12 UNIT 2 Out of this world Period 5 课文整体教学-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 5　 课文整体教学(Extended reading) 1．What can we benefit from space exploration? A．It may take us much time and lots of money． B．It can expand our understanding of the universe． C．It will enhance the quality of our lives on the Earth． D．It can enable us to visit other planets in the solar system． 2．How does the author prove “It is in our nature to explore．”？ A．By giving some examples． B．By making a comparison． C．By quoting a famous person． D．By stating his own opinion． 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning space exploration? A．Its important findings． B．Its research process． C．Its existing challenges． D．Its major contributions． 4．What is the author's attitude towards the future of space exploration? A．Favourable． B．Intolerant． C．Doubtful． D．Unclear． 5．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A．To explain how to explore space． B．To tell a story of space exploration． C．To present the reasons for space exploration． D．To inspire the next generation to explore space． [答案]　1－5　BCDAC 1．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) vi．频繁往来(于两地之间) ①(教材原句)Shock absorbers originally applied to the space shuttle launch have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives． n．航天飞机 ②To get across town，you can take the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central． n．来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) ③Her childhood was spent shuttling between her mother and father． vi．频繁往来(于两地之间) 2．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj． 助理的，副的 ①(教材原句)There are many support staff on the ground，such as engineers，mechanics and research assistants． n．助理 ②The shop assistant did not show me how to use this digital camera． n． 售货员 ③I'd be more glad to get our assistant manager for you if you like． adj．助理的，副的 3．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护 vt．保护，掩蔽 vi．躲避 ①(教材原句)We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation． n．居所，住处 ②We sheltered under a tree until the shower passed． vi．躲避 ③The hen sheltered her chickens under her wings． vt．保护 1．(学会断句)Some people believe/that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe，it is a waste of the public purse/and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives/here on the Earth． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句；在宾语从句中，while引导让步状语从句。 [翻译]　有些人认为，虽然太空探索拓展了我们对宇宙的了解，但它浪费公共资金，而且对提高我们在地球上的生活质量毫无帮助。 2．(学会断句)With technologies first researched and developed/for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier． [分析]　本句为简单句。With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration 作原因状语，facing mankind 作定语，修饰名词problems，making our lives safer and easier作结果状语。 [翻译]　有了最初为太空探索而研发的技术，我们可以解决人类面临的一些重大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更轻松。 3．(学会断句)It is this kind of inspiration that/keeps our thirst for knowledge alive/and ensures that/advances in space exploration/and many other fields/will continue to be made． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。主句是强调句，强调主语this kind of inspiration；keeps和ensures作并列谓语，that引导的宾语从句作动词ensures的宾语。 [翻译]　正是这种灵感使我们对知识的渴望保持活力，并确保在太空探索和许多其他领域将继续取得进展。 1．(应用文佳句)Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe，it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth． 有些人认为，虽然太空探索拓展了我们对宇宙的了解，但它浪费公共资金，而且对提高我们在地球上的生活质量毫无帮助。 2．(续写佳句)With each space mission comes greater insight，thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure． 每次太空任务都会带来更深刻的认识，从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。 3．(应用文佳句)It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun． 正是通过我们对太空的研究，我们已经证实了地球是圆的，并且它围绕太阳运转。 4．(续写佳句)We long to visit thick and wild forests，climb vast mountain ranges，and cross deep oceans． 我们渴望探索茂密的原始森林，攀登广袤的山脉，越过深邃的海洋。 1．origin n．起源，起因；出身 [例]I want to major in biology because I have long wondered about the origin of life． 我想要主修生物学，因为我一直想知道生命的起源。 (1)the origin of... ……的起源 (2)original adj． 起初的，原来的；首创的，有独创性的；原作的 originally adv． 本来；原来 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I think you should go back to your original (origin) plan． ②Originally(original)，we had intended to go to Italy，but then we won the trip to Greece． ③端午节的起源是为了缅怀屈原的精神。 The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan． 2．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 [例]Objects like this turn up at sales with surprising frequency． 像这样的物品在拍卖会上出奇地频繁出现。 frequent adj． 经常发生的，频繁的 frequently adv． 频繁地，经常地 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/补全句子 ①He goes to the market to buy vegetables frequently (frequent)． ②His frequent hesitations(他经常的犹豫) annoyed the audience． 3．motive n．原因，动机，目的 [例]There seemed to be no motive for the murder． 这起谋杀案似乎没有什么动机。 (1)motivate vt． 激发；鼓励 motivate sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事 (2)motivation n． 动机；动力，积极性 (3)motivator n． 激发因素 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①The plan is designed to motivate employees to work (work) more efficiently． ②He is intelligent enough but he lacks motivation(motivate)． 4．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教adj．助理的，副的 [例]He is a skilled assistant and when I'm busy，he always comes to my assistance instantly． 他是一个熟练的助手，当我很忙的时候，他总是马上来帮助我。 (1)assist vt．& vi． 援助；帮助；协助 assist sb．with sth．＝assist sb．to do sth．＝assist sb．in (doing) sth． 帮助某人(做)某事 (2)assistance n． 援助；帮助 come to sb．'s assistance 帮助某人 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/补全句子 ①The company provides advice and assistance(assist) in finding work． ②He did much to assist his classmate in preparing(prepare) the speech． ③为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。 To assist the students to learn/To assist the students in learning Chinese better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class． 5．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护vt．保护，掩蔽 vi．躲避 [例]It began to rain suddenly，and the children all ran to seek shelter from the rain． 突然下雨了，所有的孩子们都跑着寻找遮挡物避雨。 (1)seek/take shelter from... 找地方躲避…… give sb．shelter 庇护某人 (2)shelter sb．/sth．from... 庇护某人/某物免受…… [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The old temple sheltered the tramps from bad weather． ②家是世界上最温暖的地方，在那里我们可以躲避风雨。 Home is the warmest place in the world，where we can shelter ourselves from the wind and rain． 1．It is/was...that...强调句型 (教材P25－26)It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun． 正是通过我们对太空的研究，我们已经证实了地球是圆的，并且它围绕太阳运转。 [句式分析]　本句是一个强调句，强调状语through our research into space。 [例]It was in May that you can see this kind of flower． 你在五月可以看到这种花。 (1)强调句型的陈述句式为“It is/was＋被强调部分 ＋ that/who...”。该句型可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句型中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指“人”时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指“人”时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。 (2)一般疑问句的强调句型就是将be提到句首，即“Is/Was it＋ 被强调部分 ＋that/who...？”。特殊疑问句的强调句型为“特殊疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/ Why/How)＋is/was it that...？”。 not...until...结构的强调句型为“It is/was not until...that...”。 (3)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则不是。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①It was I who/that saw Tom in the park this morning． ②It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance． ③I didn't recognize him until he took off his dark glasses． →It was not until he took his dark glasses that I recognized him． 2．make复合结构 (教材P26)With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier． 有了最初为太空探索而研发的技术，我们可以解决人类面临的一些重大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更轻松。 [句式分析]　本句中making our lives safer and easier是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；本句用形容词比较级作宾补。 [例1]The issue price makes them good value． 这一发行价使这批货显得颇有价值。 [例2]Internet makes our life easy and convenient． 互联网使我们的生活轻松、方便。 在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外，动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语、名词或名词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/补全句子 ①He tries to make his ideas known (know)． ②Though he had often made his little sister cry，today he was made to cry (cry) by his little sister． ③Our teacher often makes us do some extra homework (让我们做一些额外的家庭作业)． ④The good news he told us made us very happy(使我们很高兴)． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．It is my brother，not I，who likes jazz． 2．That the college will take in more new students is true． 3．They found their computers producing different results from exactly the same calculation (calculate)． 4．The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school． 5．My early curiosity about computers helped lead me to the job I have today． 6．That makes me even more motivated to take (take) action to get this goal． 7．On these questions we have made our views known(know)． 8．Trees shelter the house from the wind． 9．Our parents are willing to provide money and food for us students so that we can study better． 10．The boss wanted an assistant (assist) with a knowledge of French and working experience． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．关于太空探索，有些人赞成，而有些人则反对。 With regard to space exploration，some people are in favour of it，while others are against it． 2．事实上，太空探索很可能会帮助我们理解宇宙的未来。 Actually，it is likely that space exploration can help us understand the future of the universe． 3．随着年龄的增长，我逐渐明白了太空探索的意义。 As I grow older，I gradually make sense of the meaning of space exploration． 4．观看过宇航员在月球上行走后，我渴望成为一名天文学家。 After watching astronauts walk on the Moon，I desired to be an astronomer． 5．在我看来，努力学习和阅读较多的天文学书籍可以帮助我实现我的梦想。 In my view，studying hard and reading more books about astronomy can assist me to realize my dream． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 When Neil Armstrong first 1．landed(land) on the Moon in 1969，many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system．However，the reality is that space exploration is 2．extremely (extreme) difficult and dangerous，can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money．Why do we continue to explore space，then? It is in our nature 3．to explore (explore)．From the very early days of human life on the Earth，our curiosity about the unknown has kept us 4．adventuring(adventure) into new places．The results of these space investigations have made major contributions 5．to an understanding of the origin，evolution，and likely future of the universe．6．It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun．As we learn more about the universe，we may one day answer the question 7．whether there is life on other planets．With technologies first researched and 8．developed(develop) for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier． Although space exploration demands huge investment，the space industry can actually bring great 9．economic(economy) value．Moreover，the amazing work these people do can provide education and 10．inspiration (inspire) for the next generation． 课时分层作业(五) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．A thief stole his purse(钱包) so he doesn't have any money now． 2．As is known，many words in the English language are French in origin(起源)． 3．It is calculated(计算) that the investment is a success and has made profits． 4．Can you tell me the origin of this famous tale(故事) at the present time? 5．Their motives(动机) for moving into the valley differ from person to person． Ⅱ．选词填空 look up，set up，lay the foundation for，make sense of，make contributions to 1．Can you make sense of what the foreigner said just now? 2．After years of constant efforts，I'm hoping I'll set up my own business someday． 3．Astronauts have made contributions to the development of the aerospace industry． 4．The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she were their own mother． 5．The aim of education is to lay the foundation for the lifelong learning and development of students． Ⅲ．阅读理解 An astronaut crew of private citizens has been launched to the International Space Station(ISS)．The launch happened in Florida's Kennedy Space Center．The flight is the first to be organized and operated by a private company involving a completely commercial astronaut crew． The four-member team will travel to the ISS inside a spacecraft built by American company SpaceX．The crew members are from the private company Axiom Space based in Houston，Texas．The group is led by retired NASA astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria．The mission is called Ax-1．Lopez-Alegria will be joined by the mission pilot，Larry Conner，a businessman and private pilot from Ohio．The other members of the crew are Israeli fighter pilot Eytan Stibbe and Mark Pathy，a Canadian businessman．Stibbe and Pathy will serve as mission specialists． NASA says it will cooperate with Axiom mission officials to plan joint activities involving the Axiom team and regular ISS crew members．Currently，there are three American astronauts aboard the ISS，along with a German astronaut and three Russian astronauts． The launch is being praised as a turning point in the latest expansion of commercial space activities．Such activities have become known in the industry as the low-Earth orbit economy，or the “LEO economy”． The latest mission's crew might seem similar to private space tourists who recently took space rides that did not reach orbit．The trips aim to fly private citizens to the edge of space and permit them to experience weightlessness and observe the Earth． But Axiom executives(主管领导) say their mission is very different．“We are not space tourists，” Lopez-Alegria says．The Ax-1 team will be carrying equipment and supplies for 26 science and technology experiments．They include research in areas including brain and heart health，cancer and aging． Axiom's co-founder and executive chairman，Kam Ghaffarian，says he saw the launch as “the beginning of many beginnings for commercializing low-Earth orbit”．He adds，“We're like in the early days of the Internet，and we haven't even imagined all the possibilities，all the capabilities that we're going to be providing in space．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了由四人组成的私人宇航员小组将在佛罗里达搭乘宇宙飞船前往国际空间站。 1．Who have been launched from Florida's Kennedy Space Center to the ISS? A．The four-member private astronaut crew． B．The four crew members from SpaceX． C．The four professional astronauts． D．The four private space tourists． A　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“An astronaut crew of private citizens has been launched to the International Space Station(ISS)．”及第二段第一句可知，四人组成的私人宇航员小组被送往国际空间站。故选A。] 2．Who is the pilot of the mission Ax-1? A．Mark Pathy．　　　 B．Larry Conner． C．Eytan Stibbe． D．Michael Lopez-Alegria． B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Lopez-Alegria will be joined by the mission pilot，Larry Conner，a businessman and private pilot from Ohio．”可知，Larry Conner是此次飞行任务的飞行员。故选B。] 3．Why does Lopez-Alegria say they are not space tourists? A．They will help with the astronauts' work in the ISS． B．They will experience weightlessness． C．They will do scientific researches in the ISS． D．They will just fly to the edge of space． C　[细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句可知，Lopez-Alegria说他们不是游客的原因是他们将在空间站做很多科学实验。故选C。] 4．What does Kam think of the LEO economy? A．It is the beginning of space tourism． B．It is just an imagination． C．It is faced with more uncertainties． D．It is a promising business． D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，Kam认为这次发射是近地轨道商业化的开端，这个行业有无限的可能。由此推知，他认为这是一个有前途的行业。故选D。] Ⅳ．完形填空 From an early age，Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up．But no matter how much he studied and took tests，he was never 1 to fly in space．Finally，he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests．In other words，he would never be able to fulfill his 2 ． Thinking about all the time and 3 Parker had put into being an astronaut，people felt 4 for him．Despite what he was told about having to 5 his ambition，Parker continued training and studying，as if he would have the 6 the next month． He 7 as he got older，and when he was a very old man，he heard that they were doing some very vital medical experiments．For those experiments they needed a very 8 astronaut．Parker，who walked with a stick，was the only old man in the whole world who was 9 to fly in a rocket．Therefore，Parker found himself flying in 10 ，all with the help of science．It was clear that the 11 gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst diseases for old people，and Parker was 12 as a hero． Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth 13 all over the world，and became a symbol of the sentence“You can never train or learn too much”．It shows that persistent effort always brings 14 even though it may not be in the form we had first 15 ． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Parker从小立志做一名宇航员，尽管梦想一次次破灭，但是他从未放弃希望，一如既往地进行学习和训练。终于有一次，他被选中，实现了当宇航员的梦想。 1．A．noticed　　　　 B．selected C．invited D．permitted B　[考查动词。根据句意和后文的关键词selection可知，选B。] 2．A．dream B．task C．leisure D．belief A　[考查名词。根据句意(也就是说，他永远也无法实现他的梦想了)和上文的“he would be an astronaut”可知，成为宇航员是Parker从小的梦想，故选A。] 3．A．reputation B．power C．effort D．practice C　[考查名词。根据句中“all the time and ________ Parker had put into being an astronaut”可知，是他为梦想付出时间和努力，故选C。] 4．A．happy B．sorry C．nervous D．crucial B　[考查形容词。根据上文可知，Parker为了成为一名宇航员投入了很多的时间和努力，却一直未能如愿，人们为他感到遗憾，故选B。] 5．A．ignore B．forget C．develop D．abandon D　[考查动词。 根据上文可知，他已经超过了参加选拔考试的最大年龄，所以这里指他被告知放弃自己的飞天梦，故选D。] 6．A．meetings B．swims C．tests D．training C　[考查名词。根据句意可知，Parker继续训练和学习，仿佛下个月他就要去考试一样，故选C。] 7．A．carried on B．took on C．turned off D．got off A　[考查动词短语。根据句意和上文的“continued training and studying”可知，他继续学习和训练，故选A。] 8．A．sick B．experienced C．active D．old D　[考查形容词。根据句意(为了进行那些实验，他们需要一个年纪非常大的宇航员)和下文的“the only old man in the whole world”可知，他们所需要的是一位年纪大的宇航员，故选D。] 9．A．planned B．trained C．forced D．refused B　[考查动词。根据上文可知，Parker多年来为了成为宇航员一直坚持训练。故选B。] 10．A．silence B．danger C．action D．space D　[考查名词。根据第一段中的“he was never ________ to fly in space”可知，此处指“在太空遨游”，故选D。] 11．A．knowledge B．friendship C．money D．opportunity A　[考查名词。根据句意(在那些任务中所获得的________有助于治愈老年人最严重的疾病之一)可知，此处指“获得的知识”，故选A。] 12．A．replaced B．educated C．praised D．affected C　[考查动词。根据“as a hero”可知，Parker被人们称赞为英雄，故选C。] 13．A．moved B．flew C．spread D．took C　[考查动词。根据上句“广受赞誉”以及“all over the world”可知，此处指“在全世界传播开来”，故选C。] 14．A．award B．prize C．result D．reward D　[考查名词。根据上文可知，Parker凭借坚持不懈的努力最后才实现了飞天梦，这充分证明了努力终会换来回报，故选D。] 15．A．expected B．guessed C．suggested D．proved A　[考查动词。根据上文可知，Parker年轻时为了实现自己的飞天梦，一次次尝试却一次次失败，没想到在老年实现了自己的梦想，尽管梦想并不是以最初他所期待的那种形式实现，故选A。] Ⅴ．语法填空 In the ancient times，there used to be so many myths about the Moon，and all of 1．________ (they)made the Moon more attractive．On the Moon，according to the Chinese myth，lived a goddess named Chang'e，who led a lonely life．In the West，up to now，scientists 2．________ (study) the Moon for many years．I wonder if you have received an 3．________ (invite) to spend a Human Moon Day，which is officially celebrated on July 20 every year．Human Moon Day marks the first human landing on the Moon 4．________ (successful) that occurred on July 20，1969．That explains it! Ever since 1969，Human Moon Day has been celebrated in the US to mark one of the 5．________ (great) achievements in human history． Human Moon Day is largely celebrated by NASA and space fans．One way to celebrate Human Moon Day is to make something about the Moon like cutting paper 6．________ (moon)．Children are made to bake cookies and cut them in the shape of the moon．They also consider 7．________ (learn) some facts about the Moon on this occasion．Exploring the Moon on Google Moon is a great idea of getting familiar with our natural satellite．It is especially important that we celebrate Human Moon Day with children．8．________ this way，children can learn about 9．________ happened on July 20，1969，and understand the importance of this event in the future．It can be said with certainty that humans will devote all their lives to the research into the Moon．As for young people，they must go to all lengths to study hard for the future even if there is a long way to go! Should there be 10．________ chance for you to go to the Moon，who would you like to go with you? 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“人类月球日”设立的原因、意义以及人们的一些庆祝活动。 1．them　[考查代词。此处作宾语，应用人称代词宾格them。] 2．have studied　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文“up to now”可知，应用现在完成时，主语为scientists，助动词用have。故填have studied。] 3．invitation　[考查词性转换。设空处作宾语，结合an可知，应填单数名词invitation。] 4．successfully　[考查词性转换。修饰landing on the moon应用副词successfully。] 5．greatest　[考查形容词最高级。此处为“one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”结构，故应用最高级形式greatest。] 6．moons　[考查名词复数。paper moon表示“纸月亮”，属于普通可数名词，故用复数。] 7．learning　[考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth．“考虑做某事”。故填learning。] 8．In　[考查介词。in this way“通过这种方式”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填In。] 9．what　[考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，指“……的事情”，应用what引导。] 10．a　[考查冠词。由句意可知，此处应用不定冠词表示泛指，且chance的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。] 15/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$