精品解析：北京市朝阳区北京中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

2024–20255学年度第一学期12月质量调研试题 高三英语 （试卷满分为100分，考试时间为90分钟） 本试卷共 9页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a boy, I used to mow the lawn for Mrs. Long. She paid me little for the job, but promised to give me a Christmas present. I spent much time ___1___ what it would be. Many boys had baseball gloves or ice skates and I was eager to have any of these. “It would ___2___ be a baseball glove,” I ___3___ with myself. “She wouldn’t know much about baseball.” So I was convinced that she would give me ice skates. As Christmas approached, it was with ___4___ that I stopped myself from reporting to Mrs. Long and demanding my present. On December 22, Mrs. Long gave me a small box which under no circumstances could ___5___ a pair of skates. I was disappointed. When lifting it from her, I was curious about the ___6___ of the present. It weighed almost nothing. “What is it?” I asked. “A kind of magic,” she said. Her words were enough to set my mind ___7___ with new possibilities. On Christmas morning, I had this box on my knees. With great ___8___ I opened the box to find inside ten sheets of black paper, Carbon Paper. “What is it?” I asked. Mum took two pieces of white paper, placed between them one of the black paper, and wrote my name on the upper sheet. Then she handed me the second sheet, which her pencil had in no way touched. There was my name! It was a miracle to my ___9___ mind. Thank Mrs. Long for her wisdom to guess that a boy might profit from a present totally outside the realm of his ordinary experience. The _____10_____ present merely satisfies a temporary desire; the great one lights up all the years of life that remain. 1. A. asking B. recalling C. proving D. wondering 2. A. possibly B. usually C. hardly D. definitely 3. A. reasoned B. inquired C. checked D. complained 4. A. anxiety B. patience C. difficulty D. confirmation 5. A. cover B. hold C. include D. involve 6. A. value B. shape C. meaning D. lightness 7. A. running B. going C. dancing D. thinking 8. A. surprise B. excitement C. energy D. confidence 9. A. childish B. sharp C. brilliant D. creative 10. A. fancy B. average C. popular D. expensive 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mrs. Long送的礼物对作者的影响，主要凸显自己在等待礼物过程中的心情和得到礼物后的反应。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了很多时间想知道它会是什么。A. asking询问；B. recalling回忆；C. proving证明；D. wondering想知道。根据上文的“She paid me little for the job, but promised to give me a Christmas present.”可知，Mrs. Long答应给作者一份圣诞礼物，所以作者一直翘首企盼，一直在想着会是什么礼物。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“它几乎不可能是棒球手套，”我自己推理说。A. possibly可能地；B. usually通常；C. hardly几乎不；D. definitely肯定。根据下文的““She wouldn’t know much about baseball.” So I was convinced that she would give me ice skates.”可知，Mrs. Long对棒球了解不多，作者确信她会给自己冰鞋，所以她几乎不可能送作者棒球手套。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“它不可能是棒球手套，”我自己推理说。A. reasoned推理；B. inquired询问；C. checked检查；D. complained抱怨。根据下文的““She wouldn’t know much about baseball.” So I was convinced that she would give me ice skates.”可知，Mrs. Long对棒球了解不多，作者确信她会给自己冰鞋，不会给自己棒球手套，呈现的是作者自己推理的过程。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：圣诞节快到了，我好不容易才克制住自己不去向Mrs. Long报告，要我的礼物。A. anxiety焦虑；B. patience耐心；C. difficulty困难；D. confirmation确认书。根据上文的“I spent much time ___1___ what it would be.”可知，作者一直在想着会是什么礼物，特别期待这个礼物，所以越是临近圣诞节越是期待，作者忍住没去 Mrs. Long 家报到，是很难做到的。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 12月22日，Mrs. Long了我一个无论如何也装不下一双冰鞋的小盒子。A. cover遮盖；B. hold容纳；C. include包括；D. involve涉及。根据上文的“On December 22, Mrs. Long gave me a small box”可知，作者根据盒子的大小猜测里边容纳不下一双溜冰鞋。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我从她手里拿起礼物时，我对礼物的轻盈感到好奇。A. value价值；B. shape形状；C. meaning意义；D. lightness轻。根据下文的“It weighed almost nothing.”可知，礼物几乎不重，作者好奇礼物为什么这么轻。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话使我的心为新的可能性而雀跃。A. running跑步；B. going去；C. dancing雀跃；D. thinking思考。根据上文的““A kind of magic,” she said.”可知，身为小孩子的作者听到得到的礼物有魔力，因此心情雀跃。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我兴奋地打开盒子，里面是十张黑色的复写纸。A. surprise惊讶；B. excitement激动、兴奋；C. energy经历；D. confidence自信。根据上文的“Her words were enough to set my mind ___7___ with new possibilities.”可知，她的话使作者的心为新的可能性而雀跃，作者很激动想知道里边是什么。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我幼稚的心灵来说，这是一个奇迹。A. childish幼稚的；B. sharp锋利的；C. brilliant明亮的；D. creative创造性的。根据文章首句的“When I was a boy”可知，作者还是小孩，对拥有幼稚的思想的作者来说这是个奇迹。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般的礼物仅仅只能满足暂时的欲望，一个好的礼物能够点亮未来的人生。A. fancy花哨的；B. average一般的、普通的；C. popular流行的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据下文的“the great one lights up all the years of life that remain.”可知，将一般的礼物与好的礼物形成对比，一般的礼物仅仅只能满足暂时的欲望。故选B。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Matt asked his friend Adam to help him play a practical joke on Tricia, one of his classmates. One day, as Matta and Tricia ____11____ (wait) for their bus after school, Matt asked Tricia to keep an eye on his briefcase for a minute while he ran to buy something. Then Adam came ____12____ (run) by and “stole” the briefcase. When Matta returned, Tricia explained ____13____ had happened. Matta acted really angry and told Tricia that the briefcase contained something very valuable which he thought she should be responsible for replacing. 【答案】11. were waiting 12 running 13. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了马特请他的朋友亚当帮他对他的同学崔西娅恶作剧的故事。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：一天，玛塔和崔茜卡放学后在等公交车，马特让崔茜卡帮他看一会儿公文包，他自己跑去买东西。表示过去某个时间正在发生的动作用过去进行时，主语为Matta and Tricia，谓语用复数。故填were waiting。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后亚当跑过来“偷”了公文包。此处run与逻辑主语Adam构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填running。 【13题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：玛塔回来后，崔茜卡解释了事情的经过。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事情用what。故填what。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Cambodia is experiencing a rise in population and unregulated development, which has been destructive for the environment. More and more ____14____ (experienced) farmers are taking up agriculture near the edges of Cambodia’ s forests. Unfortunately for Cambodia’s wild Asian elephants, this has caused a conflict with humans. As elephants search ____15____ food, they have destroyed farms. In turn, poor and uneducated farmers have killed the elephants ____16____ (protect) their livelihoods. By the early years of this century, the population of elephants ____17____ (fall) dramatically from about 2,000 to 500. 【答案】14. inexperienced 15. for 16. to protect 17. had fallen 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了柬埔寨大象和农民之间的矛盾。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：越来越多没有经验的农民开始在柬埔寨森林边缘从事农业生产。修饰名词farmers应用形容词inexperienced，作定语。故填inexperienced。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：在大象寻找食物的过程中，它们摧毁了农场。短语search for表示“寻找”，故填for。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：反过来，贫穷和未受过教育的农民杀死大象以保护他们的生计。此处protect作目的状语用不定式。故填to protect。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：到本世纪初，大象的数量从2000头急剧下降到500头。根据上文By the early years of this century可知表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had fallen。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In today’s scientific world, talk to a few people in the travel industry, you’ll soon learn that superstition is still alive around the world. In parts of Asia, the number “four” ____18____ (consider)unlucky because it has a similar pronunciation to that of the Chinese word for “death”. One airline admitted that it omits row 4 or 44 because too many passengers refuse to sit in those ____19____ (seat). Flight attendants have a reputation for being superstitious, too. Some may have been known to refuse hotel rooms ____20____ numbers coincide with those of flights that ended in tragedy. 【答案】18. is considered 19. seats 20. whose 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚洲人不喜欢“4”这个数字以及原因。 【18题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在亚洲部分地区，数字“4”被认为是不吉利的，因为它与中文“死”的发音相似。主语the number “four”与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is considered。 【19题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：一家航空公司承认，他们省略了第4排和44排，因为有太多乘客拒绝坐在这些座位上。根据上文those可知seat用复数。故填seats。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：有些人可能会拒绝入住与以悲剧告终的航班编号一致的酒店房间。定语从句修饰先行词rooms，在从句作定语，故用whose。故填whose。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节；共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） A Can you stand on one leg for 10 seconds? Balance could be a matter of life and death. The World Health Organization estimates that 684,000 fatal falls occur each year, making falling the second leading cause of unintentional injury death. Some of these falls are caused by more serious conditions -but many aren’t. According to George Locker, a long-term practitioner of tai chi, a loss of balance is a medical problem that can’t be treated with drugs or surgery, despite its effects. Increasingly,efforts are being made to remedy(补救) the balance problem among the groups already most affected by it. Tai chi,practiced by an estimated 50 million people in China,is an option. Studies have shown that as little as eight weeks of practice can improve older adults’scores on the Tinetti test —a commonly used measure of competence in basic tasks such as rising from a chair and walking—as well as reducing fear of falling. Longer periods of study show further benefits. Whatever activity you choose the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to. not after it becomes an issue. As Locker puts it everyone’s told to save money for their retirement and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone. Just 15 minutes a day of practice can be beneficial, but do more if you have time Starting earlier helps: try the exercises below on a hard, level surface. Easy Level: Standing on one leg—with your hands resting on a work surface if you' re feeling unsteady — see how long you can maintain your balance. Do this one while you’re brushing your teeth. Medium Level: For this movement, start from standing and take a big step forwards, bending your front leg until your trailing knee just brushes the floor. Then push off your front leg and return to a standing position. Hard Level: Try step-ups on to a step or box: put one foot on to a box and push through that heel to step up so both feet end up together. To ensure you aren’t using your trailing leg to help ,keep your toes off the ground on that foot. 21. What does George Locker think of a lack of balance? A. It is costly to get treated with drugs and surgery. B. It is a minor issue that doesn’t affect one’s overall health. C. It is a problem without any medical solution. D. It is a problem that can be easily fixed by exercising. 22. Which of the following best illustrates the Medium Level practice? A. B. C. D. 23. What is the lesson conveyed in the passage regarding balance and health? A. Balance is the top leading cause of sudden death from injuries. B It is essential for those affected by balance issues to seek help. C. Taichi is the most effective way to improve one’s balance. D. It is wiser to work on balance as early as possible. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍保持平衡对我们的益处以及一些锻炼平衡的方法。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。由文章左边第二段“ According to George Locker, a long-term practitioner of tai chi, a loss of balance is a medical problem that can’t be treated with drugs or surgery, despite its effects.(根据长期练习太极的乔治·洛克的说法，失去平衡是一个医学问题，尽管有影响，但不能用药物或手术来治疗。)”可知，乔治·洛克认为缺乏平衡是一个没有任何医学解决方案的问题。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。由文章右边Medium Level段中“For this movement, start from standing and take a big step forwards, bending your front leg until your trailing knee just brushes the floor. Then push off your front leg and return to a standing position.(在这个动作中，从站立开始，向前迈出一大步，弯曲前腿，直到你的后膝刚好擦过地板。然后将前腿推开，回到站立姿势。)”可知，B项图片描述了上述的动作。故选B项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。由文章左边最后一段“Whatever activity you choose the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to. not after it becomes an issue. (无论你选择什么活动，课程都是在你需要之前努力训练保持平衡，而不是在它成为一个问题之后再去锻炼。)”可知，尽早锻炼平衡能力是明智的选择。故选D项。 B As a clueless freshman, I waltzed into my first creative writing course by accident, thinking it was a literature class on how to read stories, not how to write them. When the teacher introduced the course, I realized my mistake. The credits I earned from the course wouldn’t count toward my major. By the end of the session, however, I decided that I had to be a part of the course. Perhaps, as a lifelong reader, I was eager to understand how stories worked their magic. But taking the class would be impossible: I wasn’t even on the waitlist. That’s when the teacher asked for a volunteer to submit the first workshop story. Silence blanketed the room. No one risked eye contact. Whoever volunteered would have to write a whole story in a week. Perhaps they, like me, had never written one before. Seizing my chance, I raised my hand and asked, “If I go first, will you give me a spot in the class?” He said he would. So, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. Years later, I’d completed a degree in creative writing and was working on a novel when a literary agent asked to read the first 50 pages of my draft. But I wasn’t comfortable showing her anything; the novel was far from done. Throughout graduate school, I’d been advised many times not to contact agents until I have a complete draft. In the meanwhile, I knew the beginning of my story was attractive and that the agent might not remember me after a year. So, once again, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. I sent her the first three chapters. A month later, she signed me on the strength of those chapters alone. She has since seen me through the publication of three novels. Determination, focus, perseverance-the qualities that I consider crucial in getting me into Stanford no doubt helped me become the novelist I am today. And yet if I’d trained my gaze only on the path ahead, I would have missed so many happy accidents, so many beautiful opportunities to look up, raise my hand, and say yes. 24. What made the author finally decide to take the course? A. The popularity of the course. B. Her confidence in her writing skills. C. Her curiosity about story writing. D. The need to get credits for her degree. 25. The author volunteered to write the first workshop story to ________. A. challenge herself B. win a place in the class C. display her talent D. impress the teacher 26. The author sent her first three chapters to the agent because ________. A. she wanted to get the chance of publication B. her story was attractive to readers C. the agent asked her to turn in the work D. her friends advised her to do so 27. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Action speaks louder than words. B. Confidence leads to growth and fulfillment. C. Success comes to those who dare. D. Chance favors only the prepared mind. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从误打误撞参加创意写作课程，到决定加入并努力争取机会，再到后来成为小说家的经历。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By the end of the session, however, I decided that I had to be a part of the course. Perhaps, as a lifelong reader, I was eager to understand how stories worked their magic. (然而，在那堂课结束时，我决定自己必须成为这门课程的一部分。或许，作为一个终身读者，我渴望了解故事是如何施展其魔力的。)”可知，作者决定选修这门课程是源于作者对故事写作的好奇心和渴望。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But taking the class would be impossible: I wasn’t even on the waitlist. That’s when the teacher asked for a volunteer to submit the first workshop story. (但参加这门课程是不可能的：我甚至都不在候补名单上。就在这时，老师要求一名志愿者提交第一篇工作坊故事。)”以及第五段“Seizing my chance, I raised my hand and asked, “If I go first, will you give me a spot in the class?” He said he would. (我抓住机会，举手问道：“如果我第一个来，你会给我一个上课的名额吗？”他说他会。)”可推测，作者自愿写第一个工作坊故事是为了赢得一个上课的名额。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“So, once again, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. I sent her the first three chapters. A month later, she signed me on the strength of those chapters alone. (所以，我再次没有低头避开眼神交流，而是反其道而行之。我给她发了前三章。一个月后，她仅凭这三章就与我签约了。)”可知，作者给代理人发前三章的目的是为了得到出版的机会。故选A。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Determination, focus, perseverance-the qualities that I consider crucial in getting me into Stanford no doubt helped me become the novelist I am today. And yet if I’d trained my gaze only on the path ahead, I would have missed so many happy accidents, so many beautiful opportunities to look up, raise my hand, and say yes. (决心、专注、毅力——我认为这些品质对于我被斯坦福大学录取至关重要，它们无疑也帮助我成为了今天的我——一名小说家。然而，如果我只盯着前方的道路，我就会错过许多意外的惊喜，许多抬头、举手、说“是”的美好机会。)”以及全文内容可知，文章讲述的是作者原本并不是为了写作而参加创意写作课程的，但她在课堂上勇敢地采取了行动，最终成为了一名小说家。这表明成功属于那些敢于尝试的人。故选C。 C Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain. Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals. Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details — what patterns of activity within the map mean — differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies. That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from. While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities. Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain. 28. What can we learn about brain maps? A. They carry unique messages. B. They can process encrypted signals. C. Their functions vary from person to person. D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns. 29. What can we infer from the passage? A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically. B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries. C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind. D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs. 30. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Secure. B. Stable. C. Standard. D. Secret. 31. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The future trend of BCIs. B. The potential risks of BCIs. C. The working principle of BCIs. D. The general applications of BCIs. 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BCIs（脑机接口）技术及这种技术的工作原理。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions.（首先，你的大脑包含数百张小地图。每一个都代表了你身体感受和预期行为的特定特征。）”可知，每一个脑图都代表了你身体感受和预期行为的特定特征，由此可知，关于脑图，我们能知道它们承载着独特的信息。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.（多亏了机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序，可以学习在浩瀚的数字海洋中识别关键模式。他们通过给这些程序输入大量的例子来训练它们对大脑信号进行解码。开发BCI的研究人员通常通过指导一个人在特定时间思考特定的想法来创建这样的例子，为该程序创建一个可供学习的神经课程。）”可推知，由于机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序对大脑信号进行解码，进而使BCI能够读懂大脑，由此可知，我们能从这篇文章中推断出机器学习使BCI能够读懂大脑。故选C项。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在句中“train decoders on your brain without your knowledge（在你不知情的情况下在你的大脑中训练解码器）”可知，在你的大脑中训练解码器的行为是在你不知情的情况下发生的，由此可知，这应该是一些秘密的方式，“Secret”意为“秘密的”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的含义。故选D项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps.（脑机接口之所以成为可能，有两个原因。首先，你的大脑包含数百张小地图。）”和第四段关键句“That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers.（这就引出了第二个让脑机接口成为可能的事实。多亏了机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序，可以学习在浩瀚的数字海洋中识别关键模式。）”可知，文章主要介绍了脑机接口技术及这种技术的工作原理，C选项“The working principle of BCIs.”意为“脑机接口的工作原理”，C选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。 D Journal-based peer review — the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field — is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no. I’m not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I’d still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers. Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality. These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently—fittingly, in a preprint — preprints may be a way out because they don’t involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won’t accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science” — something which, so far at least, has yet to occur. Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results — a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals’ excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters — on the work itself, not where it is published. 32. According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review? A. It limits the number of research works. B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers. C. It removes public doubts about publication. D It changes the process of scientific publishing. 33. The author may agree that scientific journals ______. A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field 34. What’s the author’s opinion on the growing use of preprints? A. It will contribute to junk science. B. It may end the practice of peer review. C. It promotes the spread of research findings. D. It improves the quality of scientific publication. 35. This is basically a passage to ______. A. make comparison B. confirm a concept C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍同行评审及预印本，介绍它们的优点及缺点，并鼓励我们对其进行革新。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. (基于期刊的同行评审——将科学研究论文置于同一领域专家的检查的过程——通常被认为是研究的质量保证机制。它声称是防止发表错误论文的重要措施。)”可知，对于同行评审的普遍观点是：同行评审可以保证科研论文的质量，故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality. (审稿人的工作也变得扭曲：现在更常见的是，不是决定一篇论文是否好，而是考虑到期刊的发表，决定它是否足够好。对于顶级期刊来说，这可能既取决于科学质量，也取决于新闻价值。)”可知，作者认为科学期刊发表文章更注重新闻价值。故推知比起科学期刊的科学价值，科学期刊选择文章更注重其新闻价值和吸引力，故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. (越来越多的使用预印本，即未经同行评审而在线发布的论文草稿，是这一转变的关键部分，因为它们将科研人员带回到了研究出版物的全部内容当中。新成果的快速流通，以便于阅读、分析和构建。)”可知，作者认为预印本促进了新研究成果的快速流通，促进了研究成果的传播，故选C。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“ But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.(然而，正如生物学家Ron Vale最近恰当地指出的那样，在预印本中，预印本可能是一种出路，因为它们不涉及对规范的重大转变。鉴于预印本已经存在了20年，但尚未被普遍采用，这似乎是一个奇怪的说法。这种缓慢的吸收不仅是科学家固有保守主义的反映，也是普遍误解的结果，即期刊不接受作为预印本发布在网上的手稿。还有一种担忧是，在没有同行评议的情况下发表论文，可能会给“垃圾科学”打开闸门——至少到目前为止，这种情况还没有发生。)”可知，作者是支持使用预印本，可推断文章的目的是提倡使用预印本。并重视预印本中的新发现。D选项：提出实践（即使用预印本）符合推断结果。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Truth about Your Memory What would you be without your memories? How important is your ability to remember the past and to draw on it to help you know what to do next? I’ll answer tor you: It’s right up there with breathing and eating. ____36____ However, most people know little about memory. A study by research psychologists Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris asked people simple questions about memory and then compared their answers with those of experts in memory research. ___37___ For instance, to the question “Is there a ‘video camera’ in your head?” 63% of people surveyed strongly agreed or mostly agreed that human memory “works like a video camera, accurately recording the events we see and hear so that we can review and inspect them later.” None of the experts strongly agreed or mostly agreed that memory functions like that. So how does memory work? ____38____ He means well and wants to help, but the best he can do is tell you stories. And like all good storytellers, he edits for impact, efficiency, functionality, and clarity. He tells you what he assumes you need to know. He also makes honest mistakes—lots and lots of them. Sometimes he just gets confused and leaves out something important. He could even include inaccurate information by accident. In other words, there is no consistent or orderly sense to memory. A memory will be hidden away and connected to other memories or concepts in ways that are not necessarily practical or logical. ____39____ Memories come to us in a way that is similar to how archaeologists and police detectives use bits of information to construct stories about past people and events. ____40____ Fortunately, enough has been revealed to offer us wise and safe guidance through daily life. Your memory is best thought of as helpful input. We don’t need to remember every detail about everything. A. The researchers had a very tough time understanding human memories. B. The human brain is still a mysterious universe in many ways, of course. C. A research shows recalling the past can change the memory of what really happened. D. The results show how far removed from reality the public's beliefs about memory are. E. One would think that understanding how memory works would be a high priority for all people. F. I prefer to describe it as something like an old man sitting by a campfire somewhere deep in your brain. G This is why a particular smell or sound may bring up a memory even though it wasn’t important in the original experience. 【答案】36. E 37. D 38. F 39. G 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了记忆很重要，作者介绍了很多人都不大了解的记忆的工作原理。 【36题详解】 设空处在第一段段尾。上文“What would you be without your memories? How important is your ability to remember the past and to draw on it to help you know what to do next? I’ll answer tor you: It’s right up there with breathing and eating. (如果没有记忆，你会变成什么？记住过去并利用它来帮助你知道下一步该做什么，这种能力有多重要？我来回答你：它跟呼吸和进食一样重要)”；E项“One would think that understanding how memory works would be a high priority for all people.(有人会认为，理解记忆是如何工作的，是所有人的首要任务)”；下文第一句“However, most people know little about memory. (然而，大多数人对记忆知之甚少)”，E项在此有承上启下的功能：上文强调记忆很重要，所以理解记忆的工作原理是每个人的优先考虑事项，但是多数人知之甚少。语意连贯。故选E项。 【37题详解】 上文“A study by research psychologists Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris asked people simple questions about memory and then compared their answers with those of experts in memory research.(心理学家Daniel Simons和Christopher Chabris进行了一项研究，他们问人们一些关于记忆的简单问题，然后将他们的答案与记忆研究专家的答案进行比较)”，D项“The results show how far removed from reality the public’s beliefs about memory are.(结果表明，公众对记忆的看法与现实相差甚远)”；下文“For instance, to the question ‘Is there a ‘video camera’ in your head?’ 63% of people surveyed strongly agreed or mostly agreed that human memory ‘works like a video camera, accurately recording the events we see and hear so that we can review and inspect them later.’ None of the experts strongly agreed or mostly agreed that memory functions like that.(例如，对于‘你脑袋里有摄像机吗?’63%的受访者强烈同意或大部分同意，人类记忆‘就像一台摄像机，准确地记录下我们所看到和听到的事件，以便我们日后回顾和审视它们。’没有一个专家强烈同意或大部分同意记忆功能是这样的)”，D项与上文为顺接关系，下文则是举例呈现研究结果，语意连贯顺畅。故选D项。 【38题详解】 上文“So how does memory work? (那么记忆是如何工作的呢?)”，F项“I prefer to describe it as something like an old man sitting by a campfire somewhere deep in your brain.(我更喜欢把它描述成一个老人坐在你大脑深处的某个地方的篝火旁)”，可知，F项中的it指代上文的“记忆工作原理”；下文“He means well and wants to help, but the best he can do is tell you stories(他是好意，也想帮忙，但他能做的就是给你讲故事)”，句中的he指代F项中的an old man sitting by a campfire somewhere deep in your brain。故选F项。 【39题详解】 上文“A memory will be hidden away and connected Io other memories or concepts in ways that arc not necessarily practical or logical. (一段记忆将被隐藏起来，并以未必是实用的或符合逻辑的方式连接到其他记忆或概念上)”；G项“This is why a particular smell or sound may bring up a memory even though it wasn’t important in the original experience.(这就是为什么一种特定的气味或声音可能会唤起一段记忆，尽管它在最初的体验中并不重要)”，G项中提及的a particular smell or sound，即上文中的other memories or concepts in ways that arc not necessarily practical or logical。故选G项。 【40题详解】 设空处在段首。B项“The human brain is still a mysterious universe in many ways, of course.(当然，在很多方面，人脑仍然是一个神秘的宇宙)”；下文“Fortunately, enough has been revealed to offer us wise and safe guidance through daily life.(幸运的是，在日常生活中，已经有足够的启示为我们提供了明智和安全的指导)”；B项与下文有转折关系，衔接自然，语意连贯。故选B项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Your Life Is Better Than You Think The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize? While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation. Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture. You habituate to it — you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing. The good news is that you can dishabituate. That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized. The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously)that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it. If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes — and to break up reality. 41. Why do we often fail to notice the good things in our lives? _____________________________________________________________ 42 What is the key to dishabituating? _____________________________________________________________ 43. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. If something is constant and good at its core, it will reshine and we may focus our attention and effort on it. _____________________________________________________________ 44. Besides taking a long trip, what else can make us perceive our lives with fresh eyes? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】41. Because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation. 42. The key is taking small breaks from the daily life. 43. If something is constant and good at its core, it will reshine and we may focus our attention and effort on it. If we make the constant less so, we may focus our attention and effort on it. If it is good at its core, it will reshine. 44. 1)We can rearrange the furniture, redecorate a room, or even move to a new place. A change in our environment can have a significant impact on our mood and perspective, which can make us see our lives from a new angle and inspire us to try new things. 2)Whether it’s a new language, a musical instrument, or a sport, learning something new engages our minds and forces us to see the world from a different perspective. As we struggle and progress in mastering the skill, we gain a sense of accomplishment and a new appreciation for our own capabilities. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么我们常常忽视生活中的美好事物以及如何改变这一情况。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.(这并不是因为我们忘恩负义或愚蠢，而是因为我们大脑的一个基本特征，即习惯化)”可知，我们常常忽视生活中的美好事物是因为我们大脑的一个基本特征，即习惯化。故答案为Because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The key is taking small breaks from your daily life.(关键是在日常生活中稍作休息)”可知，改变习惯的关键是在日常生活中稍作休息。故答案为The key is taking small breaks from the daily life. 【43题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously)that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it. If it is good at its core, it may just reshine.(普通的东西突然变得很神奇。如果某件事是固定不变的，我们通常会假设（也许是无意识地）它会一直存在，因此，我们会把注意力和精力集中在清单上的下一件事上。但是，如果我们能使这个常数变得不那么重要，我们的注意力自然就会回到它身上。如果它的核心是好的，它可能会重新发光)”可知，错误的部分是“If something is constant，”原因是：如果我们把不变的东西变得不那么重要，我们就可以把注意力和精力集中在它上面。如果它的核心是好的，它就会重新发光。故答案为If something is constant and good at its core, it will reshine and we may focus our attention and effort on it. If we make the constant less so, we may focus our attention and effort on it. If it is good at its core, it will reshine. 【44题详解】 开放性题目。答案不唯一，合理即可。根据“除了长途旅行，还有什么能让我们用新鲜的眼光看待我们的生活？”可回答：1)我们可以重新安排家具，重新装饰房间，甚至搬到一个新的地方。环境的改变会对我们的情绪和观点产生重大影响，这可以让我们从一个新的角度看待我们的生活，激励我们尝试新事物。 2)无论是一门新的语言，一种乐器，还是一项运动，学习新的东西都能调动我们的思维，迫使我们从不同的角度看世界。当我们在掌握技能的过程中不断努力和进步时，我们会获得一种成就感，并对自己的能力有一种新的认识。故答案为1)We can rearrange the furniture, redecorate a room, or even move to a new place. A change in our environment can have a significant impact on our mood and perspective, which can make us see our lives from a new angle and inspire us to try new things. 2)Whether it’s a new language, a musical instrument, or a sport, learning something new engages our minds and forces us to see the world from a different perspective. As we struggle and progress in mastering the skill, we gain a sense of accomplishment and a new appreciation for our own capabilities. 第二节（共20分） 45. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校正在为2025迎新年庆祝活动征集活动方案，你已对活动设计形成了一些想法，请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。 内容包括： 1. 介绍设计想法； 2. 说明设计理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, As the year draws to a close, our school, Hongxing High, is gearing up for the 2025 New Year celebrations and is currently soliciting ideas for events. I have come up with a couple of thoughts that I’d love to share with you. My primary idea is to organize a “Cultural Fusion Festival,” where students from different backgrounds can showcase their traditions and customs through performances, food stalls, and interactive workshops. I believe this would not only celebrate the diversity within our school community but also foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of various cultures. I’m eager to hear your thoughts and incorporate your insights to make our celebration truly memorable. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封邮件，就自己对学校2025迎新年庆祝活动的活动设计形成的想法询问他的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 想出：come up with→think up 展示：showcase→display 促进：foster→improve 渴望：be eager to do→long to do 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I believe this would not only celebrate the diversity within our school community but also foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of various cultures. 拓展句：What I believe is that this would not only celebrate the diversity within our school community but also foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of various cultures. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As the year draws to a close, our school, Hongxing High, is gearing up for the 2025 New Year celebrations and is currently soliciting ideas for events. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2]My primary idea is to organize a “Cultural Fusion Festival,” where students from different backgrounds can showcase their traditions and customs through performances, food stalls, and interactive workshops. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024–20255学年度第一学期12月质量调研试题 高三英语 （试卷满分为100分，考试时间为90分钟） 本试卷共 9页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a boy, I used to mow the lawn for Mrs. Long. She paid me little for the job, but promised to give me a Christmas present. I spent much time ___1___ what it would be. Many boys had baseball gloves or ice skates and I was eager to have any of these. “It would ___2___ be a baseball glove,” I ___3___ with myself. “She wouldn’t know much about baseball.” So I was convinced that she would give me ice skates. As Christmas approached, it was with ___4___ that I stopped myself from reporting to Mrs. Long and demanding my present. On December 22, Mrs. Long gave me a small box which under no circumstances could ___5___ a pair of skates. I was disappointed. When lifting it from her, I was curious about the ___6___ of the present. It weighed almost nothing. “What is it?” I asked. “A kind of magic,” she said. Her words were enough to set my mind ___7___ with new possibilities. On Christmas morning, I had this box on my knees. With great ___8___ I opened the box to find inside ten sheets of black paper, Carbon Paper. “What is it?” I asked. Mum took two pieces of white paper, placed between them one of the black paper, and wrote my name on the upper sheet. Then she handed me the second sheet, which her pencil had in no way touched. There was my name! It was a miracle to my ___9___ mind. Thank Mrs. Long for her wisdom to guess that a boy might profit from a present totally outside the realm of his ordinary experience. The _____10_____ present merely satisfies a temporary desire; the great one lights up all the years of life that remain. 1. A. asking B. recalling C. proving D. wondering 2. A. possibly B. usually C. hardly D. definitely 3. A. reasoned B. inquired C. checked D. complained 4. A. anxiety B. patience C. difficulty D. confirmation 5. A. cover B. hold C. include D. involve 6. A. value B. shape C. meaning D. lightness 7. A. running B. going C. dancing D. thinking 8 A. surprise B. excitement C. energy D. confidence 9. A. childish B. sharp C. brilliant D. creative 10. A. fancy B. average C. popular D. expensive 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Matt asked his friend Adam to help him play a practical joke on Tricia, one of his classmates. One day, as Matta and Tricia ____11____ (wait) for their bus after school, Matt asked Tricia to keep an eye on his briefcase for a minute while he ran to buy something. Then Adam came ____12____ (run) by and “stole” the briefcase. When Matta returned, Tricia explained ____13____ had happened. Matta acted really angry and told Tricia that the briefcase contained something very valuable which he thought she should be responsible for replacing. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Cambodia is experiencing a rise in population and unregulated development, which has been destructive for the environment. More and more ____14____ (experienced) farmers are taking up agriculture near the edges of Cambodia’ s forests. Unfortunately for Cambodia’s wild Asian elephants, this has caused a conflict with humans. As elephants search ____15____ food, they have destroyed farms. In turn, poor and uneducated farmers have killed the elephants ____16____ (protect) their livelihoods. By the early years of this century, the population of elephants ____17____ (fall) dramatically from about 2,000 to 500. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In today’s scientific world, talk to a few people in the travel industry, you’ll soon learn that superstition is still alive around the world. In parts of Asia, the number “four” ____18____ (consider)unlucky because it has a similar pronunciation to that of the Chinese word for “death”. One airline admitted that it omits row 4 or 44 because too many passengers refuse to sit in those ____19____ (seat). Flight attendants have a reputation for being superstitious, too. Some may have been known to refuse hotel rooms ____20____ numbers coincide with those of flights that ended in tragedy. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节；共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） A Can you stand on one leg for 10 seconds? Balance could be a matter of life and death. The World Health Organization estimates that 684,000 fatal falls occur each year, making falling the second leading cause of unintentional injury death. Some of these falls are caused by more serious conditions -but many aren’t. According to George Locker, a long-term practitioner of tai chi, a loss of balance is a medical problem that can’t be treated with drugs or surgery, despite its effects. Increasingly,efforts are being made to remedy(补救) the balance problem among the groups already most affected by it. Tai chi,practiced by an estimated 50 million people in China,is an option. Studies have shown that as little as eight weeks of practice can improve older adults’scores on the Tinetti test —a commonly used measure of competence in basic tasks such as rising from a chair and walking—as well as reducing fear of falling. Longer periods of study show further benefits. Whatever activity you choose the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to. not after it becomes an issue. As Locker puts it everyone’s told to save money for their retirement and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone. Just 15 minutes a day of practice can be beneficial, but do more if you have time Starting earlier helps: try the exercises below on a hard, level surface. Easy Level: Standing on one leg—with your hands resting on a work surface if you' re feeling unsteady — see how long you can maintain your balance. Do this one while you’re brushing your teeth. Medium Level: For this movement, start from standing and take a big step forwards, bending your front leg until your trailing knee just brushes the floor. Then push off your front leg and return to a standing position. Hard Level: Try step-ups on to a step or box: put one foot on to a box and push through that heel to step up so both feet end up together. To ensure you aren’t using your trailing leg to help ,keep your toes off the ground on that foot. 21. What does George Locker think of a lack of balance? A. It is costly to get treated with drugs and surgery. B. It is a minor issue that doesn’t affect one’s overall health. C. It is a problem without any medical solution. D. It is a problem that can be easily fixed by exercising. 22 Which of the following best illustrates the Medium Level practice? A. B. C. D. 23. What is the lesson conveyed in the passage regarding balance and health? A. Balance is the top leading cause of sudden death from injuries. B. It is essential for those affected by balance issues to seek help. C. Taichi is the most effective way to improve one’s balance. D. It is wiser to work on balance as early as possible. B As a clueless freshman, I waltzed into my first creative writing course by accident, thinking it was a literature class on how to read stories, not how to write them. When the teacher introduced the course, I realized my mistake. The credits I earned from the course wouldn’t count toward my major. By the end of the session, however, I decided that I had to be a part of the course. Perhaps, as a lifelong reader, I was eager to understand how stories worked their magic. But taking the class would be impossible: I wasn’t even on the waitlist. That’s when the teacher asked for a volunteer to submit the first workshop story. Silence blanketed the room. No one risked eye contact. Whoever volunteered would have to write a whole story in a week. Perhaps they like me, had never written one before. Seizing my chance, I raised my hand and asked, “If I go first, will you give me a spot in the class?” He said he would. So, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. Years later, I’d completed a degree in creative writing and was working on a novel when a literary agent asked to read the first 50 pages of my draft. But I wasn’t comfortable showing her anything; the novel was far from done. Throughout graduate school, I’d been advised many times not to contact agents until I have a complete draft. In the meanwhile, I knew the beginning of my story was attractive and that the agent might not remember me after a year. So, once again, instead of keeping my head down and avoiding eye contact, I did the opposite. I sent her the first three chapters. A month later, she signed me on the strength of those chapters alone. She has since seen me through the publication of three novels. Determination, focus, perseverance-the qualities that I consider crucial in getting me into Stanford no doubt helped me become the novelist I am today. And yet if I’d trained my gaze only on the path ahead, I would have missed so many happy accidents, so many beautiful opportunities to look up, raise my hand, and say yes. 24. What made the author finally decide to take the course? A. The popularity of the course. B. Her confidence in her writing skills. C. Her curiosity about story writing. D. The need to get credits for her degree. 25. The author volunteered to write the first workshop story to ________. A. challenge herself B. win a place in the class C. display her talent D. impress the teacher 26. The author sent her first three chapters to the agent because ________. A. she wanted to get the chance of publication B. her story was attractive to readers C. the agent asked her to turn in the work D. her friends advised her to do so 27. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Action speaks louder than words. B. Confidence leads to growth and fulfillment. C. Success comes to those who dare. D. Chance favors only the prepared mind. C Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain. Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals. Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details — what patterns of activity within the map mean — differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies. That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from. While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities. Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain. 28. What can we learn about brain maps? A. They carry unique messages. B. They can process encrypted signals. C. Their functions vary from person to person. D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns. 29. What can we infer from the passage? A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically. B BCIs could help recover from brain injuries. C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind. D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs. 30. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Secure. B. Stable. C. Standard. D. Secret. 31. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The future trend of BCIs. B. The potential risks of BCIs. C. The working principle of BCIs. D. The general applications of BCIs. D Journal-based peer review — the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field — is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no. I’m not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I’d still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers. Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive (过多) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality. These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently—fittingly, in a preprint — preprints may be a way out because they don’t involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won’t accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science” — something which, so far at least, has yet to occur. Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results — a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals’ excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters — on the work itself, not where it is published. 32. According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review? A. It limits the number of research works. B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers. C. It removes public doubts about publication. D. It changes the process of scientific publishing. 33. The author may agree that scientific journals ______. A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field 34. What’s the author’s opinion on the growing use of preprints? A. It will contribute to junk science. B. It may end the practice of peer review. C. It promotes the spread of research findings. D. It improves the quality of scientific publication. 35. This is basically a passage to ______. A. make comparison B. confirm a concept C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Truth about Your Memory What would you be without your memories? How important is your ability to remember the past and to draw on it to help you know what to do next? I’ll answer tor you: It’s right up there with breathing and eating. ____36____ However, most people know little about memory. A study by research psychologists Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris asked people simple questions about memory and then compared their answers with those of experts in memory research. ___37___ For instance, to the question “Is there a ‘video camera’ in your head?” 63% of people surveyed strongly agreed or mostly agreed that human memory “works like a video camera, accurately recording the events we see and hear so that we can review and inspect them later.” None of the experts strongly agreed or mostly agreed that memory functions like that. So how does memory work? ____38____ He means well and wants to help, but the best he can do is tell you stories. And like all good storytellers, he edits for impact, efficiency, functionality, and clarity. He tells you what he assumes you need to know. He also makes honest mistakes—lots and lots of them. Sometimes he just gets confused and leaves out something important. He could even include inaccurate information by accident. In other words, there is no consistent or orderly sense to memory. A memory will be hidden away and connected to other memories or concepts in ways that are not necessarily practical or logical. ____39____ Memories come to us in a way that is similar to how archaeologists and police detectives use bits of information to construct stories about past people and events. ____40____ Fortunately, enough has been revealed to offer us wise and safe guidance through daily life. Your memory is best thought of as helpful input. We don’t need to remember every detail about everything. A. The researchers had a very tough time understanding human memories. B. The human brain is still a mysterious universe in many ways, of course. C. A research shows recalling the past can change the memory of what really happened. D. The results show how far removed from reality the public's beliefs about memory are. E. One would think that understanding how memory works would be a high priority for all people. F. I prefer to describe it as something like an old man sitting by a campfire somewhere deep in your brain. G. This is why a particular smell or sound may bring up a memory even though it wasn’t important in the original experience. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Your Life Is Better Than You Think The undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize? While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation. Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture. You habituate to it — you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing. The good news is that you can dishabituate. That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized. The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously)that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it. If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes — and to break up reality. 41. Why do we often fail to notice the good things in our lives? _____________________________________________________________ 42. What is the key to dishabituating? _____________________________________________________________ 43. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. If something is constant and good at its core, it will reshine and we may focus our attention and effort on it. _____________________________________________________________ 44. Besides taking a long trip, what else can make us perceive our lives with fresh eyes? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 第二节（共20分） 45. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校正在为2025迎新年庆祝活动征集活动方案，你已对活动设计形成了一些想法，请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。 内容包括： 1. 介绍设计想法； 2. 说明设计理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$