期末复习专题02—八年级上册Unit7&Unit8重点知识点、语法归纳及专项训练 -2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

期末复习专题02—八年级上册Unit7&Unit8重点知识点、语法归纳及专项训练 Unit7重点知识点 1、It’s too cold, Bring me my clothes, Hobo. 天太冷了，把我的衣服拿来，霍波。 1) too在此句中用作副词，修饰形容词cold,意为“太，很；非常”。 e.g. I am too happy. 我非常高兴。 He speaks too fast. 他讲话太快。 【拓展】： too 与to引导的动词不定式短语连用，构成“too…to…”结构，表示“太…以至于不能…” I went too late to see him. 我去得太迟以至于没有见到他。 2) bring 意思是“带来”；brought（过去式）。注意与take的区别。take的意思是“带去”。 短语：bring sb sth = bring sth to sb 给某人带某物 bring sth from sp 从某地带来某物 bring sth for sb 为某人带来某物 e.g. I brought a gift to you from Suzhou. 我从苏州给你带来了一份礼物。 3) clothes, cloth 与clothing辨析 词条 用法 例句 clothes 意思是“衣服”，一般用a suit of clothes表示，clothes本身通常不与数词连用，但可以和many, these, my这类词连用。 Please put on your clothes. It’s too cold. 填太冷了，请穿上你的衣服。 She has many clothes. 她有很多衣服。 Fine clothes makes the man.佛要金装，人要衣装。 cloth 是不可数名词，意思是“布料”，“一块布”应译为a piece of cloth I’d like cotton cloth, please.请给我看看棉布。 Two yards of cloth will be enough for a skirt. 两码布足可以缝制一条裙子的。 clothing 是集合名词，是所有服装的总称，没有复数形式，后面要接单数动词。 All the clothing in the shop is very cheap. 这家商店所有的衣服都很便宜。 2、Is this one OK？ 这一件可以吗？ one在这里是作代词用，用于指代出现过的东西。但是通常是指“同一类”东西。 辨析：one、it和that it代替前面的事物本身。它可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式为they/them。 one可以代替与前面同类不同一的事物；可以代替某类事物中的任何一个。 that代替与前面同类不同一的事物。that表特指，相当于the+名词。它可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式为those。 e.g. I lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella） I lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指，因为my umbrella已经丢了） The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以区别“the umbrella you bought”） 3、I bet you’ll look cool and feel cool with nothing on! 我敢说你不穿衣服看上去会很酷而且感觉凉爽！ 1) 1) bet在此处作动词，意为“打赌，敢说，八成儿”，其后可跟that从句。 e.g. I bet that he will win the match. 我敢说，他能赢得这场比赛。 I’ll bet you (that) he knows about it. 我敢和你说，他了解一切。 2) 2) 句中第一个cool为形容词，意为“酷的，棒的”；句中第二个cool也为形容词，意为“凉爽的；凉快的” e.g. Mr Green looks cool in a red T-shirt. 格林先生穿着一件红色T恤看起来很酷。 Today Mr Green wears a cool jacket. 今天格林先生穿着一件很酷的夹克衫。 It’s hot in summer and it’s cool in autumn. 夏天热，秋天凉 3) 3) with nothing on 意为“什么也没穿”。这里的with+名词/代词+形容词/介词….是with复合结构，可以表示伴随的状态。 e.g. We all know that fish sleep with their eyes open. 我们都知道，鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。 The boy was so tired that he went to sleep with the lights on. 那孩子太累了，没关灯就睡觉了。 4、关于天气的名词和形容词的转换 名词 形容词 cloud cloudy fog foggy rain rainy snow snowy sun sunny wind windy 5、In summer, I can go swimming and enjoy ice cream every day! 在夏天，我能每天去游泳和享受冰激凌！ 短语go swimming “去游泳”。go 与表示活动、消遣等方面的v.-ing 形式连用，表示在某些特定的情况下暂时从事的运动、消遣或活动，这时的go有“去从事”的意思。 【拓展】：类似的短语还有： go climbing 去爬山 go walking 去散步 go jogging 去慢跑 go running 去跑步 go boating 去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼 go camping 去野营 go shopping 去购物 go skating 去溜冰 6、Winter days are full of snow. 冬天的日子满是雪花。 be full of 意为“装满”，与be filled with同义。full形容词，意为“满的”，其反义词是empty(空的) e.g. This bag is full of rice. = This bag is filled with rice. 这个袋子里装满了大米。 7、When the trees and flowers forget to grow. 树木和花儿忘记了生长。 forget 动词，“忘记”；（过去式）forgot；（反义词）remember forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（尚未做） forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（已经做过） e.g. Sorry, Mr Chen, I forgot doing my homework. 对不起，陈老师。我忘记做我的家庭作业了。 Jack, don’t forget to turn off the TV. 杰克，不要忘记关掉电视。 8、And the birds fly far away. 鸟儿飞向远方。 1) fly用作不及物动词，意为“飞；飞行”。fly的第三人称单数时flies,过去式是flew. e.g. Birds can fly with their wings. 鸟儿能用翅膀飞行。 I see a bird fly in the sky. 我看见一只鸟在空中飞。 2) 短语far away用来表示距离，在句中作状语或表语，意为“远；遥远”，有时away可省略。 e.g. The town my friend lives in is far (away). 我朋友住的城镇很远。 【拓展】： [1] far away from 的意思是“离…很远”，常表示距离，作表语或状语，away可省略。 e.g. The school is far (away) from my house. 学校离我家很远。 The sun is far (away) from the earth. 太阳离地球很远。 [2] away from 用于表示确切的距离（此时不用far）, away 可省略，但如果句子不带from短语，则不能省。 e.g. He lives two miles (away) from here. 他住的地方离这儿有两英里远。 9、To find a warm and sunny day. 为了找到温暖而晴朗的天气。 find及物动词，意为“找到” 【辨析】：find, look for与find out 三者都有“找”之意，其区别是： find 找到 强调寻找的结果 look for 寻找 强调寻找的过程 find out 查明 多指通过调查、询问、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”之意，多指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。 e.g. I looked for it everywhere, but I could not find it. 我到处都找过了，就是找不到它。 Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。 10、What a perfect time to fly a kite! 正是放风筝的好时节！ perfect 形容词，“完美的，极好的” e.g. He spoke perfect English. 他讲一口地道的英语。 This place is perfect. 这个地方好极了。 【拓展】：perfect for…“正合适” e.g. The weather is perfect for a garden party. 这是句型游园会的最理想天气。 【拓展】 感叹句学习 1) What / + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 /+ 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！ What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！ 2) How /+ 形容词 / 副词 / + 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. How kind you are! 你心肠真好! 11、Then hide from the April showers. 然后（它们）避开四月的阵雨。 hide 用作动词，意为“躲，藏”；（过去式）hid；（过去分词）hidden hide from 躲避 e.g. The boy hid under the bed and his mother couldn’t find him. 那个男孩藏在了床底下，他妈妈找不到他。 12、Those sweet memories of summer days 那些夏天的美好记忆。 memory 名词，“记忆，记忆力；回忆” e.g The little boy has a good memory. 这个小男孩记忆力很好。 in memory of 作为对…的纪念； 为了纪念…； e.g. Did he pick Mark Twain as his pen-name in memory of his father? 他取马克·吐温作为笔名是为了纪念他的父亲吗？ 13、Then autumn leaves turn brown, 然后秋天的树叶变成了褐色。 1) leaves意为“树叶”，是leaf的复数形式 e.g. The leaves on the tree turn yellow. 树上的叶子变黄了。 【助记】：巧记以f,fe结尾的名词变复数 树叶（leaf）半（half）数自己黄， 妻子（wife）拿刀(knife)去割粮， 架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf)， 就像强盗(thief)逃命(life)忙。 1) 2) turn 连系动词，意为“变得”。可用来表示颜色变化，后接表示颜色的形容词。 e.g. Her face turned red at his words. 听了他的话，她的脸变红了。 【拓展】： [1] turn用作连系动词，有时也表示温度的突然变化。 e.g. It’s cold in the morning, but turns very warm at noon. 早上很冷，但是中午突然变得很暖和。 · [2] turn 还可用作动词，意为“转向，转弯，（使）变为” e.g. Turn left, and you can see a hospital in front of you. 向左拐，你就能看到你前面有一家医院。 · [3] turn 的相关短语有： turn on打开 turn off 关闭 turn up (把音量等)调高 turn down (把音量等)调低 turn into 变成 · [4] turn用作名词，意为“次序，轮流” e.g. It is your turn to clean the room. 轮到你打扫房间了。 14、Fall into piles upon the ground. 成堆落在地上。 1) fall不及物动词，意为“落，降落，下落”；（过去式）fell；(过去分词) fallen e.g. Leaves fall from the tree. 叶子从树上落下。 The rain is falling. 雨正在下。 【拓展】：fall作不及物动词讲时，还有其他的含义。 [1] 意为“降临；来临” Night falls.夜晚来临。 e.g. His birthday falls on Sunday this year. 今年他的生日正逢星期天。 [2] 意为“跌倒”。常构成短语fall down “摔倒；倒塌”；fall over “摔倒”； fall off “从…跌落”，fall off 相当于fall down from. e.g. It is easy for you to fall over on the ice. 对你来说，很容易从冰上摔倒。 The old man fell off/down from the bed. 这位老人从床上摔了下来。 2) upon为介词，意为“在…上面；接近”。 e.g. The summer season was almost upon them again. 转眼间他们又要过夏天了。 He set the dish upon the table. 他把盘子放在桌子上。 【拓展】：upon与on一般可通用，但有以下区别： [1] 表示日期时一般只用on,不用upon [2] 在某些习语中，upon和on不能互相替换。如：once upon a time. 从前。 15、As the days are shorter and the temperature drops. 随着白天变短了，温度也下降了。 1) temperature 名词，意为“温度” 辨析：temperature, degree与Centigrade temperature 既可指天气的温度，也可指人体的温度 degree 指具体的度数，常与数词相连 centigrade 表示“摄氏温度”，常位于degree之后说明摄氏温度 e.g. This morning his temperature was 39 degrees centigrade. 今天早上他烧到了39摄氏度。 1) 2) drop用作不及物动词，意为“下降；落下；掉下” e.g. Temperatures can drop suddenly at night, so bring some warm clothes. 夜里气温会突然降低，所以要拿些暖和的衣服。 The leaves on the tree begin to drop. 树上的椰子开始往下落。 【拓展】： · [1] drop用作及物动词，意为“使落下；投下” e.g. Mrs Black dropped her bag. 布莱克夫人把她的包掉在了地上。 Kate dropped the teapot. 凯特把茶壶弄掉了。 · [2] drop用作名词，常用单数形式，意为“下降，降落” e.g. There was a sudden drop in the temperature yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午突然降温了。 16、How do people feel on a hot summer afternoon? 在炎热的夏季的下午，人们感觉如何呢？ on用作时间介词，常用来表示具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上，上午、下午或晚上前可用天气特征的词和季节的词修饰，表示“在一个…的上午/下午/晚上”。 on还可用在星期几或具体的日期前。 e.g. The man left his hometown on a cold winter morning. 那个人在一个寒冷冬天的早上离开了家乡。 17、The leaves turn green and the temperature rises quickly. 树叶变绿而且温度迅速上升。 rise不及物动词，意为“上升；升高”。基本含义指从低处位置向上移动，可指潮水的上涨、温度的上升、价格的上涨等。 e.g. The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. 太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。 The river is rising after the rain. 河水在雨后涨了起来。 【辨析】rise与raise 两者都有“上升”“提高”之意，其区别： rise 不及物动词 过去式是rose 意为“上升，升高”，主语通常是物 raise 及物动词 过去式是raised 意为“提高，举起，筹集”等，主语通常是人 e.g. When summer comes, the temperature will rise day after day. 夏天来临的时候，气温会一天天地升高。 Don’t raise your voice to me. 不要对我大声嚷嚷。 If you have any question in class, you may raise your hand 课堂上如果你有问题，你可以举手。 18、In winter, white snow covers the whole earth. 在冬季，白雪覆盖了整个大地。 cover用作及物动词，意为“覆盖；遮盖” e.g. I see white snow cover the ground. 我看见白雪覆盖了大地。 He tries to cover his mistakes. 他设法掩盖自己的错误。 【拓展】： 1) [1] cover常构成短语cover…with…,意为“用…把…覆盖”，它的被动结构是be covered with, 意为“被….覆盖”。 e.g. She covered herself with a blanket. 她给自己盖上了一条毯子。 Cover the table with a cloth. 用块布盖上桌子。 The hill is covered with snow. 山被雪覆盖着。 2) [2] cover 还可用作名词，意为“盖子，封面” e.g. Where’s the cover of the bottle? 瓶子盖在哪里？ The cover girl is a film start. 这个封面女郎是个电影明星。 19、Farmers are busy harvesting crops. 农民忙着收获庄稼。 be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，如果没有动词，则要用be busy with sth,， 两者意思相同。 e.g. His father is busy cleaning his car. 他父亲忙着擦车。 His mother is busy with the housework. 他的母亲忙着做家务。 20、They are quite different. 他们非常不同。 【解析】different 形容词，意为“不同的”，常与from搭配，构成短语be different from. 意为“与…不同” 例：In some ways Tom and his father are different. 在某些方面汤姆和他父亲不一样。 City life is different from country life. 城市生活与农村生活不一样。 【拓展】： 1) 1) be different in 意为“在…方面不同” The two jackets are different in colours. 这两件夹克衫在颜色上不一样。 2) 2) be the same as 意为“与…相同” My coat is the same as hers. 我的外套和她的一样。 3) 3) be similar to 意为“与…相似” The building is similar to that one. 这幢楼和那幢楼相似。 21、Ice cream tastes nice. 冰激凌尝起来很好吃。 【解析】taste连系动词，意为“尝起来”，后常接形容词作表语。 例：This cake tastes very delicious. 这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。 【拓展】：五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。 （1）look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。 （2）smell“闻起来”，后接adj.分词。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。 （3）sound“听起来”，后接adj.\分词。 The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。 （4）taste“尝起来”，后接adj.\分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。 （5）feel ①“摸起来，给……感觉”；②“觉得”，后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a night’s sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。 22、I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 我看见一些孩子正在公园里踢球。 【解析】see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”；see为感官动词，后接V-ing作宾语时，表示“动作正在进行” On my way to school I saw some boys playing in the park. 在我上学的路上，我看见几个男孩在公园里玩。 【拓展】：see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事”。后接不带to的不定式作宾补时，则表示“一个完整的动作过程或该动作经常发生” I often see some old people play chess under that tree. 我经常看见几个老人在那棵树下下国际象棋。 【注意】：除了see外，其它感官动词也有类似的用法，它们是“一感”（feel）,二听（listen, hear）, 三看（look, watch, notice） 23、a lot 与a lot of 词条 用法 例句 a lot 作副词词组，修饰动词，意思是“十分，非常”，相当于very much I like Chinese action movies a lot. 我非常喜欢中国的动作片。 a lot of 与lots of 的意思和用法完全相同，后接可数或不可数名词 There are a lot of/lots of famous movie stars in the USA. 美国有许多著名的电影明星。 24、caught a bad cold. I had a high fever and coughed a lot…我患了重感冒，发高烧而且咳嗽的很厉害…. 【解析1】catch a cold 意为“感冒”。cold名词，意为“伤风；感冒”，常与动词catch, have 或get连用，中间加冠词a,意为“患感冒” 例：He catches a cold every year at this time. 每年这个时候他都感冒。 【解析2】 have a fever 意为“发烧”。动词have和许多名词搭配构成短语，have借助不同 的语境产生不同的含义。 【拓展】：have与名词搭配构成的常见短语： have a look看一看 have a try 试一试 have a talk 谈一谈 have a rest休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a word with sb. 和某人说话 have a break 休息 have a walk散步 have a cough 咳嗽 25、The wind will be stronger and the temperature will drop below zero, to -10 ℃。风将会更大，温度将会降到零摄氏度一下，达到-10℃。 【解析1】 1) temperature 名词，“温度，体温”，通常只用单数。 2) take one’s temperature “给某人量体温” 【拓展】：对体温、温度进行提问用What. What’s the temperature today? 今天的温度是多少？ 26、Sunshine and blue skies will stay with us for the rest of the week. 在这个星期剩下的几天里，阳光和蓝天将陪伴我们。 【解析1】 stay动词，“停留；逗留”。短语stay with sb “与某人待在一起” You can stay here. 你可以待在这儿。 I’d like to stay with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友待在一起。 【拓展】：含有stay的短语有： stay away from sb. 离开，不接近（某人） stay at home 待在家里 stay up 熬夜 【解析2】rest 名词，“剩余部分”。短语the rest of …“其余的….;剩下的…” We can guess the rest of the story. 我们能够猜到故事的剩余部分。 How would you like to spend the rest of the day? 后半天你打算怎么过？ 【拓展】：当rest“休息”讲时，常用的短语为have/take a rest“休息”。 Let’s stop to have/take a rest. 让我们停下来休息一下吧。 27、Take care. 当心 【解析】短语take care 多用于对可能出现的不测做出预先的提醒或警告。其后可接动词不定式短语或that从句，从句谓语动词用一般现在时。 Take care not to break the glass. 小心别打了杯子。 Take care (that) all the doors are locked. 不要大意，要把所有的们锁好。 【拓展】：take care of = look after “照顾；照料” The boy is very young. He can’t take care of himself. 这男孩很小，不能照顾自己。 28、Today I learnt more about weather. 今天我了解到更多的天气信息。 【解析】learn about 意为“获得；学得” 【拓展】： 1) learn构成的短语： learn from 向…学习 learn of 听说 learn by oneself 自学 2) learn to do sth. 学会做某事。 Jim is learning to skate.吉姆正在学习溜冰。 29、wind风 【解析】wind名词，“风”；形容词windy“有风的，多风的” There is a strong wind today. 今天又大风。 It is windy today. 今天刮风。 【拓展】：从wind和windy这组词中可以看出：在表示天气的名词后面加-y，可构成其形容词形式。 rain(雨)-rainy(下雨的) cloud（云）-cloudy（多云的） snow(雪)-snowy（下雪的） storm（暴风雨）-stormy（有暴风雨的） frost（霜）-frosty（霜冻的） 30、How’s the weather in Nanjing? 南京的天气如何？ 【解析】句型How is the weather…? = What’s the weather like…? “…的天气如何？”，常用来询问天气。weather为不可数名词，意为“天气”. What’s the weather like in summer there? 那儿的夏天的天气怎么样？ How’s the weather today? 今天天气怎样? 31、below, beneath与under辨析 这三个介词都可以表示位置“在…下面”，但有区别。 词条 用法 例句 below 表示“在…之下”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。 He is below the average at school. 他的学习成绩在一般水平以下。 beneath 表示“在….(正)下方”。这个介词常可与below 互相替换，但below较常用，beneath多用于正式文体中 The boat sank beneath the waves. 小船被大浪吞没了。 under 表示“在…之下”，与介词over“在…上方”相对应 Our boat went under the bridge. 我们的船通过桥下。 A cat is sitting under the table. 一只猫正蹲在桌子下面。 32、few, a few, little, a little辨析 词义 用法特点 few 很少的；几乎没有的 表示否定意义，用来修饰名词复数 a few 少数的；有几个 表示肯定意义，用来修饰名词复数 little 很少的；几乎没有的 表示否定意义，用来修饰不可数名词 a little 少量；一点儿 表示肯定意义，用来修饰不可数名词、形容词及比较级 33、It’s a bit cold and dry….有点冷，也有点儿干燥… 【解析】a bit 意为“有点儿”，修饰形容词或副词，与a little同义。不同的是，a little 可修饰不可数名词，而a bit 不能，需要再a bit 后加of才能修饰不可数名词。即：a little+不可数名词=/a bit of+不可数名词 His bedroom is a bit/a little dirty. 他的卧室有点儿脏。 There’s a little/a bit of water in the glass. 被子里有点儿水。 34、Heavy fog is not healthy for people. 大雾对人们的健康不利。 【解析】healthy形容词，意为“健康的”。be healthy for 意为“利于…的健康；对….是健康的” Milk is healthy for us. 牛奶有利于我们的健康。 Exercise is healthy for our mind and body. 锻炼有利于我们的身心健康。 【拓展】keep healthy/fit 保持健康 Unit7语法归纳 动词及五种基本句型 句子的基本组成部分为：主语（S）、动词（V）和宾语（O）。动词可分为行为动词（也称实义动词）和系动词，在句中可用作谓语。根据这两类动词用作谓语时的不同特点，可以把英语句子概括为五种基本句型。 说明：S -主语;V-谓语；P-表语；O-宾语；IO-间接宾语；DO-直接宾语；OC-宾语补足语 五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1． S+V 句式（主+谓） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词。 He runs quickly. 他跑地快。 They listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。 2． S+V+P 句式 (主+系+表) 在此句式中，V是系动词，常见的系动词有：be动词、感官动词（ look,, sound, feel, taste, smell）和表示“变，，变成”的动词（ grow, get, become, turn）。 This story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。 This desk feels hard. 这张书桌摸起来很硬。 This cake tastes nice. 这块蛋糕尝起来很香。 3． S+V+O句式（主+谓+宾） 在此句式中，V是及物动词，因此有宾语。 I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read this story? 你读过这个故事吗？ They found their home easily. 他们很容易地找到了他们的家。 4． S+V+IO+DO句式 （主+谓+间宾+直宾） 在此句式中，V是可带双宾语的及物动词。指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 注意：能与to搭配的动词有： give/show/send/pass/teach/bring sb. sth. = give/show/send/pass/teach/bring sth. to sb. 能与for搭配的动词有： buy/make/cook/leave sb. sth. = buy/make/cook/leave sth. for sb. 5． S+V+DO+OC句式 (主+谓+直宾+宾补) 在此句式中，V是可带有宾语补足语的及物动词。常作宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 常见的可接宾语补足语的动词有：make, keep, find, call等 They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。 They found her happy on that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。 Unit7专项训练 一．单项选择。 ( ) 1.Which of the underlined part pronounces differently from the others? A.bet B. memory C.fever D. rest ( ) 2. ---It is warm in ______ spring. ---Yes. What a perfect time to go on a trip! A.The B. / C.an D. a ( ) 3. Our teachers always make their classes interesting. The main structure of the sentence is ______. A. S+V B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P ( ) 4. I have finished what I can do about the work. The rest_________ too hard for me to do. A. are B. do C. does D. is ( ) 5. On the way back home, the two boys walked happily,________________ . A. singing and danced B. sang and danced C. singing and dancing D. sang and dancing ( ) 6. It’s hot today. The temperature must be _________. A. in thirty B. in the thirty C. in the thirties D. in thirties ( ) 7. The journey was boring. We all felt ______ tired. A. a bit B. little C. a few D. a bit of ( ) 8. If you need my help, please ___________ any time. A. ringing me B. to ring me C. ring I D. ring me ( ) 9. —_____________? —It’s rainy today. A. How is the weather like? B. What does the weather feel? C. How does the weather feel? D. What’s the weather like? ( )10. —Hello，who’s that speaking? —_______________. A. That is Jane. B. She is Maria. C. I’m Mike. D. This is Simon speaking. 二、首字母填空。 In China, there are four s 1 in a year, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Summer is hot and winter is cold. Spring and autumn are c 2 . Spring lasts from M 3 to May. In April it’s windy and sometimes there will be a s 4 . Bees and butterflies have to hide from it. Summers goes from June to August. From September to November is autumn. At last is winter, from December to February. A 5 the four seasons in a year, I like winter most. 46.___________47._____________48._____________49.____________50._____________ 三、选词填空。 harvest crops; catch a bad cold; noise; with nothing on; blow hard play among; fly a kite; upon the ground; freeze; hide from 1. Look! Miss Wang ____________________the children.They are very happy. 2. Dogs don’t feel cold ______________________. 3. After the Winter Solstice(冬至), rivers and lakes are ___________________ in the north. 4. Let's get into the house_________________________ the heavy rain. 5. Look! farmers are busy ________________________. 6. The wind _______________________yesterday evening.We nearly fell over. 7. Linda_______________________yesterday, so she didn't come to school. 8. As autumn comes, leaves fall into piles_____________________. 9. Spring is a perfect time _____________________. 10. ---It's too ______________here, so I can’t hear you clearly. Unit8重点知识点 1、Didn’t you hear the rain? 这是一个否定疑问句，用于表示惊异、反问、失望、责难、建议、看法等语气，意为“难道不....吗？” 否定疑问句结构：助动词，情态动词或be动词的否定式（多用缩略形式）+主语+其他 E.g.----Aren’t you a student？ ---Yes, I am.不，我是的。/No, I am not.是，我不是。 Can’t you read the book in a low voice? Didn’t you go to school yesterday? 否定疑问句的回答：Yes翻译为“不”；No译为“是”；yes还是no应根据答语的内容是肯定还是否定而定。 2、When I woke up, there was water everywhere. 1) wake v. (woke-woken) up的用法 词条 意义和用法 例句 wake up 不及物动词短语 I usually wake up early in the morning. wake up sb 及物动词短语,名词作宾语时可放在该词组后面或中间；但代词作宾语时，只能放在该词组的中间。 My mother wakes me up every morning. She often wakes her brother up/wakes up her brother every morning. awake adj . 醒着的 2) There is/are going to be... There will be... E.g There is going to be a football match next month. =There will be a football match next month. 3、if 词条 意义和用法 例句 if “如果”，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 If it rains tomorrow, I will not go out. “是否”, 主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时 I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. 4、Earthquake kills thousands of people. thousand的用法： 1）数字+thousand +名词复数：表示具体数量的人或物 e.g. Three thousand students will take part in the activity. 2）thousands of +名词复数：表示人或物的约数概念 e.g. There are thousands of students in the activity. 与thousand用法相同的词： 百：hundred; 百万：million; 十亿;billion 5、Coach crashes into tree. 1）Coach n.（可数名词，复数-es） 长途汽车; 教练 E.g. Her coach encouraged her throughout the marathon race to keep on running.  她的教练在马拉松赛全程鼓励她继续不断奔跑。 2） crash v. (crashes; crashed) 碰撞，猛撞 crash into 撞到......上；闯入 air crash 飞机失事 6、Did you hear about the fire at a school in the UK last week? hear(heard) 词条 意义和用法 例句 hear of 听别人说起或提及 I heard of him before. hear about 听到...的详情 I heard about the accident. hear from 收到...的来信 I heard from him yesterday. hear...from... 收到....来自于.... I hear the news from him. 7、What happened? happen v. 发生（偶然/突然发生的） happen to sb./sth. 某人/某物怎么了？ take place 发生（有计划/安排）；举行 注意：happen/take place 两者都没有被动语态 8、There was a heavy storm with thunder and lightning. With/without的用法 词条 意义和用法 例句 with/without 有，带有，表示伴随状态 She is a beautiful girl with long hair. 和...一起 I want to play football with him. 关于；对于 I am pleased with the result. 用，使用（某种工具/身体部位） I write with a pen. 9、Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 1) hit v. 打击，危害；袭击(hits, hit, hitting) 2) catch(catches, caught) 词条 意义和用法 例句 catch fire 着火，强调动作 paper can easily catch fire. be on fire 着火，强调状态 The house is on fire. 10、At first, I felt a slight shake. 词条 词性和用法 例句 shake n.摇动，震动 At night, the shake of the trees in the wind made me feel frightened. V.摇动，震动（shook-shaken） shake hands with... shake one’s head The earth started to shake. shaking n.震动 The noise and the shaking ended. 11、People screamed in fear. 1）in fear“恐惧地”，在句中做状语 类似词组还有：in surprise惊奇地；in danger处于危险中；in a hurry匆忙地；in need有需求 2）in fear of 恐惧...= fear for e.g. My little sister is in fear of darkness. = My little sister fears for darkness. 12、Some ran out of the building. 词条 含义和用法 例句 run out of... 从...中跑出 He ran out of the building just now. sb. run out of... 某人用尽了某物（时间，精力，金钱等） I ran out of my money. sth. run out 某物用完了 My money ran out. 13、Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 1) in all directions及相关短语 词条 意义和用法 例句 in all directions 四面八方 A group of horses are running in all directions. in the same direction 朝同一个方向 We are running in the same direction. in the direction of.. 朝着...的方向 I am walking in the direction of my home. 2) fall down 词条 含义和用法 例句 fall down 滑到，倒下；如后接宾语要加介词from He fell down from the tree. fall off 跌落，从..上掉下来，后可直接加宾语 He fell off the horse. fall over 向前摔倒，跌倒 I saw an old man fall over. come down 崩塌，倒塌 We saw the building come down. 14、I could not see anything at all, an I did not know if anyone else was near me. 1) not....at all 词条 含义和用法 例句 not...at all 一点也不 I can’t see anything at all. not at all 不客气，不用谢 ---Thank you. ----Not at all. not...any more= no more 不再，再也不 I won’t watch TV any more. 2）else和other 词条 含义和用法 例句 else 其他的，adv,放在疑问词，不定代词和不定副词之后 What else do you want？ other 其他的，adj,放在名词之前 What other food do you want? 15、“I’m trapped”I said to myself. 1）trapped adj. 困住的 trap v. 围困，使......陷入困境;诱使（trapping; trapped） be trapped in 陷入 E.g. The reporter trapped the official into giving away a secret. 记者用计诱使那个官员泄露了一个秘密。 2）say to oneself 自言自语 16、A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 1) go through 闪现；经历 2) mind 词条 含义和用法 例句 mind n.头脑，想法，记性 An idea came into my mind just now. v.介意，在意 mind+v-ing Do you mind turning down the TV? 3) since, because, as和for的区别 词条 用法 例句 because 表示直接的原因，语气最强，在回答why时必须用because I missed the train because I got up late. since/as 原因已为人们所知；since比as稍微正式；as和since一般出现在句首 Since everyone is here, let’s have a class. for 所说的理由是一种补充说明，for 一般不放在句子开头 I decided to have lunch,for I was feeling hungry. 4) alive 词条 含义和用法 例句 alive adj.活着的；可以做表语，作定语时不可放在名词前 The fish is still alive. live adj.活的，一般不形容人 Did you see a live tiger？ v. 居住 I lived in Nanjing last year. lively adj.生动的，活泼的 The match is very lively. 17、Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 1) enough 词条 用法 例句 enough enough +n I don’t have enough money to buy the book. adj/adv. +enough He is old enough to go to school. 句型：enough....for sb to do sth E.g. There’s no enough time for me to finish the paper. This question is easy enough for me to answer. 2) space n.（不可数名词）空间；太空 =room n.(不可数名词) 空间； n.(可数名词)房间 E.g. There is no space in the bus. 18、At last, I saw the bright daylight. I was safe. 1) at last 词条 含义 例句 at last(反义;at first) 最后 At last/Finally/In the end,he passed the exam. finally in the end(反义：in the beginning) 思考：In the end和at the end of; in the beginning 和at the beginning of有什么区别？ 2) safe adj. 安全的 反义词：dangerous safely adv. 安全地 反义词：dangerously safety n. 安全 反义词：danger be in safe 处于安全状态 反义： be in danger 处于危险 be out of danger 摆脱危险 19、Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 词条 含义和用法 例句 asleep “睡着的”，强调状态，可做表语和宾语补足语（不可被very修饰） She was asleep.Please don’t wake her up. sleepy “困倦的”，可做表语，宾语补足语，定语 I was very sleepy. sleeping “睡着的，睡觉用的”，可做表语和定语 I have a sleeping bag. He is sleeping. 20、Try to get out as soon as possible. 1） try to do sth,“努力做某事” try doing sth. 尝试做某事 2） get out 词条 含义和用法 例句 get out (of...) （从...里）出来 I couldn’t get out of the room. get out of.. 逃避，摆脱，放弃，避免 You should get out of the bad habit. 3） as adj/adv as possible=as adj/adv as you can e.g.As for junk food,you should eat it as little as possible. You should run as quickly as possible. 21、Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from... protect...from... 词条 含义 例句 protect..from... 保护...免受.., He protected his eyes from the sun with his hand. stop..(from) doing sth 阻止...做某事 We should prevent/stop/keep others from littering. prevent..(from)doing sth keep..from doing sth 22、.Do not swim through the flood water. 词条 用法 例句 through 强调从内部穿过 I walk through the door. across 强调从表面穿过 I walk across the road.=_____________________ 注意：across为介词，不可直接作谓语；cross为动词，可直接作谓语。walk across =cross 23、I nearly fell over. 词条 nearly almost 相同点 几乎，差不多 不同点 表示的“几乎”更深一些 不能修饰否定词，但可和not 连用，not nearly译为“远不如” 可修饰否定代词或副词no,nobody,no one,nothing,never,more than等 例句 He was nearly killed in the accident. There was almost nothing in the box. 24、People were trying to clear the snow from the streets. clear v. 清扫；清除 adj. 晴朗的 clearly adv. 清楚地 clean up 打扫干净 E.g. The guests left,and the table was cleared. 客人走了，桌子收拾干净了。 Unit8语法归纳 过去进行时 一、基本概念与结构 (一）过去进行时，是表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。 （二）结构：was/were +doing (现在分词） 结 构 肯定句 主语+be（was, were)+现在分词+其他。 如：My son was learning English in US last year. 否定句 主语+be (was, were) not+现在分词+其他。 如：It was not raining then. 疑 问 句 一般疑问句：be (was, were)+主语+现在分词+其他？ 特殊疑问句： 1.疑问词+be(was , were)+现在分词+其他？（疑问词做主语） 2.疑问词+be(was , were)+主语+现在分词+其他？ 二、过去进行时的用法 1.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when，while e.g. What was he researching all day last Sunday? My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. 2.表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。 e.g. What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? （介词短语表示时间点） When I saw him he was decorating his room. （when从句表示时间点） 3.过去进行时描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 常用于when, while引导的从句。如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。　 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。 While +过去进行时，主句一般过去时 When+一般过去时，主句过去进行时 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. When my brother fell, he was riding his bicycle. It was raining when they left the station. They left the station while it was raining. 4.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。 e.g.While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. （两个动作都是延续的） He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.（两个动作同时进行） 注意： 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时： 1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如 love ,hate ,like ,care, please ,prefer ,know, believe, mind, want, wish ,forget, remember等 2)表存在、状态的动词，如have(拥有)，appear ,exist（存在） ,lie ,remain（保持） ,stand ,seem, belong属于）等 3)表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等. 4)表一时性的动词，如 agree, accept ,allow（允许） , decide ,end ,refuse（拒绝）, promise（承诺）等 三、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 （1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如： I was sixteen yesterday old last year. 我去年16岁。 He worked in a factory in 1986. 他1986年在一家工厂工作。 I met her in the street the day before yesterday. 前天我在街上遇见了她。 He often swam in the river when he was young. 他小时候常在河里游泳。 （2）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth.等时间状语从句。 What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？ I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。 I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。 （3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如： I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher. 你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。 注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完） 【练一练】 1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me. A. cooked, were ringing B. was cooking, rang C. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang 2.She _____when I______her yesterday. A.is sleeping ,called B.was sleeping,called C.slept,called D.was sleeping,was calling 3. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try 4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night. A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching 5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing 6. His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates. A. was getting B. gets C. is getting D. will get 7.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me A. did, heard B. did, didn’t hear C. was doing, heard D. was doing, didn’t hear 8.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate. A. did, made B. was doing, made C. was doing, was making D. did, was making 9.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______. A. were waiting, waiting B. were waiting, wait C. waited, waiting D. waited, wait 10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. A. helps B . would help C was helping D. is helping 四、when, as, while引导的时间状语从句 引导词 I was sleeping when it started to rain. 主句 从句 请你来找一找时间状语从句在哪？ As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 1. when , while , as when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间 while是during the time that，只指一段时间， a. 用法 when +点/段时间 +瞬间/延续性动词 主从动作可先可后可同时 while +段时间 +延续性动词 主从动作同时 as +点/段时间 +瞬间/延续性动词 主从动作同时 b. 常用时态： 时态 主句 从句 过去进行时 when+一般过去时 当一件事正在发生，另一件突然发生 一般过去时 while+过去进行时 过去进行时 while+过去进行时 对比 e.g. When the teacher came in, we were talking. While/When/As we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing while we were dancing. 注意：如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as， “一边......，一边......”。 e.g. He jumps as he goes along. As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. Unit8专项训练 一．单项选择。 ( ) 1. -Natural disasters are dangerous! -Yes,_____earthquake that happened in Philippines killed _______ number of people. A. the; the B. the; a C. an; the D. an; a ( ) 2. Which of the following words is a compound word like granddaughter? A. useless B. north-east C. illness D.incorrect ( ) 3. When the flood was washing the village, people screamed _______fear and ran ______all directions. A. in ; with B. with; in C. in; in D. with; with ( ) 4.There are______visitors to the wetland park, and the number is becoming__________now. A. thousand of, larger and larger B. thousands of, more and more C. thousands of, larger and larger D. thousand of, more and more ( )5. The boy felt very ______ and he fell ______ very soon . A. asleep ,asleep B.asleep ,sleepy C.sleepy , sleepy D.sleepy ,asleep ( )6. you know English is important, you should learn it harder. A. Since B. For C. Because of D. However ( )7. It’s reported that the seawater a lot of things, such as houses, cars and so on when the tsunami (海啸) came. A. put away B. threw away C. washed away D. took away ( ) 8. He kept telling himself____________. He knew he could do well if he tried. A. not to nervous B. not to be nervous C. don’t be nervous D. didn’t be nervous ( ) 9. -How did the accident happen? -The driver _________ on his mobile phone while driving. A. was talking B. talks C. will talk D. is reading ( )10. -Alice fell from the tree and hurt herself. -______________ A. Great! B. A good idea! C. Not at all. D. Sorry to hear that. 二、单词拼写。 A根据句意及汉语提示，写出正确的单词。 1.The ________________ (地震)in Japan caused Tsumani, over 20,000 people lost their lives. 2.Bill fell__________________(睡着) in class because he stayed up the night before. 3.My heart was__________________(跳) fast while I was making a speech in class. 4.I had a bad_______________(头痛) this morning, so I didn't attend the meeting. 5.The flood washed away a few______________(村庄), many people are homeless. B:首字母填空 Do you like the traffic in your city? There are too many accidents in big cities. Accidents often h 6 when people are not careful, especially when they're crossing the road on r 7 days. When it rains, people are in a hurry because they don’t want to get wet. Then accidents may happen at that time. Everyone knows that cars take m 8 time to stop when it's raining. So we must be more careful if we want to be s 9 . Remember everyone has only one 1ife and we must protect o 10 well. 6.___________7._____________8._____________9.____________10.____________ 三、选词填空。 find one’s way out make pancakes say to oneself as...as possible catch fire stay away from calm down clear the snow not....at all live 1. We must write ______ carefully _______________ when we do our homework. 2. Look!People_____________________________from the road so that they can walk safely. 3. ---_______ your mum _____________________in the kitchen at that time ? ---Yes , she was. 4. _____________________________ the stove(火炉), or you may get hurt. 5.At first I felt nervous, but soon I told myself ____________________________. 6.Thanks to the rescue team,we were still _______ after the terrible traffic accident. 7.It was dark around him. He ________________see anything ________________. 8.He kept _______________________ "Never give up". 9.It is natural to meet difficulties in our daily life.If we keep trying,we___________________________. 10.Wood_________________________easily,so we must remember to keep it away from fire. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期末复习专题02—八年级上册Unit7&Unit8重点知识点、语法归纳及专项训练 Unit7重点知识点 1、It’s too cold, Bring me my clothes, Hobo. 天太冷了，把我的衣服拿来，霍波。 1) too在此句中用作副词，修饰形容词cold,意为“太，很；非常”。 e.g. I am too happy. 我非常高兴。 He speaks too fast. 他讲话太快。 【拓展】： too 与to引导的动词不定式短语连用，构成“too…to…”结构，表示“太…以至于不能…” I went too late to see him. 我去得太迟以至于没有见到他。 2) bring 意思是“带来”；brought（过去式）。注意与take的区别。take的意思是“带去”。 短语：bring sb sth = bring sth to sb 给某人带某物 bring sth from sp 从某地带来某物 bring sth for sb 为某人带来某物 e.g. I brought a gift to you from Suzhou. 我从苏州给你带来了一份礼物。 3) clothes, cloth 与clothing辨析 词条 用法 例句 clothes 意思是“衣服”，一般用a suit of clothes表示，clothes本身通常不与数词连用，但可以和many, these, my这类词连用。 Please put on your clothes. It’s too cold. 填太冷了，请穿上你的衣服。 She has many clothes. 她有很多衣服。 Fine clothes makes the man.佛要金装，人要衣装。 cloth 是不可数名词，意思是“布料”，“一块布”应译为a piece of cloth I’d like cotton cloth, please.请给我看看棉布。 Two yards of cloth will be enough for a skirt. 两码布足可以缝制一条裙子的。 clothing 是集合名词，是所有服装的总称，没有复数形式，后面要接单数动词。 All the clothing in the shop is very cheap. 这家商店所有的衣服都很便宜。 2、Is this one OK？ 这一件可以吗？ one在这里是作代词用，用于指代出现过的东西。但是通常是指“同一类”东西。 辨析：one、it和that it代替前面的事物本身。它可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式为they/them。 one可以代替与前面同类不同一的事物；可以代替某类事物中的任何一个。 that代替与前面同类不同一的事物。that表特指，相当于the+名词。它可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式为those。 e.g. I lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella） I lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指，因为my umbrella已经丢了） The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以区别“the umbrella you bought”） 3、I bet you’ll look cool and feel cool with nothing on! 我敢说你不穿衣服看上去会很酷而且感觉凉爽！ 1) 1) bet在此处作动词，意为“打赌，敢说，八成儿”，其后可跟that从句。 e.g. I bet that he will win the match. 我敢说，他能赢得这场比赛。 I’ll bet you (that) he knows about it. 我敢和你说，他了解一切。 2) 2) 句中第一个cool为形容词，意为“酷的，棒的”；句中第二个cool也为形容词，意为“凉爽的；凉快的” e.g. Mr Green looks cool in a red T-shirt. 格林先生穿着一件红色T恤看起来很酷。 Today Mr Green wears a cool jacket. 今天格林先生穿着一件很酷的夹克衫。 It’s hot in summer and it’s cool in autumn. 夏天热，秋天凉 3) 3) with nothing on 意为“什么也没穿”。这里的with+名词/代词+形容词/介词….是with复合结构，可以表示伴随的状态。 e.g. We all know that fish sleep with their eyes open. 我们都知道，鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。 The boy was so tired that he went to sleep with the lights on. 那孩子太累了，没关灯就睡觉了。 4、关于天气的名词和形容词的转换 名词 形容词 cloud cloudy fog foggy rain rainy snow snowy sun sunny wind windy 5、In summer, I can go swimming and enjoy ice cream every day! 在夏天，我能每天去游泳和享受冰激凌！ 短语go swimming “去游泳”。go 与表示活动、消遣等方面的v.-ing 形式连用，表示在某些特定的情况下暂时从事的运动、消遣或活动，这时的go有“去从事”的意思。 【拓展】：类似的短语还有： go climbing 去爬山 go walking 去散步 go jogging 去慢跑 go running 去跑步 go boating 去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼 go camping 去野营 go shopping 去购物 go skating 去溜冰 6、Winter days are full of snow. 冬天的日子满是雪花。 be full of 意为“装满”，与be filled with同义。full形容词，意为“满的”，其反义词是empty(空的) e.g. This bag is full of rice. = This bag is filled with rice. 这个袋子里装满了大米。 7、When the trees and flowers forget to grow. 树木和花儿忘记了生长。 forget 动词，“忘记”；（过去式）forgot；（反义词）remember forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（尚未做） forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（已经做过） e.g. Sorry, Mr Chen, I forgot doing my homework. 对不起，陈老师。我忘记做我的家庭作业了。 Jack, don’t forget to turn off the TV. 杰克，不要忘记关掉电视。 8、And the birds fly far away. 鸟儿飞向远方。 1) fly用作不及物动词，意为“飞；飞行”。fly的第三人称单数时flies,过去式是flew. e.g. Birds can fly with their wings. 鸟儿能用翅膀飞行。 I see a bird fly in the sky. 我看见一只鸟在空中飞。 2) 短语far away用来表示距离，在句中作状语或表语，意为“远；遥远”，有时away可省略。 e.g. The town my friend lives in is far (away). 我朋友住的城镇很远。 【拓展】： [1] far away from 的意思是“离…很远”，常表示距离，作表语或状语，away可省略。 e.g. The school is far (away) from my house. 学校离我家很远。 The sun is far (away) from the earth. 太阳离地球很远。 [2] away from 用于表示确切的距离（此时不用far）, away 可省略，但如果句子不带from短语，则不能省。 e.g. He lives two miles (away) from here. 他住的地方离这儿有两英里远。 9、To find a warm and sunny day. 为了找到温暖而晴朗的天气。 find及物动词，意为“找到” 【辨析】：find, look for与find out 三者都有“找”之意，其区别是： find 找到 强调寻找的结果 look for 寻找 强调寻找的过程 find out 查明 多指通过调查、询问、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”之意，多指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。 e.g. I looked for it everywhere, but I could not find it. 我到处都找过了，就是找不到它。 Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。 10、What a perfect time to fly a kite! 正是放风筝的好时节！ perfect 形容词，“完美的，极好的” e.g. He spoke perfect English. 他讲一口地道的英语。 This place is perfect. 这个地方好极了。 【拓展】：perfect for…“正合适” e.g. The weather is perfect for a garden party. 这是句型游园会的最理想天气。 【拓展】 感叹句学习 1) What / + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 /+ 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！ What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！ 2) How /+ 形容词 / 副词 / + 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. How kind you are! 你心肠真好! 11、Then hide from the April showers. 然后（它们）避开四月的阵雨。 hide 用作动词，意为“躲，藏”；（过去式）hid；（过去分词）hidden hide from 躲避 e.g. The boy hid under the bed and his mother couldn’t find him. 那个男孩藏在了床底下，他妈妈找不到他。 12、Those sweet memories of summer days 那些夏天的美好记忆。 memory 名词，“记忆，记忆力；回忆” e.g The little boy has a good memory. 这个小男孩记忆力很好。 in memory of 作为对…的纪念； 为了纪念…； e.g. Did he pick Mark Twain as his pen-name in memory of his father? 他取马克·吐温作为笔名是为了纪念他的父亲吗？ 13、Then autumn leaves turn brown, 然后秋天的树叶变成了褐色。 1) leaves意为“树叶”，是leaf的复数形式 e.g. The leaves on the tree turn yellow. 树上的叶子变黄了。 【助记】：巧记以f,fe结尾的名词变复数 树叶（leaf）半（half）数自己黄， 妻子（wife）拿刀(knife)去割粮， 架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf)， 就像强盗(thief)逃命(life)忙。 1) 2) turn 连系动词，意为“变得”。可用来表示颜色变化，后接表示颜色的形容词。 e.g. Her face turned red at his words. 听了他的话，她的脸变红了。 【拓展】： [1] turn用作连系动词，有时也表示温度的突然变化。 e.g. It’s cold in the morning, but turns very warm at noon. 早上很冷，但是中午突然变得很暖和。 · [2] turn 还可用作动词，意为“转向，转弯，（使）变为” e.g. Turn left, and you can see a hospital in front of you. 向左拐，你就能看到你前面有一家医院。 · [3] turn 的相关短语有： turn on打开 turn off 关闭 turn up (把音量等)调高 turn down (把音量等)调低 turn into 变成 · [4] turn用作名词，意为“次序，轮流” e.g. It is your turn to clean the room. 轮到你打扫房间了。 14、Fall into piles upon the ground. 成堆落在地上。 1) fall不及物动词，意为“落，降落，下落”；（过去式）fell；(过去分词) fallen e.g. Leaves fall from the tree. 叶子从树上落下。 The rain is falling. 雨正在下。 【拓展】：fall作不及物动词讲时，还有其他的含义。 [1] 意为“降临；来临” Night falls.夜晚来临。 e.g. His birthday falls on Sunday this year. 今年他的生日正逢星期天。 [2] 意为“跌倒”。常构成短语fall down “摔倒；倒塌”；fall over “摔倒”； fall off “从…跌落”，fall off 相当于fall down from. e.g. It is easy for you to fall over on the ice. 对你来说，很容易从冰上摔倒。 The old man fell off/down from the bed. 这位老人从床上摔了下来。 2) upon为介词，意为“在…上面；接近”。 e.g. The summer season was almost upon them again. 转眼间他们又要过夏天了。 He set the dish upon the table. 他把盘子放在桌子上。 【拓展】：upon与on一般可通用，但有以下区别： [1] 表示日期时一般只用on,不用upon [2] 在某些习语中，upon和on不能互相替换。如：once upon a time. 从前。 15、As the days are shorter and the temperature drops. 随着白天变短了，温度也下降了。 1) temperature 名词，意为“温度” 辨析：temperature, degree与Centigrade temperature 既可指天气的温度，也可指人体的温度 degree 指具体的度数，常与数词相连 centigrade 表示“摄氏温度”，常位于degree之后说明摄氏温度 e.g. This morning his temperature was 39 degrees centigrade. 今天早上他烧到了39摄氏度。 1) 2) drop用作不及物动词，意为“下降；落下；掉下” e.g. Temperatures can drop suddenly at night, so bring some warm clothes. 夜里气温会突然降低，所以要拿些暖和的衣服。 The leaves on the tree begin to drop. 树上的椰子开始往下落。 【拓展】： · [1] drop用作及物动词，意为“使落下；投下” e.g. Mrs Black dropped her bag. 布莱克夫人把她的包掉在了地上。 Kate dropped the teapot. 凯特把茶壶弄掉了。 · [2] drop用作名词，常用单数形式，意为“下降，降落” e.g. There was a sudden drop in the temperature yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午突然降温了。 16、How do people feel on a hot summer afternoon? 在炎热的夏季的下午，人们感觉如何呢？ on用作时间介词，常用来表示具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上，上午、下午或晚上前可用天气特征的词和季节的词修饰，表示“在一个…的上午/下午/晚上”。 on还可用在星期几或具体的日期前。 e.g. The man left his hometown on a cold winter morning. 那个人在一个寒冷冬天的早上离开了家乡。 17、The leaves turn green and the temperature rises quickly. 树叶变绿而且温度迅速上升。 rise不及物动词，意为“上升；升高”。基本含义指从低处位置向上移动，可指潮水的上涨、温度的上升、价格的上涨等。 e.g. The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. 太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。 The river is rising after the rain. 河水在雨后涨了起来。 【辨析】rise与raise 两者都有“上升”“提高”之意，其区别： rise 不及物动词 过去式是rose 意为“上升，升高”，主语通常是物 raise 及物动词 过去式是raised 意为“提高，举起，筹集”等，主语通常是人 e.g. When summer comes, the temperature will rise day after day. 夏天来临的时候，气温会一天天地升高。 Don’t raise your voice to me. 不要对我大声嚷嚷。 If you have any question in class, you may raise your hand 课堂上如果你有问题，你可以举手。 18、In winter, white snow covers the whole earth. 在冬季，白雪覆盖了整个大地。 cover用作及物动词，意为“覆盖；遮盖” e.g. I see white snow cover the ground. 我看见白雪覆盖了大地。 He tries to cover his mistakes. 他设法掩盖自己的错误。 【拓展】： 1) [1] cover常构成短语cover…with…,意为“用…把…覆盖”，它的被动结构是be covered with, 意为“被….覆盖”。 e.g. She covered herself with a blanket. 她给自己盖上了一条毯子。 Cover the table with a cloth. 用块布盖上桌子。 The hill is covered with snow. 山被雪覆盖着。 2) [2] cover 还可用作名词，意为“盖子，封面” e.g. Where’s the cover of the bottle? 瓶子盖在哪里？ The cover girl is a film start. 这个封面女郎是个电影明星。 19、Farmers are busy harvesting crops. 农民忙着收获庄稼。 be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，如果没有动词，则要用be busy with sth,， 两者意思相同。 e.g. His father is busy cleaning his car. 他父亲忙着擦车。 His mother is busy with the housework. 他的母亲忙着做家务。 20、They are quite different. 他们非常不同。 【解析】different 形容词，意为“不同的”，常与from搭配，构成短语be different from. 意为“与…不同” 例：In some ways Tom and his father are different. 在某些方面汤姆和他父亲不一样。 City life is different from country life. 城市生活与农村生活不一样。 【拓展】： 1) 1) be different in 意为“在…方面不同” The two jackets are different in colours. 这两件夹克衫在颜色上不一样。 2) 2) be the same as 意为“与…相同” My coat is the same as hers. 我的外套和她的一样。 3) 3) be similar to 意为“与…相似” The building is similar to that one. 这幢楼和那幢楼相似。 21、Ice cream tastes nice. 冰激凌尝起来很好吃。 【解析】taste连系动词，意为“尝起来”，后常接形容词作表语。 例：This cake tastes very delicious. 这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。 【拓展】：五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。 （1）look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。 （2）smell“闻起来”，后接adj.分词。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。 （3）sound“听起来”，后接adj.\分词。 The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。 （4）taste“尝起来”，后接adj.\分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。 （5）feel ①“摸起来，给……感觉”；②“觉得”，后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a night’s sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。 22、I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 我看见一些孩子正在公园里踢球。 【解析】see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”；see为感官动词，后接V-ing作宾语时，表示“动作正在进行” On my way to school I saw some boys playing in the park. 在我上学的路上，我看见几个男孩在公园里玩。 【拓展】：see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事”。后接不带to的不定式作宾补时，则表示“一个完整的动作过程或该动作经常发生” I often see some old people play chess under that tree. 我经常看见几个老人在那棵树下下国际象棋。 【注意】：除了see外，其它感官动词也有类似的用法，它们是“一感”（feel）,二听（listen, hear）, 三看（look, watch, notice） 23、a lot 与a lot of 词条 用法 例句 a lot 作副词词组，修饰动词，意思是“十分，非常”，相当于very much I like Chinese action movies a lot. 我非常喜欢中国的动作片。 a lot of 与lots of 的意思和用法完全相同，后接可数或不可数名词 There are a lot of/lots of famous movie stars in the USA. 美国有许多著名的电影明星。 24、caught a bad cold. I had a high fever and coughed a lot…我患了重感冒，发高烧而且咳嗽的很厉害…. 【解析1】catch a cold 意为“感冒”。cold名词，意为“伤风；感冒”，常与动词catch, have 或get连用，中间加冠词a,意为“患感冒” 例：He catches a cold every year at this time. 每年这个时候他都感冒。 【解析2】 have a fever 意为“发烧”。动词have和许多名词搭配构成短语，have借助不同 的语境产生不同的含义。 【拓展】：have与名词搭配构成的常见短语： have a look看一看 have a try 试一试 have a talk 谈一谈 have a rest休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a word with sb. 和某人说话 have a break 休息 have a walk散步 have a cough 咳嗽 25、The wind will be stronger and the temperature will drop below zero, to -10 ℃。风将会更大，温度将会降到零摄氏度一下，达到-10℃。 【解析1】 1) temperature 名词，“温度，体温”，通常只用单数。 2) take one’s temperature “给某人量体温” 【拓展】：对体温、温度进行提问用What. What’s the temperature today? 今天的温度是多少？ 26、Sunshine and blue skies will stay with us for the rest of the week. 在这个星期剩下的几天里，阳光和蓝天将陪伴我们。 【解析1】 stay动词，“停留；逗留”。短语stay with sb “与某人待在一起” You can stay here. 你可以待在这儿。 I’d like to stay with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友待在一起。 【拓展】：含有stay的短语有： stay away from sb. 离开，不接近（某人） stay at home 待在家里 stay up 熬夜 【解析2】rest 名词，“剩余部分”。短语the rest of …“其余的….;剩下的…” We can guess the rest of the story. 我们能够猜到故事的剩余部分。 How would you like to spend the rest of the day? 后半天你打算怎么过？ 【拓展】：当rest“休息”讲时，常用的短语为have/take a rest“休息”。 Let’s stop to have/take a rest. 让我们停下来休息一下吧。 27、Take care. 当心 【解析】短语take care 多用于对可能出现的不测做出预先的提醒或警告。其后可接动词不定式短语或that从句，从句谓语动词用一般现在时。 Take care not to break the glass. 小心别打了杯子。 Take care (that) all the doors are locked. 不要大意，要把所有的们锁好。 【拓展】：take care of = look after “照顾；照料” The boy is very young. He can’t take care of himself. 这男孩很小，不能照顾自己。 28、Today I learnt more about weather. 今天我了解到更多的天气信息。 【解析】learn about 意为“获得；学得” 【拓展】： 1) learn构成的短语： learn from 向…学习 learn of 听说 learn by oneself 自学 2) learn to do sth. 学会做某事。 Jim is learning to skate.吉姆正在学习溜冰。 29、wind风 【解析】wind名词，“风”；形容词windy“有风的，多风的” There is a strong wind today. 今天又大风。 It is windy today. 今天刮风。 【拓展】：从wind和windy这组词中可以看出：在表示天气的名词后面加-y，可构成其形容词形式。 rain(雨)-rainy(下雨的) cloud（云）-cloudy（多云的） snow(雪)-snowy（下雪的） storm（暴风雨）-stormy（有暴风雨的） frost（霜）-frosty（霜冻的） 30、How’s the weather in Nanjing? 南京的天气如何？ 【解析】句型How is the weather…? = What’s the weather like…? “…的天气如何？”，常用来询问天气。weather为不可数名词，意为“天气”. What’s the weather like in summer there? 那儿的夏天的天气怎么样？ How’s the weather today? 今天天气怎样? 31、below, beneath与under辨析 这三个介词都可以表示位置“在…下面”，但有区别。 词条 用法 例句 below 表示“在…之下”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。 He is below the average at school. 他的学习成绩在一般水平以下。 beneath 表示“在….(正)下方”。这个介词常可与below 互相替换，但below较常用，beneath多用于正式文体中 The boat sank beneath the waves. 小船被大浪吞没了。 under 表示“在…之下”，与介词over“在…上方”相对应 Our boat went under the bridge. 我们的船通过桥下。 A cat is sitting under the table. 一只猫正蹲在桌子下面。 32、few, a few, little, a little辨析 词义 用法特点 few 很少的；几乎没有的 表示否定意义，用来修饰名词复数 a few 少数的；有几个 表示肯定意义，用来修饰名词复数 little 很少的；几乎没有的 表示否定意义，用来修饰不可数名词 a little 少量；一点儿 表示肯定意义，用来修饰不可数名词、形容词及比较级 33、It’s a bit cold and dry….有点冷，也有点儿干燥… 【解析】a bit 意为“有点儿”，修饰形容词或副词，与a little同义。不同的是，a little 可修饰不可数名词，而a bit 不能，需要再a bit 后加of才能修饰不可数名词。即：a little+不可数名词=/a bit of+不可数名词 His bedroom is a bit/a little dirty. 他的卧室有点儿脏。 There’s a little/a bit of water in the glass. 被子里有点儿水。 34、Heavy fog is not healthy for people. 大雾对人们的健康不利。 【解析】healthy形容词，意为“健康的”。be healthy for 意为“利于…的健康；对….是健康的” Milk is healthy for us. 牛奶有利于我们的健康。 Exercise is healthy for our mind and body. 锻炼有利于我们的身心健康。 【拓展】keep healthy/fit 保持健康 Unit7语法归纳 动词及五种基本句型 句子的基本组成部分为：主语（S）、动词（V）和宾语（O）。动词可分为行为动词（也称实义动词）和系动词，在句中可用作谓语。根据这两类动词用作谓语时的不同特点，可以把英语句子概括为五种基本句型。 说明：S -主语;V-谓语；P-表语；O-宾语；IO-间接宾语；DO-直接宾语；OC-宾语补足语 五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1． S+V 句式（主+谓） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词。 He runs quickly. 他跑地快。 They listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。 2． S+V+P 句式 (主+系+表) 在此句式中，V是系动词，常见的系动词有：be动词、感官动词（ look,, sound, feel, taste, smell）和表示“变，，变成”的动词（ grow, get, become, turn）。 This story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。 This desk feels hard. 这张书桌摸起来很硬。 This cake tastes nice. 这块蛋糕尝起来很香。 3． S+V+O句式（主+谓+宾） 在此句式中，V是及物动词，因此有宾语。 I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read this story? 你读过这个故事吗？ They found their home easily. 他们很容易地找到了他们的家。 4． S+V+IO+DO句式 （主+谓+间宾+直宾） 在此句式中，V是可带双宾语的及物动词。指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 注意：能与to搭配的动词有： give/show/send/pass/teach/bring sb. sth. = give/show/send/pass/teach/bring sth. to sb. 能与for搭配的动词有： buy/make/cook/leave sb. sth. = buy/make/cook/leave sth. for sb. 5． S+V+DO+OC句式 (主+谓+直宾+宾补) 在此句式中，V是可带有宾语补足语的及物动词。常作宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 常见的可接宾语补足语的动词有：make, keep, find, call等 They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。 They found her happy on that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。 Unit7专项训练 一．单项选择。 ( ) 1.Which of the underlined part pronounces differently from the others? A.bet B. memory C.fever D. rest ( ) 2. ---It is warm in ______ spring. ---Yes. What a perfect time to go on a trip! A.The B. / C.an D. a ( ) 3. Our teachers always make their classes interesting. The main structure of the sentence is ______. A. S+V B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P ( ) 4. I have finished what I can do about the work. The rest_________ too hard for me to do. A. are B. do C. does D. is ( ) 5. On the way back home, the two boys walked happily,________________ . A. singing and danced B. sang and danced C. singing and dancing D. sang and dancing ( ) 6. It’s hot today. The temperature must be _________. A. in thirty B. in the thirty C. in the thirties D. in thirties ( ) 7. The journey was boring. We all felt ______ tired. A. a bit B. little C. a few D. a bit of ( ) 8. If you need my help, please ___________ any time. A. ringing me B. to ring me C. ring I D. ring me ( ) 9. —_____________? —It’s rainy today. A. How is the weather like? B. What does the weather feel? C. How does the weather feel? D. What’s the weather like? ( )10. —Hello，who’s that speaking? —_______________. A. That is Jane. B. She is Maria. C. I’m Mike. D. This is Simon speaking. 二、首字母填空。 In China, there are four s 1 in a year, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Summer is hot and winter is cold. Spring and autumn are c 2 . Spring lasts from M 3 to May. In April it’s windy and sometimes there will be a s 4 . Bees and butterflies have to hide from it. Summers goes from June to August. From September to November is autumn. At last is winter, from December to February. A 5 the four seasons in a year, I like winter most. 46.___________47._____________48._____________49.____________50._____________ 三、选词填空。 harvest crops; catch a bad cold; noise; with nothing on; blow hard play among; fly a kite; upon the ground; freeze; hide from 1. Look! Miss Wang ____________________the children.They are very happy. 2. Dogs don’t feel cold ______________________. 3. After the Winter Solstice(冬至), rivers and lakes are ___________________ in the north. 4. Let's get into the house_________________________ the heavy rain. 5. Look! farmers are busy ________________________. 6. The wind _______________________yesterday evening.We nearly fell over. 7. Linda_______________________yesterday, so she didn't come to school. 8. As autumn comes, leaves fall into piles_____________________. 9. Spring is a perfect time _____________________. 10. ---It's too ______________here, so I can’t hear you clearly. 一、1~5CBBDC 6~10 CADDD 二、1.seasons； 2.cool； 3.March； 4.shower； 5.Among 三、1. is playing among 2.with nothing on 3. frozen 4.to hide from 5. harvesting crops 6.blew hard 7. caught a bad cold 8.upon the ground 9. to fly a kite 10. noisy Unit8重点知识点 1、Didn’t you hear the rain? 这是一个否定疑问句，用于表示惊异、反问、失望、责难、建议、看法等语气，意为“难道不....吗？” 否定疑问句结构：助动词，情态动词或be动词的否定式（多用缩略形式）+主语+其他 E.g.----Aren’t you a student？ ---Yes, I am.不，我是的。/No, I am not.是，我不是。 Can’t you read the book in a low voice? Didn’t you go to school yesterday? 否定疑问句的回答：Yes翻译为“不”；No译为“是”；yes还是no应根据答语的内容是肯定还是否定而定。 2、When I woke up, there was water everywhere. 1) wake v. (woke-woken) up的用法 词条 意义和用法 例句 wake up 不及物动词短语 I usually wake up early in the morning. wake up sb 及物动词短语,名词作宾语时可放在该词组后面或中间；但代词作宾语时，只能放在该词组的中间。 My mother wakes me up every morning. She often wakes her brother up/wakes up her brother every morning. awake adj . 醒着的 2) There is/are going to be... There will be... E.g There is going to be a football match next month. =There will be a football match next month. 3、if 词条 意义和用法 例句 if “如果”，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 If it rains tomorrow, I will not go out. “是否”, 主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时 I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. 4、Earthquake kills thousands of people. thousand的用法： 1）数字+thousand +名词复数：表示具体数量的人或物 e.g. Three thousand students will take part in the activity. 2）thousands of +名词复数：表示人或物的约数概念 e.g. There are thousands of students in the activity. 与thousand用法相同的词： 百：hundred; 百万：million; 十亿;billion 5、Coach crashes into tree. 1）Coach n.（可数名词，复数-es） 长途汽车; 教练 E.g. Her coach encouraged her throughout the marathon race to keep on running.  她的教练在马拉松赛全程鼓励她继续不断奔跑。 2） crash v. (crashes; crashed) 碰撞，猛撞 crash into 撞到......上；闯入 air crash 飞机失事 6、Did you hear about the fire at a school in the UK last week? hear(heard) 词条 意义和用法 例句 hear of 听别人说起或提及 I heard of him before. hear about 听到...的详情 I heard about the accident. hear from 收到...的来信 I heard from him yesterday. hear...from... 收到....来自于.... I hear the news from him. 7、What happened? happen v. 发生（偶然/突然发生的） happen to sb./sth. 某人/某物怎么了？ take place 发生（有计划/安排）；举行 注意：happen/take place 两者都没有被动语态 8、There was a heavy storm with thunder and lightning. With/without的用法 词条 意义和用法 例句 with/without 有，带有，表示伴随状态 She is a beautiful girl with long hair. 和...一起 I want to play football with him. 关于；对于 I am pleased with the result. 用，使用（某种工具/身体部位） I write with a pen. 9、Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 1) hit v. 打击，危害；袭击(hits, hit, hitting) 2) catch(catches, caught) 词条 意义和用法 例句 catch fire 着火，强调动作 paper can easily catch fire. be on fire 着火，强调状态 The house is on fire. 10、At first, I felt a slight shake. 词条 词性和用法 例句 shake n.摇动，震动 At night, the shake of the trees in the wind made me feel frightened. V.摇动，震动（shook-shaken） shake hands with... shake one’s head The earth started to shake. shaking n.震动 The noise and the shaking ended. 11、People screamed in fear. 1）in fear“恐惧地”，在句中做状语 类似词组还有：in surprise惊奇地；in danger处于危险中；in a hurry匆忙地；in need有需求 2）in fear of 恐惧...= fear for e.g. My little sister is in fear of darkness. = My little sister fears for darkness. 12、Some ran out of the building. 词条 含义和用法 例句 run out of... 从...中跑出 He ran out of the building just now. sb. run out of... 某人用尽了某物（时间，精力，金钱等） I ran out of my money. sth. run out 某物用完了 My money ran out. 13、Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 1) in all directions及相关短语 词条 意义和用法 例句 in all directions 四面八方 A group of horses are running in all directions. in the same direction 朝同一个方向 We are running in the same direction. in the direction of.. 朝着...的方向 I am walking in the direction of my home. 2) fall down 词条 含义和用法 例句 fall down 滑到，倒下；如后接宾语要加介词from He fell down from the tree. fall off 跌落，从..上掉下来，后可直接加宾语 He fell off the horse. fall over 向前摔倒，跌倒 I saw an old man fall over. come down 崩塌，倒塌 We saw the building come down. 14、I could not see anything at all, an I did not know if anyone else was near me. 1) not....at all 词条 含义和用法 例句 not...at all 一点也不 I can’t see anything at all. not at all 不客气，不用谢 ---Thank you. ----Not at all. not...any more= no more 不再，再也不 I won’t watch TV any more. 2）else和other 词条 含义和用法 例句 else 其他的，adv,放在疑问词，不定代词和不定副词之后 What else do you want？ other 其他的，adj,放在名词之前 What other food do you want? 15、“I’m trapped”I said to myself. 1）trapped adj. 困住的 trap v. 围困，使......陷入困境;诱使（trapping; trapped） be trapped in 陷入 E.g. The reporter trapped the official into giving away a secret. 记者用计诱使那个官员泄露了一个秘密。 2）say to oneself 自言自语 16、A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 1) go through 闪现；经历 2) mind 词条 含义和用法 例句 mind n.头脑，想法，记性 An idea came into my mind just now. v.介意，在意 mind+v-ing Do you mind turning down the TV? 3) since, because, as和for的区别 词条 用法 例句 because 表示直接的原因，语气最强，在回答why时必须用because I missed the train because I got up late. since/as 原因已为人们所知；since比as稍微正式；as和since一般出现在句首 Since everyone is here, let’s have a class. for 所说的理由是一种补充说明，for 一般不放在句子开头 I decided to have lunch,for I was feeling hungry. 4) alive 词条 含义和用法 例句 alive adj.活着的；可以做表语，作定语时不可放在名词前 The fish is still alive. live adj.活的，一般不形容人 Did you see a live tiger？ v. 居住 I lived in Nanjing last year. lively adj.生动的，活泼的 The match is very lively. 17、Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 1) enough 词条 用法 例句 enough enough +n I don’t have enough money to buy the book. adj/adv. +enough He is old enough to go to school. 句型：enough....for sb to do sth E.g. There’s no enough time for me to finish the paper. This question is easy enough for me to answer. 2) space n.（不可数名词）空间；太空 =room n.(不可数名词) 空间； n.(可数名词)房间 E.g. There is no space in the bus. 18、At last, I saw the bright daylight. I was safe. 1) at last 词条 含义 例句 at last(反义;at first) 最后 At last/Finally/In the end,he passed the exam. finally in the end(反义：in the beginning) 思考：In the end和at the end of; in the beginning 和at the beginning of有什么区别？ 2) safe adj. 安全的 反义词：dangerous safely adv. 安全地 反义词：dangerously safety n. 安全 反义词：danger be in safe 处于安全状态 反义： be in danger 处于危险 be out of danger 摆脱危险 19、Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 词条 含义和用法 例句 asleep “睡着的”，强调状态，可做表语和宾语补足语（不可被very修饰） She was asleep.Please don’t wake her up. sleepy “困倦的”，可做表语，宾语补足语，定语 I was very sleepy. sleeping “睡着的，睡觉用的”，可做表语和定语 I have a sleeping bag. He is sleeping. 20、Try to get out as soon as possible. 1） try to do sth,“努力做某事” try doing sth. 尝试做某事 2） get out 词条 含义和用法 例句 get out (of...) （从...里）出来 I couldn’t get out of the room. get out of.. 逃避，摆脱，放弃，避免 You should get out of the bad habit. 3） as adj/adv as possible=as adj/adv as you can e.g.As for junk food,you should eat it as little as possible. You should run as quickly as possible. 21、Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from... protect...from... 词条 含义 例句 protect..from... 保护...免受.., He protected his eyes from the sun with his hand. stop..(from) doing sth 阻止...做某事 We should prevent/stop/keep others from littering. prevent..(from)doing sth keep..from doing sth 22、.Do not swim through the flood water. 词条 用法 例句 through 强调从内部穿过 I walk through the door. across 强调从表面穿过 I walk across the road.=_____________________ 注意：across为介词，不可直接作谓语；cross为动词，可直接作谓语。walk across =cross 23、I nearly fell over. 词条 nearly almost 相同点 几乎，差不多 不同点 表示的“几乎”更深一些 不能修饰否定词，但可和not 连用，not nearly译为“远不如” 可修饰否定代词或副词no,nobody,no one,nothing,never,more than等 例句 He was nearly killed in the accident. There was almost nothing in the box. 24、People were trying to clear the snow from the streets. clear v. 清扫；清除 adj. 晴朗的 clearly adv. 清楚地 clean up 打扫干净 E.g. The guests left,and the table was cleared. 客人走了，桌子收拾干净了。 Unit8语法归纳 过去进行时 一、基本概念与结构 (一）过去进行时，是表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。 （二）结构：was/were +doing (现在分词） 结 构 肯定句 主语+be（was, were)+现在分词+其他。 如：My son was learning English in US last year. 否定句 主语+be (was, were) not+现在分词+其他。 如：It was not raining then. 疑 问 句 一般疑问句：be (was, were)+主语+现在分词+其他？ 特殊疑问句： 1.疑问词+be(was , were)+现在分词+其他？（疑问词做主语） 2.疑问词+be(was , were)+主语+现在分词+其他？ 二、过去进行时的用法 1.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when，while e.g. What was he researching all day last Sunday? My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. 2.表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。 e.g. What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? （介词短语表示时间点） When I saw him he was decorating his room. （when从句表示时间点） 3.过去进行时描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 常用于when, while引导的从句。如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。　 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。 While +过去进行时，主句一般过去时 When+一般过去时，主句过去进行时 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. When my brother fell, he was riding his bicycle. It was raining when they left the station. They left the station while it was raining. 4.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。 e.g.While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. （两个动作都是延续的） He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.（两个动作同时进行） 注意： 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时： 1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如 love ,hate ,like ,care, please ,prefer ,know, believe, mind, want, wish ,forget, remember等 2)表存在、状态的动词，如have(拥有)，appear ,exist（存在） ,lie ,remain（保持） ,stand ,seem, belong属于）等 3)表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等. 4)表一时性的动词，如 agree, accept ,allow（允许） , decide ,end ,refuse（拒绝）, promise（承诺）等 三、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 （1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如： I was sixteen yesterday old last year. 我去年16岁。 He worked in a factory in 1986. 他1986年在一家工厂工作。 I met her in the street the day before yesterday. 前天我在街上遇见了她。 He often swam in the river when he was young. 他小时候常在河里游泳。 （2）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth.等时间状语从句。 What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？ I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。 I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。 （3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如： I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher. 你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。 注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完） 【练一练】 1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me. A. cooked, were ringing B. was cooking, rang C. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang 2.She _____when I______her yesterday. A.is sleeping ,called B.was sleeping,called C.slept,called D.was sleeping,was calling 3. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try 4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night. A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching 5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing 6. His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates. A. was getting B. gets C. is getting D. will get 7.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me A. did, heard B. did, didn’t hear C. was doing, heard D. was doing, didn’t hear 8.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate. A. did, made B. was doing, made C. was doing, was making D. did, was making 9.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______. A. were waiting, waiting B. were waiting, wait C. waited, waiting D. waited, wait 10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. A. helps B . would help C was helping D. is helping BBCAC ADCAC 四、when, as, while引导的时间状语从句 引导词 I was sleeping when it started to rain. 主句 从句 请你来找一找时间状语从句在哪？ As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 1. when , while , as when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间 while是during the time that，只指一段时间， a. 用法 when +点/段时间 +瞬间/延续性动词 主从动作可先可后可同时 while +段时间 +延续性动词 主从动作同时 as +点/段时间 +瞬间/延续性动词 主从动作同时 b. 常用时态： 时态 主句 从句 过去进行时 when+一般过去时 当一件事正在发生，另一件突然发生 一般过去时 while+过去进行时 过去进行时 while+过去进行时 对比 e.g. When the teacher came in, we were talking. While/When/As we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing while we were dancing. 注意：如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as， “一边......，一边......”。 e.g. He jumps as he goes along. As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. Unit8专项训练 一．单项选择。 ( ) 1. -Natural disasters are dangerous! -Yes,_____earthquake that happened in Philippines killed _______ number of people. A. the; the B. the; a C. an; the D. an; a ( ) 2. Which of the following words is a compound word like granddaughter? A. useless B. north-east C. illness D.incorrect ( ) 3. When the flood was washing the village, people screamed _______fear and ran ______all directions. A. in ; with B. with; in C. in; in D. with; with ( ) 4.There are______visitors to the wetland park, and the number is becoming__________now. A. thousand of, larger and larger B. thousands of, more and more C. thousands of, larger and larger D. thousand of, more and more ( )5. The boy felt very ______ and he fell ______ very soon . A. asleep ,asleep B.asleep ,sleepy C.sleepy , sleepy D.sleepy ,asleep ( )6. you know English is important, you should learn it harder. A. Since B. For C. Because of D. However ( )7. It’s reported that the seawater a lot of things, such as houses, cars and so on when the tsunami (海啸) came. A. put away B. threw away C. washed away D. took away ( ) 8. He kept telling himself____________. He knew he could do well if he tried. A. not to nervous B. not to be nervous C. don’t be nervous D. didn’t be nervous ( ) 9. -How did the accident happen? -The driver _________ on his mobile phone while driving. A. was talking B. talks C. will talk D. is reading ( )10. -Alice fell from the tree and hurt herself. -______________ A. Great! B. A good idea! C. Not at all. D. Sorry to hear that. 二、单词拼写。 A根据句意及汉语提示，写出正确的单词。 1.The ________________ (地震)in Japan caused Tsumani, over 20,000 people lost their lives. 2.Bill fell__________________(睡着) in class because he stayed up the night before. 3.My heart was__________________(跳) fast while I was making a speech in class. 4.I had a bad_______________(头痛) this morning, so I didn't attend the meeting. 5.The flood washed away a few______________(村庄), many people are homeless. B:首字母填空 Do you like the traffic in your city? There are too many accidents in big cities. Accidents often h 6 when people are not careful, especially when they're crossing the road on r 7 days. When it rains, people are in a hurry because they don’t want to get wet. Then accidents may happen at that time. Everyone knows that cars take m 8 time to stop when it's raining. So we must be more careful if we want to be s 9 . Remember everyone has only one 1ife and we must protect o 10 well. 6.___________7._____________8._____________9.____________10.____________ 三、选词填空。 find one’s way out make pancakes say to oneself as...as possible catch fire stay away from calm down clear the snow not....at all live 1. We must write ______ carefully _______________ when we do our homework. 2. Look!People_____________________________from the road so that they can walk safely. 3. ---_______ your mum _____________________in the kitchen at that time ? ---Yes , she was. 4. _____________________________ the stove(火炉), or you may get hurt. 5.At first I felt nervous, but soon I told myself ____________________________. 6.Thanks to the rescue team,we were still _______ after the terrible traffic accident. 7.It was dark around him. He ________________see anything ________________. 8.He kept _______________________ "Never give up". 9.It is natural to meet difficulties in our daily life.If we keep trying,we___________________________. 10.Wood_________________________easily,so we must remember to keep it away from fire. 一、BBCCD ACBAD 二、earthquake; asleep; beating; headache; villages Happen; rainy; more; safe; ourselves 三、as...as possible; are clearing the snow; Was ...making pancakes; Stay away from; to calm down; alive; didn’t... at all; saying to himself; will find our way out; catches fire 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$