24 UNIT 4 Protecting our heritage sites Period 3 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．preserve vt．维护，保护，保存；维持 [例]The calm courage of the pilot preserved the lives of the passengers． 飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的性命。 (1)preserve one's reputation 维护某人的名声 preserve sb．/sth．from sth． 保护，保全……免受…… (2)preservation n． 维护；保护；保持；保留 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They were determined to preserve their leader from attacks． ②In summer，large quantities of fruit may be preserved(preserve) by freezing or bottling． ③我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。 We have taken effective measures to preserve natural resources． 2．urgent adj．紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的 [例]The people here are in urgent need of food，medicine and shelters． 这里的人们急需食物、药品和庇护所。 (1)in urgent need of 急需 an urgent look 急切的神情 (2)urge vt． 催促；极力主张；驱策 urge sb．(not) to do sth． 催促，怂恿某人(不)做某事 urge sb．into doing... 敦促某人做…… urge sb．/sth．on 鼓励，激励，为……加油 　urge that... 强烈要求，极力主张……(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋do，其中should可以省略) It is urged that... 坚决要求……(从句谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”) (3)urgency n． 紧急；迫切 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The boys urged him to take(take) part in the competition． ②Urged on by fans，she sang another song． ③学生们强烈要求图书馆在周末期间保持开放。 It is strongly urged by students that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend． 3．conflict n．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi．冲突，抵触 [例]She often comes into conflict with her boss． 她经常与她的老板发生争执。 (1)in conflict with 与……冲突/矛盾 come into conflict with sb． 与某人发生冲突 (2)conflict with 与……冲突 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career． ②True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards． ③变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。 The changes are sure to conflict with the old traditions，so we must give it a second thought． 4．assess vt．评估，评定；估算 [例]It is difficult to assess the effects of a new law． 评估一项新法律的效果是很难的。 assess sth．/sb．as sth． 评价某事/某人为…… assess a tax on/upon sb． 向某人征税 assess sth．at... 核定、估算(某物的数量、价值) [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①They assessed the value of the house at over $25，000． ②The government will not assess a tax on/upon the peasants． 5．consultation n．咨询，商讨；就诊 [例]It's too soon to write off the whole consultation process as a failure． 现在就认定整个磋商过程不成功而想要放弃还为时过早。 (1)consult vt． 咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找 consult sb．about sth． 向某人咨询某事；向某人请教有关……的事 consult (with) sb．(about/on sth．) (就某事)与某人商量 consult a dictionary for the meaning of a word 查词典找某词的词义 (2)consultant n． 顾问 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①An increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes． ②The minister today had consultations(consult-ation) with the president． ③在你做关键的决定时，你应该和你的父母商量。 You should consult with your parents before you make any crucial decision． 1．not only...but also... (教材P45)Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves，but also for people． 这样的危险不仅会给遗产本身带来灾难性的后果，也会给人们带来灾难性的后果。 [句式分析]　本句中的not only...but also...结构表示“不但……，而且……”，连接并列的宾语。 [例1]She not only plays well，but also writes music． 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。 [例2]We go there not only in winter，but also in summer． 我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。 (1)当not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。 (2)为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film． ②Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water． 2．the more...，the more... (教材P45)The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，the more likely we are to treat them with respect． 我们越是承认遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越有可能尊重它们。 [句式分析]　本句中的the more...，the more...表示“越……，越……”。 [例1]The nearer the bear was，the more frightened we got． 离熊越近，我们就越害怕。 [例2]The harder he worked，the more he got． 他工作越努力，得到的就越多。 (1)该句型前一部分相当于从句，后面部分相当于主句；若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。 (2)The more，the better．多多益善。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The longer the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer(suffer)． ②你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。 The more you know about our traditional culture，the more you are interested in it． ③你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．Not only he but also we are(be) going to the cinema this evening． 2．The more she thought about it，the more depressed she became． 3．There is a strong possibility that such cooperation(cooperate) will prove unworkable． 4．Many parents opposed the division(divide)of the classes into different sets． 5．Take notes during the consultation(consult) as the final written report is very brief． 6．What did you do in the annually assessment(assess)of the company? 7．This show conflicted with another show that aired at the same time． 8．Naturally，the tobacco industry is violently(violent) opposed． 9．He lives a very simple life for a man who has become incredibly(incredible) rich． 10．Western governments have this week urged him to negotiate(negotiate) and avoid force． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．令人伤心的是，一些遗址由于某种原因而变成了废墟。 It is sad that some heritage sites have fallen into ruin for some reason． 2．我们急需采取行动保护它们。 We are in urgent need of taking action to protect them． 3．专家们建议我们建立一些协会来保护这些遗址。 Specialists suggest that we (should) set up some associations to preserve the heritage sites． 4．我们坚信，我们越关注这些遗址，它们就保存得越完好。 We hold the firm belief that the more we pay attention to the heritage sites，the more well-preserved they will be． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Heritage sites face a 1．variety(various) of dangers and they are in 2．urgent(urge) need of protection．Heritage sites are 3．at risk from natural forces，such as wind，water and temperature，4．which can wear down heritage sites．Another big danger is human 5．activities(activity)．Wars do a great deal of damage to heritage sites．The flood of tourists can cause a bit of wear and tear to heritage sites．Widespread 6．development(develop) puts heritage sites in danger．Some of them are even at risk of 7．being lost(lose) forever．These dangers can lead to 8．disastrous(disaster) outcomes not only for the sites themselves，but also for people．9．For the benefit of mankind，we should take action to protect and preserve them，not just for 10．ourselves(our)，but for future generations． 课时分层作业(十) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．We are trying to assess(评估) how well the system works． 2．The pillars gave way and a section of the roof collapsed(倒塌)． 3．Although many of the stones have fallen out，the monument remains very well preserved(保护)． 4．He could be called an artist，as he was good at sculpture(雕刻)． 5．There is a conflict(冲突) between what they are doing and what you want． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．Her husband is violently(violent) opposed to the idea of adopting the orphan． 2．It may take some time before we can make an accurate assessment(assess) of the damage． 3．Surprisingly，the cottage stands on the top of the hill in our village belonging(belong) to cultural heritage． 4．Cultural conflicts(conflict) can occur whenever you travel，but once in a while they happen in some truly unexpected ways． 5．In a word，we must preserve the water and find ways to reuse it．If not，the last drop of water will be our teardrop． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A There are many heritage sites in the world．The following are four sites in UNESCO World Heritage List． Easter Island，Chile This place is famous for its huge stone statues．The first European visitors，the Dutch，named it Easter Island in memory of their day of arrival．The small and hilly island was formed by volcanoes．Easter Island was added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995． Dinosaur Provincial Park，Canada The park is best known for its extensive fossil(化石)beds，within which 35 species of dinosaurs from about 65 million to 100 million years ago have been identified．There are also fossilized remains of fish，reptiles，and amphibians．The area was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979． Hadrian's Wall，England This is a Roman barrier that guarded the border of Britain．Hadrian (ruled in 117－138 CE) went to Britain in 122 and was the first to build a wall，80 miles long，to separate the Romans from the barbarians．There was no intention of fighting on top of the wall; the soldiers there were trained to encounter the enemy in the open．In 1987，Hadrian's Wall was recognized by UNESCO as a UNESCO World Heritage Site． Salonga National Park，Congo This is the largest reserve in Congo，covering more than 14，000 square miles．The park was established in 1970．The thick forest provides habitats for various animals like parrots，elephants and monkeys．Park visitors observe the animals from motorized river boats．The park was entered into the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》中的四个景点。 1．When was Easter Island listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site? A．In 1979．　　　 B．In 1984． C．In 1987． D．In 1995． D　[细节理解题。根据Easter Island，Chile 部分中最后一句“Easter Island was added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995．”可知，复活节岛于1995年被列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。故选D。] 2．What was the original purpose of building the Hadrian's Wall? A．To defend against the Romans． B．To honor the British soldiers． C．To protect the Romans from attack． D．To keep watch on top of the wall． C　[细节理解题。根据Hadrian's Wall，England部分中前两句“This is a Roman barrier...”可知，建造哈德良长城的最初目的是保护罗马人不受攻击。故选C。] 3．Which site would you like to visit if you want to see animals? A．Easter Island． B．Dinosaur Provincial Park． C．Hadrian's Wall． D．Salonga National Park． D　[细节理解题。根据Salonga National Park，Congo部分中第三、四句“The thick forest provides habitats for various animals like parrots，elephants and monkeys．Park visitors observe the animals from motorized river boats．”(这片茂密的森林为各种动物提供了栖息地，如鹦鹉、大象和猴子。公园的游客从摩托内河船上观察动物。)可知，如果你想看动物，可以去刚果的萨隆加国家公园。故选D。] B While I was working at a French school，I was often preparing my work in the staff room．Sometimes I would hear the school secretary talking．At first I thought she was talking to me，as there was no one else in the room except me，so I tried to respond to her．However，I soon realized that in fact，she was talking to herself．I noticed a lot of people do this in France．In the UK，people might think you're a bit strange if you talk to yourself at work，but there it seemed quite normal．It really did confuse me at times，because I was not sure whether people were talking to me or just talking to themselves． Another area of confusion involved the French language．In French，there are two ways to say “you”：“tu” is the informal form while “vous” is the formal form．This is an aspect of French which，even now，I do not really understand．When I learnt French，I was taught to call everyone vous unless they were my family or friends．So I was surprised that virtually everyone in France used the informal tu all the time．School children used tu when they stayed with their teachers and all the staff called the head teacher tu．But I continued to use vous because I didn't want people to think I was impolite． As you might know，school children in the UK traditionally wear school uniforms but in France pupils do not wear a uniform．It was a culture shock for me to see children wear Spiderman T-shirts and baggy(宽松的) blue jeans in the classroom． I found the differences puzzling at times，but I couldn't deny what a great opportunity it was to live and work in another country．The UK and France are only separated by a small channel of the sea，but there are many differences between the two countries． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。在法国，作者经历了不同的文化，其中有好多事使作者感到非常困惑，包括职场交际、语言特色和学生着装等。尽管如此，作者为体验到不同的文化而感到庆幸。 4．In the staff room，the school secretary ________． A．always chatted online B．interrupted the writer C．talked to herself often D．always made speeches C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“However，I soon realized that in fact，she was talking to herself．”可知，这位秘书喜欢自言自语。] 5．Why did the author always use “vous” when talking to others? A．She tried to be polite to others． B．She couldn't tell tu from vous at all． C．She didn't have close friends in France． D．She couldn't understand French very well． A　[细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，作者想尽量做到礼貌待人。] 6．How did the author feel seeing French kids wear Spiderman T-shirts at school? A．Pleased． B．Embarrassed． C．Frightened． D．Surprised． D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，作者在法国看到学生穿着蜘蛛侠的T恤感到很吃惊。] 7．What made the author feel happy to live in France? A．Experiencing different cultures． B．Communicating in an informal way． C．Traveling along the channel of the sea． D．Having a chance to work with French teachers． A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“but I couldn't deny what a great opportunity it was to live and work in another country”可知，作者喜欢在法国生活和工作是因为能体验不同的文化。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 There are about 6，000 languages that are spoken around the world． 1 If no action is taken，some of these languages will become extinct． 2 One is that some communities of native speakers of the endangered languages no longer exist，The Huffington Post reported．These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns． In addition，the languages of “dominant” cultures may drive other languages into extinction．To get a better education and job，young people have to focus their attention on learning dominant languages rather than their own languages．Dominant languages include English，French and Mandarin． Once a language dies，it rarely comes back to life． 3 In New Zealand，the government has said it wants more than 20 percent of the country's population to be able to speak basic Maori，an indigenous(本地的)language，by 2040．It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025，The New York Times reported． In September，2018，the US state of Alaska announced that the loss of native languages was an “emergency”． 4 Some people argued that language loss，like the loss of some animal species，is simply a fact of life on earth． 5 When we lose a language，we lose the world view and culture of the people who spoke it．Language itself is often the only way to convey a certain community's history and culture，as well as its knowledge of things like math and geography，the BBC noted． A．But what about the endangered languages? B．What can people do to preserve languages? C．Languages become endangered for many reasons． D．However，all languages are a form of human heritage． E．Governments across the globe are taking action to prevent this． F．But 43 percent of these languages are dying out，according to UNESCO． G．It is now working to give new life to such languages，Quartz reported． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。世界上有很多语言濒临消亡，这是人类遗产的损失，人们正在采取措施保护濒危语言。 1．F　[根据下文“If no action is taken，some of these languages will become extinct．”(如果不采取行动，这些语言中的一些将会消亡。)可知，此处是指很多语言即将消亡。所以选项F(但根据联合国教科文组织的数据，这些语言中有43%正在消亡。)切合文意，且“these languages”指代上文中的“about 6，000 languages”。故选F。] 2．C　[根据下文(据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，其中一个原因是，一些以濒危语言为母语的群体已经不复存在。这些人有时会离开他们的社区，搬到城市或城镇。)可知，本段叙述的是语言消失的原因。所以选项C(语言变得濒危的原因有很多。)切合文意。故选C。] 3．E　[根据下文可知，这里指政府在保护濒危语言方面的努力。所以选项E(世界各国政府都在采取行动防止这种情况的发生。)切合文意，且选项中this指代上句“Once a language dies，it rarely comes back to life．”这种现象。故选E。] 4．G　[根据上文“In September，2018，the US state of Alaska announced that the loss of native languages was an ‘emergency’．”(2018年9月，美国阿拉斯加州宣布，母语的丧失是一个“紧急事件”。)可知，选项G(据Quartz网站报道，该政府目前正在努力赋予这类语言新的生命。)切合文意， It指代上文的“the US state of Alaska”。故选G。] 5．D　[根据上文(有人认为语言的消亡就像一些动物物种的消失一样，不过是地球上的一个生活的现实)和下文(当我们失去一种语言，我们就失去了说这种语言的人的世界观和文化。)可知，选项D(然而，所有的语言都是人类遗产的一种形式。)与上句构成转折关系又引起下文。故选D。] 10/11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$