08 UNIT 2 Understanding each other Period 1 单元词汇表-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 1　 单元词汇表(Wordlist) 1．react vi．(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 2．obtain vt．获得，赢得 3．negotiate vi．& vt．谈判；商定，达成(协议) 4．fold vt．折叠，对折；包，裹 n．褶，褶层，折叠部分 5．clarify vt．使更清晰易懂，阐明 6．knowledgeable adj． 博学的，有见识的 7．gain vt．& vi．获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n．好处，利益 8．sympathy n．同情；赞同 9．vocabulary n．词汇，词汇量 10．recite vt．吟诵；列举 11．cooperate vi．合作，协作；协助，配合 12．integrate vt．& vi．(使)合并；(使)加入 13．reject vt．拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 14．sincerely adv．真诚地，诚实地 15．contest n．比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt．争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议 16．oppose vt．反对，抵制；与……对垒 17．slip vi．滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n．差错；纸条；滑跤 1．He folded (fold) the map up and put it in his pocket． 2．The figures were obtained (obtain) by extrapolating from past trends． 3．The country gained (gain) its independence ten years ago． 4．He recited (recite) the whole poem without making a single slip yesterday． 5．The populace at large are opposed (oppose) to the sudden change． 6．Unfortunately，she slipped (slip) over on the ice and broke her leg． 7．The community reacted (react) quickly and spread the word about safety． 8．Certain questions have yet to be clarified (clarify)． 1．competent adj．足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的→competence n．能力，胜任；技能→competently adv．能干地，胜任地；不错地 2．suit vt．满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服→suitable adj．合适的；适宜的 3．approve vi．& vt．赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n．批准；同意，赞成→approving adj．赞成的 4．prefer vt．喜欢……多于……，较喜欢→preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物 5．embarrass vt．使窘迫，使为难→embarrassed adj．窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrassing adj．使人害羞的→embarrassment n．窘迫；难堪；使人为难的处境 6．intend vt．想要；打算；意指→intention n．意图，计划 7．correspond vi．类似于；相一致，符合；通信→correspondence n．通信；相似；来往信件 8．behave vi．& vt．表现得体，有礼貌；表现→behaviour n．行为；举止；态度；表现方式 9．tolerate vt．容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受→tolerant adj．宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．宽容，忍受，忍耐力 10．tend vi．常常就；往往会；趋向，倾向 vt．照料，护理；招待→tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 1．He stood out in terms of competence(competent) from all his fellows． 2．I don't have anything suitable(suit) to wear for the party． 3．She desperately wanted to win her father's approval(approve)． 4．Many people expressed a strong preference(prefer) for the original plan． 5．He felt embarrassed(embarrass) at being the centre of attention． 6．He left England with the intention(intend) of travelling in Africa． 7．His behaviour(behave) towards her was becoming more and more aggressive． 8．I have a tendency (tend) to talk too much when I'm nervous． 1．put yourself in sb．'s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 2．account for sth． 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 3．approve of 赞成，赞同 4．broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界 5．in response 作为回应 6．depend on 依赖，依靠 1．Before being quick to judge someone for their actions，you should put yourself in their shoes． 2．I am writing in response to your enquiry． 3．We must account for every penny we spend during a business trip． 4．Her parents approved of her marrying the reliable and straightforward man last year． 5．Studying traditional Chinese culture can not only broaden our minds but also improve our national confidence． 由新知联想已知 1．obtain vt．获得，赢得 [联想]　表示“获得，取得，得到”的动词还有：acquire，gain，get，win，earn，attain，achieve等。 2．put yourself in sb．'s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 [联想]　be in one's shoes 处在某人的境地 fill one's shoes 妥善代职 another pair of shoes 另一回事 3．broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界 [联想]　make up one's mind 下定决心 be in two minds about 犹豫不决；拿不定主意 come to sb．'s mind 被某人突然记起 change one's mind 改变主意 keep/bear sth．in mind 记住某事 4．pessimistic adj．悲观的，悲观主义的 [联想]　optimistic adj．乐观的 positive adj．积极乐观的 negative adj．消极的；否定的 第一篇课文(Reading) ①interpret vt．诠解；领会；把……理解为 ②greeting n．问候；致意；招呼 ③accompany vt．陪伴；陪同；与……同时发生 ④function vi．起作用；运转 n．作用，功能 ⑤dependent adj．依赖的，依靠的；取决于……的 ⑥encode vt．把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码) ⑦face to face 面对面 ⑧in response作为回应 ⑨refer to描述；涉及；与……相关 ⑩original adj．起初的；原来的 ⑪patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力 ⑫accomplish vt．完成；达到 ⑬expectation n．预料；期望；盼望 ⑭background n．出身背景；学历；经历 ⑮depend on取决于；依靠 ⑯furthermore adv．再者；而且 ⑰appropriate adj．合适的；恰当的 ⑱equally adv．同样地；平等地 ⑲reveal vt．揭示；透露 ⑳attentive adj．注意的；专心的；留意的 ㉑indicate vt．表明；暗示 ㉒additionally adv．此外；又；加之 ㉓clue n．线索 ㉔adjust vt．调整 ㉕confused adj．迷惑的；不清楚的 ㉖vital adj．对……极重要的 ㉗put yourself in sb．'s shoes处于某人的境地，设身处地 ㉘perspective n．观点；态度；思考方法 ㉙engage vt．雇用；聘用；吸引住(注意力、兴趣) ㉚complicated adj．复杂的；难懂的 ㉛account for sth．是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 ㉜approve of 赞成，赞同 ㉝interaction n．交流，沟通，合作；相互影响 Effective communication If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room，how would you react? Just these two words can carry a lot of information．They could be interpreted① as a welcoming greeting② from a close friend，especially if accompanied③ by a gentle smile．[1] When spoken by a stranger，they can function④ as a means of attracting your attention．Much of what we communicate is dependent⑤ not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them．So，let's look a little deeper into the topic of communication． [1]本句是一个省略句，accompanied前省略了they are。 Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver．The sender encodes⑥ a message and sends it face to face⑦，or through video，telephone，mail or social media．This message is then received and decoded by the receiver．In response⑧，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to⑨ as feedback．[2] This feedback is decoded by the original⑩ sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating． This communication process can be challenging but，with practice and patience⑪，you can become a highly competent communicator．To accomplish⑫ this，you need to know with whom you are communicating．[3] What is their age or position? What is their relationship with you? What expectations⑬ and cultural backgrounds⑭ do they have? Once you have obtained this information，you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them．Depending on⑮ whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co-worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation．Furthermore⑯，you will need to determine the appropriate⑰ style to use and how complex your choice of words should be．For example，if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner． Your body language is equally⑱ important，since it reveals⑲ a lot about your thoughts and attitudes．[4] Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver．A smile shows you are attentive⑳ to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate㉑ disinterest and create distrust or friction．Additionally㉒，you should not ignore the other person's body language，which will give you clues㉓ as to whether the conversation is going well or not．[5] When you notice a change in the other person's body language，you should adjust㉔ how you are communicating accordingly．If someone looks at you with a confused㉕ expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point．[6] Then you will need to clarify your message before moving on． [4]since引导原因状语从句。 [5]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the other person's body language。 [6]that引导宾语从句。 While being knowledgeable about body language is vital㉖[7]，the value of empathy should not be understated．Seek to understand the other person's emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes㉗ and looking at the situation from their perspective㉘．Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner，who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive．To engage ㉙him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective，you may express your sympathy by，for instance，saying，“I understand how you feel...” However，some issues may be complicated㉚and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do．[8]Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for㉛their emotions and empathize with them．You may not approve of㉜ their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from，which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly． [7]while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”。 [8]they do是定语从句，修饰the way。 Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions㉝ with others．Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive．So，get practising and good luck！ 有效交流 如果你听到有人从房间对面喊“嘿，你！”，你会怎么反应？只有这两个词也能承载很多信息。它们(这两个词)可以解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候，特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。当陌生人说话时，它们可以作为吸引你注意力的一种手段。我们交流的许多东西，不仅取决于我们使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。所以，让我们深入探讨一下交流这个话题。 交流是发送方和接收方之间的交换信息的过程。发送者编码一条消息，并通过面对面发送，或者通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体发送。然后，接收者接收并解码该消息。作为回应，接收者将编码消息发送回去，该消息被称为反馈。此反馈由原始发送者解码，整个循环周期自我重复，直到他们完成交流。 这个交流过程可能具有挑战性，但是，通过实践和耐心，你可以成为一个高度胜任的沟通者。要实现这一点，你需要知道你正在与谁沟通。他们多大年龄或职位是什么？他们和你有什么关系？他们有什么期望和文化背景？一旦你获得了这些信息，你就可以使用它来确定如何最好地与他们沟通。根据你是否正在与陌生人、朋友、家人或同事沟通，你需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合这种情况。此外，你还需要确定使用的适当方式以及你选择的单词应该有多复杂。例如，如果你是一个商人，正在与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地，用正式的语言，以直截了当的方式进行沟通。 你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它揭示了很多你的思想和态度。确保它清楚地支持你想要传递的消息。微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。另外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，它会给你线索，说明谈话是否顺利。当你注意到对方的肢体语言发生变化时，你应该相应地调整你的沟通方式。如果有人用一种困惑的表情看着你，这可能表明他们还没有完全理解你的观点。那么你需要在继续交流之前阐明你的信息。 尽管了解肢体语言非常重要，但是同理心的价值也是不容小觑的。通过设身处地从对方的角度看问题来试着理解对方的情绪。假设你正在和你的搭档讨论一个项目，他刚刚输掉了一场重要的篮球比赛，而且不积极。为了让他或她参与讨论并使你们的交流更有效，你可以表达你的同情，例如说，“我理解你的感受……”然而，有些问题可能很复杂，你可能会对其他人的感受感到困惑。只有当你仔细斟酌他们考虑问题的视角，你才能明白他们的情绪产生的原因，并感同身受。你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。 有效的沟通将使你能够恰当地处理差异和分歧，并改善你与他人的互动。良好的沟通技巧也将帮助你建立信任、获得尊重，使人际关系变得更加积极和富有成效。所以，开始练习吧，祝你好运！ 3 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$