10 UNIT 2 Understanding each other Period 3 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．react vi．(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 (1)react to...　　　　　　 对……作出反应 react against 反对；反抗 react with... 同……起反应 (2)reaction n． 反应；回应 in reaction to... 作为对……的反应 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In reaction (react) to the phenomenon，some geophysicists called for raising the air pollution tax． ②The parents were disappointed that their children tended to react against their will． ③只有当我们冷静地应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能以更好的方式解决问题。 Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way． 2．competent adj．足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的 (1)be competent to do sth．　　　 能胜任做某事 be competent at (doing) sth． 善于(做)某事 (2)competence n． 能力；胜任；技能，本领 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His competence(competent) in dealing with demanding problems surprised me． ②She is very competent at communicating/communication(communicate)． ③确保这家公司有能力执行这项工作。 Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work． 3．suit vt．满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服 (1)suit sb．　　　　 　　 对某人方便；满足某人需要；合某人心意 suit...to... 使……适合/适应…… be suited for/to... 适合…… (2)suitable adj． 合适的；适当的 be suitable for sb．/sth． 适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth． 适合做某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①He and his wife are well suited to/for each other． ②He tried to suit his performance to the audience． ③The show is not suitable (suit) for children． ④因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。 a．I do believe I am suitable for this voluntary work because I have a good knowledge of English．(suitable) b．I do believe this voluntary work suits me because I have a good knowledge of English．(suit) 4．negotiate vi．& vt．谈判；商定，达成(协议) (1)negotiate(with sb．) for sth． 　　　　　　 为了某事(与某人)谈判 negotiate (with sb．) about/on sth． 就某事(与某人)进行交涉/协商 negotiate with sb． 与某人交涉(以达成协议) (2)negotiation n． 谈判；磋商 be in negotiation with sb． 与某人商议/协商 under negotiation 在商讨中 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The two countries are negotiating for a peaceful settlement． ②The agreement was reached after a series of difficult negotiations (negotiate)． ③我们教练正在同校长交涉关于使用他们体育馆的事。 Our coach is negotiating with the headmaster on/about the use of their gym． 5．sympathy n．同情；赞同 (1)have/feel sympathy for sb． 　　　　　　 对某人怀着/感到同情 express/offer (one's) sympathy 表达/表示(某人的)同情 get sympathy from sb． 得到某人的同情 out of sympathy 出于同情 in sympathy with 支持；赞同 (2)sympathetic adj． 同情的，有同情心的；赞同的 be sympathetic to/towards... 对……同情/赞同/支持 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I feel great sympathy for him． ②The seamen went on strike in sympathy with the dockers． ③梅雷迪思太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间，她总会给他们带食物和药品。 a．Mrs Meredith was sympathetic to/towards the poor，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time．(sympathetic) b．Mrs Meredith had/felt sympathy for the poor，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time．(sympathy) 6．account for sth．是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 account vt．　　　　 认为是；视为 　　　n． 账目；叙述，报告；解释，说明 on no account 决不(置于句首用部分倒装) on account of 因为；由于 take...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US． ②The flight to New York was put off on account of bad weather． ③如果您能在方便的时候考虑一下我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into account/consideration at your convenience． 7．approve vi．& vt．赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) (1)approve sth．　　　　 　　 批准某事 approve of sb．'s doing sth． 同意某人做某事 approve of sth．/sb． 赞成某事/同意某人 (2)approval n． 赞成，同意；批准；认可 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①He doesn't approve of my leaving(leave) school this year． ②He showed his approval (approve) by smiling． ③如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 a．We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal．(approve) b．We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal．(approval) 1．状语从句的省略 (教材P16)When spoken by a stranger，they can function as a means of attracting your attention． 当陌生人说话时，它们可以作为吸引你注意力的一种手段。 [句式分析]　本句中When spoken by a stranger是一个省略句，省略了they are，完整句子是When they are spoken by a stranger。 While(I was) waiting，I was reading some magazines． 我一边看杂志，一边等。 (1)如果状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语出现be动词时，可以把状语从句中的主语和be动词省略； (2)在状语从句中出现it和be动词的时候，可以把从句中的it和be动词省略。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Fill in the application as instructed (instruct)． ②Though tired (tire)，they went on working． ③工作时要集中精力，不要让自己分心。 When (one is) working，one should concentrate and not allow oneself to be distracted． 2．not only...but also... (教材P16)Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them． 我们交流的许多东西，不仅取决于我们使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。 [句式分析]　本句中的“not only...but also...”结构，表示“不但……而且……”，连接并列的成分。 She not only plays well，but also writes music． 她不仅演奏得很好，而且还会作曲。 (1)not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中also有时可以省略； (2)not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致； (3)not only...but also...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不倒装。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film． ②Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water． ③“认识我们身边的植物”活动不仅让我们认识了校园里不同的植物，也激发了我们学生亲近自然的热情。 a．The activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us”not only enabled us to identify different plants on campus，but it also aroused the enthusiasm of us students for getting close to nature． b．Not only did the activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” enable us to identify different plants on campus，but it also aroused the enthusiasm of us students for getting close to nature．(not only位于句首) Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．Not only me but also my parents are (be) fond of drinking tea． 2．For a moment，Arnold was full of sympathy for Mr Wilson． 3．The article is ready to publish，subject to your approval (approve)． 4．The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd． 5．We negotiated with him to buy one of the sketches． 6．Would now be a suitable(suit) moment to discuss my report? 7．Some young teachers are not so competent at their teaching． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．它们不仅降低了沟通的有效性，而且还使人们不愿意面对面地交谈。 Not only do they decrease the effectiveness of communication，but they also make people unwilling to talk with each other face to face． 2．但我并不赞同电子通信。 But I do not approve of electronic communication． 3．随着科学和经济的发展，电子通信占据了我们日常交流的很大一部分。 With the development of science and economy，electronic communication accounts for a large part of our daily interactions． 4．学校为我们创造了一个适合学生阅读的环境。 The school creates an environment that/which is suitable for the students to read． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 As we all know，communication is the process of exchanging information 1．between a sender and a receiver，whose entire circle involves the encoding，decoding and feedback of information． Much of what we communicate 2．relies (rely) not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them． 3．To be (be) a competent communicator，firstly it's necessary that you should obtain as much their personal information as you can，4．which is helpful for you to decide the best communication channel according to different situations．Furthermore，5．judging(judge) from the communication objects，you need to determine the language styles and communication manners．Apart from the details mentioned above，you should also keep in mind that body language plays 6．an important part in communication．You should pay attention to your own body language，and at the same time，you ought to keep a close eye on the other person's body language，which will help the communication to go 7．smoothly (smooth)．Last but not least，the value of empathy should not 8．be understated (understate)．To ensure a smooth communication，you should put 9．yourself (you) in their shoes and look at the situation from their perspective． In conclusion，good communication 10．skills (skill) will help you build trust and gain other people's respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive． 课时分层作业(四) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．At the same time，their internal connection has also been clarified (阐明)． 2．He seems like a straightforward (坦诚的) person． 3．His new enterprise (企业) is full of life and has a bright future． 4．There were reports that three companies were negotiating (商定) to market the product． 5．He was a loyal，distinguished and very competent(有能力的) civil servant． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．He was not suitable to take(take) on the job，so he decided to resign from his position． 2．My gentle mother is sympathetic (sympathy) to the homeless girl and has determined to help her． 3．Even if I didn't meet with his approval(approve)，I wasn't discouraged at all． 4．On account of his timely guidance，I finally passed the driving test． 5．Not only I but also he has gained (gain) a bonus so far due to our hard work． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A This year's best books for children address sadness and fear while celebrating love，strength，hope and joy． The Big Dreaming Michael Rosen and Daniel Egneus Two bears are preparing for the Big Sleep，but Little Bear worries they won't have enough dreams to last the winter．He sets out on a dangerous journey，from which he returns with stored visions of happiness，homecoming and hope． A Way to the Stars David Almond and Gill Smith This is a story of the love between a parent and a child．When Joe is eager to reach the stars，his dad is fully on board．Together they build a tower，even a rocket(火箭)，without success．But every time they laugh and try again，until Joe finally achieves his dream． A Really Short Journey Through the Body Bill Bryson For children over 8 who love science，it is adapted for children by science journalist Emma Young．It is a sure-fire winner，especially among those who enjoy humorous writings． Oscar's Lion Adam Baron In this story illustrated by Benji Davies，Oscar is alarmed to discover that his parents have disappeared and that a large lion appears．But has he really eaten Oscar's parents? This unusual story of love，sadness and family ties will particularly attract children who are coming to terms with loss． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本今年最好的儿童读物。 1．What does Joe want to do? A．Build a small tower． B．Set foot on stars． C．Have a sound sleep． D．Take part in winter games． B　[细节理解题。根据A Way to the Stars中的“When Joe is eager to reach the stars，his dad is fully on board．”可知，Joe想踏上星空。故选B项。] 2．Who provides Oscar's Lion with pictures? A．Bill Bryson． B．Emma Young． C．Adam Baron． D．Benji Davies． D　[细节理解题。根据Oscar's Lion中的“In this story illustrated by Benji Davies，Oscar is alarmed to discover that his parents have disappeared and that a large lion appears．”可知，Benji Davies为该书提供了插图。故选D项。] 3．What do the four books have in common? A．They deal with sadness． B．They are about a journey． C．They are for children． D．They are from one writer． C　[细节理解题。通读全文，根据第一段“This year's best books for children address sadness and fear while celebrating love，strength，hope and joy．”可知，这四本书都是写给孩子的。故选C项。] B I had been ready for the inevitable failures of graduate school-experiments，proposals，even classes．But I was caught off-guard when midway through my first year I began to face a different type of challenge．I felt tired every morning．My appetite decreased．I started to notice an increase in trips to the bathroom．Finally came the blood each time I went，which continued for more than a week and stimulated me to go to the emergency department．My doctors told me I needed to focus completely on my health for the next 6 months．I hoped I could keep up with my studies and take care of my health by switching projects and attending classes virtually．However，my graduate program wasn't keen on the idea and my doctors weren't either．All said I had two options：a medical leave of absence or withdrawing from my program． I had never taken a break before．I am the daughter of immigrants，and my parents believed breaks weren't an option for our family．I feared adding to the dropout statistic for students of color．I feared a leave of absence would be seen as a sign of weakness．But I wasn't ready to give up on graduate school，so the leave of absence seemed like the only option． I was no longer a researcher or a student; I was a patient．When classmates swapped messages about assignments，experiments，and exams I felt I had nothing to add，so I stopped responding，and they stopped including me．The isolation fueled my fears，and then came the depression． Still，I knew this leave of absence was essential．Over the past year，I have connected with others who also took time away during graduate school．In hearing their stories，I learned that a leave of absence is perfectly OK，no matter the reason．There is bravery in taking the time to focus on yourself．I learned to take comfort in knowing that everyone's Ph．D．journey is unique，and mine was far from over． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公在读博期间意外得了重病，从焦虑沮丧到接受暂停学业专注健康的过程。 4．What unexpected challenge did the author face? A．Peer pressure． B．Academic failures． C．Physical problems． D．An identity crisis． C　[推理判断题。从第一段可以看出作者没有想到的是自己的身体状况发生了重大的变化。故选C。] 5．What had the author intended to do in response to the doctor's advice? A．Take online courses． B．Quit her program． C．Ask for a medical leave． D．Focus entirely on her health． A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My doctors told me I needed to focus completely on my health for the next 6 months．I hoped I could keep up with my studies and take care of my health by switching projects and attending classes virtually．”可知，作者想通过上网课的方式坚持学业。故选A。] 6．What can best describe the author's changing feelings about her leave of absence? A．Hopeful—desperate—proud． B．Sorrowful—relieved—lonely． C．Anxious—depressed—comfortable． D．Ashamed—frightened—concerned． C　[推理判断题。第二段作者提到面对请假的各种焦虑，第三段讲述远离课堂与同学疏远使作者感到悲伤绝望；第四段讲述作者从他人的故事中得到安慰。由此推断，面对离开作者先是焦虑，继而沮丧，最后感到宽慰。故选C。] 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Miracle of Bravery B．A Break for My Health C．My Rough Road to Recovery D．My Incredible Ph．D．Journey B　[标题归纳题。整篇文章介绍了主人公在读博期间意外得了重病，在需要请假暂停学业专注健康这件事上从焦虑沮丧到接受的过程，B项“为了我的健康休息一下”适合作文章标题。故选B。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 How To Be More Attractive Having a beautiful face is hot but having a kind soul is hotter．Having visible success is hot but having an invisible achievement is hotter． 1 ．After some research，I find some things that instantly attract me． Living with passion and purpose People with purpose move differently．You can see confidence in their eyes，discipline in their actions，and determination in their voices．When you come across such people，you're instantly drawn to them． 2 ．It leaves you with a whisper，“You've got this too”． Empathy & compassion (同理心) The most attractive people are kind and ask for nothing back．It tells you a lot about a person when they help a stranger with directions，a homeless person with a meal，a friend with an immediate move and a family member with a listening ear． 3 ． 4 People who are kind but say yes to everything are not kind．They are just people-pleasers who are constantly seeking agreement and have a hidden motive most of the time．They are never afraid to say no to unhealthy relationships and self-doubts． A sense of humor You know that kind of person，right? The one who doesn't take themselves too seriously． 5 ．When talking with them，you'll find your guard naturally comes down，and that you're transported back to that childlike state．It's like that they accept you with all your flaws (瑕疵)．This sense of comfort and acceptance is attractive． A．Having bottom lines B．Thinking before acting C．These little things make a big difference D．Charm is all about the treasure that lies within E．Friendship is built on trust and help from one another F．The one that can make you laugh until your stomach hurts G．Their energy is so powerful that it lights up your own ambitions 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何变得更有吸引力。 1．D　[由标题How To Be More Attractive和下文小标题可知，文章讲述如何变得更有吸引力，再结合上文可知，该空内容应该与吸引力或魅力与内在、看不见的东西相关。D选项“魅力是存在于内在的宝藏”切合语境。故选D项。] 2．G　[由小标题Living with passion and purpose可知，作者建议要想变得更有吸引力，你可以带着热爱和目标去生活，再结合上文可知，有热衷的爱好和目标的人，他们身上散发着自信、自律和决心的气息，你会被他们所吸引，该空应该讲你被这样的人吸引所产生的结果——你也被激发志气，充满激情和目标地去生活，从而变得更有吸引力。G选项“他们的能量如此强大，以至于激发了你的雄心壮志”呼应下文“It leaves you with a whisper，‘You've got this too’．(它会给你留下私语：‘你也有这个。’)”，下文中“this”指的就是因为有热衷的爱好和目标去生活而产生的吸引力。故选G项。] 3．C　[由小标题Empathy & compassion可知，作者建议要想变得更有吸引力，你要有同理心和同情心。再结合上文可知，该空应该讲小善举会带来的影响。C选项“这些小事会带来很大的不同”切合语境，选项中“These little things”呼应上文提到的各种小善举的例子。故选C项。] 4．A　[该空为小标题，需总结下文。由下文可知，作者认为要想变得更有吸引力，你要善良，但不能一味地去善良，要做一个敢于对不健康的关系和自我怀疑说“不”的有善良底线的人。A选项“有底线”切合语境。故选A项。] 5．F　[由小标题A sense of humor可知，作者建议要想变得更有吸引力，你要有幽默感。再结合下文可知，该空应该与有幽默感的人相关。F选项“那个能让你笑到肚子疼的人”切合语境。故选F项。] 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$