2025年中考英语二轮复习现在完成时时态总结和题目训练

现在完成时 时态总结和题目训练 1、 【定义】 表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。。 二、【用法+标志词】： 用法1：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 标志词： already（“已经”，肯定句）、yet（“还未”，否定和疑问句）、just（“刚刚”）、ever（“曾经”）、never、lately=recently（“最近”）、so far=up to now=till now=until now（“到目前为止”）、in the recent years（“在最近几年”）、over the past years（“在过去几年里”）... 例句：Tom has already finished his homework.他把作业做完了。 （结果/影响：Tom可以做其他事了。） 用法2：过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成或可能持续下去。 标志词：since（“自从”+时间点/一般过去时句子）、for（+时间段）。 例句：We have learned English since eight years ago. = We have learned English since we were at an early age. = We have learned English for eight years. (表示过去开始学，持续到现在，并已经完成或可能持续下去) 注：当现在完成时表示持续时，谓语动词不能使用非延续性动词（短暂性动词），而应该使用延续性动词，即将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。 例句：I have bought the pen for 3 months. × （buy “购买”，是短暂性动词，不能和时间段“3 months”连用） 应转换为：I have had the pen for 3 months. (have “拥有”，是延续性动词) 常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词的词语： leave--be away；arrive--be here/there；begin/start--be on；die--be dead；get up--be up；open--be open；close--be closed；fall asleep--be asleep；borrow--keep；buy--have... 三、【结构】: 主语+助动词(have/has) +动词的过去分词（done） 肯定句：第三人称单数+has+done+... 其他人称+have+done+... 例句：My hometown has changed a lot in the recent years. 否定句：第三人称单数+has not(hasn’t)+done+... 其他人称+have not(haven’t)+done+... 例句：He hasn’t seen his teacher for ten years. 疑问句：Has+第三人称单数+done+...? Have+其他人称+done+...? 例句：Has Jack been to Beijing? Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t. (特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What have you bought so far?) 四、have gone to、have been to、have been in的辨析使用 1. have gone to - 用法：表示某人去了某地，还没回来。这个结构强调的是动作的“去”以及人现在不在说话的地方。 - 例句：She has gone to Paris.（她去巴黎了。） 意思是她现在不在这儿，可能在去巴黎的路上或者已经在巴黎了。 2. have been to - 用法：表示某人曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了。 - 例句：I have been to London twice.（我去过伦敦两次。） 这里表明“我”有过去去伦敦的经历，现在不在伦敦。 3. have been in - 用法：表示某人在某地待了一段时间，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。 - 例句：He has been in New York for three years.（他在纽约待了三年了。） 强调他在纽约这个状态持续了三年。 五、【过去分词的规则变化同过去式】 情况 变化规则 读音 例子 一般情况 加-ed 清辅音后读/t/ 浊辅音和元音后读/d/ help-helped enjoy-enjoyed 不发音的e结尾 加-d 读音同上 like-liked live-lived 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i加-ed 读/id/ study-studied carry-carried 重读闭音节结尾（重度辅元辅） 双写尾字母加-ed 读音同第一条 stop-stopped plan-planned 不规则变化 Is/am-was, are-were, do-did, have-had, eat-ate等 附：常见的不规则变化的动词： 1. am/is - was - been 是 2. are - were - been 是 3. become - became - become 成为 4. begin - began - begun 开始 5. blow - blew - blown 吹 6. break - broke - broken 打破 7. bring - brought - brought 带来 8. build - built - built 建造 9. burn - burnt/burned - burnt/burned 燃烧 10. buy - bought - bought 买 11. catch - caught - caught 抓住 12. choose - chose - chosen 选择 13. come - came - come 来 14. cost - cost - cost 花费 15. cut - cut - cut 切 16. do - did - done 做 17. draw - drew - drawn 画 18. drink - drank - drunk 喝 19. drive - drove - driven 驾驶 20. eat - ate - eaten 吃 21. fall - fell - fallen 落下 22. feed - fed - fed 喂养 23. feel - felt - felt 感觉 24. fight - fought - fought 打架 25. find - found - found 发现 26. fly - flew - flown 飞 27. forget - forgot - forgotten/forgot 忘记 28. forgive - forgave - forgiven 原谅 29. freeze - froze - frozen 冻结 30. get - got - got/gotten 得到 31. give - gave - given 给 32. go - went - gone 去 33. grow - grew - grown 生长 34. hang（悬挂） - hung - hung 35. have/has - had - had 有 36. hear - heard - heard 听见 37. hide - hid - hidden 隐藏 38. hit - hit - hit 击打 39. hold - held - held 握住 40. hurt - hurt - hurt 伤害 41. keep - kept - kept 保持 42. know - knew - known 知道 43. lay - laid - laid 放置 44. lead - led - led 领导 45. learn - learnt/learned - learnt/learned 学习 46. leave - left - left 离开 47. lend - lent - lent 借出 48. let - let - let 让 49. lie（躺） - lay - lain 50. light - lit/lighted - lit/lighted 点燃 51. lose - lost - lost 丢失 52. make - made - made 制作 53. mean - meant - meant 意思是 54. meet - met - met 遇见 55. mistake - mistook - mistaken 弄错 56. pay - paid - paid 支付 57. put - put - put 放 58. read - read - read 阅读 59. ride - rode - ridden 骑 60. ring - rang - rung 响铃 61. rise - rose - risen 升起 62. run - ran - run 跑 63. say - said - said 说 64. see - saw - seen 看见 65. seek - sought - sought 寻找 66. sell - sold - sold 卖 67. send - sent - sent 发送 68. set - set - set 放置 69. sew - sewed - sewn/sewed 缝纫 70. shake - shook - shaken 摇动 71. shine（发光） - shone - shone 72. shoot - shot - shot 射击 73. show - showed - shown/showed 展示 74. shut - shut - shut 关闭 75. sing - sang - sung 唱歌 76. sink - sank/sunk - sunk 下沉 77. sit - sat - sat 坐 78. sleep - slept - slept 睡觉 79. smell - smelt/smelled - smelt/smelled 闻 80. speak - spoke - spoken 说话 现在完成时 题目训练和答案解析 一、填空题 1. I ______ (finish) my homework already. 2. She ______ (not come) back yet. 3. They ______ (be) to Beijing twice. 4. He ______ (live) here since 2010. 5. We ______ (know) each other for five years. 6. My father ______ (just leave) for work. 7. The film ______ (start). We can't enter the cinema now. 8. How long ______ you ______ (keep) this book? 9. She ______ (never visit) the Great Wall. 10. I ______ (lose) my key. I can't open the door. 11. The train ______ (arrive). Let's hurry up. 12. ______ you ______ (see) my pen? I can't find it. 13. She ______ (become) a famous singer in the last few years. 14. We ______ (have) a good time in the park so far. 15. They ______ (not finish) the project yet. 16. He ______ (be) in the army for three years. 17. She ______ (write) three letters this morning. 18. How many times ______ he ______ (go) to the zoo? 19. The boy ______ (fall) asleep. Don't wake him up. 20. I ______ (hear) from my friend recently. 21. They ______ (build) a new bridge over the river. 22. She ______ (travel) to many countries. 23. We ______ (not see) him since last week. 24. The old man ______ (die) for two years. 25. I ______ (forget) to bring my umbrella. 26. She ______ (be) ill for a week. 27. They ______ (plant) many trees on the hill. 28. He ______ (read) that novel twice. 29. The meeting ______ (be) over for an hour. 30. I ______ (just have) breakfast. 二、单项选择题 1. -______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall? -Yes, I have. A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Are; going 2. She ______ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept 3. -Where's your father? -He ______ to work. A. has gone B. has been C. will go D. is going 4. They ______ in this school since they came to this city. A. have studied B. studied C. study D. are studying 5. My sister ______ the Youth League for more than two years. A. has joined B. has been in C. has taken part in D. has joined in 6. -______ you ______ your homework yet? -Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished C. Have; done; finished D. Will; do; finish 7. The film ______ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn't begun D. began 8. We ______ each other since we were children. A. Know B. knew C. have known D. had known 9. He ______ to the zoo many times. A. has gone B. went C. has been D. is going 10. She ______ her hometown for a long time. She really misses it. A. Left B. has left C. has been away from D. is away from 11. -How long ______ you ______ here? -For about two years so far. A. have; studied B. did; study C. do; study D. were; studying 12. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 13. -______ you ______ the movie before? -Yes, I ______ it last week. A. Have; seen; saw B. Did; see; saw C. Have; seen; have seen D. Did; see; have seen 14. The Greens ______ China for five years. A. has been in B. have been in C. went to D. has gone to 15. She ______ a lot of friends since she came to this school. A. made B. makes C. has made D. is making 16. -Has your father finished his report? -Sorry, I don't know. He ______ it this morning. A. was writing B. wrote C. has written D. is writing 17. The old man ______ last year. He ______ for a year. A. died; has been dead B. died; has died C. has died; has been dead D. has died; died 18. I ______ the book to the library. I can't find it now. A. returned B. have returned C. will return D. was returning 19. They ______ the classroom. It is very clean now. A. have cleaned B. cleaned C. will clean D. are cleaning 20. -______ your sister ______ her homework? -Yes, she has. She ______ it an hour ago. A. Has; finished; finished B. Did; finish; finished C. Has; finished; has finished D. Did; finish; has finished 21. -How long ______ your uncle ______ in the city? -For nearly five years. A. has; come B. has; been C. did; come D. does; come 22. We ______ a lot of new words since we began to study English. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn 23. She ______ to the party. She had a great time. A. has been invited B. was invited C. has invited D. invited 24. The boy ______ his homework. He is watching TV now. A. has finished B. finished C. will finish D. is finishing 25. -______ you ______ the film Harry Potter? -Yes. I ______ it last week. A. Have; seen; saw B. Did; see; saw C. Have; seen; have seen D. Did; see; have seen 26. They ______ in the park when it rained. A. walked B. are walking C. were walking D. have walked 27. My brother ______ the army for three years. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in 28. -How long ______ you ______ this bike? -For two years. A. have; had B. did; buy C. have; bought D. do; have 29. The girl ______ a cold for a week. A. has caught B. has had C. caught D. had 30. I ______ my keys. I must find them. A. Lost B. have lost C. lose D. am losing 三、文章填空题 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 I'm Li Hua. I 1. ______ (live) in Beijing since I was born. I 2. ______ (visit) many places of interest in Beijing. For example, I 3. ______ (be) to the Great Wall three times. It is really amazing. I also 4. ______ (go) to the Summer Palace and other famous parks. Beijing 5. ______ (change) a lot in the past few years. It is becoming more and more beautiful. 答案与解析 一、填空题答案 1. have finished 2. hasn't come 3. have been 4. has lived 5. have known 6. has just left 7. has started 8. have; kept 9. has never visited 10. have lost 11. has arrived 12. Have; seen 13. has become 14. have had 15. haven't finished 16. has been 17. has written 18. has; gone 19. has fallen 20. have heard 21. have built 22. has traveled 23. haven't seen 24. has been dead 25. have forgotten 26. has been 27. have planted 28. has read 29. has been 30. have just had 填空题解析： 1. already 是现在完成时的标志词，“完成作业”这个动作对现在有影响，所以用 have finished。 2. yet 用于现在完成时的否定句，所以是 hasn't come。 3. “去过某地几次”用 have been to，主语是 they，所以用 have been。 4. since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，“居住”是延续性动词，用 has lived。 5. for + 时间段，是现在完成时的标志，“认识”是延续性动词，用 have known。 6. just 是现在完成时的标志词，“离开”用 has just left。 7. “电影开始”这个动作对现在不能进入电影院有影响，用 has started。 8. how long 提问时间段，动词要用延续性动词，“借”的延续性动词是 keep，所以是 have; kept。 9. never 是现在完成时的标志词，用 has never visited。 10. “丢失钥匙”对现在打不开门有影响，用 have lost。 11. “火车到达”对现在要快点有影响，用 has arrived。 12. 询问“是否看见过”，用现在完成时，Have; seen。 13. in the last few years 是现在完成时的标志，“成为”用 has become。 14. so far 是现在完成时的标志，“玩得开心”用 have had。 15. yet 用于否定句，“完成项目”用 haven't finished。 16. for + 时间段，“在军队”用 has been in。 17. this morning 虽然是过去时间，但这里强调“写了三封信”这个动作对现在有影响，用 has written。 18. “去过几次”用 has; gone，主语是 he，所以用 has; gone。 19. “睡着”用 has fallen asleep。 20. recently 是现在完成时的标志，用 have heard。 21. “建造桥”这个动作已经完成，对现在有影响，用 have built。 22. “去过很多国家旅行”用 has traveled。 23. since + 过去时间，主句用现在完成时，“看见”用 haven't seen。 24. “去世”是短暂性动词，不能和 for + 时间段连用，要用 has been dead 表示状态。 25. “忘记带伞”对现在有影响，用 have forgotten。 26. for + 时间段，“生病”用 has been ill。 27. “种树”这个动作已经完成，对现在有影响，用 have planted。 28. “读小说两次”用 has read。 29. for + 时间段，“会议结束”用 has been over。 30. just 是现在完成时的标志，“吃早餐”用 have just had。 二、单项选择题答案 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. B 单项选择题解析： 1. “去过某地”用 have been to，主语是 you，所以选 A。 2. for + 时间段，动词要用延续性动词，borrow、lend、buy 都是短暂性动词，keep 是延续性动词，所以选 D。 3. “去上班了（还没回来）”用 has gone to，选 A。 4. since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，选 A。 5. join 是短暂性动词，不能和 for + 时间段连用，be in 是延续性动词，选 B。 6. 第一句问“是否完成作业”用现在完成时，第二句 ago 是过去时间，用一般过去时，选 C。 7. for + 时间段，动词要用延续性动词，begin 的延续性动词是 be on，选 A。 8. since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，选 C。 9. “去过某地多次”用 has been to，选 C。 10. for + 时间段，leave 是短暂性动词，要用 has been away from，选 C。 11. how long 提问时间段，动词要用延续性动词，“学习”用 have studied，选 A。 12. for + 时间段，“在某地”用 have been in，选 A。 13. 第一句问“以前是否看过”用现在完成时，第二句 last week 是过去时间，用一般过去时，选 A。 14. the Greens 是复数，“在中国待了五年”用 have been in，选 B。 15. since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，“交朋友”用 has made，选 C。 16. this morning 虽然是过去时间，但这里强调“今天早上正在写”，用过去进行时，选 A。 17. last year 用一般过去时，“去世”用 died，for + 时间段，要用 has been dead，选 A。 18. “把书还到图书馆”对现在找不到书有影响，用现在完成时，选 B。 19. “打扫教室”这个动作对现在教室干净有影响，用现在完成时，选 A。 20. 第一句问“是否完成作业”用现在完成时，第二句 ago 是过去时间，用一般过去时，选 A。 21. how long 提问时间段，动词要用延续性动词，“在城市”用 has been，选 B。 22. since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，“学习新单词”用 have learned，选 C。 23. “被邀请参加派对”用一般过去时的被动语态，选 B。 24. “完成作业”对现在看电视有影响，用现在完成时，选 A。 25. 第一句问“是否看过电影”用现在完成时，第二句 last week 是过去时间，用一般过去时，选 A。 26. when 引导的时间状语从句，“下雨的时候正在散步”用过去进行时，选 C。 27. for + 时间段，join 是短暂性动词，要用 has been in，选 B。 28. how long 提问时间段，动词要用延续性动词，“拥有自行车”用 have had，选 A。 29. for + 时间段，catch 是短暂性动词，要用 has had，选 B。 30. “丢失钥匙”对现在要找钥匙有影响，用现在完成时，选 B。 三、文章填空题答案 1. have lived 2. have visited 3. have been 4. have gone 5. has changed 文章填空题解析： 1. since I was born 是现在完成时的标志，“居住”用 have lived。 2. “参观过很多地方”对现在有影响，用 have visited。 3. “去过长城三次”用 have been to，这里用 have been。 4. “去过颐和园等地方”用 have gone to，这里用 have gone。 5. in the past few years 是现在完成时的标志，“变化”用 has changed。 现在完成时和一般过去时 综合训练和答案解析 文章填空（一） Last week, I 1. ______ (go) to the city library. I 2. ______ (borrow) two interesting books. I 3. ______ (already read) one of them and it 4. ______ (be) really exciting. I 5. ______ (not return) the books yet. I 6. ______ (plan) to finish reading the other one this weekend. The library 7. ______ (become) my favorite place to go in my free time. I 8. ______ (visit) it many times before. 文章填空（二） Yesterday, my family and I 1. ______ (have) a picnic in the park. We 2. ______ (prepare) a lot of delicious food in the morning. When we 3. ______ (arrive) at the park, we 4. ______ (find) a nice place under a big tree. We 5. ______ (eat) and 6. ______ (chat) happily. I 7. ______ (not have) such a great time with my family for a long time. Now I 8. ______ (look forward to) the next picnic. 文章填空（三） My friend Lucy 1. ______ (be) very fond of traveling. She 2. ______ (travel) to several places in the past few years. Last month, she 3. ______ (go) to Hangzhou. She 4. ______ (visit) the West Lake and 5. ______ (take) many beautiful photos there. She 6. ______ (tell) me that she 7. ______ (enjoy) the trip very much. Since then, she 8. ______ (want) to go back again. 文章填空（四） I 1. ______ (take) part in a drawing competition last Saturday. I 2. ______ (practice) drawing for a long time before that. I 3. ______ (draw) a picture of my hometown. Although I 4. ______ (not win) the first prize, I 5. ______ (feel) satisfied with my work. My parents 6. ______ (be) proud of me too. I 7. ______ (already think) about what to draw for the next competition. 文章填空（五） Last night, I 1. ______ (watch) a movie at home. It 2. ______ (be) a science fiction movie. I 3. ______ (be attracted) by the amazing special effects. I 4. ______ (not see) a movie like this for a long time. After watching it, I 5. ______ (call) my best friend and 6. ______ (talk) about the movie with him. He 7. ______ (see) it too and we 8. ______ (share) our different views. 答案与解析 文章填空（一）答案 1. went 2. borrowed 3. have already read 4. was 5. haven't returned 6. plan 7. has become 8. have visited 解析： - “Last week”表明“去图书馆”和“借书”是一般过去时，用 went 和 borrowed。 - “already”提示“已经读了一本”用现在完成时 have already read。 - “书很精彩”是过去的状态，用 was。 - “还没还书”用现在完成时的否定形式 haven't returned。 - “计划周末读完另一本”是现在的动作，用 plan。 - “图书馆成为最爱”强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用 has become。 - “以前去过很多次”用现在完成时 have visited。 文章填空（二）答案 1. had 2. prepared 3. arrived 4. found 5. ate 6. chatted 7. hadn't had 8. am looking forward to 解析： - “Yesterday”说明“野餐”“准备食物”“到达公园”“找到地方”“吃饭”“聊天”等都是一般过去时，分别用 had、prepared、arrived、found、ate、chatted。 - “很久没和家人这么开心”强调过去对现在的影响，用 hadn't had。 - “现在期待下一次野餐”用现在进行时表将来 am looking forward to。 文章填空（三）答案 1. has been 2. has traveled 3. went 4. visited 5. took 6. told 7. had enjoyed 8. has wanted 解析： - “in the past few years”提示“喜欢旅行”“去过很多地方”用现在完成时，分别为 has been、has traveled。 - “Last month”决定“去杭州”用 went。 - “参观西湖”“拍照”用 visited 和 took。 - “告诉我”用 told。 - “很享受旅行”在“告诉我”之前，用过去完成时 had enjoyed。 - “从那以后想再去”强调从过去到现在的想法，用 has wanted。 文章填空（四）答案 1. took 2. had practiced 3. drew 4. didn't win 5. felt 6. were 7. have already thought 解析： - “last Saturday”表明“参加绘画比赛”是一般过去时，用 took。 - “之前练习很久”在“参加比赛”之前，用过去完成时 had practiced。 - “画家乡”用 drew。 - “没赢得一等奖”用 didn't win。 - “感到满意”用 felt。 - “父母感到骄傲”用 were。 - “已经考虑下一次画什么”强调现在的结果，用 have already thought。 文章填空（五）答案 1. watched 2. was 3. was attracted 4. hadn't seen 5. called 6. talked 7. had seen 8. shared 解析： - “Last night”说明“看电影”用 watched。 - “电影是科幻片”用 was。 - “被特效吸引”用 was attracted。 - “很久没看这样的电影”强调过去对现在的影响，用 hadn't seen。 - “打电话”“谈论”是过去的动作，用 called 和 talked。 - “他也看过”在“谈论”之前，用过去完成时 had seen。 - “分享观点”用 shared。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$