5. 2025年高一英语寒假作业 单词复习+习题精做 每天80分钟 （五） 学习测试版+答案解析版

第1部分 巩固提升 必修第一册 2025高一寒假作业 每天80分钟 （一） 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. tornado n. (pl. -oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风 2. drought n. 旱灾；久旱 3. landslide n. (landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 4. tsunami n. 海啸 5. volcanic eruption火山喷发 6. magnitude n. (地)震级；重大 7. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离 8. helicopter n. 直升机 9. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂 10. brick n. 砖；砖块 11. metal n. 金属 12. unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体 13. volcano n. (pl. -oes or -os)火山 14. erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 15. typhoon n. 台风 16. hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 17. whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 18. kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 19. first aid kit急救箱 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2. slide vi. & vt. (slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动 3. flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没 4. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 5. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 6. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 7. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 8. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) 9. gas n. 气体；燃气；汽油 10. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 11. percent n. 百分之…… adj. & adv. 每一百中 12. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 13. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 14. context n. 上下文；语境；背景 15. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl. ]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 16. tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 17. pipe n. 管子；管道 18. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 19. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静 20. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. (formal)帮助；援助 21. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 22. sweep vt. & vi. (swept，swept)打扫；清扫 23. wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 24. strike vi. & vt. (struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. death n. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的→deadly adj. 致命的→die v. 死亡 2. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3. electricity n. 电；电能→electric adj. 电的；用电的→electronic adj. 电子的 4. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬→burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 5. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 6. revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏 7. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的→unwise adj. 不明智的 8. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦→sufferer n. 患者；受难者 9. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 10. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强有力的；有影响力的→powerless adj. 无力的 11. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 投递；送交 12. summary n. 总结；概括；概要→summaris(z)e vt. & vi. 总结；概括 13. effect n. 效果；结果；影响→effective adj. 有效的 14. length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen v. (使)变长 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. as if似乎；好像；仿佛 2. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 3. in shock震惊；吃惊 4. in the open air露天；在户外 5. on hand现有(尤指帮助) 6. sweep away消灭；彻底消除 7. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 8. as usual像往常一样 9. come to an end告终；结束 10. the number of……的数量 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. (too. . . to. . . ) 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 2. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气) 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3. Water，food，and electricity were hard to get. (主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do) 没有水和食物，电也停了。 4. Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (those who. . . ) 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 5. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries. (现在分词短语作结果状语) 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。 6. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. (be doing. . . when. . . 正在做……突然……) 当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 晨检得分 _______/71 · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 2. drought n. 旱灾；久旱 3. tsunami n. 海啸 4. helicopter n. 直升机 5. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂 6. brick n. 砖；砖块 7. metal n. 金属 8. unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体 9. hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 10. whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1. 5分，共18分) 1. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 2. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 3. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 4. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 5. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 6. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 7. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 8. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl. ]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 9. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静 10. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) 11. wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 12. strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题1. 5分，共9分) 1. effect n. 效果；结果；影响→effective adj. 有效的 2. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3. electricity n. 电；电能→electric adj. 电的；用电的→electronic adj. 电子的 4. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强有力的；有影响力的→powerless adj. 无力的 5. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 投递；送交 6. revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏 Ⅳ. 拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1. breeze n. 微风；和风；轻而易举的事 vt. 轻盈而自信地走 2. become jaded with对……感到厌倦 3. beam n. 光线；束；梁 vi. & vt. 照射；发光；发热 4. web n. 蛛网；网络，错综复杂的事物 5. deliberately adv. 故意；蓄意；从容不迫地→deliberate adj. 故意的；蓄意的 vi. & vt. 深思熟虑 Ⅴ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共14分) 1. as if似乎；好像；仿佛 2. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 3. in shock震惊；吃惊 4. in the open air露天；在户外 5. refuse to do sth拒绝做某事 6. as usual像往常一样 7. sweep away消灭；彻底消除 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分) 1. The wise man has much wisdom and can handle various matters wisely. (wisdom) 2. We measured the length of the area and found it was just three meters long and thus，we needed to lengthen it. (length) 3. He takes a deep breath and breathes in the sweet smell of fresh flowers. (breathe) 4. Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival. Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors. (survive) 5. The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now. (dead) 6. When you write a summary of an article，summaris(z)ing the main idea of each part is the first step. (summary) 7. She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident and her suffering is beyond description. (suffer) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题2. 5分，共15分) 1. The summer vacation came to an end at last and we would return to school. 2. With the development of China，the number of people studying Chinese in the West is increasing rapidly. 3. What made us frustrated was that the floods swept away all the houses. 4. It was because of an unexpected rain that we couldn’t go on a picnic in the open air. 5. He wants to see me now，but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 6. So many years of fighting have left the area in ruins. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 看到凶猛的熊，埃莉吓呆了，害怕得一动不动。(读后续写之心理描写)(too. . . to. . . )(2020·浙江7月，读后续写) At the sight of the fierce bear，Elli froze with terror，too scared to move an inch. 2. 他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞似的，兴奋得睁大了眼睛。(as if引导的虚拟语气) (2022·浙江6月) He throws his arms and legs out as if he were flying，his eyes wide with excitement. 3. 我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写) My head was difficult to pull out of the huge pumpkin. 4. 想参加此次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(those who. . . ) Those who want to participate in the picking activity are required to gather at the school gate at 7：00 am tomorrow. 5. 当我在浏览我们学校的网站时，我注意到了英文报纸Youth。(be doing. . . when. . . ) I was surfing our school’s website when I noticed the English newspaper Youth. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与自然之热带气旋与死亡率 说明文 509 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与自然之自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划 说明文 346 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之1976年唐山大地震的灾难过程及灾后救援 记叙文 569 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与自然之1976年唐山大地震的灾难过程及灾后救援 说明文 172 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 学校生活 建议信 如何克服孤独和学习压力的建议 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高一上·广东茂名·期末）Hurricane Helene may have already hit the southeast, but its deadly aftermath could last a decade or more. Tropical cyclones, which include hurricanes like Helene and other whirling storms, boost local death rates for up to 15 years after whipping (肆虐) along U. S. coastlines, scientists reported on October 2 in Nature. Each storm may indirectly cause between 7,000 and 11,000 deaths, estimate University of California, Berkeley environmental economist Rachel Young and Stanford University economist Solomon Hsiang. That’s a Mount Everest of an estimate compared to 24—the official number of the average deaths released by the National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The results suggest that “hurricanes and tropical storms are a much greater public health concern than anyone previously thought,” Young says. Using a statistical model, young and Hsiang analyzed the impact of all 501 tropical cyclones that hit the contiguous united states from 1930 to 2015. They measured changes in mortality (死亡数量) for up to 20 years after each of these storms. Their analysis suggests that an individual hurricane may indirectly lead to thousands of lives lost. And taken together, the storms could have caused as many as 5 percent of all deaths over that time period. Young and Hsiang don’t know all the ways hurricanes may result in mortality, but they have some ideas. It’s possible the stress of a surviving such a storm, or the pollution left in the wake of destruction, harms people’s health or maybe local governments have less money to spend on health care after rebuilding damaged infrastructure (基础设施). “It could be some combination of these and other factors,” Young say. She’s interested in digging into what’s going on. In the meantime, Young thinks her team’s work highlights the need for new disaster response polices—ones aimed at dealing with the long-term impact of hurricanes. “We really pull together after these disasters to help people immediately in the aftermath,” she says. “But we need to be thinking about these folks long after those initial responses are over. ” 1. What does the underlined phrase “a Mount Everest” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Hardly noticeable. B. Amazingly high. C. Definitely impressive. D. still acceptable. 2. Which of the following is unlikely to cause an increase in mortality according to Young and Hsiang? A. Direct deaths caused by hurricanes. B. Reduced spending on healthcare. C. Psychological stress after a hurricane. D. Environmental pollution left behind. 3. What does Young’s team call for in the last paragraph? A. Counting the loss caused by hurricanes. B. Immediate disaster response policies. C. Initial responses for the disaster sufferers. D. Disaster response policies considering long-term effect. 4. What’s the main idea of the text? A. The ways hurricanes may contribute to mortality. B. Hurricanes have a lasting influence on mortality rates. C. The official analysis of hurricanes is inaccurate. D. Hurricanes should get a greater public health concern. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】自然灾害与防范、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家研究发现，热带气旋（包括飓风等）在美国海岸线肆虐后，会导致当地死亡率在接下来的多年里持续上升，且其影响远大于之前人们的认知。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Each storm may indirectly cause between 7,000 and 11,000 deaths(每一场风暴可能间接造成7000到11000人死亡)”以及第三段“compared to 24—the official number of the average deaths(和官方公布的平均死亡人数24对比)”可知，飓风带来的实际死亡人数为7000到11000人，与官方发布的数据24人相差巨大，因此“a Mount Everest”的意思是“令人惊讶地高”。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Their analysis suggests that an individual hurricane may indirectly lead to thousands of lives lost. (他们的分析表明，单个飓风可能间接导致数千人丧生。)”以及第五段中“It’s possible the stress of a surviving such a storm, or the pollution left in the wake of destruction, harms people’s health or maybe local governments have less money to spend on health care after rebuilding damaged infrastructure (基础设施). (可能是在这样一场风暴中幸存下来的压力，或者是破坏后留下的污染，损害了人们的健康，或者是地方政府在重建受损的基础设施后，用于医疗保健的资金减少了。)”可知，Young和Hsiang认为灾后死亡数量升高的原因不包括直接死亡人数，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the meantime, Young thinks her team’s work highlights the need for new disaster response polices—ones aimed at dealing with the long-term impact of hurricanes. (与此同时，Young认为她的团队的工作强调了新的灾难应对政策的必要性——旨在应对飓风的长期影响。)”可知，Young的团队呼吁政府出台应对飓风长久影响的政策措施，故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Hurricane Helene may have already hit the southeast, but its deadly aftermath could last a decade or more. (飓风“海伦”可能已经袭击了东南部，但其致命的后果可能会持续十年或更长时间。)”，第二段中“Tropical cyclones, which include hurricanes like Helene and other whirling storms, boost local death rates for up to 15 years after whipping (肆虐) along U. S. coastlines(热带气旋，包括像海伦（Helene）这样的飓风和其他旋转的风暴，在美国海岸线肆虐之后，会使当地死亡率在长达15年的时间里持续上升。)”以及第四段中“Their analysis suggests that an individual hurricane may indirectly lead to thousands of lives lost. (他们的分析表明，单个飓风可能间接导致数千人丧生。)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家研究发现，热带气旋（包括飓风等）在美国海岸线肆虐后，会导致当地死亡率在接下来的多年里持续上升，且其影响远大于之前人们的认知，因此主旨是B选项“Hurricanes have a lasting influence on mortality rates. (飓风对死亡率有持久的影响。)”。故选B。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高一上·河北张家口·期末）For outdoor lovers, it is important to be prepared for any kind of natural disasters in the open air. That means having a disaster response plan. 5 . And it also should include what resources should be taken on your trip. Different types of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; avalanches may occur in mountainous areas in winter and landslides in summer. 6 . This can help you find the right survival ways in different conditions. 7 . Any disaster that may separate you from other people for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days. It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must. What you bring should be suited to the disaster you might face. Once you complete your survival plan, it’s better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 8 . If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wild, you should put your survival plan into effect immediately. First of all, stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. 9 . Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious, do not panic, and do not easily abandon your plan. A. Then contact others for help B. It includes the types of disasters that may occur C. Therefore, always do some research ahead of time D. So, revising it frequently is strongly recommended E. But you can turn to some experts for help in person F. These disasters can lead to extremely serious consequences G. While planning, the most important thing to consider is what to pack 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. G 8. D 9. A 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】方法/策略、自然灾害与防范 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就在自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划提出一些建议。 5. 根据上文“That means having a disaster response plan. (这意味着要有一个灾难应对计划)”和下文“And it also should include what resources should be taken on your trip. (它还应该包括你在旅行中应该带什么资源)”可知，空处承上启下，说明灾难应对计划的具体内容。故B选项“它包括可能发生的灾害类型”符合语境，故选B。 6. 根据上文“Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; avalanches may occur in mountainous areas in winter and landslides in summer. (沙漠地区更容易受到干旱的影响；沿海地区更容易出现飓风；山区冬季可能发生雪崩，夏季可能发生滑坡)”可知，不同地区会发生不同的灾害，因此一定要提前做一些研究。后文中“This”代词指代C内容，故C选项“因此，一定要提前做一些研究”符合语境，故选C。 7. 根据下文“Any disaster that may separate you from other people for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days. It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must. What you bring should be suited to the disaster you might face. (任何可能让你和其他人分开一段时间的灾难都需要你自己提供至少几天的食物、水和住所。带光源也是个好主意。对于可能弄湿设备的灾难，无焰光源是必须的。你带来的东西应该适合你可能面临的灾难)”可知，本段主要讨论在规划时，最重要的是要考虑打包什么。故G选项“在做计划时，最重要的是要考虑打包什么”符合语境，故选G。 8. 根据上文“Once you complete your survival plan, it’s better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. (一旦你完成了生存计划，最好定期回顾一下。当自然灾害来袭时，你可能没有时间浏览文件或上网寻求建议)”可知，空处和上文形成因果关系，因为完成生存计划以后可能没有时间浏览文件或寻求建议，空处引出结果措施。故D选项“因此，强烈建议经常修改它”符合语境，故选D。 9. 根据上文“First of all, stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. (首先，保持冷静，果断行动，开始努力让自己活下去)”可知，上文提到首先保持冷静，果断行动，开始努力让自己活下去，空处承接上文，说明接下来该怎么办。故A选项“然后联系其他人寻求帮助”符合语境。故选A。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·新疆喀什·期末）Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. 10 several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A 11 gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous 12 . Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could 13 outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. But the one million people were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at 14 end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 15 is more than two hundred kilometers away. A huge crack, eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide 16 across houses, roads and canals. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in 17 . Two-thirds of people were dead or injured. During the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children 18 without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was 19 . All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, 20 , no wind could blow them away. The railway tracks were now 21 pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. People were in shock. Then, later that afternoon, 22 big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to rescue trapped people. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Workers built 23 for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. 24 , the city began to breathe again. 10. A. Before B. For C. After D. At 11. A. smelly B. delicious C. bitter D. quite 12. A. to learn B. to stress C. to eat D. to compete 13. A. heard B. got C. led D. eaten 14. A. / B. the C. a D. an 15. A. which B. who C. what D. where 16. A. bury B. cut C. spoke D. affected 17. A. shock B. demand C. aid D. ruins 18. A. were left B. were carved C. were cheated D. were host 19. A. developed B. arranged C. destroyed D. admired 20. A. and B. but C. as if D. despite 21. A. hopeless B. endless C. breathless D. useless 22. A. another B. other C. others D. one 23. A. forests B. shelters C. lands D. apartments 24. A. Unluckily B. Quickly C. Slowly D. Obviously 【答案】 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 【难度】0. 85 【知识点】自然灾害与防范、记叙文、生活故事 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1976年唐山大地震的灾难过程及灾后救援情况。 10. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：在几天的时间里，村里的井水涨涨落落。A. Before在……之前；B. For（表示一段时间）达，计，持续；C. After在……之后；D. At在（某时间或某地点）。根据后文的“the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell”可知，井水持续涨涨落落，for表示持续一段时间，符合语境。故选B。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一股难闻的气体从裂缝中冒出来。A. smelly难闻的；B. delicious美味的；C. bitter苦的；D. quite相当，十分。根据后文的“came out of the cracks”和常识可知，从裂缝中冒出来的气体通常是难闻的。故选A。 12. 考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：在农场上，鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西。A. to learn学习；B. to stress强调；C. to eat吃；D. to compete竞争。根据前文的“the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous”和常识可知，地震前动物们都表现得非常紧张，因此吃不下东西。too nervous to eat“紧张得吃不下东西”。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在唐山城外没有飞机的时候，也能听到飞机的声音。A. heard听到；B. got得到；C. led领导；D. eaten吃。根据前文的“The sound of planes could”可知，飞机的声音能被听到。故选A。 14. 考查冠词词义辨析。句意：世界似乎到了尽头！A. /；B. the；C. a；D. an。根据空前的a和空后的end可知，本空用an，at an end为固定短语，意为“结束，终止”。故选D。 15. 考查定语从句。句意：在北京也能感觉到，而北京离这里有两百多公里。A. which （引导定语从句，先行词为物，在定语从句中which代替先行词作主语、宾语）；B. who（引导定语从句，先行词为人，在非限制性定语从句中who代替先行词作主语）；C. what什么（不引导定语从句）；D. where哪里（引导定语从句，where在定语从句中代替先行词作地点状语）。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故选A。 16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一条八公里长、三十米宽的巨大裂缝穿过房屋、道路和运河。A. bury埋葬；B. cut切；C. spoke说；D. affected影响。根据前文的“A huge crack, eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide”和后文的“across houses, roads and canals”可知，裂缝穿过房屋、道路和运河，cut across为固定短语，意为“穿过”。故选B。 17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市化为废墟。A. shock震惊；B. demand要求；C. aid援助；D. ruins废墟。根据前文的“In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in”和后文的“Two-thirds of people were dead or injured. During the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed”可知，死亡或受伤人数众多，因此地震强度很大，破坏力很强，城市化为废墟。故选D。 18. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：成千上万的家庭在地震中惨遭杀害，许多孩子被迫处于没有父母的状态。A. were left被使得处于某种状态，被留下；B. were carved被雕刻；C. were cheated被欺骗；D. were host被主持。根据后文的“without parents”可知，许多孩子被迫处于没有父母的状态。故选A。 19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们看到的一切几乎都被破坏了。A. developed发展；B. arranged安排；C. destroyed破坏；D. admired钦佩。根据后文的“All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves”可知，城市的一切都被破坏了。故选C。 20. 考查连词辨析。句意：砖块像红色的秋叶一样覆盖着地面，尽管没有风能把它们吹走。A. and和；B. but但是；C. as if好像；D. despite尽管。根据前文“Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves”和后文“no wind could blow them away”可知，前后文为转折关系，应用but连接。故选B。 21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：铁轨现在成了无用的钢片。A. hopeless无望的；B. endless无尽的；C. breathless喘不过气来的；D. useless无用的。根据后文的“pieces of steel”可知，地震破坏力很大，因此铁轨也变成了无用的钢片。故选D。 22. 考查代词辨析。句意：然后，那天下午晚些时候，又发生了一场大地震。A. another另一个；B. other其他的；C. others其他的人或物；D. one一个。根据后文的“big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down”可知，又发生了一场大地震，another表示三者或三者以上的另一个。故选A。 23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：工人们为幸存者建造了避难所。A. forests森林；B. shelters避难所；C. lands土地；D. apartments公寓。根据后文的“for survivors”可知，为幸存者建造避难所。故选B。 24. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，这座城市又开始焕发生机。A. Unluckily不幸地；B. Quickly快速地；C. Slowly慢慢地；D. Obviously明显地。根据后文的“the city began to breathe again”可知，城市开始复苏，这是一个缓慢的过程。故选C。 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高一上·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Sri Lanka, about 2, 498 people were killed and one million more 25 (affect) by the tsunami. As many as 1, 900 people died along the southern coast in India. Another 254 were found 26 (die) and many more were hurt 27 missing in Thailand. Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths is expected 28 (grow). The damage caused by the tsunami will make 29 difficult to deliver food and supplies to survivors. Factory farming involves 30 (keep) farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from 31 (be) a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population 32 has already reached 7 billion. On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals, since many farm animals are kept in small spaces 33 they can hardly move. People 34 fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress. 【答案】 25. were affected 26. dead 27. or 28. to grow 29. it 30. keeping 31. being 32. that/which 33. where 34. who/that 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】自然灾害与防范 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了期里兰卡海啸造成的危害。 25. 考查时态和语态。句意：在斯里兰卡，海啸造成约 2, 498 人死亡，另有 100 万人受灾。此处在and后面的句子中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，且主语和动词affect是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主要是复数，be动词应用were，故填were affected。 26. 考查形容词。句意：泰国另有 254 人被发现死亡，还有更多人受伤或失踪。此处应用形容词dead作主语补足语，故填dead。 27. 考查连词。句意：泰国另有 254 人被发现死亡，还有更多人受伤或失踪。此处表示“或者”，应用选择连词or，故填or。 28. 考查非谓语动词。句意：仍有数千人失踪，死亡人数预计还会增加。be expected to do sth. 固定搭配，意为“预计做某事”，故填to grow。 29. 考查形式宾语。句意：海啸造成的破坏将导致向幸存者运送食物和物资变得困难。make it+形容词+ to do sth. 为固定句型，表示“做某事是……”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，故填it。 30. 考查非谓语动词。句意：工厂化养殖涉及将农场动物饲养在建筑物内以增加肉或蛋的产量。involve doing sth. 固定搭配，意为“涉及做某事”，故填keeping。 31. 考查非谓语动词。句意：工厂化农业的主要论点是，除了比传统农业或有机农业便宜得多之外，它还为已经达到 70 亿的世界人口提供了更多的食物。介词from后应用动名词作宾语，故填being。 32. 考查定语从句。句意：工厂化农业的主要论点是，除了比传统农业或有机农业便宜得多之外，它还为已经达到 70 亿的世界人口提供了更多的食物。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词world population，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导，故填that/which。 33. 考查定语从句。句意：另一方面，工厂化养殖的反对者表示，这对动物来说很残酷，因为许多农场动物被关在狭小的空间里，它们几乎无法移动。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spaces，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 34. 考查定语从句。句意：为动物权利而斗争的人们声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导，故填who/that。 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 35. （24-25高一上·河北张家口·期末）假定你是李华，在全国防灾减灾日 (National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day)即将到来之际，你校将举办一场以防灾减灾为主题的讲座，请你写封邮件邀请你的外国朋友Tom参加，内容包括： 1. 邮件的目的； 2. 讲座的主要内容； 3. 讲座的时间和地点。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom, As the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day is approaching, our school will hold a lecture with the theme of disaster prevention and mitigation. I’m writing to invite you to attend the lecture. The lecture will cover various disasters like earthquakes and floods. What’s more, it will introduce practical and effective prevention tips and crucial self-rescue methods. It will be held in the school hall at 3 p. m. this Friday. I’m truly eager for your presence. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】自然灾害与防范、邀请 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写封邮件邀请你的外国朋友Tom参加以防灾减灾为主题的讲座。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 临近：approach→around the corner 举行：hold→host 演讲：lecture→speech 主题：theme→topic 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：The lecture will cover various disasters like earthquakes and floods. What’s more, it will introduce practical and effective prevention tips and crucial self-rescue methods. 拓展句：Not only will the lecture cover various disasters like earthquakes and floods, but also it will introduce practical and effective prevention tips and crucial self-rescue methods. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day is approaching, our school will hold a lecture with the theme of disaster prevention and mitigation. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] I’m writing to invite you to attend the lecture. (运用了不定式作状语和宾补) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第1部分 巩固提升 必修第一册 2025高一寒假作业 每天80分钟 （一） 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. tornado n. (pl. -oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风 2. drought n. 旱灾；久旱 3. landslide n. (landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 4. tsunami n. 海啸 5. volcanic eruption火山喷发 6. magnitude n. (地)震级；重大 7. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离 8. helicopter n. 直升机 9. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂 10. brick n. 砖；砖块 11. metal n. 金属 12. unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体 13. volcano n. (pl. -oes or -os)火山 14. erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 15. typhoon n. 台风 16. hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 17. whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 18. kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 19. first aid kit急救箱 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2. slide vi. & vt. (slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动 3. flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没 4. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 5. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 6. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 7. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 8. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) 9. gas n. 气体；燃气；汽油 10. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 11. percent n. 百分之…… adj. & adv. 每一百中 12. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 13. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 14. context n. 上下文；语境；背景 15. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl. ]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 16. tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 17. pipe n. 管子；管道 18. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 19. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静 20. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. (formal)帮助；援助 21. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 22. sweep vt. & vi. (swept，swept)打扫；清扫 23. wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 24. strike vi. & vt. (struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. death n. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的→deadly adj. 致命的→die v. 死亡 2. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3. electricity n. 电；电能→electric adj. 电的；用电的→electronic adj. 电子的 4. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬→burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 5. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 6. revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏 7. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的→unwise adj. 不明智的 8. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦→sufferer n. 患者；受难者 9. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 10. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强有力的；有影响力的→powerless adj. 无力的 11. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 投递；送交 12. summary n. 总结；概括；概要→summaris(z)e vt. & vi. 总结；概括 13. effect n. 效果；结果；影响→effective adj. 有效的 14. length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen v. (使)变长 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. as if似乎；好像；仿佛 2. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 3. in shock震惊；吃惊 4. in the open air露天；在户外 5. on hand现有(尤指帮助) 6. sweep away消灭；彻底消除 7. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 8. as usual像往常一样 9. come to an end告终；结束 10. the number of……的数量 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. (too. . . to. . . ) 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 2. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气) 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3. Water，food，and electricity were hard to get. (主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do) 没有水和食物，电也停了。 4. Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (those who. . . ) 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 5. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries. (现在分词短语作结果状语) 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。 6. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. (be doing. . . when. . . 正在做……突然……) 当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 晨检得分 _______/________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. tornado n. ______________ 2. drought n. ______________ 3. tsunami n. ______________ 4. helicopter n. ______________ 5. crack n. ______________ vi. & vt. ______________ 6. brick n. ______________ 7. metal n. ______________ 8. unify vi. & vt. ______________ 9. hurricane n. ______________ 10. whistle vi. ______________ vt. ______________ n. ______________ Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1. 5分，共18分) 1. ______________ n. & vt. 营救；救援 2. ______________ vt. 摧毁；毁灭 3. ______________ n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 4. ______________ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 5. ______________ n. 灾难；灾害 6. ______________ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 7. ______________ vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 8. ______________ n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl. ]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 9. ______________ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静 10. ______________ n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) 11. ______________ n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 12. ______________ vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题1. 5分，共9分) 1. ______________ n. 效果；结果；影响→______________ adj. 有效的 2. ______________ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→______________ adj. 令人震惊的→______________ adj. 感到震惊的 3. ______________ n. 电；电能→______________ adj. 电的；用电的→______________ adj. 电子的 4. ______________ n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→______________ adj. 强有力的；有影响力的→______________ adj. 无力的 5. ______________ vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→______________ n. 投递；送交 6. ______________ vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→______________ n. 振兴；复苏 Ⅳ. 拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1. ______________ n. 微风；和风；轻而易举的事 vt. 轻盈而自信地走 2. ______________对……感到厌倦 3. beam n. ______________ vi. & vt. ______________ 4. web n. ______________ 5. ______________ adv. 故意；蓄意；从容不迫地→______________ adj. 故意的；蓄意的 vi. & vt. 深思熟虑 Ⅴ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共14分) 1. ______________似乎；好像；仿佛 2. ______________严重受损；破败不堪 3. ______________震惊；吃惊 4. ______________露天；在户外 5. ______________拒绝做某事 6. ______________像往常一样 7. ______________消灭；彻底消除 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分) 1. The ______________ man has much ______________ and can handle various matters ______________. (wisdom) 2. We measured the ______________ of the area and found it was just three meters ______________ and thus，we needed to ______________ it. (length) 3. He takes a deep ______________ and ______________ in the sweet smell of fresh flowers. (breathe) 4. Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of ______________. Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in ______________ the terrible flood and they were the only two ______________. (survive) 5. The ______________ disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 ______________ up to now. (dead) 6. When you write a ______________ of an article，______________ the main idea of each part is the first step. (summary) 7. She has been ______________ from the loss of memory since she had that car accident and her ______________ is beyond description. (suffer) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题2. 5分，共15分) 1. The summer vacation ______________ at last and we would return to school. 2. With the development of China，______________ people studying Chinese in the West is increasing rapidly. 3. What made us frustrated was that the floods ______________ all the houses. 4. It was because of an unexpected rain that we couldn’t go on a picnic ______________. 5. He wants to see me now，but I have so much work ______________ that I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 6. So many years of fighting have left the area ______________. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 看到凶猛的熊，埃莉吓呆了，害怕得一动不动。(读后续写之心理描写)(too. . . to. . . )(2020·浙江7月，读后续写) At the sight of the fierce bear，Elli froze with terror，_____________________________________________. 2. 他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞似的，兴奋得睁大了眼睛。(as if引导的虚拟语气) (2022·浙江6月) He throws his arms and legs out _____________________________________________，his eyes wide with excitement. 3. 我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写) My head _____________________________________________. 4. 想参加此次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(those who. . . ) _____________________________________________ are required to gather at the school gate at 7：00 am tomorrow. 5. 当我在浏览我们学校的网站时，我注意到了英文报纸Youth。(be doing. . . when. . . ) _____________________________________________ I noticed the English newspaper Youth. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与自然之热带气旋与死亡率 说明文 509 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与自然之自然灾害到来之前制定生存计划 说明文 346 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之1976年唐山大地震的灾难过程及灾后救援 记叙文 569 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与自然之1976年唐山大地震的灾难过程及灾后救援 说明文 172 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 学校生活 建议信 如何克服孤独和学习压力的建议 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高一上·广东茂名·期末）Hurricane Helene may have already hit the southeast, but its deadly aftermath could last a decade or more. Tropical cyclones, which include hurricanes like Helene and other whirling storms, boost local death rates for up to 15 years after whipping (肆虐) along U. S. coastlines, scientists reported on October 2 in Nature. Each storm may indirectly cause between 7,000 and 11,000 deaths, estimate University of California, Berkeley environmental economist Rachel Young and Stanford University economist Solomon Hsiang. That’s a Mount Everest of an estimate compared to 24—the official number of the average deaths released by the National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The results suggest that “hurricanes and tropical storms are a much greater public health concern than anyone previously thought,” Young says. Using a statistical model, young and Hsiang analyzed the impact of all 501 tropical cyclones that hit the contiguous united states from 1930 to 2015. They measured changes in mortality (死亡数量) for up to 20 years after each of these storms. Their analysis suggests that an individual hurricane may indirectly lead to thousands of lives lost. And taken together, the storms could have caused as many as 5 percent of all deaths over that time period. Young and Hsiang don’t know all the ways hurricanes may result in mortality, but they have some ideas. It’s possible the stress of a surviving such a storm, or the pollution left in the wake of destruction, harms people’s health or maybe local governments have less money to spend on health care after rebuilding damaged infrastructure (基础设施). “It could be some combination of these and other factors,” Young say. She’s interested in digging into what’s going on. In the meantime, Young thinks her team’s work highlights the need for new disaster response polices—ones aimed at dealing with the long-term impact of hurricanes. “We really pull together after these disasters to help people immediately in the aftermath,” she says. “But we need to be thinking about these folks long after those initial responses are over. ” 1. What does the underlined phrase “a Mount Everest” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Hardly noticeable. B. Amazingly high. C. Definitely impressive. D. still acceptable. 2. Which of the following is unlikely to cause an increase in mortality according to Young and Hsiang? A. Direct deaths caused by hurricanes. B. Reduced spending on healthcare. C. Psychological stress after a hurricane. D. Environmental pollution left behind. 3. What does Young’s team call for in the last paragraph? A. Counting the loss caused by hurricanes. B. Immediate disaster response policies. C. Initial responses for the disaster sufferers. D. Disaster response policies considering long-term effect. 4. What’s the main idea of the text? A. The ways hurricanes may contribute to mortality. B. Hurricanes have a lasting influence on mortality rates. C. The official analysis of hurricanes is inaccurate. D. Hurricanes should get a greater public health concern. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高一上·河北张家口·期末）For outdoor lovers, it is important to be prepared for any kind of natural disasters in the open air. That means having a disaster response plan. 5 . And it also should include what resources should be taken on your trip. Different types of disasters are likely to occur in different areas. Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; avalanches may occur in mountainous areas in winter and landslides in summer. 6 . This can help you find the right survival ways in different conditions. 7 . Any disaster that may separate you from other people for a period of time will require you to provide your own food, water, and shelter for at least a few days. It’s also a good idea to bring light sources. For disasters that may wet your equipment, flameless light sources are a must. What you bring should be suited to the disaster you might face. Once you complete your survival plan, it’s better to review it periodically. When a natural disaster strikes, you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 8 . If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wild, you should put your survival plan into effect immediately. First of all, stay calm, act decisively, and begin working to keep yourself alive. 9 . Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious, do not panic, and do not easily abandon your plan. A. Then contact others for help B. It includes the types of disasters that may occur C. Therefore, always do some research ahead of time D. So, revising it frequently is strongly recommended E. But you can turn to some experts for help in person F. These disasters can lead to extremely serious consequences G. While planning, the most important thing to consider is what to pack 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·新疆喀什·期末）Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. 10 several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A 11 gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous 12 . Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could 13 outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. But the one million people were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at 14 end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 15 is more than two hundred kilometers away. A huge crack, eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide 16 across houses, roads and canals. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in 17 . Two-thirds of people were dead or injured. During the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children 18 without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was 19 . All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, 20 , no wind could blow them away. The railway tracks were now 21 pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. People were in shock. Then, later that afternoon, 22 big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to rescue trapped people. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Workers built 23 for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. 24 , the city began to breathe again. 10. A. Before B. For C. After D. At 11. A. smelly B. delicious C. bitter D. quite 12. A. to learn B. to stress C. to eat D. to compete 13. A. heard B. got C. led D. eaten 14. A. / B. the C. a D. an 15. A. which B. who C. what D. where 16. A. bury B. cut C. spoke D. affected 17. A. shock B. demand C. aid D. ruins 18. A. were left B. were carved C. were cheated D. were host 19. A. developed B. arranged C. destroyed D. admired 20. A. and B. but C. as if D. despite 21. A. hopeless B. endless C. breathless D. useless 22. A. another B. other C. others D. one 23. A. forests B. shelters C. lands D. apartments 24. A. Unluckily B. Quickly C. Slowly D. Obviously 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高一上·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Sri Lanka, about 2, 498 people were killed and one million more 25 (affect) by the tsunami. As many as 1, 900 people died along the southern coast in India. Another 254 were found 26 (die) and many more were hurt 27 missing in Thailand. Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths is expected 28 (grow). The damage caused by the tsunami will make 29 difficult to deliver food and supplies to survivors. Factory farming involves 30 (keep) farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from 31 (be) a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population 32 has already reached 7 billion. On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals, since many farm animals are kept in small spaces 33 they can hardly move. People 34 fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress. 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 35. （24-25高一上·河北张家口·期末）假定你是李华，在全国防灾减灾日 (National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day)即将到来之际，你校将举办一场以防灾减灾为主题的讲座，请你写封邮件邀请你的外国朋友Tom参加，内容包括： 1. 邮件的目的； 2. 讲座的主要内容； 3. 讲座的时间和地点。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$