专题20高频话题词汇检测小卷（科技与环境）-2025年高考英语词汇&语法限时检测小卷

专题20高频话题词汇检测小卷（科技与环境） （满分110分）（时间60分钟） 一、单词拼写（共 20个小题，每题1分） 1．Plant species are not the only forms of life (威胁) with extinction in the vast rainforest. 2．Medical facilities are being reorganized and (升级). 3．The most ancient parts of the continental (地壳) are 4000 million years old. 4．The mountain was covered with a (覆盖层) of snow. 5．They (注射) the drug directly into her bloodstream. 6．Nobody knows what’s going on—it’s a (噩梦)! 7．Their efforts to (苏醒) him were futile. 8．The achievement of her goals relied mainly on her (毅力). 9．These (有远见卓识的人) understood their future was online. 10．I’d like to discuss with you this (水平的) portion. 11．People like straight lines that are either vertical or (水平的). 12．The country’s president will offer delegates his (蓝图) for the country’s future. 13．DNA carries the genetic (蓝图)which tells any organism how to build itself. 14．But unlike those patients, Mr. Baldwin, 64, was able to find out, (迅速) and privately. 15．The (宽敞) kitchen was achieved by knocking together three small rooms. 16．The pilot managed to (滑翔) the plane down to a safe landing. 17．Swans are (略过) over the lake. 18．The bird (掠过) over the lake. 19．Need to (警惕) people that these analgesics are non-prescription drugs. 20．The (可能) is that unemployment figures will continue to fall. 二、单句语法填空（共 10个小题，每题1分） 21．From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity the unknown has kept us (adventure) into new places. 22． (follow) Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network (reach) as far as the Roman Empire. 23．This type of history book presents historical information in a way that is easily understood, sometimes with touch of humour, (seek) to inform and educate a wider audience about history. 24．All the dishes in the menu, unless otherwise (state), will serve two to three people. 25．With the letter (seal), the messenger prepared to deliver it. 26． (straight) both legs until they are fully extended. 27．Mr. Brooke is an (extreme) kind and generous man. 28．He was too distressed and (confuse) to answer their questions. 29．The method is (specific) designed for use in small groups. 30．With more forests (destroy), a lot of good earth is being washed away each year. 三、完形填空（每篇15分，共30分） （一） Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 31 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记). To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 32 . One organization that 33 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fit the collars 34 female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 35 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 36 , as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended 37 of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 38 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively 39 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 40 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 41 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 42 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 43 , for example, to monitor biodiversity. WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 44 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement. To account for these 45 , it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 31．A．flexibility B．diet C．movement D．behavior 32．A．fixed B．updated C．removed D．examined 33．A．opposed B．developed C．promoted D．adopted 34．A．enhanced B．harmed C．tested D．ensured 35．A．lasted B．matched C．failed D．bent 36．A．Therefore B．However C．Likewise D．Moreover 37．A．consequence B．mistake C．cause D．target 38．A．programmers B．photographers C．trackers D．officials 39．A．compared to B．translated into C．integrated into D．classified into 40．A．features B．sizes C．colors D．shapes 41．A．copied B．recognized C．erased D．marked 42．A．budget B．schedule C．blueprint D．database 43．A．purposes B．experiments C．solutions D．services 44．A．limitations B．losses C．challenges D．concerns 45．A．variations B．signs C．factors D．standards （二） July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot 46 . People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and 47 passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 48 ? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less 49 ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give 50 to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had 51 jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning 52 : Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 53 age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, 54 , they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans 55 , hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) 56 impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also 57 . In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who 58 being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that 59 your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel 60 about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 46．A．log in B．opt out C．show off D．hurry up 47．A．stranded B．responsible C．hesitant D．embarrassed 48．A．properly B．purposelessly C．continuously D．unwillingly 49．A．accessible B．casual C．dramatic D．dynamic 50．A．rise B．way C．priority D．insight 51．A．created B．switched C．completed D．evaluated 52．A．cause B．concept C．secret D．trend 53．A．rather than B．in case of C．according to D．regardless of 54．A．in practice B．as a result C．in short D．in addition 55．A．exists B．continues C．decreases D．emerges 56．A．negative B．powerful C．immediate D．significant 57．A．cease B．occur C．impress D．vary 58．A．occupied themselves with B．prided themselves on C．concentrated themselves on D．freed themselves of 59．A．lacks B．heightens C．threatens D．maintains 60．A．anxiously B．differently C．strongly D．oddly 四、语篇填空（每篇15分，共 30分） （一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wildlife presenter Steve Backshall said getting children connected with nature was “critical”, as he 61 (open) a new “forest school” in Northamptonshire. Cogenhoe Primary School invited the TV star to open its site while in the county for his live show on marine life (海洋生物). Backshall spent the day 62 (show) around the new outdoor classroom. The forest school now 63 (include) an insect hotel and areas for storytelling and construction. The primary school spent the day in learning about the planet and 64 (sustainable), as part of their “Cogenhoe Goes Wild” day. Charley Oldham, head teacher, said: “Something we are so 65 (passion) about is creating that lifelong love of natural spaces and nature. Children need the opportunity 66 (take) risks but in a safer environment to build their confidence and independence.” While Backshall is 67 (usual) seen dealing with dangerous animals, he helped the pupils 68 something much more relaxing — cooking marshmallows (棉花糖) over a campfire. He said: “I think it’s really critical for us to be connecting young people to nature as young as possible and experience nature in 69 really touchable way, and that’s exactly 70 this forest school does.” （二） The world’s first professional, multimodal large language model (LLM) for the field of lunar science has been released in China to 71 (significant) speed up the processing speed of massive amounts of lunar data. The new tool appeared 72 the first time at the China International Big Data Industry Expo in Guiyang, Guizhou, 73 was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Geochemistry and the Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group. So far, the Institute of Geochemistry 74 (build) a comprehensive “digital moon” platform with the world’s most complete bank of data 75 (associate) with the exploration of the moon. The LLM has created a “smart brain” for this digital moon. Ku Wei, vice president of the Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group, said that the LLM identifies lunar craters (陨石坑) and remembers them by size, 76 (deep) and shape to provide scientists with important bases for their study. There are over 1 million lunar craters with a diameter (直径) of over 1 kilometer, and countless smaller 77 (one). Identifying all lunar craters would be impossible if we were to rely on manpower alone. Input an image of a lunar crater 78 the LLM will determine its shape, size and age. The LLM is like 79 intelligent child. Scientists train and teach the child professional things. We believe it’ll continue to grow, 80 (assist) us to solve more scientific problems. 五、阅读理解（每篇10分，共 20分） （一） The conversational tone of an AI chatbot or voice-based assistant is a good way to learn new concepts, but it may actually make us more willing to believe inaccuracies, compared with information presented in a static (静态的) article. To investigate this issue, Sonja Utz from Germany asked 1,200 participants to engage with one of three formats. The first involved text appearing letter by letter in the style of a large model, similar to ChatGPT; the second provided information through a voice-based device; and the third was a static, text-based copy of content. Participants couldn’t interact with the systems as they might with the real versions, in order to keep the experience consistent across the study. In some cases, participants were given accurate information, while in others, they saw factual errors. Some of these errors were plain wrong, such as naming Sofia as the capital of France, but others involved certain statements that were contradicted elsewhere in the same response. Participants were asked to rate the accuracy of the information on a seven-point scale, where7 is entirely accurate. In the answers where errors were introduced, the information presented in a static format was rated as 4.24 on average. The ChatGPT-like system managed 4.76, while the voice assistant scored 5.29. Participants rated all of the systems higher for answers where no errors were introduced, but the differences were smaller for the voice assistant and chatbot. “People find conversational chat agents more convincing because humans seem to be hardwired to assign credibility to things that seem lifelike,” says Mike Katell from UK. “The way the chatbots and voice agents are programmed to use a friendly and helpful conversational tone also confuses people. Chatbot makers are trying to put users at ease, which is achieved through believable content and inoffensive delivery.” People have learned that these models generate false information sometimes. “But people don’t realize that this interaction mode makes us tend to believe whatever is written there.” Utz says. “That should be in media literacy training.” 81．What was the main focus of Sonja Utz’s study? A．Features of AI chatbots or voice-based assistants. B．People’s preference for information sources. C．Why static articles differ from conversational content. D．How text formats influence information trustworthiness. 82．In paragraph 3, text errors in the study can be summarized as________ A．inevitable and conflicting B．minor and common C．obvious and internally inconsistent D．repetitive and randomly selected 83．According to Mike Katell, which of the following is NOT a reason why people find conversational chat agents more convincing? A．People’s inborn trust in lifelike things. B．Inoffensive delivery of personalized content. C．The chatbot’s use of a gentle conversational tone. D．The makers’ intention to make users feel relaxed. 84．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．Utz suggests people improve media awareness and competence. B．People’s preference for lifelike things may be overstated. C．How information is presented doesn’t affect how much we believe it. D．The research results are uncertain due to the lack of man-system interaction. （二） Lately, it is getting harder and harder to find clothes that aren’t laced (镶边) with plastic. When you check a garment’s fabric composition, it’s not uncommon to be confronted by a list of scientific words, which refer to various types of plastic. However, too few realize that unless you’re paying close attention, most of your cupboard contains a whole lot of plastic. Often it is invisible, like the microplastics shed by synthetic (合成的) materials; while you may never see them, they have been found at the bottom of the ocean and in human blood. So why do we continue to use plastics? The main reason is, of course, cost. The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating an apparent incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. Moreover, making synthetic materials isn’t dependent on seasons or farms affected by rainfall or heatwaves, as is the case with cotton and wool. You’ve likely seen a lot of brands promoting themselves as sustainable by using plastic bottles to make their clothes. But the problem is, our plastic-based textile economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment. Textiles made from plastic fibers are responsible for microplastic fiber shedding at every stage of their lives: when they’re worn, washed, and disposed of. These microplastics enter the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Plus, clothing made from plastic bottles can actually shorten its life cycle. When a bottle is transformed into clothing, it often accelerates that bottle’s journey to the landfill because we purchase and abandon our clothing at such a rapid pace. While the hidden story of plastic in our clothes doesn’t have the happiest of endings, we can each take measures. Reduce our overall consumption of clothing and textile products and extend the life of our favorite garment. Learning to mend can be a game-changer. When we do make textile purchases, buy and wear natural fiber products, especially those originating from land-based production systems that are working to restore and build ecosystem and soil health. 85．What can we learn about plastic from the first paragraph? A．It is widely used in our clothes. B．It is impossible to enter our body. C．It is a rare material for clothing. D．It is always noticeable in clothing. 86．What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Problem. B．Difference. C．Concept. D．Motive. 87．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The marketing strategies of clothing brands. B．The sustainability of plastic bottle recycling. C．The environmental impact of plastic clothing. D．The process of making plastic-based clothes. 88．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．We Might Consume Too Much B．Measures Benefit Consumers C．We Might Wear Plastic Bottles D．Plastics Promote Economy 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题20高频话题词汇检测小卷（科技与环境） （满分110分）（时间60分钟） 一、单词拼写（共 20个小题，每题1分） 1．Plant species are not the only forms of life (威胁) with extinction in the vast rainforest. 【答案】threatened 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在这片广袤的雨林中，植物物种并不是唯一面临灭绝威胁的生命形式。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰the only forms of life，根据提示的汉语，表示“威胁”应为threaten，与被修饰词之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填threatened。 2．Medical facilities are being reorganized and (升级). 【答案】upgraded 【详解】考查动词。句意：医疗设施正在进行重组和升级。and连接并列的成分，根据前面的reorganized可知，空处应用动词。根据汉语提示，这里应用upgrade，为及物动词，和主语Medical facilities之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且前面有are being，所以空处应用过去分词。故填upgraded。 3．The most ancient parts of the continental (地壳) are 4000 million years old. 【答案】crust 【详解】考查名词。句意：大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年的历史。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“地壳”应为crust，结合句意，此处特指的是大陆地壳最古老的部分，所以使用名词单数。故填crust。 4．The mountain was covered with a (覆盖层) of snow. 【答案】mantle 【详解】考查名词。句意：山上覆盖着一层雪。此处应为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“覆盖层”应为mantle，a mantle of snow意为“一层雪”。故填mantle。 5．They (注射) the drug directly into her bloodstream. 【答案】injected 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们直接将药物注射到她的血液中。根据汉语提示“注射”以及句子结构可知，此空在句子中作谓语，结合语境可知此处表示一般过去时，应填动词过去式形式。inject意为“注射”，符合语境，其过去式为injected。故填injected。 6．Nobody knows what’s going on—it’s a (噩梦)! 【答案】nightmare 【详解】考查名词。句意：没人知道发生了什么，这简直是一场噩梦。空处应用名词作表语。根据汉语提示，这里应用nightmare，为可数名词，空前有a，这里用名词单数。故填nightmare。 7．Their efforts to (苏醒) him were futile. 【答案】revive 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们试图救活他的努力是徒劳的。空前有不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形，构成不定式作后置定语，修饰efforts。根据汉语提示，这里应用revive，在句中作及物动词。故填revive。 8．The achievement of her goals relied mainly on her (毅力). 【答案】perseverance 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的目标的实现主要依靠她的毅力。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“毅力”应为perseverance，且为不可数名词。故填perseverance。 9．These (有远见卓识的人) understood their future was online. 【答案】visionaries 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些梦想家明白，他们的未来在于网络。有远见卓识的人为“ visionary”且有these修饰，此处为复数名词visionaries“有远见卓识的人”作主语，满足句意要求。故填visionaries。 10．I’d like to discuss with you this (水平的) portion. 【答案】horizontal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我想和你讨论这个水平部分。根据汉语提示，表示“水平的”用形容词horizontal，结合句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，修饰名词portion，故填horizontal。 11．People like straight lines that are either vertical or (水平的). 【答案】horizontal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们喜欢垂直或水平的直线。根据中文提示可知，表示“水平的”应用horizontal，为形容词，在本句中作表语，符合句意。故填horizontal。 12．The country’s president will offer delegates his (蓝图) for the country’s future. 【答案】blueprint 【详解】考查名词。句意：该国总统将向代表们提供该国未来的蓝图。根据汉语提示，这里应用blueprint，为可数名词。根据for the country’s future可知，这里特指该国未来的蓝图，应用名词单数，在句中作宾语。offer sb. sth.意为“给某人提供某物”。故填blueprint。 13．DNA carries the genetic (蓝图)which tells any organism how to build itself. 【答案】blueprint 【详解】考查名词。句意：DNA携带的基因蓝图告诉任何生物体如何构建自己。根据空格前的形容词genetic可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“蓝图”是blueprint，为可数名词。故填blueprint。 14．But unlike those patients, Mr. Baldwin, 64, was able to find out, (迅速) and privately. 【答案】swiftly 【详解】考查副词。句意：但与其他患者不同，64岁的鲍德温先生能迅速地、悄悄地找到答案。结合“and privately”可知，“迅速”应用副词swiftly，作状语，侧重动作的迅速和敏捷。故填swiftly。 15．The (宽敞) kitchen was achieved by knocking together three small rooms. 【答案】spacious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个宽敞的厨房是由三个小屋子打通连成的。“宽敞”应用形容词spacious，作修饰kitchen的定语。故填spacious。 16．The pilot managed to (滑翔) the plane down to a safe landing. 【答案】glide 【详解】考查动词。句意：飞行员设法使飞机滑行至安全着陆。空前有不定式符号to，空处应用动词原形。根据汉语提示，这里应用glide。故填glide。 17．Swans are (略过) over the lake. 【答案】gliding 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：天鹅在湖面上滑翔。根据汉语提示可知，可用动词glide表示“略过、滑翔”，再根据空格前的are可是，本句时态用现在进行时表示正在发生的动作，即用be+doing结构。故填gliding。 18．The bird (掠过) over the lake. 【答案】glided 【详解】考查动词。句意：鸟儿掠过湖面上空。“掠过”应用动词glide，作谓语，且句子在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填glided。 19．Need to (警惕) people that these analgesics are non-prescription drugs. 【答案】alert 【详解】考查动词。句意：需要提醒人们这些镇痛药是非处方药。“警惕”应用动词alert，alert sb. that表示“提醒某人……”，且此处用need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，alert应用原形。故填alert。 20．The (可能) is that unemployment figures will continue to fall. 【答案】likelihood 【详解】考查名词。句意：失业率可能会继续下降。“可能”应用名词likelihood，作主语，为不可数名词。故填likelihood。 二、单句语法填空（共 10个小题，每题1分） 21．From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity the unknown has kept us (adventure) into new places. 【答案】 about adventuring 【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：从人类在地球上生活的早期，我们对未知的好奇心使我们不断地探索新的地方。名词curiosity后用介词about是固定搭配，第一个空格处填about；us与动词adventure之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语，第二个空格处用adventuring作补足语。故填about；adventuring。 22． (follow) Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network (reach) as far as the Roman Empire. 【答案】 Following reaching 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在张的努力下，贸易路线形成，当时主要大国之间的关系得到加强，航线网络最远到达罗马帝国。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，follow与逻辑主语trade routes之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写；第二空为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处为非谓语动词作宾补，reach与宾语the routes network之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填①Following②reaching。 23．This type of history book presents historical information in a way that is easily understood, sometimes with touch of humour, (seek) to inform and educate a wider audience about history. 【答案】 a seeking 【详解】考查冠词和非谓语动词。句意：这种类型的历史书以一种易于理解的方式呈现历史信息，有时带有一丝幽默，试图向更广泛的受众传达和教育历史。a touch of...意为“一点，少许”，为固定搭配。本句中的主干是This type of history book presents historical information in a way，所以第二空应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语This type of history book和seek之间是主谓关系，且这里表示伴随，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填a；seeking。 24．All the dishes in the menu, unless otherwise (state), will serve two to three people. 【答案】stated 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非另有说明，否则菜单上的所有菜肴都可以供两到三个人食用。unless引导的条件状语从句中省略了和主句相同的主语dishes和be动词are，完整的从句为unless they are otherwise stated 。故填stated。 25．With the letter (seal), the messenger prepared to deliver it. 【答案】sealed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：信封好后，送信人准备送信。此处是with的复合结构，因为seal和宾语the letter之间是被动关系，所以用提示词的过去分词形式sealed作宾补。故填sealed。 26． (straight) both legs until they are fully extended. 【答案】Straighten 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：伸直双腿，直到它们完全伸展。until引导状语从句，主句是祈使句，动词原形开头。straight动词是straighten，表示“伸直”，位于句首首字母大写。故填Straighten。 27．Mr. Brooke is an (extreme) kind and generous man. 【答案】extremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：布鲁克先生是一个非常善良和慷慨的人。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词kind和generous，应用副词extremely意为“极其，非常”，作状语。故填extremely。 28．He was too distressed and (confuse) to answer their questions. 【答案】confused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他太痛苦和困惑了，以至于无法回答他们的问题。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作表语，表示人的状态，需用confuse的过去分词confused形式作表语。故填confused。 29．The method is (specific) designed for use in small groups. 【答案】specifically 【详解】考查副词。句意：这种方法是专门为小组使用而设计的。分析句子可知，空处应填副词修饰动词designed，因此使用specific的副词形式specifically意为“专门地，特意地”。故填specifically。 30．With more forests (destroy), a lot of good earth is being washed away each year. 【答案】being destroyed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：随着越来越多的森林被破坏，每年都有很多肥沃的土地被冲走。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，destroy与宾语more forests之间为被动关系，结合句意和谓语动词“is being washed away”可知，此处表示“正遭受破坏”，所以此处使用现在分词的被动语态。故填being destroyed。 三、完形填空（每篇15分，共30分） （一） Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 31 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记). To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 32 . One organization that 33 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fit the collars 34 female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 35 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 36 , as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended 37 of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 38 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively 39 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 40 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 41 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 42 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 43 , for example, to monitor biodiversity. WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 44 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement. To account for these 45 , it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 31．A．flexibility B．diet C．movement D．behavior 32．A．fixed B．updated C．removed D．examined 33．A．opposed B．developed C．promoted D．adopted 34．A．enhanced B．harmed C．tested D．ensured 35．A．lasted B．matched C．failed D．bent 36．A．Therefore B．However C．Likewise D．Moreover 37．A．consequence B．mistake C．cause D．target 38．A．programmers B．photographers C．trackers D．officials 39．A．compared to B．translated into C．integrated into D．classified into 40．A．features B．sizes C．colors D．shapes 41．A．copied B．recognized C．erased D．marked 42．A．budget B．schedule C．blueprint D．database 43．A．purposes B．experiments C．solutions D．services 44．A．limitations B．losses C．challenges D．concerns 45．A．variations B．signs C．factors D．standards 【答案】 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．C 39．B 40．A 41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效监测濒危物种的重要性，以及传统监测方法与现代技术（如无线电标记和脚印识别技术）在野生动物监测中的应用和挑战。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究野生动物的行动、活动范围和习性对于确保它们的栖息地免受开发和非法猎杀至关重要。A. flexibility灵活性；B. diet饮食；C. movement运动；D. behavior行为。根据空后“range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters.”以及“Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging(无线电标记).”可推测，本段讲述的是检测动物，由此可知空处指的是野生动物的活动。故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为此，首先需要捕获单个动物，以便为它们佩戴项圈。A. fixed固定；B. updated更新；C. removed移除；D. examined检查。根据上文“Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging(无线电标记).”可知，传统的检测动物的方式包括无线电标记。由此可推测，首先要将动物捕获，然后给动物佩戴项圈，从而实现无线电检测故选A。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：采用这种技术的组织之一是WildTrack。A. opposed反对；B. developed开发；C. promoted促进、提升；D. adopted采纳。根据下文“In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia.”可知，该组织采用了这种方法。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，团队很快意识到，用于使犀牛昏迷以便佩戴项圈的化学物质损害了雌性犀牛的生育能力。A. enhanced提高；B. harmed伤害；C. tested测试；D. ensured确保。根据上下文可知，这里指的是项圈的坏处。再根据空前的“the chemicals”可推测，这种化学物质损害了雌性犀牛的生育能力。故选B。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，有很大一部分无线电项圈在最初6个月内就失效了，不得不进行更换。A. lasted持续；B. matched匹配；C. failed失败、失效；D. bent弯曲。根据下文“had to be replaced”可知，无线电项圈6个月内就失效需要更换。故选C。 36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，随着动物的成长，项圈会收紧，令它们感到烦恼甚至受伤。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Likewise同样地；D. Moreover此外。根据上文可知，上文提到了项圈的坏处；而空后“as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them.”则进一步提出了项圈不好的方面。故选D。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法成本高昂，并产生了改变犀牛行为的意外后果，导致收集的数据不可靠。A. consequence后果；B. mistake错误；C. cause原因；D. target目标。根据空后“altering the rhinos’ behavior”可知，这种方法有改变犀牛行为的意外后果。而这样的结果则会导致收集的数据不可靠。故选A。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，该团队还与当地的追踪者合作。A. programmers程序员；B. photographers摄影师；C. trackers追踪者；D. officials官员。根据下文“Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints.”可知，该团队与当地的动物追踪者合作。故选C。 39．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，该团队很想知道追踪者的知识是否可以被有效地转化为一种计算机化的技术，用于监测动物的活动。A. compared to与……相比；B. translated into翻译为、转化为；C. integrated into融合；D. classified into分类为。根据空前“the trackers’ knowledge”以及空后“a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement”可推测，空处指的是将追踪者的知识转化为计算机化的技术。故选B。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每个物种中，每个个体都有自己独特的脚部特征。A. features特征；B. sizes大小；C. colors颜色；D. shapes形状。根据下文“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be ______ whenever it is sighted again.”可知，物种个体有独特的脚部特征。故选A。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一只动物被看到并识别过一次，并且其脚印的特征被适当地拍照和测量，那么每当它再次被看到时，其脚印就可以被识别出来。A. copied复制；B. recognized识别；C. erased擦除；D. marked标记。根据上文内容可知，物种个体有独特的脚部特征。再根据从句“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured”可推测，既然每个物种个体有独特的脚部特征，那么一旦这个脚印被记录和保存，那么再被观察到时，其脚印可以被识别出。故选B。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这一步骤被反复进行，保护主义者就可以建立一个数据库，涵盖种群中全部或至少大部分个体的信息。A. budget预算；B. schedule时间表；C. blueprint蓝图；D. database数据库。根据上文内容可知，物种个体有独特的脚部特征。而不断地进行记录保存脚印，时间久了就可以建立数据库，从而涵盖种群中全部或至少大部分个体的信息。故选D。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：收集到的数据可以用于多种目的，例如监测生物多样性。A. purposes目的；B. experiments实验；C. solutions解决方法；D. services服务。根据下文“for example, to monitor biodiversity.”可知，数据可以用于多种目的。故选A。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据地面的类型、湿度以及动物的移动情况，每次动物将脚放在地上时，都会留下略有不同的脚印，因此，从脚印中识别动物并非没有挑战。A. limitations限制；B. losses损失；C. challenges挑战；D. concerns担忧。根据下文“as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement”可知，由于地面的类型、湿度以及动物的移动情况，每次动物将脚放在地上时，都会留下略有不同的脚印。由此可知，从脚印中识别动物是具有挑战性的。故选C。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了考虑这些变化，有必要在各种地面上从每只动物身上收集多个脚印。A. variations变化；B. signs迹象；C. factors因素；D. standards标准。根据上文“Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its ______ , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement.”可知，根据地面的类型、湿度以及动物的移动情况，每次动物将脚放在地上时，都会留下略有不同的脚印。因此为了考虑这些变化，有必要在各种地面上从每只动物身上收集多个脚印。故选A。 （二） July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot 46 . People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and 47 passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 48 ? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less 49 ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give 50 to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had 51 jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning 52 : Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 53 age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, 54 , they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans 55 , hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) 56 impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also 57 . In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who 58 being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that 59 your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel 60 about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 46．A．log in B．opt out C．show off D．hurry up 47．A．stranded B．responsible C．hesitant D．embarrassed 48．A．properly B．purposelessly C．continuously D．unwillingly 49．A．accessible B．casual C．dramatic D．dynamic 50．A．rise B．way C．priority D．insight 51．A．created B．switched C．completed D．evaluated 52．A．cause B．concept C．secret D．trend 53．A．rather than B．in case of C．according to D．regardless of 54．A．in practice B．as a result C．in short D．in addition 55．A．exists B．continues C．decreases D．emerges 56．A．negative B．powerful C．immediate D．significant 57．A．cease B．occur C．impress D．vary 58．A．occupied themselves with B．prided themselves on C．concentrated themselves on D．freed themselves of 59．A．lacks B．heightens C．threatens D．maintains 60．A．anxiously B．differently C．strongly D．oddly 【答案】 46．A 47．A 48．A 49．C 50．C 51．B 52．D 53．D 54．A 55．C 56．A 57．D 58．B 59．C 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“机器和人工智能对工作质量和员工感受的影响”这一主题展开讨论，通过引用多个研究案例和分析，探讨了机器在出现故障和正常运转时对工作的影响，以及自动化和人工智能在不同行业中的应用对员工感受和工作质量的潜在影响。 46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数白领都悲伤地看着他们的屏幕，意识到如果他们不能登录，他们是多么没用。A. log in登录；B. opt out选择退出；C. show off炫耀；D. hurry up赶快。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages”提到电脑中断，由此可知，此处应表示白领意识到他们不能登录电脑。故选A项。 47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。A. stranded滞留的；B. responsible负责的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages in…airports”提到机场的电脑中断，以及下文“passengers”由此可知，此处应表示IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。 故选A项。 48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果机器可以在某些工作失败的时候给它们增加意义，那么当它们正常工作的时候呢？A. properly正常地；B. purposelessly无目的地；C. continuously持续不断地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据上文“If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail”提到工作失败的时候，由此可知，此处应表示机器正常工作的时候，和上文的fail形成呼应。故选A项。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目，而是一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色。A. accessible可进入的；B. casual随意的；C. dramatic引人注目的；D. dynamic动态的。根据下文“task by task rather than role by role”提到一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色，由此可推知，此处应表示技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目。故选C项。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励，比如工作兴趣和敬业度。A. rise增加；B. way方式；C. priority优先；D. insight视野，洞察力。根据下文“such as job interest and engagement”提到工作兴趣和敬业度，以及下文“they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits”由此可推知。此处应表示许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励。故选C项。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人，以了解他们是否以及为什么认为自己的新工作更好。A. created创造；B. switched转变；C. completed完成；D. evaluated评估。根据下文“find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better”提到新工作，由此可知，此处应表示最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人。故选B项。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. cause原因；B. concept概念；C. secret秘密；D. trend趋势。根据下文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 　　　　 age, gender, skills and the type of work.”可知，此处应表示一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势。故选D项。 53．考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. rather than而不是；B. in case of万一；C. according to根据；D. regardless of不管，不顾。根据上文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board”以及下文“age, gender, skills and the type of work”由此可知，此处应表示工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。故选D项。 54．考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，但在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。A. in practice实践中；B. as a result结果；C. in short简而言之；D. in addition此外。根据上文“While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks”提到机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，由此可知，此处应表示在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。和上文中的theoretically“理论上”形成呼应。故选A项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，对人类开放的任务数量减少了，这既损害了工作的多样性，也损害了人们对生产过程的理解。A. exists存在；B. continues继续；C. decreases减少；D. emerges出现。根据上文“They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding.”提到工业机器人减少了对体力的要求。由此可知，此处应表示对人类开放的任务数量减少了。故选C项。 56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，机器并不总是有负面影响。A. negative负面的；B. powerful有力量的；C. immediate立刻的；D. significant有意义的。根据下文“For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients.”提到机器的有利一面，由此可知，此处应表示机器并不总是有负面影响。故选A项。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。A. cease停止；B. occur发生；C. impress使留下深刻印象；D. vary不同。根据下文“one that _____ your sense of identity is not.”由此可知，此处应表示消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。故选D项。 58．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在一项测试顾客对一套厨具的不同描述的反应的实验中，那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。A. occupied themselves with忙于，专注于；B. prided themselves on以……为傲；C. concentrated themselves on专注于；D. freed themselves of使某人摆脱。根据句意以及下文“…skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button”由此可知，此处应表示那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。prided themselves on“以……为傲”。故选B项。 59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项减少无聊任务的技术是好的；但威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。A. lacks缺乏；B. heightens提高；C. threatens威胁；D. maintains保持。根据上文“A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine”以及下文“your sense of identity is not”由此可知，此处应表示威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。故选C项。 60．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然现在就知道人工智能将如何影响工作质量还为时过早，但有一点是明确的：机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. differently不同地；C. strongly强烈地；D. oddly奇怪的是。根据上文“Consumer reactions to automation can also vary.”提到消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。由此可推知，此处应表示机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。故选B项。 四、语篇填空（每篇15分，共 30分） （一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wildlife presenter Steve Backshall said getting children connected with nature was “critical”, as he 61 (open) a new “forest school” in Northamptonshire. Cogenhoe Primary School invited the TV star to open its site while in the county for his live show on marine life (海洋生物). Backshall spent the day 62 (show) around the new outdoor classroom. The forest school now 63 (include) an insect hotel and areas for storytelling and construction. The primary school spent the day in learning about the planet and 64 (sustainable), as part of their “Cogenhoe Goes Wild” day. Charley Oldham, head teacher, said: “Something we are so 65 (passion) about is creating that lifelong love of natural spaces and nature. Children need the opportunity 66 (take) risks but in a safer environment to build their confidence and independence.” While Backshall is 67 (usual) seen dealing with dangerous animals, he helped the pupils 68 something much more relaxing — cooking marshmallows (棉花糖) over a campfire. He said: “I think it’s really critical for us to be connecting young people to nature as young as possible and experience nature in 69 really touchable way, and that’s exactly 70 this forest school does.” 【答案】 61．opened 62．being shown 63．includes 64．sustainability 65．passionate 66．to take 67．usually 68．with 69．a 70．what 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了生动物节目主持人史蒂夫・巴克肖尔（Steve Backshall）受邀参加科根霍小学（Cogenhoe Primary School）新“森林学校”的开幕活动当天学校开展的相关活动、校长的发言以及史蒂夫・巴克肖尔的观点。 61．考查一般过去时。句意：野生动物主持人Steve Backshall表示，让孩子们与大自然建立联系是“至关重要的”，因为他在北安普敦郡开设了一所新的“森林学校”。此处描述过去发生的动作，空处应为一般过去时态，故填opened。 62．考查被动语态。句意：Backshall花了一天时间参观新的户外教室。spend time (in) doing sth. 是固定用法，表示“花时间做某事”，Backshall与空处为被动关系，故填being shown。 63．考查动词。句意：森林学校现在包括一家昆虫旅馆和讲故事和建设的区域。根据now可知句子描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语The forest school是第三人称单数，故填includes。 64．考查名词。句意：小学部花了一天时间学习地球和可持续发展，这是他们“Cogenhoe Goes Wild”日的一部分。此处and连接两个并列的名词，与planet并列，作learning about的宾语，sustainable是形容词，其名词形式为sustainability，故填sustainability。 65．考查形容词。句意：校长Charley Oldham说：“我们非常热衷的事情是创造对自然空间和自然的终生热爱。be passionate about是固定短语，意为“对……充满热情”，空处为形容词作表语，故填passionate。 66．考查不定式。句意：孩子们需要有机会冒险，但在更安全的环境中建立他们的信心和独立性。the opportunity to do sth.表示“做某事的机会”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰opportunity。故填to take。 67．考查副词。句意：虽然人们经常看到Backshall与危险的动物打交道，但他帮助学生们做了一些更轻松的事情——在篝火上煮棉花糖。此处修饰动词seen，要用副词形式，usual是形容词，其副词形式为usually，故填usually。 68．考查介词。句意：虽然人们经常看到Backshall与危险的动物打交道，但他帮助学生们做了一些更轻松的事情——在篝火上煮棉花糖。help sb. with sth.是固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，故填with。 69．考查冠词。句意：他说：“我认为，让我们尽可能年轻地将年轻人与大自然联系起来，并以一种真正可触摸的方式体验大自然，这对我们来说真的很关键，而这正是这所森林学校所做的。”way是可数名词且为辅音因素开头的单词，此处表示“一种”，用不定冠a表示泛指，故填a。 70．考查表语从句。句意：他说：“我认为，让我们尽可能年轻地将年轻人与大自然联系起来，并以一种真正可触摸的方式体验大自然，这对我们来说真的很关键，而这正是这所森林学校所做的。”此处是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代“森林学校所做的事情”，用what引导表语从句。故填what。 （二） The world’s first professional, multimodal large language model (LLM) for the field of lunar science has been released in China to 71 (significant) speed up the processing speed of massive amounts of lunar data. The new tool appeared 72 the first time at the China International Big Data Industry Expo in Guiyang, Guizhou, 73 was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Geochemistry and the Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group. So far, the Institute of Geochemistry 74 (build) a comprehensive “digital moon” platform with the world’s most complete bank of data 75 (associate) with the exploration of the moon. The LLM has created a “smart brain” for this digital moon. Ku Wei, vice president of the Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group, said that the LLM identifies lunar craters (陨石坑) and remembers them by size, 76 (deep) and shape to provide scientists with important bases for their study. There are over 1 million lunar craters with a diameter (直径) of over 1 kilometer, and countless smaller 77 (one). Identifying all lunar craters would be impossible if we were to rely on manpower alone. Input an image of a lunar crater 78 the LLM will determine its shape, size and age. The LLM is like 79 intelligent child. Scientists train and teach the child professional things. We believe it’ll continue to grow, 80 (assist) us to solve more scientific problems. 【答案】 71．significantly 72．for 73．which 74．has built 75．associated 76．depth 77．ones 78．and 79．an 80．assisting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球首个月球科学多模态大模型的发布及其功能，该工具通过识别月球陨石坑的特征，显著提升月球数据处理效率，为科学研究提供重要支持。 71．考查副词。句意：全球首个月球科学多模态专业大模型（LLM）在国内发布，以显著提高海量月球数据的处理速度。空处修饰动词短语speed up，应用significant的副词形式significantly，意为“显著地”。故填significantly。 72．考查介词。句意：该新工具首次出现在中国科学院地球化学研究所和阿里云在贵州贵阳举办的中国国际大数据产业博览会上。for the first time为固定短语，意为“首次”。故填for。 73．考查定语从句。句意：该新工具首次出现在中国科学院地球化学研究所和阿里云在贵州贵阳举办的中国国际大数据产业博览会上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the China International Big Data Industry Expo作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 74．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，地球化学研究所已经建立了一个全面的“数字月球”平台，拥有世界上最完整的月球探测相关数据库。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“So far”可知，时态应用现在完成时，主语the Institute of Geochemistry是单数，助动词应用has。故填has built。 75．考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，地球化学研究所已经建立了一个全面的“数字月球”平台，拥有世界上最完整的月球探测相关数据库。空处已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作data的后置定语，短语associate sth. with sth.意为“把……和……联系起来”，associate和data逻辑上是被动关系，因此用associate的过去分词形式。故填associated。 76．考查名词。句意：阿里云副总裁顾伟表示，LLM识别月球陨石坑，并根据大小、深度和形状记住它们，为科学家的研究提供了重要的基础。空处和size及shape并列，作介词by的宾语，应用deep的名词形式depth，意为“深度”。故填depth。 77．考查代词的数。句意：月球上有超过100万个直径超过1公里的陨石坑，还有无数较小的陨石坑。根据“countless”可知，空处应用one的复数形式。故填ones。 78．考查连词。句意：输入月球陨石坑的图像，LLM将确定其形状，大小和年龄。空前为祈使句，空后为简单句，固定结构“祈使句+and+简单句”符合题意，表示如果执行了祈使句中的行为，那么接下来的陈述句所描述的结果就会发生。故填and。 79．考查冠词。句意：LLM就像一个聪明的孩子。空处表示泛指，意为“一个聪明的孩子”，应用不定冠词，且intelligent的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 80．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们相信它会继续发展，帮助我们解决更多的科学问题。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，assist“帮助”和it逻辑上是主动关系，因此用assist的现在分词形式，作状语。故填assisting。 五、阅读理解（每篇10分，共 20分） （一） The conversational tone of an AI chatbot or voice-based assistant is a good way to learn new concepts, but it may actually make us more willing to believe inaccuracies, compared with information presented in a static (静态的) article. To investigate this issue, Sonja Utz from Germany asked 1,200 participants to engage with one of three formats. The first involved text appearing letter by letter in the style of a large model, similar to ChatGPT; the second provided information through a voice-based device; and the third was a static, text-based copy of content. Participants couldn’t interact with the systems as they might with the real versions, in order to keep the experience consistent across the study. In some cases, participants were given accurate information, while in others, they saw factual errors. Some of these errors were plain wrong, such as naming Sofia as the capital of France, but others involved certain statements that were contradicted elsewhere in the same response. Participants were asked to rate the accuracy of the information on a seven-point scale, where7 is entirely accurate. In the answers where errors were introduced, the information presented in a static format was rated as 4.24 on average. The ChatGPT-like system managed 4.76, while the voice assistant scored 5.29. Participants rated all of the systems higher for answers where no errors were introduced, but the differences were smaller for the voice assistant and chatbot. “People find conversational chat agents more convincing because humans seem to be hardwired to assign credibility to things that seem lifelike,” says Mike Katell from UK. “The way the chatbots and voice agents are programmed to use a friendly and helpful conversational tone also confuses people. Chatbot makers are trying to put users at ease, which is achieved through believable content and inoffensive delivery.” People have learned that these models generate false information sometimes. “But people don’t realize that this interaction mode makes us tend to believe whatever is written there.” Utz says. “That should be in media literacy training.” 81．What was the main focus of Sonja Utz’s study? A．Features of AI chatbots or voice-based assistants. B．People’s preference for information sources. C．Why static articles differ from conversational content. D．How text formats influence information trustworthiness. 82．In paragraph 3, text errors in the study can be summarized as________ A．inevitable and conflicting B．minor and common C．obvious and internally inconsistent D．repetitive and randomly selected 83．According to Mike Katell, which of the following is NOT a reason why people find conversational chat agents more convincing? A．People’s inborn trust in lifelike things. B．Inoffensive delivery of personalized content. C．The chatbot’s use of a gentle conversational tone. D．The makers’ intention to make users feel relaxed. 84．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．Utz suggests people improve media awareness and competence. B．People’s preference for lifelike things may be overstated. C．How information is presented doesn’t affect how much we believe it. D．The research results are uncertain due to the lack of man-system interaction. 【答案】81．D 82．C 83．B 84．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于人工智能聊天机器人或语音助手的对话式语气可能使人们更愿意相信不准确信息的研究，通过具体的实验数据和专家观点来解释和说明这一现象，旨在提高人们对媒介素养的认识。 81．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The conversational tone of an AI chatbot or voice-based assistant is a good way to learn new concepts, but it may actually make us more willing to believe inaccuracies, compared with information presented in a static(静态的) article.(人工智能聊天机器人或语音助手的对话式语气是学习新概念的好方法，但与静态文章中呈现的信息相比，它可能会让我们更愿意相信不准确的内容。)”以及第二段“To investigate this issue, Sonja Utz from Germany asked 1,200 participants to engage with one of three formats.(为了研究这个问题，来自德国的Sonja Utz邀请了1200名参与者参与三种不同形式的互动。)”可知，Sonja Utz研究主要关注的是文本格式（如静态文本、ChatGPT式的动态文本和语音助手）如何影响人们对信息的信任度。故选D。 82．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In some cases, participants were given accurate information, while in others, they saw factual errors. Some of these errors were plain wrong, such as naming Sofia as the capital of France, but others involved certain statements that were contradicted elsewhere in the same response.(在某些情况下，参与者会收到准确的信息，而在其他情况下，他们则会看到事实错误。其中一些错误显然是错误的，比如将索菲亚命名为法国的首都，而其他错误则涉及在同一条回复中的其他位置相互矛盾的陈述。)”可知，第三段提到文本错误的两种类型：一种是明显的错误，如将索菲亚命名为法国的首都；另一种是内部不一致的错误，即在同一回答中的其他位置存在相互矛盾的陈述。也就是说，研究中的文本错误可以总结为明显的和内部不一致的。故选C。 83．细节理解题。根据文章第五段““People find conversational chat agents more convincing because humans seem to be hardwired to assign credibility to things that seem lifelike,” says Mike Katell from UK. “The way the chatbots and voice agents are programmed to use a friendly and helpful conversational tone also confuses people. Chatbot makers are trying to put users at ease, which is achieved through believable content and inoffensive delivery.”(“人们发现对话式聊天代理更具说服力，因为人类似乎天生就会对那些看起来逼真的事物赋予可信度，”来自英国的Mike Katell说道。“聊天机器人和语音助手被编程成使用友好且有帮助的对话语气，这也让人们感到困惑。聊天机器人制造商试图让用户感到轻松，这是通过可信的内容和不带冒犯性的表达方式来实现的。”)”可推测，选项B“Inoffensive delivery of personalized content.(个性化内容的无冒犯性传递。)”在Mike Katell的观点中并未提及。根据Mike Katell的观点，人们认为对话式聊天代理更具说服力的原因中，不包括个性化内容的无冒犯性传递。故选B。 84．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“People have learned that these models generate false information sometimes. “But people don’t realize that this interaction mode makes us tend to believe whatever is written there.” Utz says. “That should be in media literacy training.”(人们已经知道这些模型有时会生成虚假信息。“但人们没有意识到这种交互模式会让我们倾向于相信上面写的任何内容。” Utz说。“这应该纳入媒介素养培训中。”)”可知，Utz建议人们提高媒介素养。故选A。 （二） Lately, it is getting harder and harder to find clothes that aren’t laced (镶边) with plastic. When you check a garment’s fabric composition, it’s not uncommon to be confronted by a list of scientific words, which refer to various types of plastic. However, too few realize that unless you’re paying close attention, most of your cupboard contains a whole lot of plastic. Often it is invisible, like the microplastics shed by synthetic (合成的) materials; while you may never see them, they have been found at the bottom of the ocean and in human blood. So why do we continue to use plastics? The main reason is, of course, cost. The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating an apparent incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. Moreover, making synthetic materials isn’t dependent on seasons or farms affected by rainfall or heatwaves, as is the case with cotton and wool. You’ve likely seen a lot of brands promoting themselves as sustainable by using plastic bottles to make their clothes. But the problem is, our plastic-based textile economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment. Textiles made from plastic fibers are responsible for microplastic fiber shedding at every stage of their lives: when they’re worn, washed, and disposed of. These microplastics enter the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Plus, clothing made from plastic bottles can actually shorten its life cycle. When a bottle is transformed into clothing, it often accelerates that bottle’s journey to the landfill because we purchase and abandon our clothing at such a rapid pace. While the hidden story of plastic in our clothes doesn’t have the happiest of endings, we can each take measures. Reduce our overall consumption of clothing and textile products and extend the life of our favorite garment. Learning to mend can be a game-changer. When we do make textile purchases, buy and wear natural fiber products, especially those originating from land-based production systems that are working to restore and build ecosystem and soil health. 85．What can we learn about plastic from the first paragraph? A．It is widely used in our clothes. B．It is impossible to enter our body. C．It is a rare material for clothing. D．It is always noticeable in clothing. 86．What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Problem. B．Difference. C．Concept. D．Motive. 87．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The marketing strategies of clothing brands. B．The sustainability of plastic bottle recycling. C．The environmental impact of plastic clothing. D．The process of making plastic-based clothes. 88．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．We Might Consume Too Much B．Measures Benefit Consumers C．We Might Wear Plastic Bottles D．Plastics Promote Economy 【答案】85．A 86．D 87．C 88．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了塑料纤维在服装中的广泛使用及其对环境和健康的影响，并提到了用塑料瓶制作衣服的品牌。 85．推理判断题。根据第一段“Lately, it is getting harder and harder to find clothes that aren’t laced (镶边) with plastic. When you check a garment’s fabric composition, it’s not uncommon to be confronted by a list of scientific words, which refer to various types of plastic. However, too few realize that unless you’re paying close attention, most of your cupboard contains a whole lot of plastic. Often it is invisible, like the microplastics shed by synthetic (合成的) materials; while you may never see them, they have been found at the bottom of the ocean and in human blood. (最近，要找到一件没有塑料的衣服越来越难了。当你检查一件衣服的面料成分时，经常会看到一串科学词汇，这些词汇指的是各种类型的塑料。然而，很少有人意识到，除非你密切关注，否则你的橱柜里大部分都是塑料。它通常是看不见的，比如合成材料产生的微塑料；虽然你可能从未见过它们，但它们在海底和人类血液中被发现过。)”可推知这段话表明塑料在服装中的使用非常普遍，而且很多时候是不易被察觉的。故选A。 86．词句猜测题。根据第二段“So why do we continue to use plastics? The main reason is, of course, cost. The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating an apparent incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. (那么，我们为什么还要继续使用塑料呢？主要原因当然是成本。与天然纤维相比，合成纤维的市场价格要低得多，这为时尚品牌寻找用合成纤维取代传统天然纤维的方法提供了明显的incentive。)” 可知，因为合成纤维的价格更低，因此时尚品牌有强烈的动机用合成纤维替代天然纤维。所以incentive意为“动机”和D选项的motive同义，故选D。 87．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But the problem is, our plastic-based textile economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment. Textiles made from plastic fibers are responsible for microplastic fiber shedding at every stage of their lives: when they’re worn, washed, and disposed of. These microplastics enter the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.(但问题是，我们以塑料为基础的纺织经济导致了不可持续的服装生产过剩，这对我们的社区和生态系统都是不健康的。塑料衣服仍然会影响我们的健康，对环境产生持久的影响。由塑料纤维制成的纺织品在其生命的每个阶段都会导致微塑料纤维脱落：当它们被穿着、洗涤和丢弃时。这些微塑料进入我们呼吸的空气、饮用的水和吃的食物)”可知本段主要讲述了塑料服装对环境的影响，包括微塑料的释放和对空气质量、水质和食品安全的影响。故选C。 88．主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章讨论了塑料纤维在服装中的广泛使用及其对环境和健康的影响，并提到了用塑料瓶制作衣服的品牌。因此，标题 “We Might Wear Plastic Bottles (我们可能在穿塑料瓶。)” 最能概括文章的核心内容。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$