第05讲 Units 1-4 核心词汇精讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年八年级英语寒假提升精品讲义(牛津译林版)

2025-01-03
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版(2012)八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Module 1 Travel in time and space
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使用场景 寒暑假-寒假
学年 2025-2026
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第05讲 Units 1-4核心词汇精讲练 Unit 1 Past and Present 【词汇1】time n.时代:时期 【用法】time表示”时代:时期”时常用复数形式。 例句:Times are different 时代不同了。 In ancient times,thee was a king who loved flowers.在古代,有一个国王很喜欢花。 【拓展延伸】(1)time作名词时,还可意为“时间;钟点:事件,时刻”。 例句:They have agreed on the time and place.他们已经约定好了时间和地点。 We can just hang out and have a good time.我们可以只是闲逛一下,开开心。 (2)time 还可意为“次,回”,是可数名词。 例句:Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗? Her job ts to make tea three times a day.她的工作就是每天沏三次茶。 (3)times意为“(用于比较)倍”。Point 1 例句:This planet is about ten tmes the weight of the earth.这颗行星大约是地球的10倍重。 【词汇 2】past 【用法】past 此处是名词。 in the past在过去,用一般过去时。 例句:The past passed. Let’s look ahead.过去的事过去了,我们向前看吧。 【拓展】其他词性用法: ①作形容词,意为“从前的,过去的” 例句: I haven’t seen much of her in the past few weeks.近几周来我很少见到她。 ②作介词,意为 “(表示时间)在……之后,晚于”,还可意为“经过”。 例句:It’s twenty past five. Let’s go home. The boys rushed past us .男孩们从我们身边匆匆走过。 ③作副词,意为“经过” 例句:They walked past without stopping.他们走了过去,连停都没停。 【词汇 3】present 【用法】present此处为名词,常见短语at present,意为“目前,现在”,相当于now。 例句:You’d better forget the past and start living in the present.你最好忘掉过去,开始现在的生活。 【拓展】其他此行用法“ ①作名词,意为 “礼物,礼品”. 例句:This book would be a great birthday resent. ②作动词,意为“颁发,授予”. ③作形容词。意为“当前的,现存的” 【语境串记】 Everyone present all presented a new book to that girl as a present yesterday. Look! How happy she is at present!昨天,在场的每个人都送给那个女孩一本新书作为礼物。看!她腺癌多快乐! 【词汇 4】yet 词汇 含义及用法 例句 yet 表示“已经”,用于疑问句 Have you received her letter yet? 你收到她的信了吗? 表示“还”,用于否定句,常位于句末 He hasn’t come yet.他还没来。 【词汇 5】有关"used"短语 1).过去常常做某事(现在不做了) used to do sth.=often did sth. in the past used to be...=...was/were once=was/were.in the past 2).习惯于,适应于(做)某事 be/get used to(doing) sth.(现在仍如此做) 例:我习惯于上午六点起床。I am used to getting up at 6a.m. 【词汇 6】just 1).adv.刚才(现在完成时) 例:I've just eaten it. 2).adv.正好,恰好(加强语气) 例:The shirt is just mysize. 这件衬衫正和我的尺码。 3).just now刚刚,刚才(一般过去时) 例:I ate an apple just now. 我刚刚吃了个苹果。 【词汇7】change 1)v./n.改变,变化changes in/to ……的变化 例:The town has changed a lot over the years.(v.) =There have been great changes over the years.(n.) =Great changes have taken place over the years 【词汇 8】turn 1). v.变… 例:turn green变成绿色 2). turn…into… 把……变成…… 【拓展】有关turn短语: turn on打开;turn off关上;turn up 调高音量、出现 turn down 调低音量、拒绝;turn to转向、求助于;turn to sb.for help 向某人求助 3). n.轮流 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 【词汇 9】 since (1)since 作连词,意为“自……以来”,引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,即主句(现在完成时)+since+从句(一般过去时)。 例句:He has studied very hard since he came to our school.他自来到我们学校以来就非常努力 【拓展】 ①since 可作介词,意为“自……以来”,后接表示过去的时间点。since then 意为“从那时起”。 例句:We've known about it since May. 我们从5月份起就知道这件事了。 We haven't seen each other since then. 从那以后我们没有见过面。 ②since 用作连词时,还可意为“既然,因为”,引导原因状语从句,语气比because弱。 例句:Since the rain has stopped,let's go for a walk. 既然雨停了,我们出去散散步吧。 Since we are young,we shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes. 既然我们还年轻,就不应该害怕犯错误。 注意: 如果说明某一动作或状态持续了多长时间,用“for + 一段时间”。 We have stayed in Shanghai for 3 days. 我们在上海已待了3天。 Unit 2 Travelling 【词汇1】fantastic adj. 极好的,美妙的 【用法】fantastic的名词形式是fantasy (pl. fantasies),意为“幻想”。 live in a fantasy world 生活在幻想世界中 a fantastic beach 一片极好的海滩 a fantastic achievement 一项了不起的成就 have a fantastic time = have a good/great/wonderful time 玩得非常开心 【词汇 2】 speed n. 速度 【用法】speed作名词,意为“速度”,一般用high与low来修饰; speed还可作动词,意为“加速,急行”。 常用短语: at the/a speed of ... 以……的速度 at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速 speed down 减速 speed up加速 例句: The man got so angry that he ran at his top speed.那个人很生气,他以最快的速度奔跑。 Forest fires can move at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, burning everything... 森林大火能够以高达每小时23千米的速度移动,燃烧一切…… 【词汇 3】such debt. & pron. 这样的(人或物) 【用法】so与such 都表示“如此”。so修饰形容词与副词;such修饰名词短语。 such a/an + adj. +可数名词单数 = so + adj. + a/an +可数名词单数。如: such a good book = so good a book [注意]名词前有many, much, little, few时,只能用so 修饰。 【拓展】such as 与for example Such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子 For example用来列举同类人或事物中的一个例子,在句中作插入语。 【词汇 4】couple n. 两人,两件事物;几个人,几件事物 【用法】couple作名词,常构成短语a couple of,该短语后接可数名词复数,有两种含义: 1)意为“一对,一双,两个”。 2)意为“一些,几个” 例句: We went there a couple of years ago. 【注意】 “a couple of +可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。 例句: A couple of weeks ago,I went to buy four big suitcase for travel.几周前,我去买四个大的旅行用的手提箱。 【词汇 5】stay n.停留;逗留 例句: We still make a short stay in Shanghai.我们将在上海作短暂停留。 Lucy visited the Great Wall and the Summer Palace during her stay in Beijing.露西在北京逗留期间参观了长城和颐和园。 【拓展延生】 1)stay用作动词,意为“停留,待”。常见表达有: stay with sb.和某人待在一起 stay at home待在家里 stay out待在户外,不回家 3)stay作系动词,意为 “保持”,后接形容词作表语。同义词为keep。 My grandpa does exercise every morning to stay healthy. 我爷爷为了保持健康每天晨练。 【词汇 6】whole adj. 整体的,全部的;整个的 1)all: all+限定词+单数名词,也可以与不可数名词和可数名词的复数连用。 2)Whole:限定词+whole=单数名词 Unit 3 Online tours 考点1.relax,动词,意为“放松,休息” 既可指人,又可指物,后可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。 如: ------Don't worry about it. Just relax.不要为这事担心。放松些。 ------ A hot bath can help to relax you.洗个热水澡可以帮助你放松下来。 拓展:①relaxed,形容词,意为“放松的;不拘束的;悠闲的”,常用于修饰或描述人。 如: ------ I felt relaxed after the competition.在比赛之后,我感到很放松。 ②relaxing形容词,意为“令人放松的",常用于修饰或描述物。 如: ------I like those relaxing country songs.我喜欢那些令人放松的乡村歌曲。 考点2.hard,形容词,意为“辛苦的;艰难的” 如: ------ Only hard work gives good results.只有努力工作才能有好的结果。 拓展:①hard作形容词,还可表示“坚硬的”。 如: ------ Granite is a type of hard stone.花岗岩是一种坚硬的石头。 ②hard作副词,意为“努力地;艰难地;猛烈地”。 如: ------ They tried hard to succeed.他们努力取得成功。 辨析:hard-working, work hard与hard work hard working为形容词,意为“勤奋的,工作努力的”; work hard 为动副短语,意为“努力工作”; hard work为名词短语,意为“辛苦的工作”。 考点3.pick,动词,意为“挑选” 后面可直接跟宾语,指从很多人或事物中选出其中的一个或一部分。 如: It took her two hours to pick a dress that suited her.她花了两个小时才挑选了一条适合她的连衣裙。 拓展: ①pick,动词,意为“采摘”。 如: Can you pick some flowers for the dinner table?你能采些花放在餐桌上吗? ②pick up意为“拿起,捡起;(开车)接人”。 如: ------He picked up his knife and fork.他拿起了刀叉。 ③pick out意为“挑选”。 如: ------ Who will you pick out to represent the whole team?你将挑选谁来代表全队? 考点4.dream,动词,意为“做梦,梦想” 其过去式为dreamed/dreamt,过去分词为dreamed/dreamt。固定结构dream of/about 意为“梦想;想象”,其中of/about是介词,后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 如: ------He dreams of wealth and happiness.他梦想财富和幸福。 ------ I dreamed about you last night.我昨晚梦到你了 ------ I dream of becoming a teacher.我梦想成为一名老师。 拓展:dream作名词,意为“梦,梦想”; in your dreams意为“你妄想;你在做梦”。 如: ------- He said he had a bad dream.他说他做了一个噩梦。 考点5. opposite, 名词,意为“对立的人(或物)” 是可数名词,通常与of连用。 如: ------What about your view?你的看法呢? ------My view is the opposite of yours.我的看法和你的相反。 拓展: ①opposite作介词,意为“.....对面: .....相反”。 如: ------ He came in and took a seat opposite me.他进来了,坐在我对面的座位上。 ②opposite 作形容词,意为“相反的;对面的;对立的”。 如: ------ He cried to his friend on the opposite side of the street.他朝街道对面的他的朋友大声呼唤。 考点6.mind,动词,意为“介意” 固定结构mind (sb. /one's) doing sth. ,意为“介意(某人)做某事”。固定句型“Would/Do you mind doing ... ?"用来委婉、客气地请求、建议、劝说对方做某事或询问对方是否可以做某事,其否定结构为“Would/Do you mind not doing...?”,意为“请你不要..好吗?”或“请问你介意不.....?””,用以委婉地请求、建议对方不要做某事。 如: ➢Would you mind not parking your car here?请你不要把你的汽车停在这儿好吗? Sorry. I will move it right away.对不起。我这就挪开它。 注意:回答问句时要注意yes或no都是针对mind。表示“介意,在乎”时用yes,后跟句子,意思是不让对方做某事;表示“不介意,不在乎”时用no,后跟句子,表示允许对方做某事。通常如果介意就用“Yes, you'd better..."来回答;如果不介意就用“Of course not.”“Certainly not,”或“Not at all.”等来回答。 如: ------Would you mind my smoking here?你介意我在这里抽烟吗? ------You'd better not.你最好不要。 Unit 4 A good read 1. against against作介词,其用法如下: (1)反对,违反。对应的反义词为for,常用于be against sb. / sth.“反对某人/某事”。 例如:Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多数人反对做兼职工作吗? (2)和……交战(指竞争、比赛等)。例如: We’ll have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week. 下星期我们将与二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。 (3)碰、装、擦。例如: Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗户上。 (4)倚着、靠着。例如: There was a ladder propped up(支撑) against the wall. 一把梯子靠着墙。 (5)防备,抗……。例如: She saved money against old age. 她攒钱防老。 (6)逆着……。例如: We are sailing against the wind. 我们(的船)正逆风航行。 (7)衬托,相映,对照。例如: Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。 2. until until意为“直到……”,有下列用法: (1)作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。 例如: She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那一直等到9点钟。 (2)作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。 例如: We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 【拓展】 (1)until用在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。例如: I will wait here until you come back. 我会在这里等到你回来。 (2)until可用于否定句中,即not…until…意为“直到……才……”,常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等,强调主句动作开始的时间。例如: The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来,那个孩子才睡觉。 3. either (1)either作副词,意为“也”。通常用于否定句中。例如: If you don’t go, I will not go, either. 如果你不去,我也不去。 【拓展】 also,too与either都有“也”的意思,但用法不同: 1)also用于肯定句,位置通常位于句中,比too更为正式。例如: I also go to work by bike. 我也骑自行车上班。 2)too用于肯定句且置于句末,其前用逗号隔开;在简略答语中too常置于代词的宾格形式之后。例如: — Tom likes music and Mary does, too. 汤姆喜欢音乐,玛丽也喜欢。 — Me, too. 我也是。 Jack is a worker, too. Jack也是工人。 3)either用于否定句且置于句末,其前用逗号隔开。例如: He can’t swim. I can’t swim, either. 他不会游泳,我也不会。 (2)either作形容词,意为“任一的;两方的”。例如: The thief was put in the police car with a policeman on either side of him. 窃贼被送到警车上,身旁各坐着一个警察。 (3)either作代词,意为“任一”。指代两者中的任何一个。例如: You may take either of the roads. 两条路你随便走哪一条。 4. manage manage作动词,意为“管理;设法对付”。manage to do sth.意为“设法做到某事”。例如: He managed the company when his father was away. 他父亲离开的时候,由他管理公司。 We managed to save the people in the village. 我们设法救了那个村庄的人。 【拓展】 辨析:try to do sth.与manage to do sth. (1)try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”,但是不一定做成。 例如: He tried to get the work done with little help. 他尽量在没有什么帮助的情况下完成工作。 (2)manage to do sth.则表示“设法做某事而且成功了”。例如: He managed to pass the examination. = He succeeded in passing the examination. 他成功地通过了考试。 5. must must作情态动词,意为“必须、一定要”,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,其后需要接动词原形;但要注意,当must用于否定句时,mustn’t 的意思不是“不必”,而是“一定不能”。例如: You must finish your homework today. 你必须今天把作业做完。 You mustn’t play with matches. 你绝对不能玩火柴。 Must we go right now? 我们非要现在就走吗? 【拓展】 辨析:must与have to (1)have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。例如: It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨,我不得不待在家里。 (2)must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;不允许”。例如: You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。 口诀:“主观职责”说“必须”,must赶紧用上去;若是“环境”“不得不”,赶紧换用have to。 6. success success 作名词,意为“成功”。表示抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。 【拓展】 (1)succeed 表示“成功”,是不及物动词;succeed 后通常接in doing sth.,表示做某事做成功了。例如: His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。 At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那个问题解决了。 She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。 (2)successful作形容词,意为“成功的”。例如: The performance was successful. 演出很成功。 It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。 7. experience (1)experience用作及物动词,表示“体验,经历”等。例如: The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。 Have you ever experienced any jungle life? 你曾经体验过丛林生活吗? 【注意】 有时experience的过去分词experienced也用作形容词。 Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使有经验的教师也可能犯错误。 (2)experience用作不可数名词,表示“经验”;而表示“经历,感受”时,通常是可数名词。例如: Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。 He has had much experience in this kind of work. 他有丰富的经验做这项工作。 Experiences have taught us that chances may be more important than skills. 经历告诉我们机遇可能比技能更重要。 8. advice advice作不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”。例如: a piece of advice一条建议 Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。 【拓展】 (1)give advice (on)… 意为“给……提(有关……)的建议”。例如: Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗? (2)take one’s advice意为“听从某人的建议”。例如: I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day. 我会听从你的建议,每天锻炼身体。 (3)advise是advice的动词形式,意为“建议”,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。 例如: He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。 真题感知 1.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Mr Black went to New York on   (busy) yesterday. 2.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)How great! I believe these famous engineers are (Germany) 3.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Reading books is a good way to improve our (know). 4.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)Before running, the boy refused (tie) his shoes and that made him fall over. 5.(23-24八年级下·天津河西·期末)I hope David will have great (成功) in the future. 6.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末)It is said that there’s a new mall our neighbourhood. (在……对面) 7.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末)How interesting! Lisa has a (习惯) of playing with her hair when she’s nervous. 8.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)—Don’t forget to take your (护照) with you when changing money. —OK, we won’t. 9.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)More and more Chinese people hope to travel to countries in (欧洲) for a holiday. 10.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)How time flies! It is 50 years since my grandpa (marry) my grandma. 11.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期中)I (stay) in Taizhou for seven days during my last trip. I like this city very much. 12.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)I refused (receive) his invitation since we weren’t friends any more. 13.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中) (Australia) seasons are the opposite of ours because it’s in the southern hemisphere. 14.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)If you can visit a (Europe) country, which one would you choose? 15.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)The old man has many important things to do, such as the volunteers. (interview) 16.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)A moment please. It might take a (几个,数个) of minutes. 17.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段练习)He spoke feelingly about his (死的) father. 18.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)A (直达的) fight to Yunnan takes you only about 3 hours. 19.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)My car has broken down. Will you please give me a (乘坐)? 20.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)The restaurant is open every day (除了……之外) on Monday. 21.(23-24八年级下·江苏·期中)Chinese has an informal set of slang words and can help one (交流) better. 22.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)He went (到国外) for further study in his twenties. 23.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中) (recent), there have been more tourists in different places of interest in Wuxi. 24.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)Mr. Chen and his wife have been (marry) for 15 years. 25.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)More and more people are now used to (communicate) on the Internet. 26.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)It is amazing that some animals have three or four (stomach). 27.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)After the long journey, we were so tired out that we found ourselves (able) to move. 28.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The cartoon character looks much when it becomes angry. (ugly) 29.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The students have been used to (return) the books to the library on time. 30.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Who do you usually ask for on books? (advise) 31.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The main character in the novel sailed the sea to look for treasure. (hide) 32.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Don’t feed the two babies any more. Look at their (stomach) 33.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Dr. Bethune (白求恩) was a (加拿大) doctor who worked in China for many years. 34.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)The girl was angry with her boyfriend. She (拒绝) to answer his calls last night. 35.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)David has the bad (习惯) of reading books during the meals. 36.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末)The match has been (结束) for half an hour since the award was presented. 37.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末)Rude behavior made him look even .(丑陋的) 38.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末)Dad, why not put the piano (紧靠) the wall in the living room? 39.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末)The meeting has been (结束) for nearly half an hour. 40.(23-24八年级下·江苏·期中)Chen (翻译) his poems into English and Japanese last year. 提升专练 41.(23-24八年级下·江苏·期中)Sydney is on the north-east (海岸) of Australia. 42.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Nobody knew when to start until the made an introduction. (导游) 43.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)She often from time to time so that she always has enough energy to study well. (放松) 44.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)The family is the basic (单位) of society. 45.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)She’s (写) six novels so far. 46.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)Are there any (国际的) schools in Wuxi? 47.(23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·期中)If you’re looking for a book about Chinese history, you’ll find (数个)books here. 48.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)Mrs Black (book) the room online, so they get everything ready for the trip now. 49.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)Diana (translate) a few works by Canadian writers so far. 50.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Lily, can I borrow your bike? —Sorry, I (lend) it to Jenny. 51.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)The greatest challenge for most teachers of Chinese education is to teach students of different ages all over the world, which requires different teaching methods. (nation) 52.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)She (realize) she is wrong at this matter, so she feels very sorry. 53.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Who do you think (offer) him a high-paid job in Australia? 54.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—Be careful. A car may hit you. —Thank you. I (not know) I was standing so close to the traffic. 55.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)Great changes (take) place in my hometown in recent years. 56.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)His hometown is in the (south) part of the city. 57.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·阶段练习)I have many hobbies, such as (travel), swimming and dancing. 58.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·阶段练习)They hurried to the airport in order to catch the earlier (fly) to Beijing. 59.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)The old man has been (die) for two years. 60.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习)I’m sorry to hear that his grandpa has been (die) for half a year. 61.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)We can (感觉到) warm and soft wind in spring. 62.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中)Chinese people like visiting their (亲戚) during the Spring Festival. 63.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)We should keep all medicine away from heat and (直接的) sunlight. 64.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)Look, that car is driving at a very high (速度). It’s very dangerous. 65.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)She went to Shanghai on (公事) the day before yesterday. 66.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Brian was really nervous at the beginning of his last job (会见). 67.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中)If we want to provide a good (环境) for ourselves, we must protect it first. 68.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)How long is it since you left your school? (小学的) 69.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Some students didn’t the importance of study until they left school. (意识到) 70.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)Some Chinese government officers have turned into live streamers (网络主播) to help local farmers to sell products (产品) and (改善,提升) the sales. 71.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)Although the journey was a long and (孤独的) one, Jack still learnt a lot from it. 72.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)More and more people tend to wear masks because of the air (污染). 73.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)Ten years ago, my family lived in a small town in the (北方) part of China. 74.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Happily, the water in this area has reduced a lot. (pollute) 75.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期中)Cutting down too many trees makes it (possible) to protect wild animals in the wild. 76.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)The teacher asked us to answer these questions in six words. (exact) 77.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)After the accident, it’s for him to move and he had to stay in bed. (possible) 78.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)If we don’t take action to stop air , we’ll have no clean air to breathe soon enough. (pollute) 79.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)The noise made it (possible) for me to finish my work in the office yesterday morning. 80.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)It is (possible) to finish the hard work in such a short time. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲 Units 1-4核心词汇精讲练 Unit 1 Past and Present 【词汇1】time n.时代:时期 【用法】time表示”时代:时期”时常用复数形式。 例句:Times are different 时代不同了。 In ancient times,thee was a king who loved flowers.在古代,有一个国王很喜欢花。 【拓展延伸】(1)time作名词时,还可意为“时间;钟点:事件,时刻”。 例句:They have agreed on the time and place.他们已经约定好了时间和地点。 We can just hang out and have a good time.我们可以只是闲逛一下,开开心。 (2)time 还可意为“次,回”,是可数名词。 例句:Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗? Her job ts to make tea three times a day.她的工作就是每天沏三次茶。 (3)times意为“(用于比较)倍”。Point 1 例句:This planet is about ten tmes the weight of the earth.这颗行星大约是地球的10倍重。 【词汇 2】past 【用法】past 此处是名词。 in the past在过去,用一般过去时。 例句:The past passed. Let’s look ahead.过去的事过去了,我们向前看吧。 【拓展】其他词性用法: ①作形容词,意为“从前的,过去的” 例句: I haven’t seen much of her in the past few weeks.近几周来我很少见到她。 ②作介词,意为 “(表示时间)在……之后,晚于”,还可意为“经过”。 例句:It’s twenty past five. Let’s go home. The boys rushed past us .男孩们从我们身边匆匆走过。 ③作副词,意为“经过” 例句:They walked past without stopping.他们走了过去,连停都没停。 【词汇 3】present 【用法】present此处为名词,常见短语at present,意为“目前,现在”,相当于now。 例句:You’d better forget the past and start living in the present.你最好忘掉过去,开始现在的生活。 【拓展】其他此行用法“ ①作名词,意为 “礼物,礼品”. 例句:This book would be a great birthday resent. ②作动词,意为“颁发,授予”. ③作形容词。意为“当前的,现存的” 【语境串记】 Everyone present all presented a new book to that girl as a present yesterday. Look! How happy she is at present!昨天,在场的每个人都送给那个女孩一本新书作为礼物。看!她腺癌多快乐! 【词汇 4】yet 词汇 含义及用法 例句 yet 表示“已经”,用于疑问句 Have you received her letter yet? 你收到她的信了吗? 表示“还”,用于否定句,常位于句末 He hasn’t come yet.他还没来。 【词汇 5】有关"used"短语 1).过去常常做某事(现在不做了) used to do sth.=often did sth. in the past used to be...=...was/were once=was/were.in the past 2).习惯于,适应于(做)某事 be/get used to(doing) sth.(现在仍如此做) 例:我习惯于上午六点起床。I am used to getting up at 6a.m. 【词汇 6】just 1).adv.刚才(现在完成时) 例:I've just eaten it. 2).adv.正好,恰好(加强语气) 例:The shirt is just mysize. 这件衬衫正和我的尺码。 3).just now刚刚,刚才(一般过去时) 例:I ate an apple just now. 我刚刚吃了个苹果。 【词汇7】change 1)v./n.改变,变化changes in/to ……的变化 例:The town has changed a lot over the years.(v.) =There have been great changes over the years.(n.) =Great changes have taken place over the years 【词汇 8】turn 1). v.变… 例:turn green变成绿色 2). turn…into… 把……变成…… 【拓展】有关turn短语: turn on打开;turn off关上;turn up 调高音量、出现 turn down 调低音量、拒绝;turn to转向、求助于;turn to sb.for help 向某人求助 3). n.轮流 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 【词汇 9】 since (1)since 作连词,意为“自……以来”,引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,即主句(现在完成时)+since+从句(一般过去时)。 例句:He has studied very hard since he came to our school.他自来到我们学校以来就非常努力 【拓展】 ①since 可作介词,意为“自……以来”,后接表示过去的时间点。since then 意为“从那时起”。 例句:We've known about it since May. 我们从5月份起就知道这件事了。 We haven't seen each other since then. 从那以后我们没有见过面。 ②since 用作连词时,还可意为“既然,因为”,引导原因状语从句,语气比because弱。 例句:Since the rain has stopped,let's go for a walk. 既然雨停了,我们出去散散步吧。 Since we are young,we shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes. 既然我们还年轻,就不应该害怕犯错误。 注意: 如果说明某一动作或状态持续了多长时间,用“for + 一段时间”。 We have stayed in Shanghai for 3 days. 我们在上海已待了3天。 Unit 2 Travelling 【词汇1】fantastic adj. 极好的,美妙的 【用法】fantastic的名词形式是fantasy (pl. fantasies),意为“幻想”。 live in a fantasy world 生活在幻想世界中 a fantastic beach 一片极好的海滩 a fantastic achievement 一项了不起的成就 have a fantastic time = have a good/great/wonderful time 玩得非常开心 【词汇 2】 speed n. 速度 【用法】speed作名词,意为“速度”,一般用high与low来修饰; speed还可作动词,意为“加速,急行”。 常用短语: at the/a speed of ... 以……的速度 at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速 speed down 减速 speed up加速 例句: The man got so angry that he ran at his top speed.那个人很生气,他以最快的速度奔跑。 Forest fires can move at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, burning everything... 森林大火能够以高达每小时23千米的速度移动,燃烧一切…… 【词汇 3】such debt. & pron. 这样的(人或物) 【用法】so与such 都表示“如此”。so修饰形容词与副词;such修饰名词短语。 such a/an + adj. +可数名词单数 = so + adj. + a/an +可数名词单数。如: such a good book = so good a book [注意]名词前有many, much, little, few时,只能用so 修饰。 【拓展】such as 与for example Such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子 For example用来列举同类人或事物中的一个例子,在句中作插入语。 【词汇 4】couple n. 两人,两件事物;几个人,几件事物 【用法】couple作名词,常构成短语a couple of,该短语后接可数名词复数,有两种含义: 1)意为“一对,一双,两个”。 2)意为“一些,几个” 例句: We went there a couple of years ago. 【注意】 “a couple of +可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。 例句: A couple of weeks ago,I went to buy four big suitcase for travel.几周前,我去买四个大的旅行用的手提箱。 【词汇 5】stay n.停留;逗留 例句: We still make a short stay in Shanghai.我们将在上海作短暂停留。 Lucy visited the Great Wall and the Summer Palace during her stay in Beijing.露西在北京逗留期间参观了长城和颐和园。 【拓展延生】 1)stay用作动词,意为“停留,待”。常见表达有: stay with sb.和某人待在一起 stay at home待在家里 stay out待在户外,不回家 3)stay作系动词,意为 “保持”,后接形容词作表语。同义词为keep。 My grandpa does exercise every morning to stay healthy. 我爷爷为了保持健康每天晨练。 【词汇 6】whole adj. 整体的,全部的;整个的 1)all: all+限定词+单数名词,也可以与不可数名词和可数名词的复数连用。 2)Whole:限定词+whole=单数名词 Unit 3 Online tours 考点1.relax,动词,意为“放松,休息” 既可指人,又可指物,后可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。 如: ------Don't worry about it. Just relax.不要为这事担心。放松些。 ------ A hot bath can help to relax you.洗个热水澡可以帮助你放松下来。 拓展:①relaxed,形容词,意为“放松的;不拘束的;悠闲的”,常用于修饰或描述人。 如: ------ I felt relaxed after the competition.在比赛之后,我感到很放松。 ②relaxing形容词,意为“令人放松的",常用于修饰或描述物。 如: ------I like those relaxing country songs.我喜欢那些令人放松的乡村歌曲。 考点2.hard,形容词,意为“辛苦的;艰难的” 如: ------ Only hard work gives good results.只有努力工作才能有好的结果。 拓展:①hard作形容词,还可表示“坚硬的”。 如: ------ Granite is a type of hard stone.花岗岩是一种坚硬的石头。 ②hard作副词,意为“努力地;艰难地;猛烈地”。 如: ------ They tried hard to succeed.他们努力取得成功。 辨析:hard-working, work hard与hard work hard working为形容词,意为“勤奋的,工作努力的”; work hard 为动副短语,意为“努力工作”; hard work为名词短语,意为“辛苦的工作”。 考点3.pick,动词,意为“挑选” 后面可直接跟宾语,指从很多人或事物中选出其中的一个或一部分。 如: It took her two hours to pick a dress that suited her.她花了两个小时才挑选了一条适合她的连衣裙。 拓展: ①pick,动词,意为“采摘”。 如: Can you pick some flowers for the dinner table?你能采些花放在餐桌上吗? ②pick up意为“拿起,捡起;(开车)接人”。 如: ------He picked up his knife and fork.他拿起了刀叉。 ③pick out意为“挑选”。 如: ------ Who will you pick out to represent the whole team?你将挑选谁来代表全队? 考点4.dream,动词,意为“做梦,梦想” 其过去式为dreamed/dreamt,过去分词为dreamed/dreamt。固定结构dream of/about 意为“梦想;想象”,其中of/about是介词,后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 如: ------He dreams of wealth and happiness.他梦想财富和幸福。 ------ I dreamed about you last night.我昨晚梦到你了 ------ I dream of becoming a teacher.我梦想成为一名老师。 拓展:dream作名词,意为“梦,梦想”; in your dreams意为“你妄想;你在做梦”。 如: ------- He said he had a bad dream.他说他做了一个噩梦。 考点5. opposite, 名词,意为“对立的人(或物)” 是可数名词,通常与of连用。 如: ------What about your view?你的看法呢? ------My view is the opposite of yours.我的看法和你的相反。 拓展: ①opposite作介词,意为“.....对面: .....相反”。 如: ------ He came in and took a seat opposite me.他进来了,坐在我对面的座位上。 ②opposite 作形容词,意为“相反的;对面的;对立的”。 如: ------ He cried to his friend on the opposite side of the street.他朝街道对面的他的朋友大声呼唤。 考点6.mind,动词,意为“介意” 固定结构mind (sb. /one's) doing sth. ,意为“介意(某人)做某事”。固定句型“Would/Do you mind doing ... ?"用来委婉、客气地请求、建议、劝说对方做某事或询问对方是否可以做某事,其否定结构为“Would/Do you mind not doing...?”,意为“请你不要..好吗?”或“请问你介意不.....?””,用以委婉地请求、建议对方不要做某事。 如: ➢Would you mind not parking your car here?请你不要把你的汽车停在这儿好吗? Sorry. I will move it right away.对不起。我这就挪开它。 注意:回答问句时要注意yes或no都是针对mind。表示“介意,在乎”时用yes,后跟句子,意思是不让对方做某事;表示“不介意,不在乎”时用no,后跟句子,表示允许对方做某事。通常如果介意就用“Yes, you'd better..."来回答;如果不介意就用“Of course not.”“Certainly not,”或“Not at all.”等来回答。 如: ------Would you mind my smoking here?你介意我在这里抽烟吗? ------You'd better not.你最好不要。 Unit 4 A good read 1. against against作介词,其用法如下: (1)反对,违反。对应的反义词为for,常用于be against sb. / sth.“反对某人/某事”。 例如:Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多数人反对做兼职工作吗? (2)和……交战(指竞争、比赛等)。例如: We’ll have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week. 下星期我们将与二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。 (3)碰、装、擦。例如: Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗户上。 (4)倚着、靠着。例如: There was a ladder propped up(支撑) against the wall. 一把梯子靠着墙。 (5)防备,抗……。例如: She saved money against old age. 她攒钱防老。 (6)逆着……。例如: We are sailing against the wind. 我们(的船)正逆风航行。 (7)衬托,相映,对照。例如: Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。 2. until until意为“直到……”,有下列用法: (1)作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。 例如: She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那一直等到9点钟。 (2)作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。 例如: We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 【拓展】 (1)until用在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。例如: I will wait here until you come back. 我会在这里等到你回来。 (2)until可用于否定句中,即not…until…意为“直到……才……”,常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等,强调主句动作开始的时间。例如: The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来,那个孩子才睡觉。 3. either (1)either作副词,意为“也”。通常用于否定句中。例如: If you don’t go, I will not go, either. 如果你不去,我也不去。 【拓展】 also,too与either都有“也”的意思,但用法不同: 1)also用于肯定句,位置通常位于句中,比too更为正式。例如: I also go to work by bike. 我也骑自行车上班。 2)too用于肯定句且置于句末,其前用逗号隔开;在简略答语中too常置于代词的宾格形式之后。例如: — Tom likes music and Mary does, too. 汤姆喜欢音乐,玛丽也喜欢。 — Me, too. 我也是。 Jack is a worker, too. Jack也是工人。 3)either用于否定句且置于句末,其前用逗号隔开。例如: He can’t swim. I can’t swim, either. 他不会游泳,我也不会。 (2)either作形容词,意为“任一的;两方的”。例如: The thief was put in the police car with a policeman on either side of him. 窃贼被送到警车上,身旁各坐着一个警察。 (3)either作代词,意为“任一”。指代两者中的任何一个。例如: You may take either of the roads. 两条路你随便走哪一条。 4. manage manage作动词,意为“管理;设法对付”。manage to do sth.意为“设法做到某事”。例如: He managed the company when his father was away. 他父亲离开的时候,由他管理公司。 We managed to save the people in the village. 我们设法救了那个村庄的人。 【拓展】 辨析:try to do sth.与manage to do sth. (1)try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”,但是不一定做成。 例如: He tried to get the work done with little help. 他尽量在没有什么帮助的情况下完成工作。 (2)manage to do sth.则表示“设法做某事而且成功了”。例如: He managed to pass the examination. = He succeeded in passing the examination. 他成功地通过了考试。 5. must must作情态动词,意为“必须、一定要”,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,其后需要接动词原形;但要注意,当must用于否定句时,mustn’t 的意思不是“不必”,而是“一定不能”。例如: You must finish your homework today. 你必须今天把作业做完。 You mustn’t play with matches. 你绝对不能玩火柴。 Must we go right now? 我们非要现在就走吗? 【拓展】 辨析:must与have to (1)have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。例如: It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨,我不得不待在家里。 (2)must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;不允许”。例如: You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。 口诀:“主观职责”说“必须”,must赶紧用上去;若是“环境”“不得不”,赶紧换用have to。 6. success success 作名词,意为“成功”。表示抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。 【拓展】 (1)succeed 表示“成功”,是不及物动词;succeed 后通常接in doing sth.,表示做某事做成功了。例如: His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。 At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那个问题解决了。 She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。 (2)successful作形容词,意为“成功的”。例如: The performance was successful. 演出很成功。 It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。 7. experience (1)experience用作及物动词,表示“体验,经历”等。例如: The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。 Have you ever experienced any jungle life? 你曾经体验过丛林生活吗? 【注意】 有时experience的过去分词experienced也用作形容词。 Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使有经验的教师也可能犯错误。 (2)experience用作不可数名词,表示“经验”;而表示“经历,感受”时,通常是可数名词。例如: Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。 He has had much experience in this kind of work. 他有丰富的经验做这项工作。 Experiences have taught us that chances may be more important than skills. 经历告诉我们机遇可能比技能更重要。 8. advice advice作不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”。例如: a piece of advice一条建议 Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。 【拓展】 (1)give advice (on)… 意为“给……提(有关……)的建议”。例如: Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗? (2)take one’s advice意为“听从某人的建议”。例如: I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day. 我会听从你的建议,每天锻炼身体。 (3)advise是advice的动词形式,意为“建议”,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。 例如: He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。 真题感知 1.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Mr Black went to New York on   (busy) yesterday. 【答案】business 【详解】句意:昨天布莱克先生去纽约出差了。busy“忙碌的”,其名词形式为business“商业”。此处考查固定搭配on business“出差”,business作介词“on”的宾语。故填business。 2.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)How great! I believe these famous engineers are (Germany) 【答案】Germans 【详解】句意:真棒!我相信这些著名的工程师是德国人。Germany“德国”,根据“these famous engineers”可知此处应填German“德国人”,且此处应填其复数形式,故填Germans。 3.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Reading books is a good way to improve our (know). 【答案】knowledge 【详解】句意:读书是提高知识的好方法。根据“improve our”可知,需要名词作宾语,knowledge“知识”,不可数名词,故填knowledge。 4.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)Before running, the boy refused (tie) his shoes and that made him fall over. 【答案】to tie 【详解】句意:在跑步之前,这个男孩拒绝系鞋带,这使他摔倒了。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”,所以空处用动词不定式,故填to tie。 5.(23-24八年级下·天津河西·期末)I hope David will have great (成功) in the future. 【答案】success 【详解】句意:我希望大卫将来会取得巨大的成功。根据所给中文和“great”可知,此处应用名词,“成功”success,不可数名词。故填success。 6.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末)It is said that there’s a new mall our neighbourhood. (在……对面) 【答案】opposite 【详解】句意:据说我们小区对面有一个新的购物中心。根据中文提示可知,其英文表达为opposite,介词。故填opposite。 7.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末)How interesting! Lisa has a (习惯) of playing with her hair when she’s nervous. 【答案】habit 【详解】句意:多么有趣啊!丽莎一紧张就有玩弄头发的习惯。habit“习惯”,名词;不定冠词a修饰单数名词。故填habit。 8.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)—Don’t forget to take your (护照) with you when changing money. —OK, we won’t. 【答案】passports 【详解】句意:——在你换钱的时候不要忘了拿护照。——好的,我们不会忘。根据中文提示,可知是passport“护照”,结合“OK, we won’t.”可知,这里是我们的护照,要用复数形式。故填passports。 9.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)More and more Chinese people hope to travel to countries in (欧洲) for a holiday. 【答案】Europe 【详解】句意:越来越多的中国人希望去欧洲国家旅游度假。根据汉语提示可知,这里应用名词Europe “欧洲”,此处与空前的in,构成短语in Europe“在欧洲”,故填Europe。 10.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)How time flies! It is 50 years since my grandpa (marry) my grandma. 【答案】married 【详解】句意:时间过得真快!我爷爷和我奶奶结婚已经50年了。本句是句型“It is +一段时间+since从句”,意为“自从……以来已经多长时间了”,从句用一般过去时,所以空处用marry的过去式married,故填married。 11.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期中)I (stay) in Taizhou for seven days during my last trip. I like this city very much. 【答案】stayed 【详解】句意:上次旅行我在泰州呆了七天。我非常喜欢这个城市。根据空后的“during my last trip”可知,此处指过去发生的事情,应用所给词的过去式形式。故填stayed。 12.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)I refused (receive) his invitation since we weren’t friends any more. 【答案】to receive 【详解】句意:我拒绝了他的邀请,因为我们不再是朋友了。refuse to do sth.“拒绝去做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故填to receive。 13.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中) (Australia) seasons are the opposite of ours because it’s in the southern hemisphere. 【答案】Australian 【详解】句意:澳大利亚的季节与我们的相反因为它是在南半球。根据“seasons”可知此处用Australia的形容词形式Australian,意为“澳大利亚的”,作定语。故填Australian。 14.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)If you can visit a (Europe) country, which one would you choose? 【答案】European 【详解】句意:如果你有机会去一个欧洲国家旅游,你会选择哪一个?根据空格处修饰名词country,形容词修饰名词,可知空格处词性为形容词。Europe为名词,意为“欧洲”,它的形容词形式为European,意为“欧洲的” 。故填European。 15.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)The old man has many important things to do, such as the volunteers. (interview) 【答案】interviewing 【详解】句意:这位老人有很多重要的事情要做,比如采访志愿者。such as后接动名词,interview的动名词形式interviewing。故填interviewing。 16.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)A moment please. It might take a (几个,数个) of minutes. 【答案】couple 【详解】句意:请稍等。可能需要几分钟。根据中文提示可知,a couple of“几个”符合句意,故填couple。 17.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段练习)He spoke feelingly about his (死的) father. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意:他谈起他死去的父亲时激动不已。“死的”的英文表达是dead,形容词,用于修饰名词father。故填dead。 18.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)A (直达的) fight to Yunnan takes you only about 3 hours. 【答案】direct 【详解】句意:直飞云南只需大约3小时。“直达的”英文表达是direct,形容词。故填direct。 19.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)My car has broken down. Will you please give me a (乘坐)? 【答案】ride 【详解】句意:我的车坏了。你能载我一程吗?give sb. a ride“载某人一程”,固定词组。故填ride。 20.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)The restaurant is open every day (除了……之外) on Monday. 【答案】except 【详解】句意:除了星期日外,餐厅每天都营业。根据“every day...on Monday”和单词提示可知,空处应填except“除……之外”,表示除星期日外。故填except。 21.(23-24八年级下·江苏·期中)Chinese has an informal set of slang words and can help one (交流) better. 【答案】communicate 【详解】句意:中文有一套非正式的俚语,能够帮助人们更好地交流。根据“an informal slang words”,再结合中文提示可知,用communicate表示交流,而“帮助某人做某事”为help sb. do sth,动词需用原形,故填communicate。 22.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)He went (到国外) for further study in his twenties. 【答案】abroad 【详解】句意:他二十多岁时出国深造。根据汉语提示可知,地点副词abroad“到国外”符合句意。故填abroad。 23.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中) (recent), there have been more tourists in different places of interest in Wuxi. 【答案】Recently 【详解】句意:最近,无锡不同的名胜古迹吸引了更多的游客。空处在句中作状语修饰整个句子,所以空处用recent的副词形式recently“最近”,句首单词首字母大写,故填Recently。 24.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)Mr. Chen and his wife have been (marry) for 15 years. 【答案】married 【详解】句意:陈先生和他的妻子已经结婚15年了。根据“have been”可知,需要形容词作表语,married符合句意,故填married。 25.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)More and more people are now used to (communicate) on the Internet. 【答案】communicating 【详解】句意:现在越来越多的人习惯于在互联网上交流。be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”,固定词组。故填communicating。 26.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)It is amazing that some animals have three or four (stomach). 【答案】stomachs 【详解】句意:令人惊奇的是,有些动物有三到四个胃。stomach“胃”,可数名词,three or four后加名词复数stomachs。故填stomachs。 27.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)After the long journey, we were so tired out that we found ourselves (able) to move. 【答案】unable 【详解】句意:经过长途旅行,我们都累得动弹不得。本题考查find sth +形容词+to do sth.“发现做某事是怎样的”,空格上应填形容词。根据“so tired out that we found ourselves....to move.”可知,应是累得不能动,unable to do“不能/无法做某事”,故填unable。 28.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The cartoon character looks much when it becomes angry. (ugly) 【答案】uglier 【详解】句意:这个卡通人物生气的时候看起来更丑了。括号内的词为形容词,根据空格前的much可知此处应填形容词比较级,much+形容词比较级,表示“……得多”,ugly的比较级为uglier。故填uglier。 29.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The students have been used to (return) the books to the library on time. 【答案】returning 【详解】句意:学生们已经习惯了按时把书还给图书馆。be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”,此处用动名词returning作宾语。故填returning。 30.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Who do you usually ask for on books? (advise) 【答案】advice 【详解】句意:你通常向谁寻求关于书的建议?根据“ask for”可知,后跟名词,advise的名词是advice“建议”,不可数名词。故填advice。 31.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The main character in the novel sailed the sea to look for treasure. (hide) 【答案】hidden 【详解】句意:小说中的主人公航海去寻找隐藏的宝藏。hide“隐藏”,动词;根据“treasure”可知,此处应用形容词作定语;hidden“隐秘的”,符合语境。故填hidden。 32.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)Don’t feed the two babies any more. Look at their (stomach) 【答案】stomachs 【详解】句意:别再喂这两只兔宝宝。看看它们的胃。根据“their”可知空处填名词,stomach为可数名词,意思是“胃”,由“two babies”可知此处应为复数,单词后直接加s。故填stomachs。 33.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Dr. Bethune (白求恩) was a (加拿大) doctor who worked in China for many years. 【答案】Canadian 【详解】句意:白求恩医生是一位在中国工作多年的加拿大医生。Canada“加拿大”,名词,空处修饰名词doctor用形容词Canadian“加拿大的”。故填Canadian。 34.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)The girl was angry with her boyfriend. She (拒绝) to answer his calls last night. 【答案】refused 【详解】句意:女孩生她男朋友的气。昨晚她拒绝接他的电话。根据中文提示,可知是refuse“拒绝”,动词,结合“to answer his calls last night.”可知,该句是一般过去时,动词填过去式。故填refused。 35.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)David has the bad (习惯) of reading books during the meals. 【答案】habit 【详解】句意:大卫有吃饭时看书的坏习惯。结合句意和汉语提示可知,habit“习惯”,可数名词;根据“has the bad … of reading books”可知,此处应用名词单数形式作宾语。故填habit。 36.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末)The match has been (结束) for half an hour since the award was presented. 【答案】over 【详解】句意:自从奖项颁发后,比赛已经结束有半小时了。over“结束的,完成的”,副词,放于系动词后做表语。故填over。 37.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末)Rude behavior made him look even .(丑陋的) 【答案】uglier 【详解】句意:粗鲁的行为使他看起来更丑陋。丑陋的:ugly,形容词;even表“甚至,更”,其后应使用比较级形式,ugly的比较级是uglier。故填uglier。 38.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末)Dad, why not put the piano (紧靠) the wall in the living room? 【答案】against 【详解】句意:爸爸,为什么不把钢琴放在客厅靠墙的地方呢?根据“why not put the piano…the wall in the living room”以及汉语提示可知,空后为“the wall”,空处应填介词against“紧靠”。故填against。 39.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末)The meeting has been (结束) for nearly half an hour. 【答案】over 【详解】句意:这个会议已经结束大约半小时了。根据“for nearly half an hour”可知,空处用延续性动词;be over“结束”,延续性结构,与一段时间连用,故填over。 40.(23-24八年级下·江苏·期中)Chen (翻译) his poems into English and Japanese last year. 【答案】translated 【详解】句意:陈去年将他的诗翻译成英语和日语。translate“翻译”,根据“last year”可知,用其过去式。故填translated。 提升专练 41.(23-24八年级下·江苏·期中)Sydney is on the north-east (海岸) of Australia. 【答案】coast 【详解】句意:悉尼在澳大利亚的东北海岸。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填coast“海岸”,on the coast of“在……海岸上”。故填coast。 42.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Nobody knew when to start until the made an introduction. (导游) 【答案】guide 【详解】句意:谁也不知道什么时候出发,直到导游作了介绍。guide“导游”,此处应用名词单数形式,故填guide。 43.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)She often from time to time so that she always has enough energy to study well. (放松) 【答案】relaxes 【详解】句意:她经常不时放松一下,这样她总是有足够的精力好好学习。根据“often”可知,时态为一般现在时,主语“She”为第三人称单数,所以动词用第三人称单数形式;relax“放松”,动词第三人称单数形式为relaxes。故填relaxes。 44.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)The family is the basic (单位) of society. 【答案】unit 【详解】句意:家庭是社会的基本单位。unit“单位”,是名词,结合“The family is”可知,名词应用单数形式,故填unit。 45.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)She’s (写) six novels so far. 【答案】written 【详解】句意:到目前为止,她已经写了六部小说。根据句意及汉语提示和“so far”到目前为止,可知句子是现在完成时,其结构为“have/has done”,句中“She’s”是“she has”的缩写,所以此处应填“write”的过去分词“written”。故填written。 46.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)Are there any (国际的) schools in Wuxi? 【答案】international 【详解】句意:无锡有国际学校吗?此处修饰名词schools用形容词international“国际的”。故填international。 47.(23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·期中)If you’re looking for a book about Chinese history, you’ll find (数个)books here. 【答案】several 【详解】句意:如果你在找一本关于中国历史的书,你会在这里发现几本。several“数个”,符合语境,故填several。 48.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)Mrs Black (book) the room online, so they get everything ready for the trip now. 【答案】has booked 【详解】句意:布莱克夫人已经在网上预订了房间,所以他们现在已经为旅行做好一切准备。根据“so they get everything ready for the trip now”可知,他们已经为旅行做好一切准备,所以此处是强调布莱克夫人预订房间对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”,主语为Mrs Black,助动词用has,故填has booked。 49.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)Diana (translate) a few works by Canadian writers so far. 【答案】has translated 【详解】句意:到目前为止Diana已经翻译了几部加拿大作家的作品。根据“so far”可知,时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has+过去分词,主语“Diana”为第三人称单数,助动词用has,translate的过去分词为translated。故填has translated。 50.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Lily, can I borrow your bike? —Sorry, I (lend) it to Jenny. 【答案】have lent 【详解】句意:——Lily,我可以借你的自行车吗?——抱歉,我已经把它借给Jenny了。根据“Sorry”可知自行车已经借给了Jenny,句子应用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,主语为I,助动词用have,lend的过去分词为lent。故填have lent。 51.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)The greatest challenge for most teachers of Chinese education is to teach students of different ages all over the world, which requires different teaching methods. (nation) 【答案】international 【详解】句意:对于大多数国际汉语教育教师来说,最大的挑战是教来自世界各地不同年龄段的学生,这就需要不同的教学方法。此处修饰名词Chinese education“汉语教育”,应用形容词international“国际的”作定语,故填international。 52.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)She (realize) she is wrong at this matter, so she feels very sorry. 【答案】has realized 【详解】句意:她已经意识到她在这件事情上错了,因此,她感到很难过。结合语境可知此句要用现在完成时态has/have done。主语she,谓语动词用has,故填has realized。 53.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Who do you think (offer) him a high-paid job in Australia? 【答案】offered 【详解】句意:你觉得是谁给他在澳大利亚提供了一份高薪的工作?do you think在句中作为插入语,主语为Who,空格处应填入谓语动词,结合语境,此句应用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填offered。 54.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—Be careful. A car may hit you. —Thank you. I (not know) I was standing so close to the traffic. 【答案】didn’t know 【详解】句意:——小心。汽车可能会撞到你。——非常感谢。我不知道我站在离车流这么近的地方。根据“I was standing so close to the traffic.”可知“不知道”这个动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,变否定句借助助动词didn’t,后加动词原形。故填didn’t know。 55.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)Great changes (take) place in my hometown in recent years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意:近年来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。根据“in recent years”可知句子应用现在完成时,主语为Great changes,助动词用have,take的过去分词为taken。故填have taken。 56.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)His hometown is in the (south) part of the city. 【答案】southern 【详解】句意:他的家乡在这座城市的南部。part为名词,此处应用south的形容词southern“南部的”作定语,修饰名词part。故填southern。 57.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·阶段练习)I have many hobbies, such as (travel), swimming and dancing. 【答案】travelling/traveling 【详解】句意:我有很多爱好,比如旅行,游泳和跳舞。根据“swimming and dancing”可知,此处填动名词,travel“旅行”的动名词形式为travelling/traveling。故填travelling/traveling。 58.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·阶段练习)They hurried to the airport in order to catch the earlier (fly) to Beijing. 【答案】flight 【详解】句意:他们匆忙赶到机场,以便赶上早一班去北京的班机。根据“catch the earlier...to Beijing”可知,此处表示赶上早一班去北京的班机,应用fly的名词形式flight表示“航班”。故填flight。 59.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)The old man has been (die) for two years. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意:这位老人已经去世两年了。根据语境可知,句子为现在完成时,且使用的是延续性动词be dead,与表示时间段的状语连用,其中dead作形容词,意为“死亡的”,故填dead。 60.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习)I’m sorry to hear that his grandpa has been (die) for half a year. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意:我很抱歉听到她的祖父已经去世半年了。本句时间状语为for half a year“半年”,为一段时间,表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作,用现在完成时,且要用延续性动作,此处用be+adj.形式表示,动词die“死亡”的形容词形式为dead“已经死亡的”,形容词作表语。故填dead。 61.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)We can (感觉到) warm and soft wind in spring. 【答案】feel 【详解】句意:在春天,我们能感觉到温暖和煦的风。根据情态动词can可知,空格处用动词原形,feel“感觉到”,为动词,符合题意。故填feel。 62.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中)Chinese people like visiting their (亲戚) during the Spring Festival. 【答案】relatives 【详解】句意:春节期间,中国人喜欢拜访亲戚。relative“亲戚”,可数名词,此处应用其复数形式表泛指。故填relatives。 63.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)We should keep all medicine away from heat and (直接的) sunlight. 【答案】direct 【详解】句意:我们应该把所有的药放在远离热源和阳光直射的地方。根据汉语提示可知,空格处应用形容词direct“直接的”作定语修饰名词sunlight。故填direct。 64.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)Look, that car is driving at a very high (速度). It’s very dangerous. 【答案】speed 【详解】句意:看,那辆车正以很高的速度行驶。非常危险。速度:speed,名词,at a very high speed意为“以一个非常高的速度”,固定词组。故填speed。 65.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)She went to Shanghai on (公事) the day before yesterday. 【答案】business 【详解】句意:她前天去上海出差了。business“公事”,on business“出差”。故填business。 66.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Brian was really nervous at the beginning of his last job (会见). 【答案】interview 【详解】句意:布莱恩上次面试的时候真的很紧张。根据英语句子以及汉语提示可知,interview“面试、会见”。此处是指上次的工作面试,因此用名词单数形式。故填interview。 67.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中)If we want to provide a good (环境) for ourselves, we must protect it first. 【答案】environment 【详解】句意:如果我们想为自己提供一个良好的环境,我们必须首先保护它。环境:environment,故填environment。 68.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)How long is it since you left your school? (小学的) 【答案】primary 【详解】句意:你离开小学有多久了?根据汉语提示可知,“小学的”对应的英文为primary,为形容词,修饰名词school。故填primary。 69.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Some students didn’t the importance of study until they left school. (意识到) 【答案】realize 【详解】句意:一些学生直到离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。realize“意识到”,助动词didn’t后跟动词原形。故填realize。 70.(23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中)Some Chinese government officers have turned into live streamers (网络主播) to help local farmers to sell products (产品) and (改善,提升) the sales. 【答案】improve 【详解】句意:一些中国政府官员已经变成网络主播,帮助当地农民销售产品并提高销售量。根据“help local farmers to sell products (产品) and”可知,此空填动词原形;improve“改善,提升”,动词原形。故填improve。 71.(23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)Although the journey was a long and (孤独的) one, Jack still learnt a lot from it. 【答案】lonely 【详解】句意:尽管旅途漫长而孤独,杰克还是从中学到了很多东西。根据“the journey was a long and…one”以及汉语提示可知,lonely“孤独的”,形容词,此处应填lonely作定语来修饰one。故填lonely。 72.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)More and more people tend to wear masks because of the air (污染). 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意:由于空气污染,越来越多的人倾向于戴口罩。污染:pollution,不可数名词。故填pollution。 73.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)Ten years ago, my family lived in a small town in the (北方) part of China. 【答案】northern 【详解】句意:十年前,我家住在中国北方的一个小镇上。根据“in the...part of China”和汉语提示可知,part前需填形容词,northern“北方的”,形容词,与汉语提示相符。故填northern。 74.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)Happily, the water in this area has reduced a lot. (pollute) 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意:令人高兴的是,这个地区的水污染已经减少了很多。此处作主语应用名词形式,pollute意为“污染”,是动词,其名词为pollution,且是不可数名词,water pollution意为“水污染”,故填pollution。 75.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期中)Cutting down too many trees makes it (possible) to protect wild animals in the wild. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:砍伐过多的树木就无法保护野外的野生动物。根据“Cutting down too many trees”可知,保护野生动物是不可能的,应用形容词impossible表示“不可能的”,故填impossible。 76.(23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)The teacher asked us to answer these questions in six words. (exact) 【答案】exactly 【详解】句意:老师要求我们用六个词准确地回答这些问题。exact“准确的”,是形容词,修饰动宾短语answer these questions,用副词,故填exactly。 77.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)After the accident, it’s for him to move and he had to stay in bed. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:在事故之后,对他来说,移动是不可能的,他必须待在床上。possible可能的,形容词;此处需要形容词作表语;根据后文“he had to stay in bed”可知,他不可能移动了,所以填possible的反义词impossible。故填impossible。 78.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中)If we don’t take action to stop air , we’ll have no clean air to breathe soon enough. (pollute) 【答案】pollution 【详解】 句意:如果我们没有采取行动来阻止空气污染,我们很快就没有干净的空气来呼吸了。pollute污染,为动词;此处需要名词作宾语,所以填pollution“污染”,为名词。故填pollution。 79.(23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)The noise made it (possible) for me to finish my work in the office yesterday morning. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:昨天早上办公室的噪音使我无法完成工作。根据常识可知,噪音会影响工作,应用形容词impossible“不可能的”作宾语补足语。故填impossible。 80.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)It is (possible) to finish the hard work in such a short time. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的工作是不可能的。根据“in such a short time”可知,短时间内完成这项艰巨的工作是不可能的,故填impossible。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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