11 UNIT 2 Out of this world Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课件(译林版2020)

Period 4　 UNIT 2　Out of this world 主题语境 人与社会 —— 科技发展与信息技术创新 [例]Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty． 在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．comprise vt．包括，包含；组成，构成 由……组成 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The committee is comprised __ representatives from both the public and private sectors． ②既然中国梦是由每一个普通人的梦想组成的，我们可以通过努力实现自己的梦想来帮助实现中国梦。 Since Chinese dream _______________________________________ ___________ every ordinary person's dreams，we can help realize Chinese dream by striving to make our own dreams come true． of is made up of/is comprised of/is composed of/ consists of 课时学案 Period 4　 [例]Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage． 尊重和友好是婚姻的牢固基础。 2．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 (1)lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 lay the foundation of... 奠定……的基础 (2)found v． 建立；创办；把……建立在…… 课时学案 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①What we are learning at school will lay the foundation ___ the future． ②The criticisms __________(found) on facts as well as on the convincing evidence． for are founded 课时学案 Period 4　 P20 1．____________________几千年来 2．_________________在17世纪早期 3．_________从那时起 4．__________________________了解更多关于宇宙的知识 5．___________________在……中起关键作用 for thousands of years in the early 1600s since then learn more about the universe play a crucial role in 课时学案 Period 4　 6．_________________________寻找类地行星 7．________________还有待证明 8．______________近年来 9．_____________________进行观察 10．________________世界各地 search for Earth-size planets be yet to be proved in recent years carry out observations all over the world 课时学案 Period 4　 P21 1．___________________在短短五天内 2．__________________进入外太空 3．__________________证明是成功的 4．______________显而易见的 5．________________成功着陆 6．_______________________在月球背面 within just five days head into deep space prove to be a success be plain to see succeed in landing on the far side of the Moon 课时学案 Period 4　 主语从句 [观察例句] 1．That the driver could not control his car was obvious． 2．Whether we will go there tomorrow depends on the weather． 3．Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear． 4．How the book will be sold depends on its author． 课时学案 Period 4　 一、主语从句的定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。 What caused the accident remains a complete mystery． 什么造成了这起事故仍然完全是个谜。 Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me． 他来不来不关我的事。 课时学案 Period 4　 二、引导主语从句的三类关联词 1．从属连词that，whether (1)that That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them． 很明显，她们确实是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2)whether Whether he'll come here isn't clear． 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 课时学案 Period 4　 2．连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever Whoever comes is welcome． 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home－my only home． 你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。 What she did is not yet known． 她做了什么尚不清楚。 课时学案 Period 4　 3．连接副词 where，when，how，why How this happened is not clear to anyone． 这事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 课时学案 Period 4　 [即时训练1] 　单句语法填空 ①_____ was needed at that time，she told me，was some good luck． ②_____ excited Jenny most was that she finally succeeded in the exam． ③________ life exists on any other planet in the solar system still remains a question． ④_____ John was late for class has been unexplained． ⑤________ gets the job will have a lot of things to do． What What Whether Why Whoever 课时学案 Period 4　 三、主语从句能用形式主语it代替，真正的主语置于句末 常以it作形式主语的句型： 1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc．)＋that从句． It is certain that she will do well in her exam． 毫无疑问，她的考试成绩会很好。 It was probable that he told her everything． 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 课时学案 Period 4　 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc．)＋that从句． It's a pity that we can't go． 很遗憾我们不能去。 It's no surprise that our team should have won the game． 我们对于我们的队伍赢得了这场比赛并不感到惊讶。 课时学案 Period 4　 3．It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc．)＋that从句． It is said that Mr．Green has arrived in Beijing． 据说，格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit． 据报道，中国又成功发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 课时学案 Period 4　 4．It＋seem，happen等不及物动词及短语＋that从句． It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all． Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day． 碰巧我那天外出了。 课时学案 Period 4　 5．It＋doesn't matter (makes no difference，etc．)＋连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句． It doesn't matter whether she will come or not． 她是否会来这儿不重要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting． 我们在哪里开会无关紧要。 课时学案 Period 4　 6．当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们做报告是真的吗？ Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很重要吗？ 课时学案 Period 4　 7．当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 这些孩子这么安静真奇怪！ 课时学案 Period 4　 [即时训练2]　完成句子 ①他们是双胞胎。难怪他们看起来一样。 They are twins．__________________ they look the same． ②学生学好英语很重要。 ________________________ a student (should) learn English well． ③人们认为电脑已经改变了我们的日常生活。 _________________ computers have changed our daily life． ④结果表明我一直是正确的。 _______________ I was right all along． It's no wonder that It is very important that It's believed that It turns out that 课时学案 Period 4　 四、注意事项 1．一般用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将真正的主语放到句末。 It is possible that he has stolen the car． 很可能是他偷了汽车。 Isn't it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他测试没有通过，这难道不奇怪吗？ 课时学案 Period 4　 2．that引导主语从句放在句首时，that不可省略。 That he was ill yesterday is known to all now． 现在大家都知道他昨天生病了。 3．连接代词引导主语从句只能放在句首。 Who broke the glass is unknown． 谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。 What he wants is all here． 他所要的东西都在这里。 课时学案 Period 4　 4．主语从句后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的主语从句之后的谓语动词(通常是be)的单复数，往往需依据后面作表语的名词的单复数而定。 What you need is a good meal． 你需要的是一顿美餐。 What they make in this factory are TV sets． 他们在这家工厂里所制造的东西就是电视机。 课时学案 Period 4　 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ①When we shall have our sports meet __(be) a question． ②_____ light travels in a straight line is known to all． ③Every year，________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival． ④What we need ___ (be) useful books． is That whoever are 课时学案 Period 4　 短文语境填空 1．_____ Wendy was a famous writer was known to all，but 2．______ she came from and 3．_____ she was born were still unclear． 4．_____ they did know 5．____ (be)that she was loved by poor people because she always helped them．6．_____Wendy was generous and helpful was many people's common understanding，but some people thought she was chasing fame．7．___ is said that Wendy didn't understand why they were so narrow-minded．But it didn't matter 8．_____ others thought of her．9．_____________ she thought right 10．____ (be)what she just wanted to do．I think that is where the meaning of life lies． That where when What was That It what What(ever) was 课时学案 Period 4　 ①cost a huge amount of money 花费大量的资金 ②a waste of浪费…… ③purse n．资金，财源；钱包 a waste of the public purse浪费公共资金 ④enhance the quality of our lives提高我们的生活质量 课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading) Period 4　 ⑤the unknown未知 ⑥adventure into new places去新的地方探险 ⑦make sense of理解 ⑧tale n．故事；讲述，叙述 ⑨remain curious about保持对……好奇心 ⑩make major contributions to对……作出重大贡献 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑪origin n．起源，起因；出身 ⑫address fundamental questions解决基本问题 ⑬earthquake shock absorbers地震减震器 ⑭apply to应用到 ⑮shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) vi．频繁往来(于两地之间) the space shuttle launch航天飞机发射 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑯set up安装 ⑰frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 a high frequency of earthquakes地震频发 ⑱hydrogen n．氢，氢气 liquid hydrogen液氢 ⑲rocket n．火箭；火箭武器 rocket fuel火箭燃料 ⑳in the near future在不久的将来 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉑motive n．原因，动机，目的 a strong motive for……的一个强有力的动机 ㉒investment n．投资；投入 demand huge investment需要巨大的投资 ㉓bring great economic value带来巨大的经济价值 ㉔calculate vt．计算，核算；预测 ㉕a variety of各种 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉖coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 receive widespread media coverage受到媒体广泛报道 ㉗mechanic n．机械师，技工 ㉘assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj．助理的，副的 research assistants研究助理 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉙for me personally对我个人来说 ㉚incredibly adv．极其，极端地；令人难以置信 ㉛shape children's lives影响孩子们的生活 ㉜our thirst for knowledge我们对知识的渴望 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Why we explore In 1969，when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon，many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system and would even dare to travel beyond it．[1] This is clearly not the case．The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous，can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money①[2]．Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe，it is a waste of ② the public purse③ and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives④ here on the Earth[3]．Why do we continue to explore space，then？ 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [1]when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句。 [2]that引导表语从句。 [3]that引导宾语从句，其中while引导让步状语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 It is in our nature to explore．From the very early days of human life on the Earth，our curiosity about the unknown⑤ has kept us adventuring into new places⑥．We long to visit thick and wild forests，climb vast mountain ranges，and cross deep oceans．We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all－space．As Stephen Hawking once said[4]，“Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet． Try to make sense of ⑦ what you see and wonder about what makes 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 the universe exist．Be curious．” That we are fascinated by the sky[5] is evident in ancient tales⑧ from around the world，such as that of Chang'e．While space exploration is a reality，we remain curious about ⑨ the mysteries of the universe．With each space mission comes greater insight，thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure． [4]As引导非限制性定语从句。 [5]that引导主语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 The results of these space investigations have made major contributions to⑩ an understanding of the origin⑪，evolution，and likely future of the universe，such as planets，stars，and all other forms of matter and energy．Exploring space helps address fundamental questions⑫ about our place in the universe and the history of our solar system．It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun．[6] As we learn more about the universe，we may one day answer the question whether there is life on other planets[7]． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [6]It is...that...为强调句型，强调的是through our research into space，confirmed后是and连接的两个that引导的并列宾语从句。 [7]whether引导同位语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier．One of these is earthquake shock absorbers⑬．Shock absorbers originally applied to⑭ the space shuttle⑮launch have also been set up⑯ in the cities with a high frequency⑰ of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives．Some technologies need further research to better solve real-life problems． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 For example，liquid hydrogen⑱ is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket⑲ fuel，and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future⑳．[8] These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health，energy and information technology．This should be a strong motive㉑ for continuing to explore space． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [8]that is used widely as rocket fuel为定语从句，修饰先行词energy source；it is likely that...句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Although space exploration demands huge investment㉒，the space industry can actually bring great economic value㉓．It has been calculated㉔ that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year．[9]At the same time，space exploration can provide a variety of ㉕ career opportunities for young people．Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage㉖ [10]．There are many support staff on the ground，such as engineers，mechanics㉗ and research assistants㉘． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [9]It为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。 [10]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词astronauts。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Moreover，the amazing work these people do can provide education and inspiration for the next generation．For me personally㉙，this is by far the biggest reason for humanity to explore space．Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly㉚ exciting and inspiring to witness，and it can be these moments that shape children's lives㉛ forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future．It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge㉜ alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made．[11] When you have seen a man walk on the Moon，you grow up believing that anything is possible！[12] 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [11]It is...that...为强调句型，ensures后是that引导的宾语从句。 [12]When引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 我们为什么探索 1969年，当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球时，许多人认为不久我们就会定期访问太阳系的其他行星，甚至敢于到太阳系以外的地方旅行。事实显然不是这样。现实情况是，太空探索极其困难和危险，需要很长时间和大量的资金。有些人认为，虽然太空探索拓展了我们对宇宙的了解，但它浪费公共资金，而且对提高我们在地球上的生活质量毫无帮助。那么，我们为什么还要继续探索太空呢？ 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 探索是我们的天性。从人类在地球上生活的早期开始，我们对未知的好奇心就一直促使我们去新的地方探险。我们渴望探索茂密的原始森林，攀登广袤的山脉，越过深邃的海洋。我们渴望探索宇宙中最遥远的边界——太空。正如斯蒂芬·霍金曾经说过的：“记得仰望星空，而不是看着脚下。尽力理解你所看到的，并思考是什么让宇宙存在。要保持好奇。”我们对天空的痴迷可以从世界各地的古代故事中明显地看到，比如嫦娥的故事。虽然太空探索是现实的，但我们仍然对宇宙的奥秘感到好奇。每次太空任务都会带来更深刻的认识，从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 这些太空调查的结果对理解宇宙的起源、演化和可能的未来，如行星、恒星和所有其他形式的物质和能量，作出了重大贡献。探索太空有助于解决关于我们在宇宙中的位置和太阳系历史的基本问题。正是通过我们对太空的研究，我们已经证实了地球是圆的，并且它围绕太阳运转。随着我们对宇宙了解得更多，有一天我们可能会回答其他星球上是否有生命这个问题。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 有了最初为太空探索而研发的技术，我们可以解决人类面临的一些重大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更轻松。其中之一就是地震减震器。最初应用到航天飞机发射中的减震器也已安装在地震频发的城市里，以便保护建筑和挽救生命。有些技术需要进一步研究才能更好地解决现实生活中的问题。例如，液氢是一种清洁的替代能源，被广泛用作火箭燃料，氢燃料电池汽车很可能在不久的将来被大量生产和推出。这些科学和技术进步可在保健、能源和信息技术等许多领域为地球上的社会带来好处。这应该是继续探索太空的一个强有力的动机。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 虽然太空探索需要巨大的投资，但航空业实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。据估计，全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长。同时，空间探索可以为年轻人提供各种职业机会。航空业中的职业远不只是受到媒体广泛报道的宇航员。地面上有许多支持人员，如工程师、机械师和研究助理。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 此外，这些人所做的令人惊叹的工作可以为下一代提供教育和灵感。对我个人来说，这是迄今为止人类探索太空的最大原因。见证像航天飞机发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是极其令人兴奋和鼓舞人心的，这些时刻可以永远影响孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师。正是这种灵感使我们对知识的渴望保持活力，并确保在太空探索和许多其他领域将继续取得进展。当你看到人类在月球上行走时，你就会相信一切皆有可能！ 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 $$