harvest. D. Gathering. 7. What does the author say about “spring” in paragraph 4? A. It had more staying power. B. It was much easier. C. It was first used in the 1600s. D. It was a French word, 8. “Fall” was kept in American English even if ______. A. it was unpopular among the locals B. it wasn’t used in England C. “autumn” was the standard word D. “autumn” was a unique term 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （23-24高一下·山西朔州·期末）Straw Weaving(草编) What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw? 9 However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks. The Origin of Straw Weaving 10 . The Book of Rites, one of the classical works of Confucianism, also records that there were already mats made of cattail grass and professional straw-weaving craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty. The Process of Straw Weaving Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. Wu explains the process of straw weaving: selection of materials is the first step of a complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive process that can take weeks, or even months, to complete. You need to sketch (素描)the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills. 11 . Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work. and the hardest part is to make it lifelike 12 In the past, woven straw items could be found almost in every household in the countryside. But due to the impact of industrialization. manufactured goods have replaced such products, which yield low profits, and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country. “The world has changed, and craftsmen need to pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive,” Wu says. The Future of Straw Weaving From her perspective, straw weaving should respond to people’s needs and preferences, while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture. “ 13 ,” she says. When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique. A. The Current Situation of Straw Weaving B. Next comes weaving, shaping and preserving of the work C. Craftspeople should try their best efforts to promote products D. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008 E. Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer’s field F. The earliest straw-weaving products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins G. Craftspeople should be responsive and creative and constantly update their products 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （23-24高一下·新疆克孜勒苏·期中）There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most 14 colors today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual color. Let’s take a look at the rich 15 of the color purple. Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago 16 looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because 17 use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy. 18 these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color. During the time of the Roman Empire (37 BC-476 AD), it was very 19 to make purple dye (染料). The dye came from sea snails (海螺). But 10,000 dead sea snails 20 you just one gram of purple dye. . . as well as a very bad smell! This 21 purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred 22 of emperors. In 16th century England, purple was 23 for the kings family members. Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to 24 the color. In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old 25 student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments 26 with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This 27 led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much 28 than sea snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes. 14. A. peaceful B. popular C. exciting D. serious 15. A. history B. style C. research D. product 16. A. gradually B. especially C. exactly D. probably 17. A. others B. they C. we D. some 18. A. And B. So C. But D. Until 19. A. dangerous B. common C. difficult D. strange 20. A. got B. passed C. wasted D. cost 21. A. basic B. harmful C. special D. perfect 22. A. color B. smell C. plant D. animal 23. A. even B. never C. seldom D. only 24. A. wear B. sell C. change D. make 25. A. Geography B. Science C. Art D. Maths 26. A. compared B. mixed C. collected D. kept 27. A. survey B. suggestion C. discovery D. exam 28. A. healthier B. thicker C. cheaper D. darker 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高一上·河南驻马店·期末）阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Did takeaway exist in ancient China? As early as in the Song Dynasty, “takeout” services were already available. In Zhang Zeduan’s popular painting Qingming Scroll, there is a restaurant boy 29 has just come out of the shop with “to-go boxes” in his left hand and tableware (餐具) in his right, still wearing the shop apron and seeming 30 (deliver) the food somewhere. That image is believed to be a reflection of the original takeaway boy. In ancient times, there were three ways to order food. The first was servant order. Send a family servant to go to a restaurant and place 31 order. When the food was ready, there was someone who 32 (particular) delivered the food to the customer’s home, and then got paid. The second was agreed delivery. Sign a long-term agreement with the restaurant. The store, 33 every agreed day, would pack the food well and send it to the customer’s home. The last one was door-to-door selling. The sellers from restaurants sold the food door to door, especially in the 34 (entertain) places like theaters, 35 were crowded with many people. The to-go box, wenpan (warm tray), 36 (compose) of two layers of porcelain (瓷). When used, hot water was injected into the inter-layer of the plate 37 (keep) the dishes warm. In this way, the dish was still warm 38 it arrived at the customer’s home. 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 39. （23-24高一下·广东广州·期中）你们学校正举办主题为“用英语讲好中国故事”的英语演讲活动。请你以古今中国一位令人尊敬的人物为题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 人物简介及事迹； 2. 对你的启示。 要求：1. 词数不少于80词； 2. 开头、结尾已给出，不算入词数内。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第1部分 巩固提升 必修第一册 2025高一寒假作业 每天80分钟 （一） 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 必修 第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 必修 第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. Confucius n. 孔子 2. mansion n. 公馆；宅第 3. cemetery n. 墓地；公墓 4. philosophy n. 哲学 5. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙 6. heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟 7. Achilles’ heel (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 8. kingdom n. 王国；领域 9. currency n. 通货；货币 10. military adj. 军事的；军用的 11. landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景 12. ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先 13. courtyard n. 庭院；院子 14. county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县 15. feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日 16. cattle n. 牛 17. scent n. 气味；气息 18. stew n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt. & vi. 炖；煨 19. sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的 20. transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人 2. chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 3. nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近 4. conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制 5. battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗 6. port n. 港口(城市) 7. charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电 8. amount n. 金额；数量 9. gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 10. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 11. ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保 12. butter n. 黄油；奶油 vt. 涂黄油于 13. honey n. 蜂蜜 14. position n. 位置；姿态；职位 15. snack n. 点心；小吃 16. roll vi. & vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚 17. dot n. 点；小(圆)点 vt. 加点；遍布 18. roar vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮 19. ocean n. 大海；海洋 20. pub n. 酒吧；酒馆 21. wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒 22. beer n. (一杯)啤酒 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj. 令人困惑的→puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 2. belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应→belonging n. [U]归属；[pl. ]动产，财物 3. defence n. 防御；保卫→defend v. 防御；保卫→defensive adj. 防御的；保护的 4. legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的→legally adv. 法律上地 5. surround vt. 围绕；包围→surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的→surroundings n. 环境 6. evidence n. 证据；证明→evident adj. 明显的 7. achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt. 达到；实现 8. location n. 地方；地点；位置→locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→located adj. 坐落于；位于 9. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v. 使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj. 着迷的 10. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称→announcement n. 宣布；通知→announcer n. 广播员；解说员 11. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方 12. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 热切；渴望 13. poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗歌→poetry n. 诗歌(总称) 14. greet vt. 问候；迎接→greeting n. 问候；致意 15. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n. 顾客→customs n. 海关 16. striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的→strike vt. 打击；攻击；打动 n. 罢工 17. crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj. 拥挤的 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来 2. break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱 3. belong to属于 4. as well as同(一样也)；和；还 5. keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意 6. add. . . to. . . 把……添加到……中 7. refer to谈到；查阅；指的是 8. take over接收；接管 9. leave behind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留 10. have a great influence on对……有极大影响 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. (what引导的宾语从句) 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。 2. So what is the difference between them，if any？(if的省略结构) 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ 3. They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. (过去分词短语作后置定语) 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。 4. They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. (have sth done) 他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。 5. If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. (if引导的条件状语从句) 如果你留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。 6. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. (with的复合结构) “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 7. With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. (It is＋adj. ＋that. . . ) 乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。 晨检得分 _______/________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. mansion n. 公馆；宅第 2. philosophy n. 哲学 3. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙 4. heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟 5. currency n. 通货；货币 6. military adj. 军事的；军用的 7. landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景 8. ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先 9. sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的 10. transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁 Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人 2. chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 3. conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制 4. battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗 5. charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电 6. amount n. 金额；数量 7. gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 8. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 9. ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保 10. roar vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2. 5分，共15分) 1. legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的→legally adv. 法律上地 2. location n. 地方；地点；位置→locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→located adj. 坐落于；位于 3. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方 4. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 热切；渴望 5. greet vt. 问候；迎接→greeting n. 问候；致意 6. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n. 顾客→customs n. 海关 Ⅳ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来 2. belong to属于 3. as well as同(一样也)；和；还 4. keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 5. have a great influence on 对……有极大影响 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分) 1. That was really a puzzling problem；no wonder the architect looked puzzled. (puzzle) 2. We must take some defensive measures to defend our country against invasion. (defence) 3. Surrounded by trees and flowers，the surroundings of the cottage are quite beautiful. (surround) 4. The announcer softly announced the result，but the announcement made me shocked. (announce) 5. It was apparent that the boy was fascinated by her fascinating voice. (fascinate) 6. I love poetry，especially the poems written by the most famous poet—Li Bai. (poet) 7. The meeting room is quite crowded，with a lot of people crowding in it. (crowd) 8. It is evident that the man will be sentenced to prison with the newly-found evidence. (evident) 9. Although he lives here，all the belongings in the house don’t belong to him. (belong) 10. The scientist finally achieved his goal and made striking achievements. (achieve) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without referring to his notes. 2. By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful world. 3. He grabbed her，but she succeeded in breaking away from him. 4. What made us excited was that my brother had taken over the job as a manager. 5. As we all know，rude words only add fuel to the emotional fire. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 我脸上火辣辣的，我为我对你所做的事情感到羞愧。(读后续写之心理描写)(what引导的宾语从句) With my face burning，I was ashamed of what I had done to you. 2. 欢迎任何对这部电影感兴趣的人到位于第三教学楼第一层的学校演讲大厅。(过去分词短语作后置定语) Anyone who is keen on the film is welcome to the school’s lecture hall located on the first floor of the third teaching building. 3. 他修房顶的时候摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。(have sth done) He had his leg broken while restoring the roof，which made everyone worried about him. 4. 由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)(with的复合结构) As they are still breathless，with their hearts beating wildly，they are convinced that what happened just now is real. 5. 你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。(It is＋adj. ＋that. . . ) You stayed up so late last night；it is not surprising that you feel sleepy today. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之国际非洲裔美国人博物馆(IAAM)的背景和特点 应用文 511 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之秋天在英语中两种不同的叫法及其历史渊源 说明文 478 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之草编艺术的起源、草编过程、现状 说明文 380 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之紫色作为一种颜色的发展历程 说明文 486 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之中国古代的“外卖” 说明文 237 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 古今中国一位令人尊敬的人物 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （23-24高一上·山西太原·期末）The International African American Museum (IAAM) opened in 2022 in Charleston, South Carolina. It’s built in order to show respect to the history and culture of the African people who were caught and brought to the US during the Atlantic Slave Trade (around 1526 to 1867). It also explores the influence that enslaved people and their descendants (后代) have had in the US and around the world. From the late 1600s to the early 1800s, hundreds of thousands of enslaved (被奴役的) people were brought to South Carolina. The museum was built on Charleston’s Gadsden’s Wharf, where slave ships used to stop and slaves got off. Between 1783 and 1808, the peak years of the slave trade, about 100,000 West African men, women, and children awaited sale at the wharf. According to information from the museum, it’s possible that all African Americans can identify at least one ancestor who passed through the South Carolina point of entry. “This is a site of trauma with ugly history filled with blood and tears,” Dr. Tonya M. Matthews, the museum’s president, told CBS News. “But look who’ s standing here now. That’s what makes it a site of joy, victory and achievements. ” The IAAM is elevated (使升高) off the ground, and the area underneath it is the Tide Tribute, which features a shallow pool of water that flows over human shapes. Inside, there are nine galleries filled with artwork, films, interactive experiences, and more than 150 historical objects. Some topics visitors can learn about include West and West Central Africa, the work of enslaved people on rice plantations, and key moments in African American history. There is also a room where the walls are covered in enslaved people’s original African names. “Visitors to the IAAM experience a range of emotions,” Matthews told Teen Vogue, “ranging from happiness to sadness, to victory, to frustration, to resilience and resistance, to joy in one visit. ” She is glad about that, she said, because those feelings are “very similar” to the range of stories told at the museum. 1. Why was IAAM built? A. In honor of African enslaved people’s culture. B. In memory of the history of America. C. In aid of slave descendants in the US. D. In praise of Atlantic Slave Trade. 2. What does the underlined word “trauma” mean in Paragraph 2? A. A powerful history. B. An energetic victory. C. An unforgettable travel. D. A miserable experience. 3. What is the characteristic of the Tide Tribute? A. It is lifted from the ground. B. It is full of historical objects. C. It is covered in African names. D. It is in the shape of a human being. 4. What is Matthews content with? A. Telling West from West Central Africa. B. Keeping all of the important moments in mind. C. Experiencing different feelings in a visit. D. Defeating frustration after interactive experience. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】历史知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际非洲裔美国人博物馆(IAAM)的背景和特点。博物馆于2022年在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿开放，建馆目的是向大西洋奴隶贸易中被抓捕并被带到美国的非洲人民的历史和文化致敬。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s built in order to show respect to the history and culture of the African people who were caught and brought to the US during the Atlantic Slave Trade (around 1526 to 1867). (它的建造是为了表达对非洲人的历史和文化的尊重，这些人在大西洋奴隶贸易（大约1526年到1867年）期间被抓住并带到美国)”可知，这座博物馆的建立旨在致敬被抓捕并带到美国的大西洋奴隶贸易期间非洲人的历史和文化。故选A项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“The museum was built on Charleston’s Gadsden’s Wharf, where slave ships used to stop and slaves got off. Between 1783 and 1808, the peak years of the slave trade, about 100,000 West African men, women, and children awaited sale at the wharf. According to information from the museum, it’s possible that all African Americans can identify at least one ancestor who passed through the South Carolina point of entry. (博物馆建在查尔斯顿的加兹登码头上，过去奴隶船在这里停靠，奴隶们在这里下船。在1783年至1808年，奴隶贸易的高峰时期，大约有10万名西非男人、女人和儿童在码头等待出售。根据博物馆提供的信息，所有非裔美国人都有可能至少有一位祖先通过南卡罗来纳州的入境点)”以及划线词后文“with ugly history filled with blood and tears(有着充满血泪的丑陋历史)”可知，博物馆建立的地方曾经出售奴隶，见证了他们的悲惨经历，是一个充满血泪的丑陋的地方，由此可推测 trauma意为“悲惨的经历”。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The IAAM is elevated (使升高) off the ground, and the area underneath it is the Tide Tribute, which features a shallow pool of water that flows over human shapes. (IAAM离地面高，它下面的区域是Tide Tribute，它的特点是一个浅水池，水流过人体形状)”可知，Tide Tribute是个人形水池，其中有水流过。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Visitors to the IAAM experience a range of emotions,” Matthews told Teen Vogue, “ranging from happiness to sadness, to victory, to frustration, to resilience and resistance, to joy in one visit. ” She is glad about that, she said, because those feelings are “very similar” to the range of stories told at the museum. (马修斯在接受《Teen Vogue》杂志采访时表示：“参观IAAM的游客会体验到各种各样的情绪，从快乐到悲伤，从胜利到挫折，从坚韧到抵抗，再到一次参观的喜悦。”她说，她对此感到高兴，因为这些感觉与博物馆里讲述的一系列故事“非常相似”)”可知，Matthews对游客们能在一次参观中体验到一系列的情感感到满意，这些情感从快乐到悲伤，从胜利到挫败，再到坚韧和反抗，再到喜悦，这些情感与博物馆讲述的各种故事非常相似。故选C项。 B （24-25高一上·云南楚雄·期中）September 23, 2023 marks the start of a new season - but what exactly you should call that season depends on where in the world you are. In Great Britain, the third season of the year usually has only one name: autumn. But if you go to America, you’ll find that people use both “fall” and “autumn” when speaking about this time of year, making it the only season in the English language with two widely accepted names. So what is it about the season that makes it so special? According to Dictionary. com, “fall” isn’t a modern nickname that followed the more traditional “autumn”. The two terms (术语) are actually first recorded within a few hundred years of each other. Before either word appeared in the dictionary, the season between summer and winter was known as harvest, or hærfest in Old English. The word is of Germanic stock (日耳曼语系) and meant “picking” or “plucking”, a nod to the act of gathering and keeping crops before winter. In the 1500s, English speakers began calling the seasons separating the cold and warm months “fall of the leaf” or “spring of the leaf”, or “fall” and “spring” for short. Both terms were simple, but for some reason, only “spring” stayed in Britain. By the end of the 1600s,“autumn”, from the French word “autompne” and the Latin “autumnus”, had overtaken “fall” as the standard British term for the third season. Around the same time when England adopted “autumn”, the first-ever British American colonists (殖民者) were travelling to North America. With them they brought the words “fall” and “autumn”. Although the word “fall” fell out of fashion in England, it became a part of the local language by the time when America won its independence. Today, using both words to describe the season before winter is still a uniquely American behavior. 5. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. “Fall” is unacceptable in America. B. “Fall” is more commonly used in Britain. C. The start of a new season is always the same. D. Two words are used for the third season in America. 6. What was the season between summer and winter called before “fall” and “autumn” appeared? A. Picking. B. Spring. C. Harvest. D. Gathering. 7. What does the author say about “spring” in paragraph 4? A. It had more staying power. B. It was much easier. C. It was first used in the 1600s. D. It was a French word, 8. “Fall” was kept in American English even if ______. A. it was unpopular among the locals B. it wasn’t used in England C. “autumn” was the standard word D. “autumn” was a unique term 【答案】5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】语言与文化 、历史知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了秋天在英语中两种不同的叫法及其历史渊源。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“But if you go to America, you’ll find that people use both “fall” and “autumn” when speaking about this time of year, making it the only season in the English language with two widely accepted names. (但如果你去美国，你会发现人们在谈论一年中的这个时候会同时使用“fall”和“autumn”，这使得它成为英语中唯一一个拥有两个被广泛接受的名字的季节。)”可知，在美国，“秋天”有两个词语。故选D。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Before either word appeared in the dictionary, the season between summer and winter was known as harvest, or hærfest in Old English. (在这两个词出现在词典之前，夏天和冬天之间的季节被称为harvest，在古英语中称为hærfest。)”可知，fall和autumn出现之前，在夏天和冬天之间的季节在古英语中被叫做harvest。故选C。 7. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In the 1500s, English speakers began calling the seasons separating the cold and warm months “fall of the leaf” or “spring of the leaf”, or “fall” and “spring” for short. Both terms were simple, but for some reason, only “spring” stayed in Britain. (在16世纪，说英语的人开始把区分冷暖月份的季节称为“fall of the leaf”或“spring of the leaf”，或者简称为“fall”和“spring”。这两个词都很简单，但由于某种原因，只有“春天”留在了英国。)”可知，指代春季的“spring”有较强的持久力。故选A。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the word “fall” fell out of fashion in England, it became a part of the local language by the time when America won its independence. (虽然“fall”这个词在英国已经不流行了，但在美国赢得独立后，它成为了当地语言的一部分。)”可推断，即使“fall”在英国被弃用，它在美国当地的语言中却站稳了脚跟。故选B。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （23-24高一下·山西朔州·期末）Straw Weaving(草编) What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw? 9 However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks. The Origin of Straw Weaving 10 . The Book of Rites, one of the classical works of Confucianism, also records that there were already mats made of cattail grass and professional straw-weaving craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty. The Process of Straw Weaving Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. Wu explains the process of straw weaving: selection of materials is the first step of a complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive process that can take weeks, or even months, to complete. You need to sketch (素描)the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills. 11 . Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work. and the hardest part is to make it lifelike 12 In the past, woven straw items could be found almost in every household in the countryside. But due to the impact of industrialization. manufactured goods have replaced such products, which yield low profits, and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country. “The world has changed, and craftsmen need to pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive,” Wu says. The Future of Straw Weaving From her perspective, straw weaving should respond to people’s needs and preferences, while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture. “ 13 ,” she says. When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique. A. The Current Situation of Straw Weaving B. Next comes weaving, shaping and preserving of the work C. Craftspeople should try their best efforts to promote products D. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008 E. Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer’s field F. The earliest straw-weaving products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins G. Craftspeople should be responsive and creative and constantly update their products 【答案】9. E 10. F 11. B 12. A 13. G 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】历史知识、中国文化与节日 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了草编艺术的起源、草编过程、现状以及对未来发展的展望。 9. 根据上文“What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw? (当你想到麦秸时，你首先想到的是什么？)”可知，作者以问句的方式引出本文关于麦秸的话题，下文“However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks. (然而，吴翠作为无形文化传承者，却能把收获小麦留下的秸秆，变成美观醒目的功能性艺术品。)”可知，吴翠前面提到的人不同，把麦秸变成了艺术品，E项“Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer's field. (大多数人可能只是把它看作是农民田地里的一堆废物。)”，其中it指代上文的wheat straw，而下文However，表明E项与下文为转折关系，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选E项。 10. 本段的主题句The Origin of Straw Weaving，讲述草编的起源。F项“The earliest straw-weaving products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins. (最早的秸秆编织产品是在河姆渡文化遗址发现的。)”与本段主题一致，故选F项。 11. 本段的主题为The Process of Straw Weaving，讲述草编的创作过程，上文“Wu explains the process of straw weaving: selection of materials is the first step of a complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive process that can take weeks, or even months, to complete. You need to sketch (素描) the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills. (吴解释了秸秆编织的过程：材料的选择是一个复杂、耗时和劳动密集型过程的第一步，可能需要数周甚至数月才能完成。你需要在纸上素描，这需要绘画技巧。)” 可知，本段讲解草编的创作过程是按步骤顺序在讲解，下文“Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make it lifelike. (即使完成了这个过程，也不意味着你总是能创造出一件好的作品，最难的部分是让它栩栩如生。)”此句指出了完成的草编的质量很重要；B项“Next comes weaving, shaping and preserving of the work. (接下来是作品的编织、塑造和保存。)”可知，草编的顺序为：选材料—纸上素描—编制—塑造——保存，下文中的that process指代B项中的weaving, shaping and preserving，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选B项。 12. 根据下文“In the past, woven straw items could be found almost in every household in the countryside. But due to the impact of industrialization, manufactured goods have replaced such products, which yield low profits, and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country. (过去，几乎在农村的每个家庭都可以找到草编制品。但由于工业化的冲击，制成品取代了这类产品，利润微薄，全国从事这项工作的人只有100人左右。)”可知，这里讲述了草编的现状不容乐观；空处为段落的主题句，应该阐述这种情形。A项“The Current Situation of Straw Weaving（秸秆编织的现状）”符合题意，故选A项。 13. 本段的主题句为The Future of Straw Weaving，主要讲述草编的未来发展趋势，上文“From her perspective, straw weaving should respond to people’s needs and preferences, while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture. (在她看来，秸秆编织应该回应人们的需求和喜好，同时仍然从传统文化中汲取灵感。)”可知，未来的草编，应跟上时代的步伐，想顾客所想，也要传承传统，根据空后的she says可知，设空处应该是她说 的话，G项“Craftspeople should be responsive and creative and constantly update their products (手艺人应该反应灵敏，富有创造力，不断更新他们的产品。)”，为说的内容，同时，也表明：未来的草编业对工匠的要求很高，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选G项。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （23-24高一下·新疆克孜勒苏·期中）There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most 14 colors today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual color. Let’s take a look at the rich 15 of the color purple. Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago 16 looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because 17 use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy. 18 these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color. During the time of the Roman Empire (37 BC-476 AD), it was very 19 to make purple dye (染料). The dye came from sea snails (海螺). But 10,000 dead sea snails 20 you just one gram of purple dye. . . as well as a very bad smell! This 21 purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred 22 of emperors. In 16th century England, purple was 23 for the kings family members. Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to 24 the color. In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old 25 student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments 26 with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This 27 led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much 28 than sea snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes. 14. A. peaceful B. popular C. exciting D. serious 15. A. history B. style C. research D. product 16. A. gradually B. especially C. exactly D. probably 17. A. others B. they C. we D. some 18. A. And B. So C. But D. Until 19. A. dangerous B. common C. difficult D. strange 20. A. got B. passed C. wasted D. cost 21. A. basic B. harmful C. special D. perfect 22. A. color B. smell C. plant D. animal 23. A. even B. never C. seldom D. only 24. A. wear B. sell C. change D. make 25. A. Geography B. Science C. Art D. Maths 26. A. compared B. mixed C. collected D. kept 27. A. survey B. suggestion C. discovery D. exam 28. A. healthier B. thicker C. cheaper D. darker 【答案】 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. C 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】科普知识 、历史知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了紫色作为一种颜色的发展历程，从远古时期植物可能的颜色，到古罗马时期紫色染料的昂贵与稀有，再到16世纪英国紫色成为王室专有色，最后提及1856年威廉·珀金的偶然发现使得紫色染料变得普及和便宜。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以紫色是当今最流行的颜色之一。A. peaceful和平的；B. popular流行的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. serious严重的。根据上文“There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers!”可知，上文列举了紫色的各种物品，说明紫色是当今最流行的颜色之一。故选B项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们来看看紫色丰富的历史。A. history历史；B. style风格；C. research研究；D. product产品。根据下文“During the time of the Roman Empire (37 BC-476 AD), it was very 6 to make purple dye (染料)”、“In 16th century England, purple was 10 for the kings family members. ”、“In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old 12 student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals he used to clean his instruments 13 with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. ”可知，接下来的段落讲述了紫色在不同历史时期的情况，因此这里是说要探索紫色的历史。故选A项。 16. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些科学家认为，5亿多年前首次出现在地球上的植物可能是紫色的，而不是绿色的。A. gradually逐渐地；B. especially特别；C. exactly精确地；D. probably可能。根据上文“Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago”可知，此处是科学家的一种推测，表示可能性，并没有确切的证据表明第一棵植物是紫色的。故选D项。 17. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：今天的植物是绿色的，因为它们使用绿色叶绿素来产生能量。A. others其他人或物；B. they它们；C. we我们；D. some一些。根据下文的“use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy”可知，此处指代前文的Plants，应用they。故选B项。 18. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但这些早期的植物可能使用了一种叫做视黄醛的东西，它是一种深紫色。A. And和；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. Until直到。根据上文“Plants today are green because 4 use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy. ”和下文“these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color”可知，上文提到现代植物因叶绿素而呈绿色，下文提到早期植物可能因使用视黄醛而呈紫色，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故选C项。 19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在罗马帝国时期（公元前37年-公元476年），制造紫色染料非常困难。A. dangerous危险的；B. common常见的；C. difficult困难的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“The dye came from sea snails (海螺). But 10,000 dead sea snails 7 you just one gram of purple dye. . . as well as a very bad smell!”可知，制作紫色需要大量海螺，且过程伴随恶臭可知，制造紫色染料很困难。故选C项。 20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但10,000只死海螺只能得到1克紫色染料，还会产生非常难闻的气味！A. got获得；B. passed通过；C. wasted浪费；D. cost花费。根据上文“But 10,000 dead sea snails”和下文“you just one gram of purple dye”可知，这里指制作成本，即需要10,000只海螺才能得到1克染料。故选A项。 21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的紫色染料被称为泰紫，是皇帝偏爱的颜色。A. basic基本的；B. harmful有害的；C. special特殊的；D. perfect完美的。根据上文“But 10,000 dead sea snails 7 you just one gram of purple dye”可知，泰紫因其来源和昂贵，是特殊的紫色染料。故选C项。 22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的紫色染料被称为泰紫，是皇帝偏爱的颜色。A. color颜色；B. smell气味；C. plant植物；D. animal动物。根据上文“it was the preferred”可知，泰紫是一种颜色，是皇帝喜欢的颜色选择。故选A项。 23. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在16世纪的英格兰，紫色仅供王室成员使用。A. even甚至；B. never从不；C. seldom很少；D. only仅仅，只。根据下文“Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to 11 the color”可知，16世纪的英国，紫色只为国王的家庭成员使用。故选D项。 24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊丽莎白一世女王的衣服是紫色的，但普通人不允许穿紫色衣服。A. wear穿；B. sell卖；C. change改变；D. make制作。根据上文“Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to”可知，普通人不允许穿紫色衣服。故选A项。 25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1856年，18岁的科学系学生威廉·珀金在做实验时注意到一件奇怪的事情。A. Geography地理；B. Science科学；C. Art艺术；D. Maths数学。根据下文“noticed something strange while doing an experiment”可知，他是科学系的学生。故选B项。 26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用来清洗仪器的化学物质与他在实验中使用的化学物质混合在一起，产生了鲜亮的紫色。A. compared比较；B. mixed混合；C. collected收集；D. kept保持。根据上文“he chemicals he used to clean his instruments”和下文“with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color”可知，这里描述的是化学反应，即两种化学物质混合，产生了紫色。故选B项。 27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发现促使珀金成立了一家公司，使用这种化学混合物制造紫色染料。A. survey调查；B. suggestion建议；C. discovery发现；D. exam考试。根据上文的“produced a bright purple color”可知，这里的this指代上文的意外得到紫色染料的事情，是一个发现。故选C项。 28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种染料比海螺染料便宜得多。A. healthier更健康的；B. thicker更厚的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. darker更暗的。根据下文“Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes. ”可知，这种新方法生产的紫色染料更便宜，现在任何人都能买得起紫色的衣服了。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高一上·河南驻马店·期末）阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Did takeaway exist in ancient China? As early as in the Song Dynasty, “takeout” services were already available. In Zhang Zeduan’s popular painting Qingming Scroll, there is a restaurant boy 29 has just come out of the shop with “to-go boxes” in his left hand and tableware (餐具) in his right, still wearing the shop apron and seeming 30 (deliver) the food somewhere. That image is believed to be a reflection of the original takeaway boy. In ancient times, there were three ways to order food. The first was servant order. Send a family servant to go to a restaurant and place 31 order. When the food was ready, there was someone who 32 (particular) delivered the food to the customer’s home, and then got paid. The second was agreed delivery. Sign a long-term agreement with the restaurant. The store, 33 every agreed day, would pack the food well and send it to the customer’s home. The last one was door-to-door selling. The sellers from restaurants sold the food door to door, especially in the 34 (entertain) places like theaters, 35 were crowded with many people. The to-go box, wenpan (warm tray), 36 (compose) of two layers of porcelain (瓷). When used, hot water was injected into the inter-layer of the plate 37 (keep) the dishes warm. In this way, the dish was still warm 38 it arrived at the customer’s home. 【答案】 29. who/ that 30. to deliver 31. an 32. particularly 33. on 34. entertainment 35. which 36. was composed 37. to keep 38. when 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】历史知识、中国文化与节日 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代的“外卖”。 29. 考查定语从句。句意：在张择端颇受欢迎的画作《清明上河图》中，有这样一个餐馆小男孩，他左手拿着“外卖盒”，右手拿着餐具，刚从店里出来，还系着店里的围裙，好像要把食物送到什么地方。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词boy进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who或that代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 30. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在张择端颇受欢迎的画作《清明上河图》中，有这样一个餐馆小男孩，他左手拿着“外卖盒”，右手拿着餐具，刚从店里出来，还系着店里的围裙，好像要把食物送到什么地方。seem to do“似乎做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to deliver。 31. 考查冠词。句意：派一个家仆去餐馆点餐。place an order“订购；下单”，是固定搭配，order是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。 32. 考查副词。句意：当食物做好后，会有人专门把食物送到顾客家里，然后得到报酬。空格处作状语，修饰动词delivered，应该用副词particularly。故填particularly。 33. 考查介词。句意：在每一个约定的日子里，商店都会把食物包装好，送到顾客的家里。根据下文的every agreed day可知，此处表示具体到某一天，应该用介词on。故填on。 34. 考查名词。句意：餐馆的小贩们挨家挨户地卖食物，特别是在像剧院这样的娱乐场所，那里挤满了人。根据句意和空格后的名词places可知，空格处应该用名词entertainment作定语，修饰后面的名词places，entertainment places意义为“娱乐场所”。故填entertainment。 35. 考查定语从句。句意：餐馆的小贩们挨家挨户地卖食物，特别是在像剧院这样的娱乐场所，那里挤满了人。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词theaters进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填which。 36. 考查时态和语态。句意：外带盒，温盘，由两层瓷器组成。空格处是谓语动词，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时；be composed of“由……组成”是固定搭配；主语是The to-go box，be动词应该用was。故填was composed。 37. 考查非谓语动词。句意：使用时，将热水注入盘子的中间层，以保持盘子的温度。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式。故填to keep。 38. 考查连接副词。句意：这样，菜送到顾客家里时还是热的。空格后的部分是时间状语从句，所以空格处应该用连接副词when引导从句。故填when。 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 39. （23-24高一下·广东广州·期中）你们学校正举办主题为“用英语讲好中国故事”的英语演讲活动。请你以古今中国一位令人尊敬的人物为题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 人物简介及事迹； 2. 对你的启示。 要求：1. 词数不少于80词； 2. 开头、结尾已给出，不算入词数内。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A person I admire most Confucius is a person who I admire most. Confucius is a well-known figure in Chinese history. His teachings emphasized the importance of moral values, respect for elders, and social harmony. Confucius’ thoughts left a profound impact on Chinese society. The significance of Confucius cannot be overstated. His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering respect for authority, harmonious relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. Even today, his ideas continue to guide individuals and communities in China and beyond. He stressed the self-cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge, which serves as a guiding light for me in our fast-paced and interconnected world. 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】历史知识、其他著名人物 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以古今中国一位令人尊敬的人物为题写一篇演讲稿，参加学校正在举办的主题为“用英语讲好中国故事”的英语演讲活动。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 钦佩，尊重：admire→ respect 著名的：well-known → famous 人物：figure → person 重要性：significance →importance 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering respect for authority, harmonious relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. 拓展句：His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, which fostered respect for authority, harmonious relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Confucius is a person who I admire most. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】He stressed the self-cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge, which serves as a guiding light for me in our fast-paced and interconnected world.   (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$