05 UNIT 1 Honesty and responsibility Period 5 课文整体教学-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 5　 课文整体教学(Extended reading) 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．A speech about being confident． B．A speech about being adults． C．A speech about taking responsibility． D．A speech about being good students． 2．Whom does the author deliver the speech to? A．Teachers． B．Parents． C．Senior 1 students． D．Senior 3 students． 3．When a man is determined to admit his own mistakes，what virtue does he possess? A．The virtue of honesty． B．The virtue of integrity． C．The virtue of courage． D．The virtue of determination． 4．What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean? A．Improvement． B．Peace． C．Stability． D．Harmony． [答案]　1－4　CDCA 1．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节；收割，收获 vi．& vt．收割，捕猎 ①(教材原句)Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow． n．收成，收获量 ②Farmers are extremely busy during the harvest． n．收获季节 ③Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand． vt．收割 2．quote 　n．引语；原话 vt．& vi．引用，引述；举例说明；报价，开价 ①(教材原句)This quote tells us that a person should act for the benefit of society at large． n．引语 ②They quoted us ￡300 for installing the equipment． vt．报价，开价 ③Can you quote me an instance of when this happened？ vt．举例说明 ④He quoted a passage from the minister's speech． vt．引用，引述 1．(学会断句)Hopefully，you have learnt to treat responsibility/not as a weight/that burdens you，but rather as a foundation/which will support your future development． [分析]　本句是复合句，含有not...but...结构；not后面有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a weight；but后面有一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a foundation。 [翻译]　希望你们已经学会不把责任当作烦扰你们的负担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。 2．(学会断句)As you go through your daily life，you will encounter many difficult situations/where things may go wrong． [分析]　本句中As引导时间状语从句；主句中又含有一个where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词situations。 [翻译]　在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。 3．(学会断句)You may have heard the story of a small boy/who tried to save starfish/left on the beach after a storm，by throwing them back into the sea． [分析]　本句是一个复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish，by throwing them back into the sea作方式状语。 [翻译]　或许你们听过一个小男孩的故事：风暴过后，男孩想要拯救留在海滩的海星，将它们扔回大海。 1．(应用文佳句)Honoured guests，teachers and students，it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion． 尊敬的来宾、老师和同学们，今天，我很高兴也非常荣幸能在这里欢迎各位，并在这样一个特别的场合，与大家分享我的想法。 2．(续写佳句)Always give your best in whatever you set out to do，however difficult that might be． 无论你打算做什么，无论多么困难，都要全力以赴。 3．(应用文佳句)However，just as the Chinese saying goes，“Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved．” 但正如中国一句俗语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。” 1．mercy n．仁慈，宽恕 (1)without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of 任……处置，对……无能为力 show mercy to... 怜悯…… have mercy on 对……表示怜悯 (2)merciful adj． 仁慈的；宽容的 be merciful to... 对……仁慈/怜悯 merciless adj． 无情的，残忍的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①He showed mercy to the thief and let him go． ②You tell me what I need to know and I'll be merciful(mercy)． ③一个善良的人应给予弱者怜悯。 a．A kind person must show mercy to/have mercy on the weak．(mercy) b．A kind person must be merciful to the weak．(merciful) 2．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 (1)find fault with　 挑剔；批评；抱怨 at fault 有责任；有过错 (2)fault vt． 发现错误；找出缺点 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The minister is quite satisfied with his secretary because he can find no fault with her work． ②Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for the poor signaling system． ③不是我的错为什么让我道歉？ Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault? 3．discouraged adj．灰心的 (1)discourage vt． 使丧失信心；使泄气；使灰心；阻拦，劝阻 discourage sb．from doing sth． 劝阻某人做某事 (2)discouragement n． 挫折；气馁；泄气；阻拦；使人灰心丧气的事情 (3)discouraging adj． 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His parents discouraged him from joining(join) the air force． ②Ask him to transform his discouragement (discourage) into practice． ③I shouldn't have made those discouraging (discourage) remarks． ④如果你与中国学生交流有困难，不要泄气。 Don't be discouraged if you have some difficulty in communicating with Chinese students． “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构 (教材P12)Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow． 今天播下成功的种子，明天就会有丰硕的收获。 [句式分析]　本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。 Find ways to praise the students often，and you'll find they will open their hearts to you． 经常找方法表扬学生，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。 ·“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系，相当于“if条件状语从句＋主句”。 ·“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if not条件状语从句＋主句”。 ·“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another，further，earlier等词。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Gather substantial evidence，and he can prove his innocence with ease． ②Protect the environment，or we will be at the mercy of severe natural disasters． ③If you make more efforts，you will accomplish your goal you have been pursuing． →Make more efforts，and you will accomplish your goal you have been pursuing．(“祈使句＋and...”) →More efforts and you will accomplish your goal you have been pursuing．(“名词短语＋and...”) Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．The photographer is merciful (mercy) to the poor boy，and he often buys him some delicious food． 2．Though I have asked for her forgiveness(forgive)，but I don't know whether she will forgive me or not． 3．Facing the discouraging (discourage) outcome，I didn't know what to do next． 4．The operator was always finding fault with me，which made me boil with anger． 5．Give me a chance，and I will give you a wonderful surprise． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．我为自己的行为感到惭愧，因此写信向你道歉。 I am ashamed of my behaviour so I am writing to apologize to you． 2．老师进来的时候，我假装正在做习题。 I pretended to be doing my exercises when the teacher came in． 3．再给我一次机会，我将改正错误，努力学习。 Give me one more chance，and I will correct my mistake and work hard． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Dear students，it is my honour 1．to present (present) my thoughts on this special occasion． It is high time that you should become responsible young 2．adults (adult)．A person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own 3．careless (care) and thoughtless behaviour．As students，you must take your studies 4．seriously (serious) and be responsible for your own learning．Besides，you should also be ready to practise the virtues of courage，5．determination (determine) and integrity． Apart from personal development，you also have a responsibility to make a contribution 6．to our society．Work together，7．and we will gradually but continuously change our society for the betterment． Even though responsibilities may weigh on you，a man cannot 8．be perfected (perfect) without trials．So take your first step into the adult world by 9．accepting (accept) your responsibilities，and adulthood will be 10．an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you． 课时分层作业(二) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．They failed to meet the deadline (截止日期) because their time was deficient． 2．Don't be so heavy on her—it wasn't her fault(过错)． 3．Organic(有机的) and environment-friendly products are becoming more and more popular among people． 4．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus (奖金)． 5．Before you resign(辞职)，you should consider the effect it will have on your family． Ⅱ．选词填空 tear down，make one's fortune，lose contact，weigh on，arm in arm 1．Eventually he made his fortune by selling cotton quilts in big cities last year． 2．It has been assessed that tearing down the old building would take great efforts and money． 3．A serious conflict broke out and they lost contact with each other from that day on． 4．Don't let it weigh on your mind． 5．Every morning they come out from the house where they live and walk arm in arm down the street to work． Ⅲ．阅读理解 Fossils，the preserved remains of ancient life，serve as windows into the Earth's rich history．The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet． The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment．Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried．This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown． As the remains are buried，they experience layers of sediment (沉积层)．Over time，more layers gather，pressing the lower sediments．This process，known as sedimentation，plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed． Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process．It involves the infiltration (过滤) of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains．Groundwater，rich in minerals moves through these layers．The minerals replace the original organic material，transforming the remains into rock-like forms． Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification．Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism．This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals．For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers，the fossilization process involves pressure．Under the weight of sediments，these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints． The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains．Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants．This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了化石的形成过程及所需要的条件和因素。 1．What is the role of fossils in the modern times? A．To help protect our environment． B．To help explore the function of the Earth． C．To enhance knowing the long history of the universe． D．To provide an insight into the diverse life forms． D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet．”以及最后一段内容可知，化石可以帮助我们了解地球上的古代生物，进化以及古老的生物多样性。故选D项。] 2．Which of the following is the first step of fossilization? A．The quick pressure caused by rocks． B．The quick transformation of the remains． C．The rapid burial of the remains． D．The mix of groundwater and minerals． C　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在变成化石的过程中，第一步是要把动植物的遗骸迅速掩埋保存下来，这可以保护生物体不会受其敌人和环境等因素的影响而被破坏。故选C项。] 3．How can a good copy of organisms form? A．By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material entirely． B．By groundwater moving through them． C．By accumulating more pressure on them． D．By creating a protective environment． A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification．Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism．This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals．”可知，当矿物质代替有机物时，形成的化石更完好。故选A项。] 4．What's the text mainly about? A．The importance of fossils． B．The process of fossilization． C．The evolution of ancient animals． D．The preservation of the remains． B　[主旨大意题。本文第一段最后一句“The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet．”指出化石的形成是一次奇妙的旅程，在漫长的时间里展开，捕捉到了曾经生活在我们星球上的生命多样性的美好景象，此句起到引领下文的作用；下文主要介绍了化石的形成过程及所需要的条件和因素；由此可知，本文主要介绍化石的形成过程及所需要的条件和因素，B选项“The process of fossilization．”能够概括文章大意。故选B项。] Ⅳ．完形填空 Both Debbie and Simon work in the Sunbeam Travel Company．One day they were sitting in the office．The door opened and a lady entered．She glanced at them both， 1 a moment，then walked over and sat opposite Debbie．Debbie greeted her 2 in the corridor，and they got down to business． Simon 3 ，stood up and left．He met Mr Smith，the manager．“What's up，Simon? You don't look very 4 ．” “It's the customers，” Simon said．“They always prefer Debbie to me．I can't 5 it．” “I can．It's the way you 6 ．” “How can that be？” Simon said．“I don't even get a 7 to speak to them．” “Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon．Your body language is 8 ，too．” “What kind of language is that？” “It's the way you stand and sit and walk．It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes．Your whole 9 communicates things，even if you're not speaking．The way you look at customers doesn't give them a good impression，Simon．For example，you often rest your head on your 10 ．You don't smile．You don't turn your head or your body towards the customers．But look at Debbie．She's holding her head 11 ．She looks at the customer in the eye．She smiles．She turns her head and her body towards the customer．Your body language is telling customers to 12 ．Debbie's is making them feel welcome．That's why the customers go to her and not to you．” After that，Simon tried to improve his body language．This seemed to 13 ．Minutes later，a girl entered．Without 14 ，she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile．A few moments later，she left，still smiling． Mr Smith came over and said，“Well Simon，you 15 made a good impression on that customer．Well done．” “That wasn't a customer，” Simon said．“That was my sister．She wanted to borrow some money for lunch．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。在一家旅游公司工作的西蒙对于客户总是喜欢黛比而不喜欢他感到困惑，后来他的经理给他讲了肢体语言在沟通中的重要性，他试着改变。有一天，一位女孩来找西蒙并且一直很开心，经理以为西蒙给客户留下了好印象，结果这个女孩是西蒙的妹妹，是来找他借钱的。 1．A．listened　 B．stood　 C．looked　 D．paused D　[根据上文“She glanced at them both”和下文“then walked over and sat opposite Debbie”可知，应是她进来看到两个人，想看自己要找哪个业务员，所以应该是停下来确定要找哪个人，故选D。] 2．A．calmly　 B．wildly　 C．cheerfully　 D．hopefully C　[根据下文“they got down to business”可知，这名女士是来找黛比谈业务的，所以应该是指她高兴地打招呼，故选C。] 3．A．bowed　 B．sighed　 C．laughed　 D．nodded B　[根据下文“What's up，Simon? You don't look very ．”经理的问话可知，西蒙应该是不太开心，所以此处应该是指叹气，故选B。] 4．A．sad　 B．relaxed　 C．happy　 D．nervous C　[根据下文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said．‘They always prefer Debbie to me．I can't it．’”可知，客户更喜欢黛比，所以西蒙应该是看起来不太高兴，故选C。] 5．A．understand　 B．write　 C．believe　 D．guess A　[根据上文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said．‘They always prefer Debbie to me．’”可知，西蒙对客户喜欢黛比而不喜欢自己这件事没办法理解，故选A。] 6．A．think　 B．interpret　 C．communicate　 D．perceive C　[根据下文“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon．”可知，经理是说西蒙的沟通方式有问题，故选C。] 7．A．chance　 B．minute　 C．word　 D．right A　[根据上文“‘It's the customers，’ Simon said．‘They always prefer Debbie to me．’”可知，客户不太喜欢西蒙，所以应该是西蒙都没有说话的机会，故选A。] 8．A．creative　 B．adorable　 C．fun　 D．important D　[根据上文“Communicating is more than speaking and listening，Simon．”和常识可知，沟通不仅仅有说和听，肢体语言也很重要，故选D。] 9．A．style　 B．appearance　 C．speech　 D．character B　[根据上文“It's the way you stand and sit and walk．It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes．”可知，是指整体的外表，故选B。] 10．A．shoulder　 B．arm　 C．finger　 D．hand D　[根据空后“You don't smile．You don't turn your head or your body towards the customers．”和常识可知，是经常把头靠在手上，让客户感觉没有正视他们，故选D。] 11．A．high　 B．up　 C．steady　 D．back B　[根据下文“She looks at the customer in the eye．She smiles．She turns her head and her body towards the customer．”可知，黛比总是抬头挺胸的，故选B。] 12．A．go away　 B．go ahead　 C．get going　 D．get ready A　[根据空后“Debbie's is making them feel welcome．”可知，和黛比的肢体语言对比，西蒙的肢体语言是在告诉客户让客户离开，故选A。] 13．A．work　 B．confuse　 C．frustrate　 D．motivate A　[根据上文“After that，Simon tried to improve his body language．”和下文“she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile”可知，西蒙试着改进他的肢体语言似乎起作用了，故选A。] 14．A．invitation　 B．explanation　 C．permission　 D．hesitation D　[根据上文“After that，Simon tried to improve his body language．This seemed to ．”可知，西蒙试着改进肢体语言似乎奏效了，所以那个女孩应该是一进屋毫不犹豫地就坐在了西蒙的对面，故选D。] 15．A．probably　 B．certainly　 C．finally　 D．likely B　[根据上文“Without ，she sat down opposite Simon and gave him a big smile．A few moments later，she left，still smiling．”可知，经理认为西蒙一定是给那位顾客留下了好的印象，那位顾客才会一直很开心，故选B。] Ⅴ．语法填空 In the China Pavilion at the sixth China International Import Expo in Shanghai，a piece of bamboo art resembling a Taihu Lake Stone was the center of attention．Perfectly 1． (combine) traditional craftwork with natural art，it demonstrated the beauty of the stone after which it was modeled．It was the work of Qian Lihuai，an inheritor of traditional bamboo weaving techniques 2． amazed the viewers． “Bamboo weaving lacks documented records; the skills have always been passed down orally．I spent a 3． (consider) period interviewing seasoned craftsmen 4． carefully gathering records of weaving techniques，” Qian explains． After understanding the foundational logic of bamboo weaving and the patterns，Qian began to add artistic touches 5． his bamboo weaving． “My artistic innovation centers around 6． weaving can convey the nature of the world．For instance，we employ a diverse range of colors to 7． (strong) its expressive potential，filling bamboo weaving with a convincing language，” Qian adds． Additionally，there is a dynamic connection and dialogue with other materials．“8． (bamboo) unique combination of rigidity and flexibility，distinct from many other materials like metals or textiles，9． (position) it in a proper zone．I believe it can be used as an excellent adhesive (粘合剂) with other materials，”Qian explains． He has also taught his bamboo weaving techniques at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology，and says previously the course 10． (design) to encourage open-minded thinking，will definitely explore the ways to integrate bamboo weaving expertise into different fields． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了竹制艺术品，它将传统工艺与自然艺术完美地结合在一起。这里介绍了这一项技术的传承和发展。 1．combining　[考查非谓语动词。句意：它将传统工艺与自然艺术完美地结合在一起，展示了以此为基础进行造型的石头的美丽。分析句子结构可知，这里考查非谓语，combine与逻辑主语it构成主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作状语。故填combining。] 2．that　[考查强调句。句意：让观众惊叹的是传统竹编技艺传承人钱利淮的作品。分析句子结构可知，这里考查it is ...that构成的强调句，对本句的主语“the work of Qian Lihuai，an inheritor of traditional bamboo weaving techniques”进行强调。故填that。] 3．considerable　[考查形容词。句意：我花了相当长的时间采访经验丰富的工匠，仔细收集编织技术的记录。空后的period是名词，空处应用形容词作定语。故填considerable。] 4．and　[考查连词。句意同上。结合前后文语境可知，此空前的“interviewing seasoned craftsmen”和空后的“gathering records of weaving techniques”为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。] 5．to　[考查介词。句意：在了解了竹编的基本逻辑和图案之后，钱开始为竹编增添艺术色彩。这里考查add...to...表“添加……到……”，为固定搭配。故填to。] 6．how　[考查宾语从句。句意：我的艺术创新围绕着编织如何表达世界的本质。分析句子结构可知，这里考查宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用连接副词how。故填how。] 7．strengthen　[考查动词。句意：例如，我们使用多种颜色来增强其表现的潜力，用令人信服的语言来使竹编充满情感。分析句子结构可知，这里应填动词原形，与前面to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填strengthen。] 8．Bamboo's　[考查名词所有格。句意：与金属或纺织品等其他材料不同，竹子具有独特的刚性和灵活性，可以将其放置在适当的区域。此处bamboo与后文combination构成所属关系，应用名词所有格形式，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填Bamboo's。] 9．positions/will position　[考查时态。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处考查谓语，主语combination与position为主动关系，且这里可用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填positions/will position。] 10．designed　[考查非谓语动词。句意：他还曾在浙江科技大学教授竹编技术，此前他表示，这门旨在鼓励思想开放的课程肯定会探索将竹编专业知识融入不同领域的方法。分析句子结构可知，这里考查非谓语，the course和design之间为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作定语。故填designed。] 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$