08 UNIT 2 Out of this world Period 1 单元词汇表-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 1　 单元词汇表(Wordlist) 1．float vi．飘动，漂流；浮 vt．使浮动，使漂流 2．bother vt．使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi．花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 3．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 4．circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 5．vital adj．必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 6．crew n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 7．comprise vt．包括，包含；组成，构成 8．purse n．资金，财源；钱包 9．tale n．故事；讲述，叙述 10．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护 vt．保护，掩蔽 vi．躲避 11．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 12．furthermore adv．此外，再者 13．leisure n．闲暇，空闲 14．permanent adj．永久的，永恒的 15．altogether adv．完全；总共；总之 16．universe n．宇宙，天地万物 17．agency n．机构；代理处 18．origin n．起源，起因；出身 19．motive n．原因，动机，目的 1．Floating (float) can be a very pleasant sensation． 2．I just can't be bothered(bother) to look after the house． 3．What is the best course of action in the circumstances (circumstance)？ 4．Four missions (mission) have killed 18 astronauts between them． 5．Education comprises(comprise) two-thirds of all local government spending． 6．Immigrant tales(tale) have always been popular themes in fiction． 7．The city's bomb shelters(shelter) were being prepared for possible air raids． 8．I can understand why astronauts (astronaut) find it difficult to readjust to life on earth． 9．Keep wallets，purses(purse) and other valuables out of sight． 10．Aid agencies (agency) are organizing food drops to civilians in the war zone． 11．Her motives(motive) for helping are questionable． 1．absent adj．缺席；缺少；心不在焉的→absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 2．occupy vt．占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupation n．职业；占用→occupied adj．被占领的；使用中；忙于 3．evaluate vt．评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；评估 4．maintain vt．维持；维修；坚持(意见)；供养→maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持 5．expose vt．揭露，揭穿；曝光→exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 6．visible adj．看得见的；明显的→invisible adj．看不见的；无形的 7．found vt．建立；创建→foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 8．frequent adj．频繁的；经常发生的→frequently adv．经常，频繁地→frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 9．invest vt．& vi．投资→investor n．投资者→investment n．投资；投入 10．calculate vt．计算，核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算；估计 11．assist vt．& vi．协助；援助→assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj．助理的，副的→assistance n．帮助，援助 12．incredible adj．极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的→incredibly adv．极其，极端地；令人难以置信 13．constant adj．固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv．重复不断地；始终；一直 1．In his absence(absent)，I am in charge of the administration． 2．As is evaluated，the last evaluation is reasonable in many ways．(evaluate) 3．The new occupation made him occupied in it all day，which damaged his health．(occupy) 4．To my surprise，the exposure to the nuclear radiation made the scientific agency exposed to a variety of dangers．(expose) 5．Many stars are far away from us and are invisible (visible) to the naked eye． 6．I am constantly (constant) adopting new practices on my farm． 7．The assistant told me that he was just assisting in the agency to lay the foundation for his future．(assist) 8．Many investors are still cautious of their investment in this area，because they don't want their invested money to be lost．(invest) 9．Machines need to be maintained regularly because careful maintenance can extend their lives．(maintain) 10．As a result of frequent smoking，the frequency of his cough is increasing，and he coughs frequently．(frequent) 11．The organization has grown enormously since its foundation (found) in 1955． 12．Believe it or not，our guess has been confirmed by calculation (calculate)． 1．cast new light on 使进一步了解…… 2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到 4．be plain to see 显而易见的 5．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 1．Working plans are to be made in view of concrete circumstances． 2．The research cast new light on the causes of the disease． 3．She did the job very well in the circumstances． 4．With the rapid development of the Internet，the advantages of the Internet is plain to see． 由新知联想已知 1．bother vt．使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi．花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 [联想]　①annoy vt．使生气，使恼怒 ②disturb vt．打扰，使焦虑，使烦恼 ③trouble vt．使忧虑；使烦恼 n．困难，忧虑，麻烦 2．occupy vt．占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 [联想]　①possess vt．具有，拥有；有 ②use vt．使用；利用 ③engaged adj．忙于，从事于；被占用的 3．comprise vt．包括，包含；组成，构成 [联想]　①include vt．包括，包含 ②contain vt．包含；容纳 ③compose vt．组成，构成 ④make up组成，构成 4．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 [联想]　①shortage n．不足；短缺 ②marriage n．婚姻 ③package n．包裹 5．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 [联想]　①efficiency n．效率；功效 ②fluency n．流利；流畅 ③urgency n．紧急 第一篇课文(Reading) ①would-be adj．想要成为的 ②astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 ③come to an end 结束 ④differ from与……不同 ⑤gravity n．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 ⑥due to由于 ⑦absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 absence of gravity没有重力 ⑧float vi．飘动，漂流；浮 vt．使浮动，使漂流 float around四处漂浮 ⑨cupboard n．壁橱；橱柜，衣柜 ⑩(be) attached to附着于 ⑪ceiling n．天花板；上限 ⑫bother vt．使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi．花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 ⑬occupy vt． 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 occupy most of the day占用一天里大部分时间 ⑭demanding adj．要求高的 ⑮mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 our main mission我们的主要任务 ⑯conduct scientific research进行科学研究 ⑰evaluate vt．评估，估计，评价 ⑱creature n．动物，生物；人 ⑲mosquito n．(pl．mosquitoes or mosquitos) 蚊子 ⑳microscope n． 显微镜 under the microscope在显微镜下 ㉑carry out experiments 进行实验 ㉒work on one experiment做一个实验 ㉓cast new light on 使进一步了解…… ㉔maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持 ㉕do some cleaning做一些清洁工作 ㉖circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 ㉗exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 ㉘radiation n．辐射，放射线 exposure to the cold and radiation暴露在寒冷和辐射中 ㉙head out 向外走，走出去 ㉚visible adj．看得见的；明显的 ㉛electric shocks电击 ㉜in view of 鉴于，考虑到 ㉝freeze-dried adj．经过冷冻干燥的 ㉞luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 ㉟every couple of months每隔两个月 ㊱float away漂走 ㊲tube n． 管，管子；软管 through a thin tube of plastic通过一根细塑料管 ㊳furthermore adv．此外，再者 ㊴pill n． 药丸，药片 take pills吃药 ㊵vital adj．必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 be of vital importance to 对……是至关重要的 ㊶a significant amount of大量的 ㊷discipline vt．严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 ㊸leisure n．闲暇，空闲 during our leisure time在空闲时间 ㊹crew n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 ㊺at a speed of 以……的速度 Life on a space station Living in space is every would-be①astronaut's②dream．My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end③，and it has been a challenging but magical adventure．I bet you'd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from④ that on the Earth－the low gravity⑤ definitely makes ordinary things strange！[1] [1]what和how各自引导宾语从句，中间由and连接；破折号后的句子用于解释前句。 The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep．Due to⑥ the near absence⑦ of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float⑧ around．We usually sleep in private quarters，which are more like large cupboards⑨，or in sleeping bags attached to⑩ the walls or the ceiling⑪．[2] It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，but the unusual beds don't bother⑫us any more．After about eight hours of sleep，we start our day of work． [2]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的private quarters；in sleeping bags和in private quarters并列，attached to the walls or the ceiling为过去分词短语作定语，修饰sleeping bags。 The routine tasks that occupy⑬most of the day are demanding⑭，but they can also be extremely rewarding．Our main mission⑮is to conduct scientific research⑯．We need to evaluate⑰the effects of low gravity on animals and plants．Creatures⑱such as mice，fish and mosquitoes⑲have also been sent to the station! In a low-gravity environment，we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope⑳．As well as doing these biological experiments，we carry out experiments㉑in other research fields．I have been working on one experiment㉒which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth．Hopefully，it will cast new light on㉓the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning protection．With so much going on，the space station needs a lot of maintenance㉔，so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning㉕．[3] [3]句子主干是so连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句的主干是the space station needs a lot of maintenance，With so much going on是原因状语；第二个分句的谓语是and连接的并列动词短语。 The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station，such as testing new equipment，monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station．[4] In the circumstances㉖，it's time for a spacewalk．First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure㉗to the cold and radiation㉘．Then we head out㉙，and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time，with the beautiful Earth visible㉚below．Splendid as the view of the Earth is[5]，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think．It's probably the most dangerous work，with potential risks such as electric shocks㉛．That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned． [4]句子主干是The most challenging work takes place，后面跟了时间状语从句 when we need to perform tasks outside the space station...，从句中such as后跟的三个动词-ing形式短语用以列举部分tasks。 [5]as引导倒装的状语从句，表示“尽管”，可以用though代替。 In view of㉜ the low-gravity environment，eating is also different in space．Most food is dried or freeze-dried㉝．It's a luxury㉞to eat fresh food，because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months㉟．[6] Salt and pepper are only in liquid form，so that they will not float away㊱and block the air pipes．However，liquids can't be easily controlled in space．We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube㊲of plastic．Furthermore㊳，to keep our body healthy，we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills㊴． [6]It是形式主语，to eat fresh food是真正的主语；后跟 because引导的原因状语从句，从句中 fresh produce是主语，谓语部分是can only be delivered to；such as fruit and vegetables 修饰fresh produce，from the Earth every couple of months修饰can only be delivered。 Spending some time in the gym is of vital㊵ importance to astronauts' health．Did you know that in just five months，astronauts could lose a significant amount of㊶muscle and bone mass？Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，we discipline㊷ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day．[7] Exercise in space is not your average workout．We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around． [7]句首Considering是介词，意为“鉴于，考虑到”， low gravity has on the human body是定语从句，修饰前面的negative effects，省略了引导词that/which。 During our leisure㊸time，there's nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew㊹and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends back home．[8] As the space station travels at a speed of㊺ about 17，500 miles per hour，we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes．In these precious moments，all the challenges of life in space seem worth it． [8]句子主干是there's nothing，后跟省略了引导词that的定语从句we like more than to sit back...，从句中使用了比较结构，此处nothing和more than结合使用表示“没有什么比……更……的了”；more than后的不定式结构由两部分构成，sit back with...和watch our remarkable planet go by，其后taking pictures...是动词-ing形式短语作状语。 太空站上的生活 生活在太空是每个未来宇航员的梦想。我在空间站的六个月的停留已经结束，这是一次充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。我敢打赌你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，它与地球上的生活有什么不同，低重力使普通的事物变得奇怪！ 从我们睡觉的那一刻起，生活在太空中的陌生感就显而易见了。由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们不得不把我们自己拴起来，这样我们就不会四处漂浮。我们通常睡在私人住所里，就像大的壁橱一样，或者睡在睡袋里，睡袋拴在墙上或天花板上。试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。大约睡了八个小时后，我们开始了一天的工作。 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。我们需要评估低重力对动物和植物的影响。老鼠、鱼和蚊子等生物也被送到了太空站！在失重状态环境下，我们可以在显微镜下了解更多有关细胞和微生物的变化。除了做这些生物学实验外，我们还在其他研究领域进行实验。我在做一个实验，在大面积的地球上定位和跟踪闪电。希望它能给地球的气候带来新的曙光，并带来更好的雷电防护。由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统，并做一些清洁工作。 最具挑战性的工作发生在我们需要在空间站外执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或者维修空间站。在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。首先，我们穿上宇航服，它们使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。然后我们出发，有时执行任务几个小时，下面可以看到美丽的地球。虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。这可能是最危险的工作，有电击等潜在风险。这就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。 鉴于失重状态的环境，饮食在空间站上也有所不同。大多数食物是干的或经过冷冻干燥的。吃新鲜食物是一种奢侈，因为新鲜的农产品，如水果和蔬菜，每隔两个月才能从地球送到空间站。盐和胡椒只呈液态，这样它们就不会飘落，也不会使气管堵塞。然而，液体在太空中不容易被控制。我们必须从一个袋子里，通过一根细塑料管喝水或其他液体。此外，为了保持我们的身体健康，我们必须通过吃药来保证营养的均衡供应。 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？考虑到失重状态对人体的这些负面影响，我们要求自己每天至少锻炼两个小时。在太空中锻炼不是一般的锻炼。我们必须被绑在特殊的运动器材上，以防自己四处漂浮。 在空闲时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过，拍点照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。由于空间站以每小时17 500英里的速度运行，我们每90分钟就能看到一次日出。在这些珍贵的时刻里，太空生活的所有挑战似乎都是值得的。 10/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$