高考核心词汇专题练习之同源短语成串记-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

同源短语成串记 翻译画线短语的含义。 1.[2022·全国甲卷] We continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future.__________ 2.[2021·浙江6月卷] He explained our basic task, the tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals.__________ 3.[2021·浙江1月卷] Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.__________ 4. I went up to the salesman and asked him why the price of their clothes was going up so quickly.__________ 5. I do live in Florida now, but I'm actually driving up to New York this weekend to visit my family.__________ 6. She held up her hand stiffly when seeing the bear.__________ 7. It's getting cold in here because all the logs in the fireplace have burned up.__________ 8. Hey, if you don't want that marker to dry up, put the cap back on it!__________ 9.[2023·全国乙卷] However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.__________ 10.[2021·全国甲卷] Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion(莽撞).__________ 11. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across— much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. __________ 12. The house is so old that the plaster on this wall has broken up—— there are bits of it all over the floor.__________ 13. I need someone to help me collect up all of these donations for the food drive.__________ 14. The teacher asked the students to make up a story about a trip to the moon.__________ 15.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷] Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread.__________ 16. This cold is blocking up my nose and I can hardly breathe.__________ 17. My dad and I spent the night in the guest room of the farmhouse listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. __________ 18.[2020·全国Ⅰ卷] The unmanned Chang’ e-4 probe(探测器)— the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.__________ 19.[2023·全国甲卷] Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.__________ 20.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷] This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.__________ 21.[2022·浙江1月卷] That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans to continue the practice.__________ 22. I' ve been rocking the baby for hours, but I just can't get her to calm down and stop crying.__________ 23. As the applause died down, a child came on stage with an armload of roses for the singer.__________ 24.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷] Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.__________ 25. The surgery went very well, and the doctor is optimistic that she’ ll be able to get about soon.__________ 26. When news of this tax scandal gets about, your career in politics will be finished! __________ 27. Would you two quit hanging about and help me clean up this mess?__________ 28. I had a few hours to kill before my train left, so I just kicked about in the city center for a while.__________ 29. Can you tell me how the accident came about?__________ 30.[2021·浙江6月卷] He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people.__________ 31.[2021·全国甲卷] Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.__________ 32. We' re concerned that the use of robots will bring about more layoffs, among other things.__________ 33. I'm going over to my mother's to see about the damage in her house.__________ 34.[2021·浙江6月卷] He was a livestock trucker, and I thought that I would surpass(超过) anything he had accomplished by the time I walked across the stage at high school graduation.__________ 35. I'm sick of all these kids cutting across my yard in order to get to the school down the street.__________ 36. How are we supposed to get across the river if there's no bridge?__________ 37.[2020·浙江7月卷] Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action.__________ 38. He's always had trouble putting across his ideas in a way other people can understand.__________ 39. He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't come across.__________ 40.[2021·北京卷] While riding his bike home on a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.__________ 41. In my reading, I have run across a number of his famous quotes that are both funny and insightful.__________ 42. I had to chase my dog down the street after he broke away during our walk.__________ 43. We should get away this summer, maybe to Aruba.__________ 44. I have to be careful during interviews so I don't give away the plot of the movie.__________ 45. They waved as the bus pulled away.__________ 46. Because the hall was full, many people were turned away.__________ 47.[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷] Often, only a small part of a museum's collection is on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.__________ 48. I decided to put away all the decorations right after the party so I didn't have to do it the next day.__________ 49. I'm packing away my maternity clothes in case we decide to have another baby sometime in the future.__________ 50. He didn't want them to see him wasting away from the cancer.__________ 51. Over the course of several centuries, the coastline wore away until the small village was completely consumed by the sea.__________ 52. The line for the roller coaster ride was so long that my excitement had completely faded away by the time we reached the front of it.__________ 53.[2020·北京卷] Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know.__________ 54.[2020·全国Ⅱ卷] As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life.__________ 55.[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]"It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population, "said Dr. Ilardo.__________ 56. All of my siblings have carried on the family tradition of becoming a doctor, which I guess makes me, the lone artist, quite a rebel.__________ 57. These special chickens can pass on their drug-producing abilities to their children.__________ 58. I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week.__________ 59. What motivates you most and keeps you focused and centered on a workout?__________ 60.[2022·浙江1月卷] Needless to say, I didn't look forward to an entire term of being brushed off, but I tried to make the best of it and didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse.__________ 61.①He had never been afraid of failure: he was a gambler, ready to go off somewhere else and start all over again. __________ ②A few minutes later the bomb went off, destroying the vehicle.__________ ③Then the fire alarm went off. I just grabbed my clothes and ran out.__________ 62.①He took off his sweater, rolled it into a pillow, and lay down on the grass.__________ ②As the plane took off, I felt a thrill of excitement for I had never travelled by plane before.__________ ③I'd like to take three days off to visit my grandparents in the countryside.__________ 63.[2021·北京卷] The train moved on. The little boy was still awake on his mother's lap, but the woman dropped off to sleep.__________ 64. The company had to lay off two dozen workers or it would have gone bankrupt.__________ 65. The rain hold off long enough for us to finish our picnic.__________ 66. I would like to put your visit off until then as the annual Traffic Conference is coming up next week.__________ 67. The more diligent we are, the more likely we are to accumulate experience, master skills, discover and kill off our shortcomings and create more opportunities. __________ 68. I think this is more to show off the special effects than to help the film's plot.__________ 69. The train didn't pull in until nearly 11 P. M. due to all the delays.__________ 70. I've called in Nancy to help you—— as a senior member of the team, she's dealt with these kinds of issues before.__________ 71. Several months later, the two families moved away and two moved in.__________ 72. John, your paper must be revised over the weekend, and handed in in its final form on Monday.__________ 73. She turned in the lost wallet at the local police station.__________ 74.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]... I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner.__________ 75.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] As I read, he reaches out and pokes(戳) the page with his finger.__________ 76.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.__________ 77.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷] There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.__________ 78.[2019·江苏卷] Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. __________ 79. Humans, as we know, have always lived in groups; without this arrangement, our species would have died out long ago.__________ 80. I have cut out some of the material that I found to be of little value.__________ 81. It is the kind of place where, one recent day, when cupcakes were served to celebrate a birthday, candles weren't blown out. __________ 82. The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner(专员) Anne Longfield.__________ 83. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life is and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.__________ 84. We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.__________ 85. The first phone book contained no numbers and callers were put through by the operator.__________ 86. The mice were then put through tests that measured their cognitive ability.__________ 87. He failed many times but eventually broke through to achieve success.__________ 88. I took a sack of lunch and sat through the whole thing for the price of one ticket. __________ 89. She looked through the hotel advertisements until one of them caught her fancy. __________ 90. She tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.__________ 91. As I was running off the stage,I accidentally knocked over a glass of grape juice that was on a table.__________ 92. "Once patients have got over the shock of being at high risk of heart disease, they then tend to underplay their risk, "says Dr Farrimond.__________ 93. The kitchen sink had been stopped up and the faucet left running, so water spilled over onto the floor.__________ 94. Covering 1.4 billion acres, the Amazon Basin spreads over nine countries.__________ 95. Schools took over the duty to secure independent careers guidance for their students from September this year.__________ 96. She signaled and pulled over into the slow lane.__________ 97. For the first time, the philosophy department has just switched over to the online discussion section registration system.__________ 98. The correct solution is probably to simply sign over title of the land to the people that live there.__________ 99. We then went over the facts carefully, trying to piece together what had actually happened.__________ 100. We went over the document again and again les t we should miss any of the main points.__________ 101. But this time, before you make the decision please think over what I said.__________ 102. The idea that reading is somehow an activity set apart from life isn't very historically accurate.__________ 103. After their worst quarrel, Jim and Mary wondered if they should live apart for a time to try to improve their relationship.__________ 104. If current trends hold, traditional software firms and their open-source rivals will soon be hard to tell apart. __________ 105. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.__________ 106. Over time, the bags fall apart into countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.__________ 107. When the clock stopped, he took it apart, found what was wrong, and put the whole thing together again.__________ 同源短语成串记 同源1 up型 1 (量、位置、形状、程度等)向上，靠近，出现，由低到高，由远及近 1. bring(拿来,带来)+ up(出现,发生)→提出 2. fire(点火) + up(向上)→火着起来→(机器)发动 3. speed(加速)+ up(由低到高)→加速 4. go(走)+ up(靠近)→走上前去; go(走) + up(由低到高)→上涨 5. drive(开车) + up(向北)→驾车北上 6. hold(拿着)+ up(向上)→举起 关联拓展 pick up 捡起; pile up 堆积; pull up停车; hang up 挂电话; build up 增强,逐渐增加 2 完全，完成，最终，彻底 7. burn(燃烧) + up(完全)→烧光 8. dry(干燥)+ up(彻底)→变干 9. end(结束)+ up(完结)→结果,最终处于 10. chalk(用粉笔写)+ up(完成)→记下来→引申为：归咎于，把……归于 关联拓展 pack up 打包起来; load up 装满,装载 3 分开，成碎片 11. blow(炸开)+ up(成碎片)→炸毁 12. break(打破)+ up(分开)→破碎 关联拓展 tear up 撕碎; chop up 切碎,切成小块 4 形成，聚拢 13. collect(收集)+ up(聚拢)→收集起来 14. make(出产)+ up(形成)→编造 关联拓展 add up 加起来; gather up 积聚,收集 5 与动词连用，加强语气 15. heat(加热)+ up(加强语气)→变热,变暖【近义】 warm up 加热 16. block(堵塞,阻挡)+ up(加强语气)→堵塞 关联拓展 light up 喜形于色; dream sth. up 凭空想出，虚构出(尤指荒诞不经的事)；draw up 制订，起草 同源2 down 型 1 向地面，(从高处)向下，向下游，后来的，以后的 17. roll(滚动) + down(向下游)→滚下,顺流而下 18. touch(触碰) + down(向地面)→着陆,降落 19. pass(传递)+ down(后来的)→世代相传 关联拓展 set down 写下; bend down 弯腰; go down(太阳)落下,降低,减少; write/ note down记下 2 (数量、力量、活动等)减少，减弱，降低 20. turn(旋转)+ down(减弱)→关小 21. bring(带来,导致)+ down(数量减少)→减少 22. calm(平静)+ down(情绪减弱)→平静下来 23. die(消失)+ down(程度减少)→逐渐平息 关联拓展 cut down 削减; break down 分解,出故障 同源3 about型 1 关于，对于 24. think(思考) + about(关于)→思考 关联拓展 worry/ concern about 担心; care about在乎,关心 2 在……周围，在各处 25. get(使,开始) + about(在······周围,在各处)→四处走动 26. get(使,开始) + about(在······周围,在各处)→(消息、谣言等)传开 27. hang(逗留,徘徊) + about(在各处)→闲荡，逗留 28. kick(踢腿)+ about(在各处)→无所事事地走来走去→闲逛，四处游荡 29.come(来)+ about(在······周围)→来到周围→发生 关联拓展 go about着手做,传开; wander about到处游荡; rush about 奔忙 3 忙于，从事于，涉及 30. set(安排,使开始)+ about(从事于)→开始从事某事→开始做，着手做 31. go(开始,进展)+ about(忙于)→忙于 32. bring(带来)+ about(涉及)→导致,引起 33. see(看)+ about(涉及)→看一看涉及……的问题→照看，过问→引申为：处理，安排 同源4 across型 1 通过，穿过，从一边到另一边 34. walk(走)+ across(穿过)→穿过,走过 35. cut(切割,削减)+ across(穿过)→削减路程并穿过→抄近路穿过 36. get(沿⋯⋯移动,艰难地移动) + across(从一边到另一边)→越过，渡过 关联拓展 表示移动的动词常加 across 表示横跨,如: dash across疾驰穿过; travel across 横穿 2 使得可理解地，使得可接受地 37. get(使)+ across(使得可理解地)→被传达,被理解，把……讲清楚 38. put(说,表达)+ across(使得可接受地)→使(论点、意见等)被人接受(或理解) 39.come(到达) + across(使得可理解地)→达到别人理解的程度→被理解 3 碰见 40.come(来)+ across(碰见)→偶然遇见,发现 41. run(跑) + across(碰见)→偶然遇见 同源5 away型 1 离开，逃脱，去掉，泄露，出卖，去别处 42. break(打破) + away(离开,逃脱)→打破束缚而离开→突然挣脱 43. get(离开,移动) + away(去别处)→前往另一个地方→度假 44. give(给予)+ away(泄露,出卖)→泄露 45. pull(开动,行驶) + away(离开)→车辆开动 46. turn(翻转)+ away(去掉)→拒绝 2 放到，放进(尤指封闭的空间)，在适当的地方 47. store(储存)+ away(在适当的地方)→储存 48. put(放,安置) + away(在适当的地方)→把……放好，保存起来→将……收起 49. pack(打包,收拾) + away(放进封闭空间)→收拾好 3 连续不断地，渐逝地 50. waste(使消瘦) + away(渐逝地)→变得瘦弱，日渐消瘦51. wear(消耗,磨损)+ away(渐逝地)→消逝 52. fade(褪色,变暗)+ away(渐逝地)→慢慢褪色，逐渐消失 关联拓展 die away逐渐消失,逐渐减弱; burn away烧掉,烧光 同源6 on 型 1 在……上，凭，靠，根据，用在动词后引出附加信息 53. build(建立,发展)+ on(根据)→以……为基础 54. take(呈现,采取)+ on(用在动词后引出附加信息)→呈现(新面貌) 55. act (行动,起作用) + on(在······上)→在……上起作用→作用于……，影响 关联拓展 rely/ depend on 依靠; be based on...基于……; draw on 凭借,利用 2 继续地，不停地，一个接一个地 56. carry(携带,承载) + on(继续地)→带着某事继续往前走→继续做，继承 57. pass(传递,传送)+ on(一个接一个地)→继续传递，传下去 关联拓展 insist on 坚持; hang on 抓紧,坚持,不放弃,别挂电话; switch on 接通,打开; work on继续工作 3 关于……,在……方面 58. reflect(深思,反省) + on (关于……)→认真思考，沉思 59. center(把······放在中央) + on(在······方面)→把注意力、活动或兴趣集中在某个特定的主题或对象上，以……为中心 关联拓展 work on 致力于; call on号召; agree on 达成共识 同源7 off型 1 离开，离去，去掉，减去，脱离，去除 60. brush(刷,拂)+ off(去掉)→刷去,拂去→引申为：冷落 61. go(走)+ off(离开)→ ①人走开去做某事→离开 ②子弹、火药等到处走→爆炸 ③警报器的声音传开→突然响起 62. take(携带,带领,拿走)+ off(离开)→ ①拿走衣服等，使之离开身体→脱下 ②带着飞机离开跑道→起飞 ③带着假期离开→休假，请假 关联拓展 give off 释放,发出; start off 出发; see off为……送行 2 中断，休息，不上学(工作)，取消 63. drop(垂下眼睛)+ off(休息)→打瞌睡 64. lay(安置,放置) + off(停止)→让某人停止工作→解雇 65. hold(保持)+ off(中断)→延迟 66. put(放置)+ off(中断)→推迟,延期 关联拓展 cut off切断; break off①打破物品,使之断裂→折断②打破谈话、关系等，使之中断→停顿，中断 3 [加强语气]完全，彻底 67. kill(扼杀,使终止) + off(完全,彻底)→使某事物停止，消除 68. show(展示) + off(彻底) →炫耀 关联拓展 sell off 抛售; clear off 离开,彻底还清(债务); pay off成功,奏效 同源8 in型 1 (车、船等)驶入，进入，进来 69. pull(车辆转向)+ in(进站)→车辆拐进车站→(车)进站70. call(叫)+ in(进入)→叫⋯⋯进来→叫来,召来 71. move(搬家)+ in(进入)→搬进新居 关联拓展 break in 强行进入,打断; cut in 插嘴; drop in 顺便拜访; roll in 蜂拥而至; take in 领会 2 递交，送至 72. hand(交,递)+ in(递交)→把作业等交上来→提交，上交 73. turn(使转向)+ in(送至)→上交,呈交 同源9 out型 1 向外，出来，到底，完全地 74. round(使圆满) + out(完全地)→使完整,使圆满 75. reach(伸手)+ out(向外)→伸出手去 76. print(印刷)+ out(出来)→印出 77. hang(逗留,徘徊)+ out(在外面)→闲逛,消磨时间 78. top(到达顶端) + out(完全地)→达到最高点 关联拓展 rule out 把……排除在外; storm out气冲冲地离开; bring out使显现; turn out 结果是; fill out 填写 2 殆尽，至灭绝，除掉，熄灭 79. die(死)+ out(殆尽)→家族、种族等死亡殆尽→灭绝 80. cut(切)+ out(清除,除掉)→删除 81. blow(吹)+ out(熄灭)→被熄灭,吹灭 关联拓展 run out用完,耗尽; tire out 使筋疲力尽; wear out磨损,穿破; give out用完,耗尽 3 彻底地，出现，发生 82. carry(促使)+ out(发生)→实施,执行 83. cancel(互相抵消)+ out(彻底地)→对消,抵消 84. hold(能承受)+ out(彻底地)→坚持 关 联 拓 展 clear out 清 除, 弄干净,把······清空; wipe out消灭 同源10 through型 1 穿过，通过，接通着 85. put(使处于……) + through(接通着)→给……接通电话 86. put(使) + through(通过)→使人通过磨难、考验、痛苦等→使经受，折磨 87. break(打破)+ through(穿过)→打破包围并通过→冲破，突破→引申为：取得重大 突破 关联拓展 drag through 费力地通过; drill through 钻透; pull through 渡过难关 2 自始至终，从头到尾，彻底地 88. sit(坐)+ through(自始至终)→在整个期间一直坐着→坐到……结束 89. look(看) + through(从头到尾)→从头看到尾→浏览 关联拓展 carry through 贯彻,完成,坚持下去; go through 经历; pull through 使恢复健康; search through 搜查; run through 快速阅读 同源11 over型 1 倒下，落下 90. trip(绊,绊倒)+ over(倒下)→绊倒 91. knock (碰,撞)+ over(倒下)→撞倒,撞翻 关联拓展 fall over 跌倒,摔倒; keel over 倒下,晕倒; push over推倒,推翻 2 从……落下，渡过，遍及 92. get(逐渐……起来)+ over(渡过)→从疾病中恢复常态93. spill(溢出）+over(从......落下） 94. spread(传播)+ over(遍布)→使遍布,覆盖 ▷关联拓展 bridge over 渡过,越过; glance over浏览; look over查看,检查 3 控制，向一边，改变，交出，移交 95. take(拿走,获取) + over(控制)→接管,接手 96. pull(把车开到某处停下) + over(向一边)→把车开到边上→靠边停车 97. switch(转变,改变) + over(改变)→从一个状态、系统或活动转换到另一个→转换 98. sign(签署,签名)+ over(交出,移交)→签署名字以交出所属权→签字转让 关联拓展 come over 顺便拜访; hand/ turn over移交; win over 把······争取过来; roll over 翻身 4 仔细地，从头至尾，重复地 99. go(做) + over(仔细地)→仔细考虑,思索 100. go(走)+ over(从头至尾)→眼光从头到尾走一遍→仔细查看，浏览 101. think(想,思考) + over(重复地)→仔细 关联拓展 check over 检查,仔细核对; look over查看,检查; run over快速通读(或练习); watch over监视 同源12 apart型 1 不在一起，分开 102. set(使)+ apart(分开)→使某人或某物与其他人或物分开→分离 103. live(生活,居住) + apart(不在一起,分开)→分开住，分居 104. tell(辨别)+ apart(分开)→分辨,区分 关联拓展 drift apart 逐渐疏远; draw apart 拉开,越离越远; keep apart 分离 2 解体，成碎片 105. tear(撕扯)+ apart(成碎片)→撕碎 106. fall(进入某状态,开始变成某事物)+ apart(解体)→破裂，破碎 107. take(使)+ apart(成碎片)→把······拆散 关联拓展 come apart破碎; pull apart 拆散 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$