18 UNIT 3 Back to the past Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课件(译林版2020)

Period 4　 UNIT 3　Back to the past 主题语境 人与自然 —— 重大政治、历史事件、文化渊源 [例]The child is sorting out the bricks into different colors． 那个孩子正在按不同的颜色对积木进行分类整理。 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．sort out理顺，整理；把……安排好 Period 4　 sort sth．out 理顺；整理；(从……中)区分出来 sort oneself out 妥善解决某人自身的问题 sort sb．out 整治/惩罚某人 sort...into... 整理；把……分类 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①We're in a state of complete chaos here and I need a little time to sort ________ (me) out． ②I'll soon sort him ____；just let me get my hands on him! ③Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted ____ plastics，glass and paper． myself out into 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]Thanks to technology development，more music is available to more people than before． 多亏了科技的发展，更多的人可以获得比以前更多的音乐。 2．available adj．可获得的，可找到的；有空的 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (1)be available to 为……可利用/得到 be available from 从……处可获得 make sth．available to sb． 使某人可以享受某物 (2)availability n． 可得性；空闲 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The authority must make suitable accommodation available __ the family． ②All ingredients are readily available _____ your local store． ③我是李华， 我想知道你周末是否有空。如果有空，咱们一起参加我们学校的音乐节吧。 I'm Li Hua．I'm wondering _______________________________．If so，let's attend the music festival of our school together． to from if you are available at the weekend 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]Contrary to what people had said，the old couple adopted this poor boy though they led a poor life． 与人们所说的相反，这对老夫妇虽然过着贫穷的生活，却收养了这个可怜的男孩。 3．contrary adj．相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 contrary to 与……相反 on the contrary 与此相反，恰恰相反 to the contrary 相反的，相反地 quite the contrary 恰恰相反，正相反 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Contrary __ what many people believe，there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China，actually． ②I'll expect to see you on Sunday unless I hear anything __ the contrary． ③你没有让我们感到厌烦。恰恰相反，你精彩的演讲使我们很感兴趣。 You were not boring us．_______________，your wonderful speech interested us a lot． to to On the contrary 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]In spite of the fact that we are facing great pressure，we should adopt an optimistic attitude． 尽管我们面临着巨大的压力，但我们应该持有乐观的态度。 4．adopt vt．采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi．领养，收养 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (1)adopt an idea 采纳建议 adopt an approach 采取方法 (2)adopted adj． 收养的；领养的 (3)adoption n． 采用；收养 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She produced a TV series about _______ (adopt) children． ②The senator urged against the ________(adopt) of the measure． ③我希望你能够采用这些建议，它们将对你有所帮助。 I hope ____________________________，which would be helpful to you． adopted adoption you can adopt these suggestions 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]In comparison with being late，absence with no excuse deserves severe punishment． 与迟到相比，无故缺席应该受到严厉的惩罚。 5．comparison n．对比；比较 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (1)by/in comparison (with sb．/sth．) (与某人/某物)相比较 make a comparison 进行比较 (2)compare vt． 比较；将……比作 compare A with/to B 把A和B进行比较 compare A to B 把A比作B compare with/to... 与……类似(或相似) 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Is the human heart weak __ comparison with the other organs? ②We carefully compared the first report ________ the second． ③如果我们把人生比作一次航行，老师和父母就是指引我们前进的指南针。 _______________________________，our teachers and parents are compasses leading us forward． in with/to If we compare our life to a voyage 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 P34 1．__________________________最伟大的历史学家之一 2．________________________对历史产生兴趣 3．______________ 20岁的时候 4．_________________全国各地 5．____________________________获取大量的信息 one of the greatest historians take an interest in history at the age of 20 across the country get a wide range of information 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 6．_______________________________整理所有可用的资源 7．_____________________继续他的工作 8．_____________被关进监狱 9．________________遭受很多痛苦 10．_______________________不管是顺境还是逆境 sort out all the available resources carry on with his work be put in prison suffer a lot of pain in good times or bad times 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 P35 1．______________________公元前一世纪 2．________________________________在大约3 000年的时间里 3．_____________________由130章组成 4．__________等等 5．___________________以故事的形式 6．___________________而不是枯燥的事实 7．______________________少量的字 8．________________经常使用，在不断的使用中 in the first century BCE over a period of about 3，000 years consist of 130 chapters and so on in the form of stories rather than dry facts a small number of words be in constant use 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 P37 1．______________不久前 2．_______________对此感到高兴 3．________________________尽可能多的人 4．__________________建设更美好的未来 5．________比之前 not so long ago be glad about this as many people as possible build a better future than ever 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 6．________________一丝幽默 7．__________________________________采用自然、闲谈式的写作风格 8．_________________________引起读者的兴趣 9．_______________________________与流行的历史书相反 10．______________________带你到门口 a touch of humour adopt a natural，chatty style of writing engage the reader's interest contrary to popular history books lead you to the doorway 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 表语从句 [观察例句] 1．My opinion is that we take the initiative into our own hands． 2．The question is whether he ever went there at all． 3．That's what he said． 4．I felt as if we had known each other for years． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 一、概念 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。该从句隶属于名词性从句。含表语从句的句子结构通常是“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 二、引导词 连词that/whether/as if/as though/because 连接代词what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/ whichever 连接副词when/ where/why /how 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 1．由连词that，whether引导的表语从句。主句的主语常常是抽象名词，如question，trouble，problem，result，chance，suggestion，idea，reason等。此类表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is that he has lost his money． 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。 The question is whether we need more ice cream． 问题是我们是否需要更多的冰激凌。 The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use． 问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 2．由连词because，as if，as though引导的表语从句。(区别于主语从句) It looked as if it was going to snow． 看起来好像要下雪了。 That's because we never thought of it． 那是因为我们从未想过此事。 It seems as though he didn't know the answer． 好像他不知道答案。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 3．由连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose及whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever引导的表语从句。连接代词既保留原意，又在从句中充当主语、宾语等。 The question is which of us should go． 问题是我们哪一个应该去。 The problem was who could do the work． 问题是谁能做这项工作。 That's what we should do． 那是我们应该做的。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 4．由连接副词when，where，why，how引导的表语从句。连接副词除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。 That's why he got angry with me． 那正是他对我生气的原因。 Go and get your coat．It's where you left it． 去把外套拿来。就在你原来放的地方。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 The question is how we can get in touch with him． 问题是我们怎样才能与他取得联系。 That is when he lived here． 那正是他在这里居住的时候。 I had neither an umbrella nor a raincoat．That's why I got wet through． 我既没伞也没雨衣。那就是我全身淋湿的原因。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练1]　用适当的连接词填空 ①My opinion is ____ we should communicate with parents frequently． ②The problem is ________ we can find them there． ③This is _____ I should have done first of all． that whether what 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 三、注意事项 1．that与what引导的表语从句的区别 that引导表语从句时，只是连接词，在从句中不作成分，也无意义；what是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 That was what she did this morning on her way to school． 那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上做过的事。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 2．because与why引导的表语从句的区别 because引导表语从句时强调原因，why引导表语从句时强调结果。 She often comes late．That's because she has a baby to take care of． 她经常迟到。那是因为她有一个婴儿要照顾。 She has a baby to take care of．That's why she often comes late． 她有一个婴儿要照顾。那就是她经常迟到的原因。 The reason why he was late is that it was raining hard． 他迟到的原因是雨下得很大。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练2]　用that/what/because/why填空 ①The fact is ____ the disease has a great influence on our life． ②Obeying the traffic rules is _____ all of us should pay attention to particularly． ③That's _____ I want you to work there． ④You always make the same mistakes in the exams．I think that is _______ you are too nervous． that what why because 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词主语后的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside． 我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这件事，而不应该只是对此置之不理。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)as if/as though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟；过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟；“could/would/ might＋动词原形”表示对将来的虚拟。 It looks as if he were ten years younger today． 今天他看起来好像年轻了10岁。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ①The doctor's advice is that we ______________ (take) more exercise． ②The proposal is that the school _________________ (enlarge) the playground． (should) take (should)enlarge 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 短文语境填空 Danger is not 1．_____ you expect．But the truth is 2．____ it often comes suddenly and unexpectedly．How can you get out of danger？The key is 3．________ you can face danger bravely． what that whether 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 What you must remember is 4．____ you must believe in 5．_________ (you)．Just remember that you can defeat danger．Tell yourself you can turn into a superman when you are 6．__ danger．That is 7．_____ I am going to tell you the stories about Mrs．Pam． It is reported 8．____ her body was nearly run over by a car when she was trying to save her baby．She looks as if she 9．_____(be) weak，but she lifted the car 10．______(save) her baby． that yourself in why that were to save 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ①hell n．地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况 ②as usual和往常一样 ③aboard prep．& adv．在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) ④rub vt．& vi．擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦 rub one's eyes揉眼睛 课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading) Period 4　 ⑤make one's bed整理床铺 ⑥washroom n．洗手间，厕所 ⑦uniform n．制服；队服 adj．一致的，统一的 dressed in one's uniforms穿上制服 ⑧on board the ship在船上 ⑨violently adv．猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 shake violently剧烈地摇晃 ⑩in horror惊恐地 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑪eagle n．雕 circle like eagles像鹰一样盘旋 ⑫dive vi．俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 dive down俯冲下来 ⑬deafening adj．震耳欲聋的 ⑭thunder vi．轰隆隆地响；打雷 n．雷，雷声 thunder all around在各处炸响 ⑮freeze vi．& vt．(froze，frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑯come to oneself清醒过来 ⑰deck n．甲板，舱面 rush up to the deck冲到甲板上 ⑱moments later片刻之后 ⑲meanwhile adv．同时；其间；对比之下 ⑳in terrible pain痛苦不堪 ㉑drag vt．拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 ㉒chaos n．混乱，杂乱 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉓navy n．海军，海军部队 ㉔get in touch with与……取得联系 ㉕bleed vi．(bled，bled) 失血，流血 bleed heavily大量流血 ㉖open up敞开心扉 ㉗later on后来 ㉘hatch vt．密谋，策划；使孵出 vi．孵化；孵出 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉙plot n．阴谋；故事情节 vi．& vt．密谋 ㉚declare war on对……宣战 ㉛in total总共 ㉜a great shock to对……大为震惊 ㉝infamy n．臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶 ㉞in response to作为对……的回应 ㉟sink vi．& vt．(sank，sunk) 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 ㊱memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㊲(be) shaped like形状像…… ㊳at the bottom of在……的底部 ㊴show respect for向……表示敬意 ㊵pray vi．& vt．企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 pray for为……祈祷 ㊶episode n．一段经历，片段；一集 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Hell① comes to Pearl Harbor It was Sunday，December 7，1941．As usual②，the wake-up call came at 5：45 a．m．The men aboard③ the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed④ their eyes．Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter．Russell made his bed⑤ and helped clean the huge，shared room．The men went to the washroom⑥，dressed in their uniforms⑦ and sat down to breakfast．It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship⑧[1]． [1]省略that的宾语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 But nobody ate their breakfast: at that moment，there was a huge crashing sound from above．The ship shook violently⑨ and the men looked at each other in horror⑩．Above their heads，hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles⑪．They were diving⑫ down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor．The scream of their engines was deafening⑬．As bombs thundered⑭ all around[2]，clouds of black smoke rose 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 into the sky and hung over the sea．Russell felt his blood freeze⑮，but he quickly came to himself ⑯ and rushed up to the deck⑰．Moments later⑱，a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship．He suffered serious burns on his hands，arms and legs，and watched many of his friends die． [2]As引导时间状语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Louis，meanwhile⑲，also standing on the deck，was lucky not to be thrown into the sea．With only minor injuries，he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain⑳[3]．After receiving the order to abandon ship，Louis saved more men from the water，dragging㉑ them into the lifeboat．In the chaos㉒ and confusion after the attack，the US Navy㉓ sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack[4]．Luckily，he was able to get in touch with㉔them before the message arrived．Despite his remarkable actions，Louis did not think that he was a hero[5]．“The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day，”he said． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [3]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词others。 [4]that引导同位语从句，修饰先行词a message。 [5]that引导宾语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Russell was saved from the water，but he was badly burnt，bleeding㉕heavily．Fortunately，he was taken to hospital and survived．For many years，Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning，describing it simply as “hell”[6]．His wife Elsa said，“When he opened up㉖ later on㉗，he always mentioned the horror of it．” [6]what引导宾语从句，动词-ing形式短语describing it simply as “hell”作伴随状语。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack，but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona．Nobody had expected the bombing．Japan had hatched㉘ a plot㉙ to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor，so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on㉚ the United States．The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes．In total㉛，more than 2，000 American people were killed and over 1，000 others were wounded that day[7]．More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives．Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack． [7]and连接两个并列分句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 The surprise attack came as a great shock to㉜the whole nation．The next day，President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech，in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy㉝” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan．[8] In response to㉞ the attack and the president's address，the United States joined the Second World War． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [8] in which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 Pearl Harbor Speech；第二个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a date；ask后是that引导的宾语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Today，the USS Arizona lies where it sank㉟[9]: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean．Its location is marked with a memorial㊱ shaped like㊲ a bridge，which crosses the ship's sunken remains[10]．Each year，more than two million people visit the memorial．They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of ㊳ Pearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect for㊴ those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray㊵ for world peace．Although about eight decades has passed，the attack on Pearl Harbor，one of the darkest episodes㊶ in American history，will never be forgotten． [11] 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [9]where引导地点状语从句。 [10]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a memorial。 [11]Although引导让步状语从句；one of...history是the attack on Pearl Harbor的同位语。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 地狱降临珍珠港 那是1941年12月7日，星期天。和往常一样，起床号在早上5点45分响起。美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。海员拉塞尔·沃里纳被军需官路易·孔泰吵醒了。拉塞尔整理了床铺，还帮忙打扫了这个巨大的共 用房间。男人们走进盥洗室，穿上制服， 坐下来吃早饭。看起来这将是船上正常 的一天。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 但是没有人吃到早饭：就在那时，上面传来一声巨响。船剧烈地摇晃着，船员们惊恐地面面相觑。在他们头顶上，数百架日本飞机像鹰一样盘旋。他们俯冲下来，把炸弹投到珍珠港。它们的发动机发出的轰鸣声震耳欲聋。炸弹在各处炸响，黑烟形成云，升上空并笼罩在海面上。拉塞尔感到自己的血都凝固了，但他很快就清醒了过来，冲到甲板上。片刻之后，一枚炸弹击中了美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰，拉塞尔被抛到了100多米开外。他的手、胳膊和腿被严重烧伤，眼睁睁地看着许多朋友死去。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 与此同时，路易也站在甲板上，很幸运没有被炸进海里。他只受了轻伤，能够帮助那些严重烧伤、痛苦不堪的人。在接到弃船的命令后，路易从水中救出了更多的人，把他们拖进了救生艇。发生袭击后一片混乱，美国海军给路易的家人发送了一条消息，称他已经在袭击中丧生。幸运的是，他在这则消息到家之前与家人取得了联系。尽管他做出了非凡的举动，路易并不认为自己是英雄。“英雄是那些在那天献出生命的人，”他说。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 拉塞尔被从海里救了出来，但他严重烧伤，大量流血。幸运的是，他被送往医院并活了下来。多年来，拉塞尔一直拒绝谈论那天早上发生的事情，只是简单地把它描述为“地狱”。他的妻子埃尔莎说：“后来当他敞开了心扉，总是提起那件事有多恐怖。” 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 路易和拉塞尔永远不会忘记袭击的可怕场景，但他们足够幸运，是“亚利桑那号”的少数幸存者。没有人料到会发生爆炸。日本策划了偷袭珍珠港的阴谋，所以对这次袭击没有发出任何警告，也没有对美国宣战。这次袭击摧毁了近20艘美国军舰和180多架飞机。那天总共有2 000多名美国人丧生，1 000多人受伤。“亚利桑那号”上有1 000多人丧生。在37对兄弟中，拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一在袭击中幸存下来的完整的一对。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 这次突然袭击使全国人民大为震惊。第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的《珍珠港演说》，他在演说中将12月7日描述为“一个耻辱的日子”，并要求美国国会对日本宣战。作为对袭击和总统的演讲的回应，美国加入了第二次世界大战。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。它的位置以一座桥状的纪念物作为标志，横跨沉船的残骸。每年，有200多万人参观纪念馆。他们来看那艘船在珍珠港海底的影子，了解袭击的情况，向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示敬意，并为世界和平祈祷。尽管大约八十年过去了，但美国历史上最黑暗的历史事件之一——珍珠港事件永远不会被人们遗忘。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 $$