专题1 名词篇（课件PPT）-【思而优·中考突破】2025年中考英语总复习（广东专用）

25版·英语课件 专题一　名词篇 第一部分　语法突破 01 思维导图 04 技法点拨 目录 03 考点突破 05 滚动专练 02 考点导航 目录 思维导图 目录 目录 目录 考点导航 年份 语法选择 短文填空 2024 hour’s—名词所有格 cities—可数名词复数；answer—可数名词单数 2023 / invention—词性转换；habit—可数名词单数 2022 teacher’s—名词所有格 yes—词义判断；water—不可数名词 2021 birds—可数名词复数 letters—可数名词复数 2020 / money—不可数名词；idea—可数名词单数 ［命题规律］名词在语法选择中考查其单复数形式和名词所有格的用法，在短文填空中考查可数名词单复数和不可数名词的运用及词义、词性的判断。建议课时：2课时。 目录 目录 考点突破 考点1 考点2 考点3 名词是用来表示人、事物、地点以及抽象事物名称的词。从所表示的事物的性质来看，名词可以分为可数名词(个体名词和集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)。 目录 上一级 一般来说，可以用数目来计算的，分成个体的人或事物的名词，称为可数名词。 1.可数名词复数的规则变化 目录 考点1 可数名词 （5 年 7 考） 上一级 规则 读音 例子 ①一般情况直接在名词后加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ 在元音及浊辅音后读/z/ map—maps bag—bags member—members ②以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加-es -es一般读作/ɪz/ glass—glasses box—boxes brush—brushes watch—watches 目录 上一级 规则 读音 例子 ③以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es -ves一般读作/vz/ leaf—leaves life—lives ④以y结尾的名词 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词，改y为i,再加-es -ies一般读作/ɪz/ family—families factory—factories 以“元音字母+ y”结尾的词，在词尾加-s -s一般读作/z/ monkey—monkeys survey—surveys 目录 上一级 规则 读音 例子 ⑤以o结尾的名词 有生命的词加-es -es一般读作/z/ hero—heroes potato—potatoes 无生命的词加-s -s一般读作/z/ photo—photos radio—radios 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 目录 上一级 特殊形式 例子 ①变a为e型，以及改oo为ee型 man—men woman—women foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese ②单复数形式相同 sheep—sheep deer—deer ③在词尾加-ren、-en及其他特殊情况 child—children ox—oxen mouse—mice 目录 上一级 特殊形式 例子 ④一些集体名词形式上为单数，意义上为复数 people police staff ⑤既可以表示整体，也可以表示个体成员的名词 family classt eam group ⑥复数形式表特殊意思 times(时代) drinks(饮料) looks(外表) 目录 上一级 特殊形式 例子 ⑦表示“某国人”的单复数变化 中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。 Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen American—Americans German—Germans ⑧由两个名词组成的词组，通常只变后面一个名词为复数。但如果前面名词是man或woman，则两个名词都要变成复数 an apple tree—two apple trees a girl student—many girl students a man/woman teacher—some men/women teachers 3. 可数名词的量 分类 规则 例子 具体的量 a(n)/数词+可数名词 a child一个小孩 ten teenagers十个青少年 数词+量词+ of +可数名词复数 two boxes of shoes 两箱鞋 six baskets of strawberries 六篮子草莓 大概的量 修饰词+可数名词复数 few classes 几乎没有课 a few people 一些人 several phones 几部手机 (too) many girls许多女孩子 a number of friends许多朋友 注意：some、any、a lot of/lots of、plenty of等既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 目录 上一级 选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空(每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项) 1.(2024 •黑龙江改编)Last winter holiday, we met some __________ in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 2.(2024 •四川改编)Tom! Please brush your __________ carefully twice a day! 3. Paper-making is a great __________ of ancient China. 目录 上一级 symbol tradition tooth invent country notice German Germans teeth invention 4.(2024 •江苏改编)China has made great efforts to help other __________ build high-speed railways. 5. The color red is considered as the __________ of good luck in Chinese culture. 目录 上一级 symbol tradition tooth invent country notice German countries symbol 物质名词、抽象名词往往不能用具体的数字来表示，通常被看作是不可数名词。 1.中考常见的不可数名词 目录 考点2 不可数名词 （5 年 3 考） 上一级 类别 例子 液体 milk water tea wine oil soup coffee juice beer 食物 beef meat butter rice bread salt 自然 soil sand weather fire rain snow ice wind 目录 上一级 类别 例子 材料 wood paper plastic silk cotton 其他 advice information news time money knowledge progress housework homework pressure stress 2.不可数名词的量 目录 上一级 分类 规则 例子 具体的量 数词+量词+ of +不可数名词 a cup of tea 一杯茶 two pieces of news 两则新闻 大概的量 修饰词+ 不可数名词 肯定意义 a little water 一点水 a bit of work少量工作 much money很多钱 too much time 太多时间 否定意义 little salt 几乎没有盐 3.有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同 目录 上一级 名词 可数 不可数 room(2018年考) 房间 空间 weight(2017年考) 哑铃；砝码 体重 glass(2016年考) 玻璃杯 玻璃 chicken(2013年考) 小鸡 鸡肉 fish 鱼的种类/条数 鱼肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 目录 上一级 名词 可数 不可数 life 性命 生活经历 time 次/倍数 时间 work 作品 工作 paper 试卷；报纸 纸张 exercise 练习；习题 锻炼 experience 经历；体验 经验 选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空(每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项) 1. There’s only one bottle of __________ in the fridge. We need to buy some more for breakfast. 2. My aunt gave my mom some __________ on how to rush to buy a ticket. 3. Jerry often does maths __________ to review his lessons at night. 目录 上一级 advice progress snow milk exercise litter news milk advice exercises 4. We students are supposed to watch the __________ every day so that we can find out what’s going on around the world. 5. It wasn’t possible for them to go skiing in the mountain last winter because there was little __________ there. 目录 上一级 advice progress snow milk exercise litter news news snow 1. -’s 所有格 目录 考点3 名词所有格 （5 年 2 考） 上一级 构成方法 例子 ①有生命的单数名词后加-’s the boy’s father 男孩的爸爸 ②有生命的复数名词，以s结尾的后面加-’，不以s结尾的后面加-’s Teachers’ Day 教师节 Children’s Day 儿童节 ③表示国家、城镇、时间、距离、重量、价格等名词，单数加-’s，复数加-’ Guangdong’s capital 广东的省会one hour’s walk 一小时的徒步 three pounds’ weight 三磅的重量 目录 上一级 构成方法 例子 ④表示几个人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加-’s Mary and Lucy’s map玛丽和露西的地图(两人共有) ⑤表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词后加-’s Mary’s and Lucy’s maps玛丽和露西的地图(两人各自拥有) ⑥表示某人的家、商铺、诊所等，名词所有格后的名词可以省略 at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家里 at the barber’s 在理发店 at the doctor’s 在诊所 2. of所有格 目录 上一级 构成方法 例子 名词+ of +名词(表示无生命名词的所属关系) the color of the clothes 衣服的颜色 注意：-’s所有格和of所有格有时可以互换。如：China’s population = the population of China中国的人口 3.双重所有格 目录 上一级 构成方法 例子 ①名词+ of + -’s所有格 a friend of my sister’s 我妹妹的一个朋友 ②名词+ of +名词性物主代词 a photo of mine 我的一张照片 单句语法选择 ( )1. Mr. Black is a teacher of __________. She and her classmates like him very much. A. my sisters B. my sister’s C. my sisters’ ( )2. We should be thankful for those __________ efforts to help people in the countryside receive products that they buy online. A. postman B. postmen’s C. postmen 目录 上一级 B B ( )3. Look at the gentleman over there. He is __________ uncle. A. Tony’s and Tina’s B. Tony and Tina C. Tony and Tina’s ( )4. Most students complain that ten __________ break between classes is not enough. A. minutes B. minute C. minutes’ ( )5. While I was at the __________, I heard a nurse calling Davy. A. doctor’s B. doctors C. doctor 目录 上一级 C C A 目录 技法点拨 点拨1 点拨2 根据近5年广东中考对名词考查的命题规律及其在句中的用法，将名词常见的解题突破点归纳如下： • 名词出现的提示：①动词、介词之后(作宾语)；②冠词、数词、形容词、代词之后(被修饰限定)；③固定搭配中。 • 名词变形的依据：①名词单复数：空前冠词、数量(修饰)词；be动词的形式；②名词所有格：与空后名词形成所属关系。 目录 上一级 本题型主要考查了可数名词复数的规则变化和名词所有格。选项的设置通常为名词单数、复数和名词所有格。 (2024·广东35题节选)Sometimes, he takes one __________ bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. ( )A. hour B. hours C. hour’s 点拨1 名词在语法选择中的考查 （5 年 3 考） 目录 上一级 根据空前数词“one”，可知此处应用hour的单数形式，排除选项B，再分析one hour与空后“bus ride”构成所属关系，表示“一小时的车程”，应使用hour的所有格形式，故选C。 C (2022·广东33题节选)... she was her music __________ favorite student. ( )A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher’s 目录 上一级 分析选项名词teacher与空后名词“student”，可知两者形成所属关系，表示“老师的学生”，应使用名词所有格形式，故选C。 C (2021·广东36题节选)Along the river, there’s an eight-kilometer-long wooden walkway. People could enjoy the scenery(风景)and watch __________ there. ( )A. bird B. birds C. bird’s D. birds’ 目录 上一级 根据空前动词“watch”，可知此处缺少宾语，且空后无其他名词与bird构成所属关系，排除名词所有格形式。再根据bird是可数名词，空前无不定冠词修饰，需用其复数形式，故选B。 B 语篇强化 　　The 24-kilometer-long Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge officially opened at 3:00 p.m. on 30th June, 2024. It took about eight 　1　 to complete the huge cross-sea passage(通道)which includes the largest and widest underwater tunnel in the world. ( )1. A. year B. years C. years’ 目录 上一级 B As an important 　2　 in China under the 13th Five-Year Plan, the bridge is expected to promote (促进)the communication in the Greater Bay Area. It also greatly cuts the travel time among 　3　. For example, people had to take two 　4　 drive between Shenzhen and Zhongshan in the past. But now, it only takes about thirty minutes. ( )2. A. project’s B. project C. projects ( )3. A. city B. city’s C. cities ( )4. A. hours’ B. hour C. hours 目录 上一级 B C A Since the 1980s, China has achieved great success in bridge building. The Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge is one of them. Many foreign people admire these 　5　. As Chinese, we surely take pride in our country. ( )5. A. achievement B. achievements C. achievement’s 目录 上一级 B 本题型主要考查了不可数名词、可数名词单复数的运用及词义、词性的判断。 [ 2024·广东] (71题节选)In __________ like Chengdu and Beijing, thousands of people have started to join in the biking craze. 点拨2 名词在短文填空中的考查(5年9考) 目录 上一级 always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever 根据空前介词，考虑填入名词。再结合语境，此处表示“在成都和北京这样的城市”，选出方框内的词语city，且需用其复数形式，故填cities。 cities (72题节选)Will the craze in China last for a long time? The __________ is “Yes.” 目录 上一级 根据空前冠词，考虑填入名词。再结合语境，此处表示“答案是肯定的”，选出方框内的词语answer，且根据句中be动词的形式is可知需用名词单数形式，故填answer。 always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever answer [ 2023·广东] (74 题节选)The __________ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. 目录 上一级 it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred 根据上下文推测此处表示“牙刷的发明”，选出方框内的词语invent。再依据构词法将invent转化为名词形式，结合空后系动词“was”可知此处应用名词单数形式，故填invention。 invention (75 题节选)Today we have a good __________ of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 目录 上一级 it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred 根据固定搭配推测此处表示 “养成……习惯”，且根据空前不定冠词a，应使用名词单数形式，故填habit。 habit (2021·广东73题节选)Lao Pan’s new book includes his forty-seven __________ to his family back in America. The letters show China’s development in different periods. 目录 上一级 根据词汇复现可确定此处表示“信件”，且空前数词forty-seven后接可数名词复数，故填letters。 it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred letters 语篇强化 请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 Have you seen frogs? We all know they are green and live by 1.__________. But glass frogs are a group of 2.__________ frogs. The tree frogs live mainly in 3.__________ of Central and South America. These frogs have an unusual 4.__________. 目录 上一级 forest night search frog leaf animal river body ability tree day rivers tree forests ability As long as the background color is light yellow-green, the skin of the glass 5.__________ stomach will become as transparent(透明的)as glass! We can easily see the inside parts of its 6.__________ through its skin and we can even see the outline and beats of its heart when we look closer. 目录 上一级 forest night search frog leaf animal river body ability tree day frog’s body During the day, these frogs sleep under tree 7.__________. Their small bodies do not create shadows(影子). Then birds and other 8.__________ might not eat them because they can’t see them. But when some glass frogs wake up and move in 9.__________ of food, they are reddish-brown. Is that interesting? 目录 上一级 forest night search frog leaf animal river body ability tree day leaves animals search 目录 滚动专练 短文填空 请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 Last year, we took a trip to New York City. When we 1.__________ our hotel, it was around 1 a.m. My son, Joseph, looked out at the lights of Times Square and said he wanted to go 2.__________. I told him it was too late to go out, but he kept 3.__________ out of the window and said, “Just for two minutes.” 目录 arrive go but big I reach outside for happy look door excuse reached outside looking My wife and I just looked at each other, smiled and said, “Two minutes.” We got dressed and walked to the center of Times Square. When we got there, 4.__________ son pointed at the lights and said, “Dad, look!” and then started to fall asleep. So we had to 5.__________ back to the hotel. 目录 arrive go but big I reach outside for happy look door excuse my go It took us 20 minutes to get ready 6.__________ the 20 seconds we spent outside, but it made our son happy and that meant a lot to us. That night, I learned a lesson about 7.__________. We sometimes can have happy moments in our lives, 8.__________ we often find an excuse to do something else. 目录 arrive go but big I reach outside for happy look door excuse for happiness but Because of my son, I learned that I am the 9.__________ enemy to my own happiness. Happiness is a(n) 10.__________ that is always open. However, we are the ones who have to decide if we are going to walk through the door. 目录 arrive go but big I reach outside for happy look door excuse biggest door $$