12 UNIT 2 Understanding each other Period 5 课文整体教学-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 5　 课文整体教学(Extended reading) 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．Why are words borrowed? B．The importance of borrowed words． C．An introduction to borrowed words． D．Different attitudes towards borrowed words． 2．How does the author develop paragraph 1? A．By giving examples． B．By asking questions． C．By listing numbers． D．By describing details． 3．What makes it possible to borrow words directly from the source language faster than ever before? A．The rapid development of communications technology． B．The rapid development of cultures． C．The rapid development of languages． D．The rapid development of human beings． 4．What's the meaning of “out of style” in paragraph 6? A．Popular． 　 B．Out of place． C．Out of fashion．　 D．Original． [答案]　1－4　CAAC slip vi．滑倒；滑落，溜；陷入 n．差错；纸条；滑跤 ①(教材原句)When I was trying out your skateboard，I slipped． vi．滑倒 ②He recited the whole poem without making a single slip． n．差错 ③She slipped out of the house before the others were awake． vi．溜 ④She wrote her name and address on a slip of paper． n．纸条 1．(学会断句)In the current age of globalization，when communications technology brings different cultures closer together，words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before，especially those/related to technological developments，such as “email” and “Internet”． [分析]　此句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句；related to...作后置定语，修饰前面的those。 [翻译]　在如今的全球化时代中，当通信技术使不同的文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词汇甚至更有可能以前所未有的速度直接从原语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展相关的词汇，如“电子邮件(email)”和“互联网(Internet)”。 2．(学会断句)While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange/between languages，there are also other communities/that readily welcome borrowed words． [分析]　此句是主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句；主句中含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 other communities。 [翻译]　尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。 3．(学会断句)Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop，enabling the community to have a more efficient language/which makes it possible/for them to share their experiences with new-found ease． [分析]　此句是复合句。主句是“主＋谓＋宾＋宾补”结构；enabling...是动词-ing形式短语作状语，里面含有一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a more efficient language。 [翻译]　借用外来词使语言得以继续发展，使其群体拥有一种更为有效的语言，该语言让他们能够以新发现的轻松状态分享他们的经历。 1．(应用文佳句)This phenomenon has been occurring for thousands of years． 这一现象已经延续了数千年。 2．(续写佳句)It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly． 也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。 3．(应用文佳句)For better or for worse，the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style． 不管怎样，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。 1．integrate vt．& vi．(使)合并；(使)加入 (1)integrate into... 与……成为一体；融入…… integrate with... 与……结合在一起；(使)融入某群体或社会 integrate A and B 使A与B合并 (2)integration n． 结合；整合；一体化 (3)integrated adj． 各部分密切协调的；综合的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The house integrates (integrate) Chinese and Western architectural styles． ②Children are often very good at integrating into a new culture． ③The aim is to promote closer economic integration(integrate)． ④你很难融入一个文化与你自己的文化截然不同的社会。 It's very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own． 2．oppose vt．反对，抵制；与……对垒 (1)oppose (2)opposed adj．　　　　 强烈反对；截然不同 be opposed to (doing)... 反对(做)……；与……对立 as opposed to sth． (表示对比)而，相对于 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We are opposed to the idea of driving the car too fast． ②I have been consistently opposed to feeding (feed) a baby frequently． ③父母强烈反对他们的女儿单独去那里。 The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone． ④由于很多人反对，政府推迟了这个新的提案。 With a lot of people opposing the new proposal，the government postponed it． 3．tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 (1)have a tendency to do sth． 倾向于做某事 a tendency for sb．/sth． 某人/某物的倾向 (2)tend vi．& vt． 往往会；倾向；照料；照管 tend to do sth． 往往会/倾向于做某事 tend to/towards sth． 倾向于某事 tend (to) sb．/sth． 照料/照管某人/某物 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As is often the case，students tend to be judged (judge) by their performance in exams． ②There is a growing tendency (tend) among employers to hire casual staff． ③新体育场建成后，学生们往往会多做运动。 After the new gymnasium was built，the students tended to take more exercise． 1．given that... (教材P25)This comes as no surprise，given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages，including Latin，Greek，French and Chinese． 这并不奇怪，鉴于英语的外来词来自300多种不同的语言，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语。 [句式分析]　本句中given是过去分词的形式，用作介词，或者连词，经常和that等连用，引导原因状语从句，表示“考虑到；鉴于”。 Given that there was so little time，I think they have done a good job． 考虑到时间紧迫，我认为他们干得不错。 given that...为独立成分作状语，不受逻辑主语的影响，意为“考虑到……，鉴于……”。常见的独立成分作状语的还有： considering that...　　　　 鉴于……；考虑到…… generally speaking 总的来说 judging by/from... 从……来看；依据……来判断 supposing that... 假定…… providing/provided that... 假定…… to tell the truth 实话实说 to be honest 老实说 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Given (give) that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival，the Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you． ②Judging from/by his accent，he is from Chongqing． ③假如你加入我们的英语口语俱乐部，你会惊讶于通过参加丰富多彩的活动你将取得多大的进步。 Supposing/Providing/Provided that you join our spoken English club，you will be amazed by how much progress you will make by taking part in colorful activities． 2．the more...the more... (教材P25)The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language． 外来词使用的时间越长，听起来甚至看起来也就越像本地语言。 [句式分析]　“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，该句型意为“越……就越……”。 The higher the altitude is，the thinner the air becomes． 海拔越高，空气就越稀薄。 (1)前者相当于一个条件句，因此，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。 (2)the more...the more...　 越……就越…… the more...the less... 越……越不…… the less...the more... 越不……就越…… [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The harder you work，the greater(great) progress you will make． ②The longer(long) the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer． ③他越少担心，工作就做得越好。 The less he worried，the better he worked． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．The more powerful the car，the more difficult(difficult) it is to handle． 2．They remain absolutely opposed to the idea． 3．The audience reacts positively to the practice that traditional elements are integrated into/with modern films． 4．Many people，who are tired of the fast and competitive urban life，have a tendency to long(long) for the old way of rural life． 5．Usually，I am sensible with money，as I have to be，given (give) that I don't earn that much． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．随着中国国际地位的提高，越来越多的人倾向于学习汉语。 With the improvement of China's international status，more and more people have a tendency to/tend to learn Chinese． 2．但是，鉴于汉语内容丰富，一些人认为学汉语有困难。 However，given that Chinese has rich contents，some people find it difficult to learn Chinese． 3．我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。 The more we do for the people，the happier we'll be． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact．This phenomenon 1．has been occurring (occur) for thousands of years．With the 2．development(develop) of globalization and communications technology，different 3．cultures(culture) interact more easily and get closer together．Words are more likely to be borrowed from the source language at a 4．faster (fast) pace than ever before．However，the process is still complex，5．which takes time before new words are integrated 6．into/with everyday speech． There are two 7．different(differ) attitudes towards borrowed words．The English-speaking community 8．readily(ready) welcomes borrowed words while the French official linguistic organization creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words．For better 9．or for worse，the tendency 10．to borrow(borrow) words has never gone out of style． 课时分层作业(五) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．As a new member，you should try your best to integrate (加入) with the group． 2．I rejected (拒绝接受) my son's decision to conduct a two-month trip from the US to Germany yesterday． 3．He is spoiled，arrogant and has a tendency (倾向) towards snobbery． 4．He felt embarrassed (尴尬的) when he made an obvious mistake in public． 5．Your description of China doesn't correspond (相一致) with my uncle's． Ⅱ．选词填空 account for，depend on，approve of，put yourself in sb．'s shoes，broaden one's mind 1．My reliable friend says，“You always put yourself in my shoes and this is why I admire you．” 2．Too much pressure may account for your recent low efficiency in study． 3．If you broaden your mind，you will naturally stop worrying． 4．Whether our years of hard training will pay off depends on whether we can stick to it till the end． 5．The residents approve of the measures taken so far in our city，meant to reduce a gradual decrease in house prices． Ⅲ．阅读理解 When you encounter animals，do you wonder what they're thinking? Seeing a newborn lamb or a cute puppy might arouse happy emotions in us，but what are they thinking? Do the looks on their faces and how they behave indicate how they're feeling—or are they feeling nothing at all? Humans have a complex range of feelings，but it's hard to tell what's going on inside the heads of animals．Some of us own dogs because they are good companions，are loyal and seem to connect with us．We might even think they love us．Professor Kim Bard，an expert in comparative developmental psychology from the University of Portsmouth，told the BBC，“We have a few studies now that actually show scientifically that some dogs will respond when their owner—but not a stranger—pretends to cry．” The empathetic ability of cats，however，is harder to work out． Other non-domesticated (非驯养的) animals might have feelings too．Giraffes and whales，for example，are known to experience sadness when someone in their group dies．It's believed that even tiny creatures like insects might have emotions as well．Research is beginning to show they experience a wide range of feelings．Zaria says，“They can be optimistic，pessimistic，or frightened，and respond to pain just like any mammal would．” Dr．Barbara J．King，Emerita Professor of Anthropology at the College of William and Mary，told the BBC，“If we understand the profound depths of emotions animals can feel，this should make us question the existence of zoos and slaughterhouses (屠宰场) around the world，and rethink those systems．It does seem all creatures feel emotion，but what is not clear is：Do they feel the same way as us？” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章对动物是否会有情感和感受以及何种动物会拥有情感和感受进行了探究。 1．What's the purpose of raising questions in the first paragraph? A．To entertain． B．To inspire． C．To appeal．　 D．To persuade． C　[推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推断，第一段提出问题的目的是引起读者的兴趣。故选C。] 2．What do the underlined words “empathetic ability” in paragraph 2 mean? A．The ability to respond to others' questions． B．The ability to understand others' feelings． C．The ability to stay calm when facing danger． D．The ability to share work with their owners． B　[词句猜测题。根据画线词前句可知，这里指猫理解他人感受的能力比狗理解他人感受的能力更难研究。所以empathetic ability为“理解他人感受的能力”。故选B。] 3．What's the importance of the research according to Barbara? A．It may reduce the times of people visiting zoos． B．It may change the food chain of the whole world． C．It may cause zoos and slaughterhouses to disappear． D．It may lead people to reconsider animals' well-being． D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断，Barbara认为这项研究的重要性是可能导致人们重新考虑动物的福祉。故选D。] 4．How do the researchers sound when talking about the issue? A．Careful．　 B．Certain． C．Critical．　 D．Regretful． A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It does seem all creatures feel emotion，but what is not clear is：Do they feel the same way as us？”可推断，当研究人员谈论这个问题时，听起来他们是慎重的。故选A。] Ⅳ．完形填空 In India，a group of young people are changing seniors' lives by pairing them with volunteer “grandchildren”． The organization，Goodfellows，was 1 by Naidu，Thakur，and Sandu，three young Indians who all 2 hanging out with their grandparents． Meant to 3 loneliness and help bring the lonely elders back into 4 ，the organization allows family members to nominate elders，typically if their life partner isn't around anymore，as a “grandpa” 5 a “grandchild”．After the nomination，Mr．Naidu carries out an interview with the 6 ．It aims to learn about their interests in order to 7 them with a “grandchild” who has 8 interests． One “grandpa” calls herself the luckiest lady in the world，thanks to her volunteer grandchild—a passionate writer—who is 9 her 81-year life stories． “Kersi uncle has been my grandpa for five months．We eagerly look forward to 10 ，” said 23-year-old Aarohi．“He's had quite a few 11 moments，but he always focuses on the beautiful bits，inspiring me to hold onto the happy moments．” In some 12 ，the pairing lasts as long as the grandpa's remaining years．“We've come across so many grandpas who tell us they feel 13 ．Aside from a few public service staff，the doorbell never rings．But our organization is now 14 things．They are hopeful and excited on the 15 days of the week．They look forward to the bell ringing，” Ms．Thakur said． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。在印度，一群年轻人通过为老年人配对志愿者“孙辈”来改变老年人的生活。 1．A．accepted　 B．discovered　 C．started　 D．assessed C　[根据前文的“The organization，Goodfellows”和后文“by Naidu，Thakur，and Sandu，three young Indians”可知，这个名为Goodfellows的组织是由Naidu，Thakur和Sandu创立的。故选C项。] 2．A．loved　 B．regretted　 C．admitted　 D．forgot A　[根据后文的“hanging out with their grandparents”可知，这三个年轻的印度人都喜欢和祖父母一起出去玩。故选A项。] 3．A．face　 B．hide　 C．suffer 　 D．address D　[根据后文的“loneliness and help bring the lonely elders back into ”可知，该组织是为了解决老年人的孤独问题，帮助孤独的老人重返社会。故选D项。] 4．A．society　　 B．reality　 C．family　 D．employment A　[参见上题解析。故选A项。] 5．A．in praise of　　 B．in search of　 C．in honor of　 D．in defense of B　[根据前文的“typically if their life partner isn't around anymore，as a ‘grandpa’ ”和后文“a ‘grandchild’”和“It aims to learn about their interests in order to them with a ‘grandchild’ who has interests”可知，该组织旨在帮助“祖辈”寻找“孙辈”。故选B项。] 6．A．advisors　 B．seniors　 C．customers　　 D．volunteers B　[根据后文的“It aims to learn about their interests in order to them with a ‘grandchild’ who has interests．”可知，为了了解他们的兴趣，以便将他们与有相似兴趣爱好的“孙辈”配对，所以对老年人进行了采访。故选B项。] 7．A．pair　 B．guide 　 C．protect　 D．compare A　[参见上题解析。故选A项。] 8．A．special　 B．similar　 C．broad 　 D．appropriate B　[根据前文的“It aims to learn about their interests”可知，了解他们的兴趣爱好，以便将他们与有相似兴趣爱好的“孙辈”配对。故选B项。] 9．A．designing　 B．enjoying　 C．acting　 D．documenting D　[根据后文的“her 81-year life stories”可知，这位志愿者孙辈正在记录她81年的生活故事。故选D项。] 10．A．standing out　 B．showing off　 C．hanging out　 D．taking off C　[结合语境再根据前文的“hanging out with their grandparents”和后文的“He's had quite a few moments，but he always focuses on the beautiful bits，inspiring me to hold onto the happy moments．”可知，“爷爷”经历了不少艰难的时刻，所以现在他们热切地期待着出去玩。故选C项。] 11．A．important　 B．tough 　 C．magical　 D．joyful B　[根据后文的“but he always focuses on the beautiful bits，inspiring me to hold onto the happy moments”可知，但他总是专注于美好的一面，but为表示转折的连词，所以此处应说他生活艰难。故选B项。] 12．A．cases　 B．stages　 C．places　 D．moments A　[根据后文的“the pairing lasts as long as the grandpa's remaining years”可知，这种配对会持续到“祖辈”的最后几年，这只是在某些情况下发生的。故选A项。] 13．A．frightened　 B．relieved　 C．lonely　 D．inspired C　[根据后文的“Aside from a few public service staff，the doorbell never rings．”可知，除了一些公共服务人员，门铃从来没有响过，所以此处指很多“祖辈”告诉“我们”他们感到孤独。故选C项。] 14．A．exploring　 B．examining　 C．advertising　 D．changing D　[根据前文的“Aside from a few public service staff，the doorbell never rings．”和后文“They are hopeful and excited on the days of the week．They look forward to the bell ringing”可知，由以前的孤独，到现在的充满希望和兴奋，所以该组织现在正在改变一些事情。故选D项。] 15．A．imagined　 B．peaceful　 C．appointed 　 D．free C　[根据后文的“days of the week”可知，在约定的日子“孙辈”会和“祖辈”相聚，所以他们在一周中约定的日子里充满希望和兴奋。故选C项。] Ⅴ．语法填空 What's the first thing 1． comes into your mind when you think of wheat straw? Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer's field．However，Wu Cui，an intangible cultural inheritor，can turn the straw into beautiful and eye-catching 2． (function) artworks． The earliest straw-weaving products 3． (discover) at Hemudu Cultural Ruins，a Neolithic cultural site located in eastern China's Zhejiang Province．The Book of Rites，one of the classical 4． (work) of Confucianism，also records that there were already mats made of cattail grass and professional straw-weaving craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty．Straw weaving was listed 5． a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008． Straw weaving is a time-consuming process that can take weeks，6． even months，to complete．Later，industrial goods have taken 7． place of such products，which make low profits，and there are only about 100 individuals 8． (involve) in the work across the country．“The world has changed，and craftsmen need to overstep practicality and pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture 9． (help) the craft survive and thrive，” Wu says． From her viewpoint，straw weaving should respond to people's needs and preferences，while still 10． (draw) inspiration from traditional culture． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了草编这一传统工艺，包括草编工艺的历史、复杂的制作过程、工匠越来越少的现状以及未来发展的方向。 1．that　[考查定语从句。句意：当你想到麦秆时，首先出现在脑海的是什么？分析句子结构可知，空处应填关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词thing前有序数词first修饰，指代物只能用that。故填that。] 2．functional　[考查形容词。句意：然而，非物质文化传承人吴翠却能把稻草变成美丽夺目的实用艺术品。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词functional“实用的”在句中作定语，修饰名词artworks。故填functional。] 3．were discovered　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最早的草编产品是在河姆渡文化遗址发现的，这是一个位于中国东部浙江省的新石器时代文化遗址。描述过去的一次性动作，句子应用一般过去时，动词discover与句子主语products构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语products为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were discovered。] 4．works　[考查名词复数。句意：儒家经典著作之一的《礼记》也记载，周代已经有蒲草席和专业的草编工匠。one of后接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，work“著作”为可数名词。故填works。] 5．as　[考查介词。句意：在2008年，草编被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。be listed as“被列为”为固定短语。故填as。] 6．or　[考查连词。句意：秸秆编织是一个耗时的过程，可能需要数周甚至数月才能完成。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词or“或者”，连接weeks和months。故填or。] 7．the　[考查冠词。句意：后来，工业品取代了利润低的此类产品，全国只有大约100人参与这项工作。take the place of“代替”为固定短语。故填the。] 8．involved　[考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be involved in“参与”为固定短语，作后置定语，省略be即可。故填involved。] 9．to help　[考查非谓语动词。句意：吴翠说：“世界已经发生了变化，工匠们需要超越实用性，追求稻草文化的美感和艺术性，以帮助这门技艺生存和发展。”分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式在句中作目的状语。故填to help。] 10．drawing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：在她看来，草编应该回应人们的需求和喜好，同时仍然从传统文化中汲取灵感。分析句子结构可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，动词draw与其逻辑主语straw weaving构成主动关系，故用draw的动词-ing形式。故填 drawing。] 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$