15 UNIT 3 Back to the past Period 1 单元词汇表-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 1　 单元词汇表(Wordlist) 1．load vt．& vi．装上，装入 n．负载；承载量；大量 2．dismiss vt．不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 3．proof n．证据，证明 4．insist vi．& vt．坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 5．route n．路线，路途；途径，渠道 6．panic n．惊恐，恐慌vi．& vt．(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 7．regardless adv．不顾，不加理会 8．shore n．岸，滨 9．captain n．船长，机长；上校；队长 10．available adj．可获得的，可找到的；有空的 11．phrase n．成语，习语；短语，词组 12．shelf n．(pl．shelves)(书架等的)架子，搁板 13．pack vt．& vi．塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包 14．contrary adj．相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 15．aboard prep．& adv．在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) 16．washroom n．洗手间，厕所 17．uniform n．制服；队服 adj．一致的，统一的 18．meanwhile adv．同时；其间；对比之下 19．drag vt．拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 20．chaos n．混乱，杂乱 21．sink vi．& vt．(sank，sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 22．reform vt．改进，改良，改革 n．改革，改良 23．output n．产量，输出量 24．cloth n．织物，布料 25．shift n．改变，转移；轮班 vi．& vt．(使)移动，(使)转移；改变 26．cottage n．小屋，村舍 1．These results are a further proof (proof)of his outstanding ability． 2．The couple loaded(load) up their red sports car and drove off． 3．He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss(dismiss) him． 4．Mum insisted(insist) that we dress up when we went shopping． 5．How many routes(route) were there in the Silk Road？ 6．I panicked (panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine． 7．I helped him put up some shelves(shelf) in his bedroom． 8．It did not take Andrew long to pack(pack) a suitcase． 9．What do you think of the proposals to reform(reform) the security system？ 10．Mark was dragged(drag) from the burning wreckage of his car just before it exploded． 11．My arms were aching so I shifted(shift) my position slightly． 12．My heart sank (sink) when I saw how much work there was left． 1．convince vt．使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→convincing adj．令人信服的；有说服力的→convinced adj．坚信的；确信的 2．navigate vt．航行；导航 vi．导航→navigation n．导航；航行；航海 3．strong adj．强烈的；坚定的；强壮的→strength n．力气；体力；强度；力度；长处→strengthen vt．& vi．加强，增强 4．harmony n．和谐；协调→harmonious adj．友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 5．acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 6．influence vt．影响 n．影响力；影响→influential adj．有很大影响力的，有支配力的 7．finance n．金融；财政；资金vt．提供资金→financial adj．财政的，金融的，财务的 8．depart vi．& vt．离开，起程→departure n．出发；离开 9．short adj．短的；个子矮的；短缺的→shortage n．不足，短缺 10．astonish vt．使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishing adj．令人十分惊讶的→astonished adj．感到十分惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶；大为惊奇 11．extensive adj．广阔的；广泛的→extensively adv．广阔地；广泛地 12．prison n．监狱→prisoner n．犯人 13．adopt vt．采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi．领养，收养→adopted adj．收养的；领养的；移居的→adoption n．采用；收养 14．compare vt．& vi．对比；比较；与……相似→comparison n．对比；比较 15．violent adj．暴力的→violence n．暴力；暴行→violently adv．猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 16．dive vi．俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水→diver n．潜水者 17．thunder vi．轰隆隆地响；打雷 n．雷，雷声→thunderous adj．雷鸣般的；声音很大的 18．freeze vi．& vt．突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj．冰冻的；极冷的→frozen adj．冷冻的；冻僵的；惊呆 19．pray vi．& vt．企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告→prayer n．祈祷，祷告；祈祷文 1．Her work is influential (influence) in feminist psychology． 2．The reason for its success owes much to the speakers' large adoption (adopt) of wonderful phrases and idioms． 3．The amount of carbon dioxide released by human activities such as burning coal and oil is visibly small in comparison (compare)． 4．Energy conservation is of vital importance to us because our society is facing energy shortage (short)． 5．If everyone in the society can give a helping hand to each other，it is more likely that our society will become more harmonious (harmony)． 6．It is freezing cold in this room and I am absolutely frozen．(freeze) 7．The news about domestic violence reported that a man was arrested for abusing his wife violently．(violent) 8．In order to strengthen his body，Tom takes regular exercise，and now he has become so strong that he has enough strength to carry big stones．(strength) 9．It won't bother you because the project is financed by the government，so there are no financial problems．(finance) 10．His performance was met with thunderous(thunder) applause． 11．He learned his trade as a diver (dive) in the North Sea． 12．All these issues have been extensively (extensive) researched in recent years． 1．on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 2．regardless of 不管，不顾 3．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 4．sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5．contrary to 与……相反 6．cottage industry家庭手工业 1．We urged them to sort out the problem sooner rather than later． 2．We have to allow for the possibility that we might not finish this project on schedule． 3．On behalf of the Student Council，I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese literature． 4．In contrast，adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others． 由新知联想已知 1．load vt．& vi．装上，装入n．负载；承载量；大量 [联想]　①install vt．安装 ②download vt．下载 ③upload vt．上传 2．strengthen vt．& vi．加强，增强 [联想]　①shorten vt．&vi．(使)变短，缩短 ②widen vt．& vi．(使)变宽 ③deepen vt．& vi．(使情感、感觉等)加强，变强烈 ④sharpen vt．&vi．(使)变得锋利，变得清晰 3．acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 [联想]　①admit vt．承认 ②recognize vt．承认；认可 ③thank vt．谢谢，感谢 4．route n．路线，路途；途径，渠道 [联想]　①path n．路线 ②way n．路，道 ③channel n．渠道；途径 ④track n．路径，路线 5．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi．& vt．(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 [联想]　①terrify vt．使恐惧，使惊恐 ②alarm vt．使惊恐 ③frighten vi．& vt．使惊恐 6．adopt vt．采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi．领养，收养 [联想]　①accept vt．& vi．接受，收受 ②introduce vt．引见；采用 第一篇课文(Reading) ①set sail 启航；张帆 ②voyage n．航海，航行，航天 vi．航行，远行 his first voyage他的第一次航行 ③fleet n．舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 ④navigate vt．航行；导航 vi．导航 navigate the blue seas在蓝色的海上航行 ⑤on board在船上(或飞机上、火车上) ⑥length n．长度 ⑦on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 ⑧a total of总共 ⑨load vt．& vi．装上，装入n．负载，承载量；大量 be loaded with满载着 ⑩compass n．罗盘，指南针；圆规 take compass readings读取罗盘读数 ⑪log n． 航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi．& vt．伐木 keep logs of记录……的日志 ⑫far-reaching adj．影响深远的 ⑬set foot 进入到某处；踏上 ⑭strengthen vt．& vi．加强，增强 ⑮harmonious adj．友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 strengthen harmonious relations加强和谐关系 ⑯dismiss vt．不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 ⑰proof n．证据，证明 ⑱acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 ⑲influential adj． 有很大影响力的，有支配力的 ⑳make great discoveries取得重大发现 ㉑show great interest in对……表现出浓厚的兴趣 ㉒insist vi．& vt．坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 insist on doing sth．坚持做某事 ㉓route n． 路线，路途；途径，渠道 ㉔financial adj．财政的，金融的，财务的 ㉕depart vi．& vt．离开，起程 depart from从……出发 ㉖shortage n．不足，短缺 a shortage of food食物短缺 ㉗leak vi．漏，渗漏；渗入 vt．漏，渗漏；泄露 n．漏洞 ㉘in grave danger处于严重的危险之中 ㉙panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi．& vt．(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 in panic处于极度恐慌或紧张的状态 ㉚regardless adv．不顾，不加理会 regardless of不管，不顾 ㉛keep everyone out of danger确保每个人都平安 ㉜in the distance在远处 ㉝shore n．岸，滨 ㉞over the course of 在……的过程中 ㉟subsequent adj．随后的，后来的 ㊱captain n．船长，机长；上校；队长 ㊲allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 Sailing the oceans Zheng He In the summer of 1405，Zheng He，one of China's greatest explorers，set sail①from Taicang on his first voyage②．A fleet③ of over 200 ships navigated④ the blue seas，with almost 28，000 people on board⑤，which was a splendid scene．[1] It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas．According to some records，the largest ships were over 140 metres in length⑥，demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships． [1]句子主干是a fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas，后跟with复合结构作状语；which was a splendid scene是非限制性定语从句，which指前面主句叙述的这种情况。 Between 1405 and 1433，on behalf of⑦the Ming Dynasty，Zheng He made a total of⑧ seven voyages．His ships were loaded⑨ with china，silk，tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers，and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions．[2] He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa．As they sailed，the navigators took compass⑩ readings，kept logs⑪of their voyages and charted the coast．Later the detailed maps became Zheng He's Navigation Map． [2]本句是and连接的并列句，前面分句的句子主干是His ships were loaded with...；后边分句的主干是the fleet paid friendly visits to...。 Zheng He's seven voyages had a far-reaching⑫impact on China and its neighbours．In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot⑬，legends have been passed on about this great explorer．Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen⑭harmonious⑮relations with these countries and regions，exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands．[3] [3]句子主干是Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations...；两个并列的动词-ing形式短语exposing foreign people...和 allowing the Chinese to better understand...作状语。 For many years，some historians dismissed⑯the records of these voyages as legends．The final proof⑰came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing，where the fleet had been built．Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged⑱，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential⑲explorers． Christopher Columbus Those who make great discoveries⑳ must often overcome many challenges along the way－as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus．[4] Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451．As a teenager，he loved sailing，and he showed great interest in㉑geography，which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman． [4]句子主干是Those must often overcome many challenges，who引导定语从句修饰Those，破折号后面的as从句用于解释说明前面的主句。 Columbus insisted㉒on searching for a direct sea route㉓to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean．After continuous attempts，he received financial㉔support from the King and Queen of Spain．On 3 August 1492，he departed㉕from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen．The journey was full of challenges: it took longer than expected，they faced a shortage㉖of food，and one of the ships was leaking㉗badly，which put everyone on this ship in grave danger㉘．[5] The men on board were in panic㉙．Regardless㉚ of all the challenges，Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger㉛with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean．Finally，on 12 October，the crew spotted land in the distance㉜．Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies．[6] However，the shores㉝they had reached were of the Caribbean，not the East Indies． [5]句子主干是The journey was full of challenges，冒号后面跟了三个并列的分句来解释说明主句，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代分句one of the ships was leaking badly的内容。 [6]句子主干是Columbus called the natives Indians，其中Indians 是宾补，living on the islands是动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰the natives，后面because引导原因状语从句。 Between 1493 and 1504，Columbus found more land over the course of㉞his three subsequent㉟voyages．The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World．His discovery inspired explorers such as Captain㊱James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world．His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings．[7] This period also allowed for㊲ an international exchange of ideas and cultures． [7]主干是His voyages opened a new chapter，后面的a period是同位语，which引导定语从句，修饰a period。 扬帆远航 郑和 1405年夏天，中国最伟大的探险家之一郑和从太仓启航，开始了他的第一次航行。一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的海上航行，船上有近28 000人，场面十分壮观。要花500年才能有一支更大的舰队出海航行。根据一些记录可知，船队中最大的船只长度超过140米，显示了建造船只的先进技术和特殊技能。 1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。他的船上装载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，作为馈赠外国统治者的礼物，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行了友好的访问。他甚至远航到非洲东海岸。当他们航行时，领航员读取罗盘读数，记录航行日志，绘制海岸图。后来详细的地图成了《郑和航海图》。 郑和的七次航行对中国及其邻国都产生了深远的影响。在郑和踏足的国家和地区，一直流传着关于这位伟大的探险家的传说。郑和的努力有助于发展和加强同这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人了解中国文化，使中国人更好地了解海外。 多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。在建造船队的南京发现的一个巨大的造船厂最终证明了这一事实。郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。 克里斯托弗·哥伦布 那些取得重大发现的人必须经常克服许多挑战，就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。哥伦布于1451年出生在意大利的一个港口城市。十几岁时，他就喜欢航海，他对地理表现出极大的兴趣，这激励了他作为一个海员开始他的职业生涯。 哥伦布坚持要横渡大西洋，寻找直达东印度群岛的海上航线。经过不断的努力，他得到了西班牙国王和王后的资助。1492年8月3日，他带着三艘载有大约90名船员的船从西班牙起程。旅程中充满了挑战：时间比预期的要长，他们面临着食物短缺，其中一艘船严重漏水，这使船上的每个人都处于严重的危险之中。船上的人惊慌失措。不顾所有的挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。最后，在10月12日，船员们发现了远处的陆地。哥伦布称居住在群岛上的土著为印第安人，因为他确信自己在东印度群岛。然而，他们到达的海岸是加勒比海地区，而不是东印度群岛。 1493年至1504年间，哥伦布在随后的三次航行中发现了更多的陆地。这位伟大的探险家的主要贡献是他“发现”了新世界。他的发现激励了像詹姆斯·库克船长等探险家去探索和发现世界上更广阔的地区。他的航行揭开了大航海时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。 10/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$