选必三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Words and Expressions（课件）--- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）

Words and Expressions 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle alcohol [ˈælkəhɒl] n. 酒；酒精 alcohol abuse 酗酒 alcohol-free beer 不含酒精的啤酒 drink / consume alcohol 喝/饮酒 alcoholic adj. 酒精的 n. 酒鬼，酗酒者 workaholic n 工作狂 1. Alcohol has a very bad effect on drivers. 2. Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body. abuse [əˈbjuːz] n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 abuse alcohol/alcohol abuse 酗酒 abuse one’s power/position/privilege 滥用职权/特权 abuse children 虐待儿童 verbal abuse 言语上的辱骂 physical/mental abuse 生理/精神折磨 abuse one's confidence辜负某人的信任 abuser n. 滥用者；施虐者 abusive adj. 辱骂的；滥用的；虐待的 abused adj. (尤指药物)滥用的；受虐的 abuse [əˈbjuːz] n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 drug abuse 嗜毒 child abuse 虐童 verbal abuse 言语辱骂 physical [ˈfɪzɪkl] adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的 physical and mental health 身心健康 keep healthy mentally and physically 保持身心健康 physical laws 物理定律,自然法则 a physical disability 生理缺陷 physician n. 医师; (尤指)内科医生 resident (physician) n. 住院医生 dentist n. 牙科医生 physically adv. 身体上；体格上 physics n. 物理 physicist n. 物理学家 physician n. 内科医生 surgeon dominate [ˈdɒmɪneɪt] v.支配；控制；占有优势 be dominated by　由……主宰; 由某人所控制、支配 dominate the city俯视全城 dominate the match/war在比赛/战争中占上风 dominating figure主要人物； 强势人物 dominating factor主导因素 achieve/establish dominance over获得对……的控制 domination n. 控制，统治 dominance n. 支配地位; 优势 dominating adj. 主要的；独裁的；有影响力的 dominatingly adv. 有领导作风地；独裁地 dominant adj. 首要的, 占支配地位的 dominate [ˈdɒmɪneɪt] v.支配；控制；占有优势 1. The industry __________(dominate) by three big companies. 2. __________(dominate) by his father, he has to do as his father says. 3.She was a _________ (dominate)  figure in the French film  industry. Dominated is dominated dominant repeatedly [rɪˈpiːtɪdli] adv.重复地 v + ed + ly = adv hurry hurriedly adv.匆忙地 expect unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地 doubt undoubtedly adv.毫无疑问地 repeat v.重复 repeated adj.重复的 repetition n.重复 cue [kju:] n.提示；暗示；信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示) cue v.提示，暗示=imply=indicate=suggest n.暗示=hint=clue a cue for / to do sth 一个...的信号/暗示 a cue for sth ...的暗示/信号 time cue时间线索 in response to 回答；答复 in response to=in reaction=answer=reply to respond to 对…作出回应 respond with a smile 报以微笑 make/give a response to 对...做出回应 react to=reply respond v. 回答; 答复; 回应; 响应 response n. 回答; 答复; 反应; 响应 reward [rɪˈwɔːd] n. 回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 in reward (for...) 作为(对…的)回报 as a reward (for...) 作为(对…的)报酬/奖赏  give a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而给某人奖励 reward sb.with sth.用某物奖励某人 reward sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而奖励某人 rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的;有意义的 reward [rɪˈwɔːd] n. 回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 prize reward award award v.授予，颁发 award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物 reward 一指因工作、贡献等而得到的“回报”“报酬”。二指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回失物而得到的“赏金”。 We should not hope to get rewards without hard work. A $100 reward has been offered for the return of the backpack. award 指因某种突出的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉，可以是“奖（品）”“奖状”“奖金”等。 award 比 reward 更正式，to officially give sb a prize or money。 He won the Housing Design Award for the year 2011. prize 指因在某方面做出巨大的贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获得的“奖赏”“奖品”。 the Nobel Prize for Physics / Medicine / Peace She won first prize at the speech contest. reward, award, prize 辨析 reward [rɪˈwɔːd] n. 回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 reward 给予；赠给 （基本义） 对他人的付出或牺牲给予回报、补偿或奖励 自己的付出得到别人给予的肯定、回报、补偿或奖励 悬赏金；奖金 报答；报酬；奖赏 报答；酬劳；奖赏 抽象 具体 n v 为“鼓励”他人付出而给予的回报或奖金 reward [rɪˈwɔːd] n. 回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 1. You deserve a reward for being so helpful. ___________ 2. Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made. ___________ 3. A £100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace. ___________ 4. She wanted to reward the cleaners for their efforts. ___________ 5. Finally, Molly’s patience was rewarded. ___________ 奖励 回报 悬赏金 奖赏 得到回报 rely [rɪˈlaɪ] vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on/upon =depend on= count on 依靠 ① rely on/upon 依赖/靠 ② rely on sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事③ rely on it that从句 指望/相信…… reliable adj. 可靠/可信赖的 reliability n.可靠性 reliance n. 依赖;依靠;信赖 rely [rɪˈlaɪ] vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. As babies, we rely on others for food. ___________ 2. You should rely on your own judgment. ___________ 二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. You can rely on me _________ (keep) your secret. 2. I rely on you _________ good advice. 依赖 相信 to keep for facilitate [fəˈsɪlɪteɪt] vt.促进;促使;使便利 promote/boost public facilities 公共设施 facilitate communication 方便联系 ; 促进沟通 facilitate economic development/friendship facilitate independent learning facilitation n.便利；促进；简化 facility n. 设施，设备；天赋，才能 equipment;devices facilitator n. 推动者 examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验 a physical examination 体检 take an examination 参加考试 pass the examination 考试及格 fail the examination 考试不及格 the College Entrance Examination 高考 examination / exam n. 检查;考试 examiner n. 主考人; 审查人 examinee n. 应试者 examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验 The doctor ___________ every inch of his body but found nothing wrong. (examine) Your suggestions are still under ____________. (examine) He had a third ___________ and was declared unfit for work. (examine) There will be a written ____________ before the practical test. (examine) examined examination examination examination negative [ˈneɡətɪv] adj.消极的；有害的；否定的 Be negative about 对...感到消极 Have a negative effect/impact/influence on对..有消极影响 Have a negative attitude to/towards 对...持有消极态度 positive 积极的，阳性 1.Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory. 2. They received a negative reply. 3.So far 39 have taken the test and all have been negative. 4. This crisis had a negative effect on trade. 消极的 否定的 阴性的 负面的 negative [ˈneɡətɪv] adj.消极的；有害的；否定的 回答“否定的” 想法等“否定的” 电、数字、医学检测结果等“否定的” 否定的 负面的；消极的 （电 / 数字）负的；（医）阴性的 否定的 基本义 negative escalator cn.自动扶梯；滚梯 lift/elevator cn.电梯/升降机 23 straight away 立即；马上 = right away = at once = immediately=right now= in no time come/get straight to the point 直奔主题 go straight on 直走 straight adj.直的；笔直的；正直的 adv.直接地 pessimistic [ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk] adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的 be pessimistic/optimistic/positive about 对...持悲观/积极态度 optimistic adj.乐观的 optimist cn.乐观者; 乐观主义者 optimism n.乐观主义 pessimism n. 悲观（主义） pessimist n. 悲观主义者 optimistic adj. 乐观的 常考的表示观点态度的词汇 表示支持或肯定： approving赞成的；favorable赞同的；supportive支持的; sympathetic赞成的/同情的； positive积极乐观的；optimistic乐观的； 表示反对或否定： critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproving不赞成的； opposed 反对的；doubtful怀疑的；suspicious怀疑的； skeptical怀疑的； questioning 怀疑的；pessimistic悲观的；depressed沮丧的； disappointed失望的; intolerant 不能容忍的 常考的表示观点态度的词汇 表示中立： uncaring冷漠的；indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；cautious谨慎的；neutral中立的；unconcerned不关心的；uncertain不确定的；ambiguous模棱两可的； discipline [ˈdɪsəplɪn] n.自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚 Self-discipline 自律性 discipline sb. for doing sth. 因做某事惩罚某人 discipline oneself to do sth. 严格要求自己去做某事 disciplined adj 遵守纪律的 discipline [ˈdɪsəplɪn] n.自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax. ___________ 2. It took him a lot of hard work and discipline to make the Olympic team. ___________ 3. She keeps good discipline in class. ___________ 4. We’re looking for people from a wide range of disciplines. ___________ 5. Dieting is a matter of disciplining yourself. ___________ 训练方法 训练 纪律 学科 自我控制 反义词 说出下列单词的反义词和汉语释义。 1. positive adj → ___________ _________________________________ 2. optimistic adj → ___________ _________________________________ 3. punish v → __________ _________________________________ 4. proud adj → _____________ _________________________________ 5. tight adj → __________ _________________________________ 6. objective adj → __________ _________________________________ 7. major adj → _________ _________________________________ 8. simple adj → _________ _________________________________ 9. increase v → _______________ _________________________________ 10. abstract adj → _________ _________________________________ negative pessimistic reward humble / modest loose subjective minor complex decrease / reduce 学习词汇时，除了借助近义词来建立新旧知识联系，也可以通过反义词来帮助学习和理解词汇。近义词与反义词是建立词汇网络最基本的两种途径。 否定的 / 负面的 / 消极的 / 阴性的 concrete 悲观的 / 悲观主义的 奖赏 谦虚的 宽松的 主观的 次要的 复杂的 减少 具体的 decide on 决定;选定 (1)decide on/upon doing 决定做某事 =decide to do sth. =make a decision to do sth. (2)decide against (doing sth.) 决定不做 =decide not to do sth. 常见的“动词＋on”构成的短语 come on　　快来；加油　 go on　　继续 put on　　穿上；上演　　carry on　　继续 call on　　拜访　　feed on　　以……为食 depend on　　依靠；信赖 agree on　　就……达成一致 decision n. 决定 make up one’s mind 下定决心 change one's mind 改变主意 ...come to mind被想起：浮现于脑海 keep/bear/have... in mind 记住... read one’s mind 读懂/看出某人的心思 fix one’s mind on/upon将注意力集中于… never mind 没关系  =be determined to do=determine to do make up one’s mind 下定决心 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Mind and body are closely related. ___________ 2. Do you have a clear picture in your mind of what you want? ___________ 3. He gave his mind to the arrangements for the next day. ___________ 4. She was one of the most brilliant minds of the last century. ___________ 思想 在你头脑中 认真考虑 富有才智的人 make up one’s mind 下定决心 二、写出下列词块的汉语释义。 1. bear / keep … in mind ______________________ 2. be of the same mind ______________________ 3. change one’s mind ______________________ 4. come into one’s mind ______________________ 5. make up one’s mind ______________________ 6. on sb’s mind ______________________ 将……记在心中；记起 意见相同；保持原来的意见 改变主意 掠过 / 进入某人的脑海 拿定主意 / 下定决心 在某人心上 compose [kəmˈpəʊz] vt. &vi.组成；作曲；撰写 be composed of 由...组成的 =be comprised of = be made up of =consist of compose a letter/a piece of music 写信；写歌 compose one's thoughts 镇定思绪 compose oneself 使自己镇定下来 composer n. 作曲家 composition n. 作品，作曲，作文 compose [kəmˈpəʊz] vt. &vi.组成；作曲；撰写 构成；组成 放在一起 （基本义） compose 事物 “放在一起” 撰写；作（曲） 作品 “放在一起” compose [kəmˈpəʊz] vt. &vi.组成；作曲；撰写 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.（2013 山东） ____________ 2. On the other hand, once a week or so I had to compose the essays of my friend. ____________ 3. The sea is mainly composed of water and salt. ____________ 4. Five academic schools compose the whole university. ____________ 创作 撰写 由……组成 组成 / 构成 surgeon外科医生 surgery外科手术 physician cn.内科医生 dentist cn.牙医 doctor cn.医生;博士 38 liberation [ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn] n.解放；摆脱 People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 人民解放军 liberate sb. from... 使自由,使sb 摆脱...约束/限制 liberate vt.解放；摆脱限制 liberty n. 自由 liberation from poverty People’s Liberation Army(PLA) shave [ʃeɪv] v./n.剃（须发）;刮脸 shave off one's beard 刮胡子 shaved his head bald 剃光头 have a narrow shave九死一生=have a narrow escape shave off 剃掉；修剪 shaven adj. 剃光的,刮干净的 clean-shaven adj. 胡子刮干净的 unshaven adj. 未刮脸的,未剃须的 disturb [dɪˈstɜːb] vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼 =bother=interrupt be disturbed by/about/by 因...心神不安 disturbing adj.感到不安的 disturbed adj.令人不安的,引起恐慌的 disturbance n.打扰 disturb [dɪˈstɜːb] vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else. ___________ 2. The warning letter shocked and disturbed me. ___________ 二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。 ___________________（不好意思打扰您了）, but can you spare me a few minutes? 打扰 使不安 / 使烦恼 Sorry to disturb you consultant [kənˈsʌltənt] n.顾问；高级顾问医师 (1)consult sb about/on sth 就某事向某人咨询 (2)consult with sb about sth 与某人就某事进行商量 (3)consult a dictionary 查字典 =refer to/turn to a dictionary=look up a word in a dictionary consult v. 查阅;商量;请教;商议 consultation n. 咨询; 磋商;诊 skip [skɪp] vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n.蹦跳 go skipping去跳绳 skip breakfast不吃早饭 skip school 逃学 skip over 略过；遗漏 skip---skipped---skipped---skipping skip [skɪp] vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n.蹦跳 跳（过） skip 基本义 “跳”绳子 “跳过”应做的事等 进行“跳”的动作 不做（应做的事等）；不参加 跳；跳过 跳（绳） “跳过”要读的部分等 略过；遗漏 辨析 scan, skim, skip scan, skim 和 skip 是阅读文章时所采取的三种策略。 scan 指通过快速阅读查找所需的某一特定信息，意为“查读”。 • He scanned the newspaper to find his name. skim 指通过快速阅读找到文章的中心思想，意为“略读”。 • Skim the passage to find the main idea. skip 指跳过即将阅读的某一部分内容，意为“跳读”。 • Skip the first passage and start on Page 15. skip [skɪp] vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n.蹦跳 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. She skipped happily along beside me. ___________ 2. She likes to skip rope as a warm-up. ___________ 3. I often skip breakfast altogether. ___________ 4. You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in the class. ___________ 蹦蹦跳跳地走 跳（绳） 不吃早饭 跳过 stimulate [ˈstɪmjuleɪt] vt.激发;促进;刺激 stimulate one’s interest in… 激发某人在……方面的兴趣 stimulate sb to do sth 刺激某人做某事 stimulate sb to sth　　激励某人某事 stimulation n. 激励；刺激 stimulating adj.使人兴奋的：激励的 accumulate v.积累 stimulate [ˈstɪmjuleɪt] vt.激发;促进;刺激 根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。 1. The film was intended to stimulate and amuse. ___________ 2. By stimulating the economy, we’re going to put people to work. ___________ 3. These proteins stimulate the production of blood cells. ___________ 4. To stimulate life and let life develop freely is the primary task of educators. ___________ 助兴 刺激 促进 激发 skateboard bowling [ˈskeɪtˌbɔːd] n.滑板 vi.滑滑板 [ˈbəʊlɪŋ] n.保龄球运动 50 stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁 under stress在压力之下 put stress on ... 让…承受压力  lay/place stress on 强调……  stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 stress n.压力　vt.强调 stressful adj.(事物)压力大的；紧张的 stressed adj.(人)焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的 worn out 筋疲力尽的；心力交瘁 wear sb. out 使某人筋疲力尽 wear out 用坏,穿破;磨损 This shirt wears well. 耐用,耐穿,耐磨 wear a beard 留胡须 worn adj. 用坏的；疲惫的 wear v.穿,戴;磨损;留,蓄;流露;耐用 monthly [ˈmʌnθli] adv.&adj.每月；每月一次的 n.月刊 n. + -ly → adj. weekly adv. & adj. 每周； 每周一次的 n. 周刊 daily adv. & adj. 每天; 每天的 n. 日报 yearly adv. & adj. 每年的； 每年 lovely 可爱的 timely 及时的 motherly 母亲般的 brotherly 兄弟般的 enhance [ɪnˈhɑːns] vt.提高;增强;増进 enhance one’s ability 提高个人能力 enhance the sense of hapiness 提升人们的幸福感 enhance the management on the web 加强对网络的管理 enhance the friendship and unity 增进友谊和团结 enhance the work efficiency 提高工作效率 enhancement n.提高；增强 refresh [rɪˈfreʃ] vt.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新 refresh oneself 头脑清醒；提神 refresh one's memory 唤醒记忆 refresh one's body and mind 身心愉悦 refresh rate 刷新率 refresh the page 刷新网页 feel refreshed 感觉神清气爽 refreshed adj.精力恢复的 refreshing adj.提神的；令人耳目一新的 refreshment n.恢复精力;心旷神怡 ;茶点 absorb [əbˈsːb] vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收 absorb...from... 从……中吸收…… absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进…… absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于 absorb/attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意 (be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于…… be absorbed by/into 被……吞并(吸引) absorbed adj.全神贯注的 集中精力于：concentrate on; fix on; focus on; center on; put one's heart into; be lost in; be deep in;be occupied in； devote ...to...;be buried in=bury oneself in absorb [əbˈsːb] vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收 “吸收”某物 “吸收”个体成为集体的一部分 “吸收”知识、信息等并掌握 “吸收”某人的注意力、兴趣等 “吸收”冲击力、压力 吸收 吸纳 理解；掌握 吸引；使专心 缓冲；缓解 吸收 （基本义） absorb [əbˈsːb] vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收 选出画线词的正确释义。 ___________ 1. When condors（秃鹰）eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead（铅）, they absorb large quantities of lead.（2016 北京） __________ 2. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images（影像）.（2015 广东） __________ 3. The movement and noise of the machines absorbed him completely. __________ 4. Jump with your knees bent, so they absorb less impact. b a d c a. 理解 b. 吸收 c. 缓冲 d. 吸引 1. alcohol n．酒；酒精→ alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n．酗酒者 2. phycical adj.身体的；物理的→ phycically adv. 身体地→ physics n. 物理学→ physicist n. 物理学家→ physician n. 内科医生 3. dominate vt.支配；控制→ domination n.支配；控制→ dominant adj.支配的 4. repeatedly adv.重复地→ repeated adj.重复的→repeat v.重复 → repetition n.重复 5. psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响→ psychological adj.心理(学)的→ psychologically adv.心理(学)地 → psychologist n．心理学家 6. reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励 给以报酬→ rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的 7.rely vi.依靠；依赖→ reliable adj. 可靠的→ unreliable adj. 不可靠的→ reliably adv. 可靠地 → reliability n．可靠性 8.examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→ examination n．考试(exam)；检查；审查→examinee n. 应试者→ examiner n. 主考官 9.negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→ negatively adv.消极的；有害的；否定的 10.pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→ pessimistically adv.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观→pessimist n．悲观主义者 补充optimistic adj.乐观的→ optimistically adv. 乐观地 → optimism n. 乐观主义→ optimist n. 乐观主义者 11．compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→ composer n．作曲家 → composition n．组成；作曲；作文 12．surgeon n．外科医生→ surgery n．外科手术；外科学 13．liberation n．解放；摆脱→ liberate v．解放；摆脱→ liberty n. 自由 Statue of Liberty 自由女神像 14. disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→ disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 15．specialist n．专科医生；专家→ special adj.特别的；专门的→ specially adv.特别地；专门→ specialize vt.专门研究；专门从事→ specialty n．招牌，特色菜 16．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→ consult vt.& vi.请教；咨询 vt.查阅；参考 17. dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的 → dizziness n．头晕 18. sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→sugar n. 糖 19. dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的→dynamically adv.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的 20. comedy n.喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目→comedian n.喜剧演员 21.refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshed adj.精力充沛的；神清气爽的→refreshment n．焕发精神；恢复活力 22.absorb vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收→absorded adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的 23. stimulate vt. 刺激；激励；激发；使兴奋；促进→stimulation n. 刺激；激励；激发→stimulating adj. 趣味盈然的；激励人的；让人兴奋的 24. abuse n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂→abused adj. (尤指药物)滥用的；受虐的 25. facilitate vt.促进;促使;使便利→facilitation n.便利；促进；简化→facility n. 设施，设备；天赋，才能 26.monthly adj.&adv. 每月；每月一次的 n. 月刊n. + -ly → adj. weekly adv. & adj. 每周； 每周一次的 n. 周刊 daily adv. & adj. 每天; 每天的 n. 日报 yearly adv. & adj. 每年的； 每年 Words and Expressions 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 2 Thank You ! $$