04 UNIT 1 Wish you were here Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课件(译林版2020)

Period 4　 UNIT 1　Wish you were here 主题语境 人与自然 —— 自然环境、自然遗产保护 [例]They offered me free accommodation for a year，and that decided me． 他们免费为我提供一年的住宿，这就使我下定了决心。 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．accommodation n．住处 Period 4　 (1)make/offer/provide accommodation for... 为……提供住处 arrange one's accommodations 安排某人的食宿 (2)accommodate v． 提供食宿；容纳；适应(新情况) accommodate...to... 使……适应…… 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Some animal and plant species cannot accommodate __ the rapidly changing conditions． ②We can provide accommodation ___ six people at a push． to for 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]Surrounded by the forest，the village has beautiful surroundings which attract many visitors from surrounding areas． 被树林环绕，这个村庄有着足以吸引周边地区很多游客的优美环境。 2．surrounding adj．周围的，附近的 (1)surround vt． 围住，环绕；包围 be surrounded with/by 被……环绕着 (2)surroundings n． 环境 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The hotel stands in splendid isolation，__________(surround) by moorland． ②My hometown is a small village surrounded _________ rivers． ③总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。 In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope __________ ______________________________________________________． surrounded with/by you can accommodate yourselves to/adapt to the new surroundings soon 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]More and more people become aware that living in harmony with nature is essential． 越来越多的人意识到与自然和谐相处是至关重要的。 3．harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐 (1)in harmony with... 与……协调一致；与……和睦相处 out of harmony with... 与……不一致；与……不协调 (2)harmonious adj． 和谐的，协调的；和睦的 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The relations between the cadres and the masses are ___________ (harmony)． ②我认为人们应该试着与动物和谐相处。 I believe people should try to _______________________________． ③当孩子长大后，他们的想法有时可能与父母的想法不一致。 When children grow up，their ideas may sometimes be ___________________ their parents' thoughts． harmonious live in harmony with the animals out of harmony with 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather． 燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。 4．consumption n．消耗，消耗量；消费 consume vt． 耗费；消耗；吃，喝 consumer n． 消费者；顾客 consuming adj． 强烈的；重要的；令人着迷的 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Tax cuts will boost _________(consume) confidence after the recession． ②He has developed a __________(consume) passion for chess． consumer consuming 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]Actually，it all comes down to a fairly simple question：What's so special about us? 实际上，这一切都可以归结为一个相当简单的问题：我们有什么特别之处？ 5．come down to 可归结为，可归纳为 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 come up　 走近，来到；被讨论，被提及 come about 发生 come across (偶然)遇到，偶然发现 come along 跟着来；进展 come out 出版；发行 come to 合计；达到(某状况) 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Anna approached several builders and was fortunate to come ______ Eddie． ②How did this unhappy state of affairs come ______? ③中学生是否应该使用智能手机的问题在班会上被提了出来。 The problem whether the middle school students should use smartphones _______ at the class meeting． across about came up 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [例]Last weekend，my friends and I made our way to a forest． 上周末，我和我的朋友们去了森林。 6．make one's way to 去，前往 find one's way (to) 找到(去)……的路 feel one's way 摸索着前进 force/fight one's way 突破……而前进 push one's way 强行前进；挤过去 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　完成句子 ①欣喜若狂，他找到了去火车站的路，接着第一个问题来了：他没有钱买票。 Wild with excitement，he ______________________________ and then came the first problem：He had no money to buy a ticket． ②他摸索着到达野生玫瑰花丛，然后他摘下两片玫瑰花瓣。 He __________________________；he then picked up two rose petals． found his way to the railway station felt his way to a wild rose bush 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 P6 1．__________________填写下面的方框 2．______________________________________把受欢迎的度假胜地称为他们的家 3．_________________服务行业 4．_________________________为当地居民提供就业机会 5．________________依赖旅游业 fill in the box below call popular holiday destinations their homes service industries give jobs to local population depend on tourism 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 6．____________轻松的情况，令人愉快的情况 7．_______________和睦相处 8．_________________可能变糟 9．________ 处于危险中 10．___________________ 被置于危险之中 a bed of roses live in harmony be likely to suffer be at risk be put in harm's way 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 11．_________随着时间的推移 12．________________________________________导致失去对当地文化的尊重 13．___________________以负责任为目标 14．________________________减少负面影响 over time result in the loss of respect for the local culture aim to be responsible reduce the negative impact 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 P7 1．_________________可持续旅游 2．____________看风景 3．________________________________对这些地方产生积极影响 4．_________________________________以环保的方式 5．___________乘飞机 6．_______________________________________对全球环境有巨大影响 sustainable tourism see the sights make a positive impact on the places in an environmentally friendly manner by airplane have a huge impact on the global environment 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 7．___________________________乘坐本地的公共交通工具 8．_______步行 9．___________________________减少用水量 10．_________________________尊重隐私权 11．_________________请求许可 12．____________总之 travel on local public transport on foot cut back on water consumption respect the right to privacy ask for permission in summary 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 非限制性定语从句 一、非限制性定语从句的概念与分类 非限制性定语从句是指对先行词进行附加说明的从句，去掉了它也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 1．关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 China Daily attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China． 《中国日报》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 Li Hua，who is our monitor，was praised by our teacher yesterday． 李华是我们的班长，昨天被我们的老师表扬了。 (3)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。 Peter，whom you met in London，is going to Paris next week． 你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (4)whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，先行词是人时，whose＋n．相当于the＋n．＋of whom或of whom＋the＋n．。先行词是物时，whose＋n．相当于the＋n．＋of which或of which＋the＋n．。 The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us． 桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。 (5)as既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 As we all know，smoking is harmful to people's health． 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 2．关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better． 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好。 (2)where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Opposite is St Paul's Cathedral，where you can hear some lovely music． 对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom)” 引导的非限制性定语从句 此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/none/many/more/most/the largest...of which/whom等形式。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved． 就人类为什么哭出眼泪，科学家提出了许多理论，但都没有得到证实。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams． 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分人都受过良好的教育。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练1] 　单句语法填空 ①John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of ______ are family members． ②My friend，____ has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life，is retiring next month． ③My uncle gave me a book，the cover of ______ is very beautiful． ④On April 1st they flew to Beijing，______they stayed several days． ⑤Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，______，of course，made the others unhappy． whom who which where which 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 作用 对先行词起限定修饰作用，不可省略 对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，可以省略 形式 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 关系词 可以用that，why等 不可以用that，why 翻译 译成定语 译成解释语 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 试比较： The boy whose father is an engineer studies very hard．(限制性定语从句) 那个父亲是工程师的小男孩学习很努力。 The boy，whose father is an engineer，studies very hard．(非限制性定语从句) 那个小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练2] 　单句语法填空/补全句子 ①Great changes have taken place since then in the factory ______ we are working． ②He has two sons，both of ______ are doctors． ③The family，at ______ house I stayed，are friends of my father's． ④I wonder if you could create a learning environment ___________________________________________________(我们有更多机会练习说英语)． ⑤Li Ming was always late for school，__________________________ (这一点令他的老师很生气)． where whom whose where we have more chances to practice speaking English which made his teacher annoyed 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 三、注意事项 1．that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句 当先行词为reason，可用for which引导非限制性定语从句。 The main reason，for which he lost his job，was that he drank． 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 2．as引导的定语从句 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句常用在一些固定搭配中。如：as we all know众所周知；as is often the case情况经常如此；as is said above如上所述；as has been said before正如之前所说。另外，as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句前、中、后的位置。 As is said above，he has conquered the difficulty． 正如上面所说，他克服了困难。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 For instance，as we all know，dogs recognize each other via smell． 例如，我们都知道，狗通过气味来识别彼此。 He is very careful，as his work shows． 他很细心，他的工作显示出了这一点。 (2)as引导的限制性定语从句还常与the same，such等构成关联词组：the same...as；such...as；as作主语、宾语或表语。 This is the same ballpoint as I lost yesterday． 这支圆珠笔和我昨天丢的一样。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [名师点津] (1)当先行词是整个主句时，引导“主谓宾”结构的非限制性定语从句并作主语的关系代词通常用which，作宾语的关系代词可用which或as。 The little boy saw his mum，which delight him． 小男孩看见了妈妈，这使他高兴起来。 I was useful to him then，which/as he realized． 那时我对他还有用处，他意识到了这一点。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)当先行词是整个主句时，引导“主系表”结构的非限制性定语从句并作主语的关系代词可用which或as。 In the presence of so many people he was a little tense，which/as was understandable． 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (3)当先行词是主句的谓语＋宾语时，引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词可用which或as。 He visited the Great Wall，which/as he hoped he would．(which/as代表主句中的visit the Great Wall ) 他游览了长城，这是他希望做的事。 注意：上述非限制性定语从句如位于主句之前，便只能用as引导。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ①She is not such a woman __ would leave her work half done． ②Wang Fang passed her exam，______ surprised me a great deal． ③The reason，for ______ he was absent from the meeting，wasn't given． ④There is no simple answer，__ is often the case in science． ⑤Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，_________ is quite unexpected． as which which as which/as 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 短文语境填空 I have a family which is not big，but warm．In my family there are three people，1．____ are my father，my mother and I． My father is a young man，2．____ works very hard in a hospital． He likes playing football，3．______is his hobby．He also likes to read novels which were written by famous writers．My mother teaches maths in a school，4．______ I am studying．She likes watching TV plays 5．______ are acted by famous stars．I am very clever．I like playing basketball，6．______ is my hobby．And I like watching basketball games，7．______ are played by famous players． This is my family，8．______ is a warm and happy one． who who which where which which which which 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ①unending adj．无尽的，源源不断的 ②dune n．沙丘 sand dunes沙丘 ③goat n．山羊 a group of noisy goats一群吵闹的山羊 课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading) Period 4　 ④fragile adj．脆弱的；易碎的 ⑤resolution n．决心，决定；决议；解决 make a resolution to do sth．下定决心做某事 ⑥set off 出发 ⑦tower vi．高于 ⑧grain n．细粒，颗粒；谷物 grains of sand沙粒 ⑨beat down (阳光)强烈照射，曝晒 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑩contrast vi．形成对比 vt．对比，对照 n．差异，差别；对照物 contrast with 与……形成对比 ⑪strikingly adv．异乎寻常地；显著地 ⑫ray n．光线，射线 rays of sunlight阳光 ⑬with the approach of...随着……的来临 ⑭camel n．骆驼 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑮chew vi．& vt．咀嚼，嚼碎；咬住 ⑯with interest 饶有兴趣地，兴致勃勃地 ⑰starve vi．& vt．(使)饿死，(使)挨饿 ⑱barbecue n．烤架；户外烧烤 ⑲departure n．离开，起程 ⑳be stuck in被困在……中，陷入……困境 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉑mud n．泥，淤泥 ㉒border n．国界，边界 vi．& vt．(与……)接壤 on the border of处于……的边缘地带 ㉓against prep．违背，违抗(愿望、劝告或命令) against my mother's advice不顾母亲的反对 ㉔parking n．停车；停车位 a parking space一个停车位 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉕hut n．(简陋的)小屋，棚屋 next to our hut小屋旁边 ㉖brick n．砖块；积木 be made from brick砖砌 ㉗dot vt．遍布；使布满，点缀；加点n．点 ㉘flap vi．& vt．拍打，摆动；振(翅) ㉙ham n．火腿，火腿肉 ham sandwiches火腿三明治 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉚sausage n．香肠，腊肠 ㉛bunch n．串，束；大量 a bunch of 一束，一把，一群 ㉜fetch vt．(去)拿来，(去)请来 ㉝possession n．私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有 ㉞intently adv．热切地，专注地 look at me intently聚精会神地看着我 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 An adventure in Africa 30 June，Morocco My parents and I had just driven down the narrow mountain road from Marrakesh，with all its sharp bends，and had finally arrived at Merzouga．Before us stretched the unending① sand dunes② that marked the beginning of the Sahara[1]．A small boy walked past with a group of noisy goats③ as I took a long look at the yellow roadside sign 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 that told us we were entering a “fragile④ natural environment”[2]．I made a resolution⑤ to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here[3]．We set off ⑥，our vehicle quietly running over the sand and small stones[4]．It wasn't long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes towering⑦ above us on all sides[5]．The wind was blowing grains⑧ of sand from the tops of the dunes，the sun was 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 beating down⑨ hard and bright，and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before[6]．The wild beauty of the desert was about to reveal itself．There was not a plant to be seen．The desert appeared completely empty，which was calming and threatening at the same time[7]．The colours of the dunes contrasted⑩ strikingly⑪ with the blue of the cloudless sky． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词sand dunes。 [2]本句中as引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词sign。 [3]while引导时间状语从句。 [4]该结构为“名词＋动词-ing形式短语”的独立主格结构。 [5]before引导时间状语从句；动词-ing形式短语towering...作后置定语，修饰名词sand dunes。 [6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a deep shade of blue。 [7]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Eventually，as the last rays⑫ of sunlight were falling on the sand，we arrived at our desert camp．Stars were already shining brightly in the darkening sky and it was getting cold with the approach of ⑬ the night．Three camels⑭， slowly chewing⑮[8]，were resting on their knees and watching our arrival with interest⑯．“So，which one of you lucky animals will be my ride tomorrow？” I said out loud as I grabbed my bag and headed towards the warm campfire．I was starving⑰ and rushed to put a steak on the barbecue⑱． [8]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语，修饰整个句子。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 3 July，Kenya A few days after our departure⑲ from the camp，our car was well and truly stuck in⑳ the mud㉑．We were very near to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park located on the border㉒ of Kenya when my father，against㉓ my mother's advice，decided to drive through a large pool of water that stretched across the dirt road[9]．Two tall slim local people were standing by the roadside watching us with amusement [10]．They must have realized that we were totally helpless，for after a few moments，they wandered over and pushed us free．My father smiled weakly and we drove on as my mother and I waved from the car window． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a large pool of water。 [10]动词-ing形式短语作状语。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 We found a parking㉔ space next to our hut㉕， which was round and made from brick㉖[11]．The walls，painted brilliant white[12]，reflected the afternoon sun．There were five similar huts，all lined up facing Mount Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa．The mountain rose up over the plains before us．Tall grasses and trees dotted㉗ the plains，which were alive with the African wildlife we had come to see[13]．Giraffes，with their long necks，were pulling leaves from the highest branches．In the distance，elephants were eating grass，ears flapping㉘ lazily[14] as they moved slowly over the plains．I had never seen anything like this before．It was indeed the greatest show on the Earth． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [11]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hut。 [12]过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词walls。 [13]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词plains；we had come to see为定语从句，修饰先行词African wildlife，从句中省略了关系代词which/that。 [14]该结构为“名词＋动词-ing形式短语”的独立主格结构。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 We got out of the car，carrying our suitcases and boxes of food into the hut[15]．I placed ham㉙ sandwiches，sausages㉚ and a bunch㉛ of bananas on a small wooden table．I returned to the car and fetched㉜ more possessions㉝．It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana．[16] “So cute，” I thought to myself，until I realized it was my banana that he was eating! He was looking at me intently㉞ as he enjoyed the final mouthful．I was sure he was saying，“Thank you．”“You're welcome，” I replied． [15]动词-ing形式短语作状语。 [16]本句为强调句型，强调时间状语then。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 非洲探险 6月30日，摩洛哥 我和父母刚刚从马拉喀什开车沿着狭窄的山路走下，这条路有很多急转弯，最后到达了梅尔祖卡。在我们面前，绵延不绝的沙丘标志着撒哈拉沙漠的开始。我盯着黄色路标时，一个小男孩赶着一群吵闹的山羊走过，根据路标提示，我们正在进入一个“脆弱的自 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 然环境”。当我在这里的时候，我下定决心要尊重和保护这片独特的风景。我们出发了，我们的车静静地驶过沙滩和小石子。很快我们就被四周高耸的巨大沙丘包围住。风吹动着沙丘顶上的沙粒，阳光猛烈而耀眼地照射着，天空是我以前从未见过的深蓝色。沙漠的野性之美即将显露出来。一株植物也看不见。沙漠似乎完全空无一人，这里平静和威胁共存。沙丘的颜色与万里无云的蓝天形成了鲜明的对比。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 最后，当最后一缕阳光落在沙滩上时，我们来到了沙漠营地。星星在昏暗的天空中明亮地闪烁着，随着夜晚的来临，天气变得越来越冷。三只骆驼慢慢地咀嚼着，跪在地上，饶有兴趣地看着我们的到来。“那么，你们哪一个幸运的动物明天会是我的坐骑？”我一边大声说，一边拿起包朝温暖的篝火走去。我饿极了，急忙把一块牛排放在烤肉架上。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 7月3日，肯尼亚 我们离开营地几天后，我们的车完全陷在泥里了。我们离肯尼亚边境安博塞利国家公园的休息营地非常近，当时我父亲不顾母亲的反对，决定开车穿过一个横跨土路的大水池。两个身材瘦高的当地人站在路边，忍俊不禁地看着我们。他们一定意识到我们会完全无助的，因为过了一会儿，他们走过来把我们推了出来。父亲勉强笑了笑，我们继续开车，我和母亲通过车窗挥手致意。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 我们在小屋旁边找到了一个停车位，小屋是圆形的，是砖砌的。墙壁刷成了明亮的白色，反射着午后的阳光。有五间类似的小屋，都排成一排，面向非洲的最高山脉——乞力马扎罗山。这座山在我们面前的平原上拔地而起。高高的草丛和树木点缀着平原，那里生活着我们所看到的非洲野生动物。长颈鹿长着长长的脖子，从最高的树枝上拽下树叶。远处，大象正在吃草， 懒洋洋地拍打着耳朵，慢慢地在平原上移动。 我以前从未见过这样的场景。这确实是地球上 最壮观的景象。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 我们下了车，提着手提箱和食品盒进了小屋。我把火腿三明治、香肠和一串香蕉放在一张小木桌上。我回到车上，又拿了些物品。就在那时，我注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐在几米开外的树上，吃着一根香蕉。“好可爱。”我心想，直到我意识到他吃的是我的香蕉！当他享受完最后一口时，他聚精会神地看着我。我肯定他在说：“谢谢。”“不客气。”我回答道。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 $$