18 UNIT 3 The world online Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．belong vi.应在(某处)；能适应 belong to　 属于；归……所有；是……的成员 belonging n.　 稳定关系，归属感 a sense of belonging　 一种归属感 belongings n.　 动产；财物 [名师点津]　belong to 不用于被动语态和进行时态。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Live Music is a website that belongs (belong) to all music lovers. ②—Where do these books belong? —They belong on the bookshelf. ③When she moved to a new city，it took some time to find a sense of belonging(belong) in her new neighborhood. ④离开餐馆之前记得带走属于你的所有物品。 Remember to take everything belonging to you before leaving the restaurant. 2．request vt.要求，请求n．要求，请求；要求的事 be requested to do sth.　 被要求做某事 request sth.from sb.　 向某人请求/要求某物 request that.../It is requested that... 　 请求/要求……(that从句用虚拟语气， 谓语用“should ＋ 动词原形”， 其中 should 可省略) at one's request/at the request of sb. 　 应某人的要求 on request　 一经请求/要求 by request　 按照要求 make a request for sth.　 请求/要求得到某物 make a request＋that... 　 请求/要求……(从句的谓语用“should ＋动词原形”，其中should可省略) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As we are often told，visitors are requested (request) not to touch the exhibits. ②The staff immediately requested that he (should)_reconsider (reconsider) his decision. ③You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question. ④要求所有学生本周末前提交他们的项目提案。 It is requested that all the students (should) submit their projects by the end of the week. 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾补 [观察例句] 指出句中黑体部分所作的成分 ①Having lived in Beijing for many years，he knows the city well. 原因状语 ②The children eagerly unwrapped their birthday presents，laughing with excitement． 伴随状语 ③Walking down the street，she noticed a stray cat crying for attention. 时间状语 ④She found him sitting on the porch，staring into the distance. 宾补 ⑤The dog lying in the sun looked content and relaxed. 定语 [归纳用法] 一、动词-ing的形式、意义及功能 形式 意义 功能 动词-ing doing 主动、进行 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语 being done 被动、进行 having done 主动、完成 having been done 被动、完成 In the ant city，the queen's job is laying eggs．(作表语) 在蚁城，蚁后的工作是产卵。 The girl wearing a red dress is his sister.(作定语) 穿红色连衣裙的女孩是他的妹妹。 Working in the factory，he was an advanced worker.(作时间状语) 在工厂工作时，他是一名高级工人。 He dropped the glass，breaking it into pieces．(作结果状语) 他把杯子弄掉了，使它摔得粉碎。 二、动词-ing 形式作定语 1．说明被修饰名词的用途和性能，必须位于被修饰词之前，且与被修饰词没有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： a reading room(＝a room which is used for reading)阅览室 a sleeping car(＝a car which is used for sleeping) 卧铺车厢 2．表示被修饰的人或物的动作或状态，且与被修饰词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动或正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。单个的动词-ing形式作定语时通常置于被修饰词之前，动词-ing形式短语必须置于被修饰词之后。动词-ing形式(短语)作定语，相当于一个定语从句。如： developing countries (＝ countries that are developing)发展中国家 a sleeping child (＝ a child that is sleeping)一个正在睡觉的孩子 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 ①He walked around stiffly carrying a walking (walk) stick. ②Barking (bark) dogs seldom bite. ③Just Dance is a website belonging(belong) to all dance lovers. ④They are visitors coming (come) from several countries. 三、动词-ing 形式作状语 动词-ing形式(短语)可在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步等，相当于一个状语从句。 1．作时间状语。 When hearing their teacher's voice，the pupils stopped talking at once. 听到他们老师的声音后，学生们立即停止了讲话。 Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 工作两天后，史蒂夫成功按时完成了报告。 2．作原因状语。 Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem，he turned to the teacher for help. 不知道怎样解那道物理难题，他向老师求助。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film. 那天晚上我被要求加班，所以错过了一场精彩的电影。 3．作条件状语。 Working hard，you'll succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功。 Turning to the left，you'll find the path leading to the village. 左拐，你会发现通往村子的小路。 4．作结果状语。通常位于句末，前面有逗号。有时为了加强语气，前面加thus. Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay． 他们的车陷入了交通拥堵，因而延误了。 The cool wind swept through our bedroom windows，making the air conditioning unnecessary．凉爽的风透过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，让空调变得毫无必要。 5．作方式状语或伴随状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。 Jane moved aimlessly down the street，not knowing where she was heading． 简在街上漫无目的地走着，不知道要往哪里去。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的水手一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 6．作让步状语。有时其前可以带有连接词 although，though等。 Though lacking money and support from his family，he managed to complete the task by himself. 尽管缺少资金和家人的支持，他还是设法靠自己完成了任务。 Although impressing the examiners，he nevertheless failed. 尽管给考官留下了深刻的好印象，他还是没通过考试。 [即时训练2]——完成句子 ①我站在那儿等她。 I stood there，waiting for her． ②他传播了总统将会辞职的谣言，导致那个国家的极大的混乱。 He spread a rumour that the president was going to resign，leading to a great confusion in that country． ③取得成功之后，菲奥纳希望通过其他新媒体形式吸引更多的用户。 Having achieved success，Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. ④因为以前在那家自助餐厅吃过饭，他建议我们去那里。 Having eaten at that cafeteria before，he suggested that we go there. 四、动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语 1．动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语补足语时，置于宾语后面； 与宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语是其逻辑主语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作，或强调一种状态。 I heard him playing the piano． 我听见他在弹钢琴。 If the speakers are good，you will find yourself agreeing with both of them． 如果(双方)发言者都很棒，你会发现你对双方的观点都赞同。 注意：当句子转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式(短语)便作主语补足语。 He was heard playing the piano． 有人听见他在弹钢琴。 2．以下两类动词(短语)能跟动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语补足语 (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to 等。 Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it being performed live is quite another. 在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。 注意：see，hear，feel，watch 等感官动词之后可跟动词-ing形式(短语) 和动词不定式(通常省略 to)作宾语补足语。前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。 (2)表示“致使”意义的使役动词，常见的有 have，get，keep，leave等。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting． 不好意思让你久等了。 I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 [即时训练3]——补全句子 ①The woman had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing (看女儿跳舞)two years ago. ②She always found dance relaxing(觉得跳舞能令人放松) after a long day at school. ③His remarks left me wondering (让我想知道) about his real purpose. 短文语境填空 As my daughter and I parked in front of our local grocery store，under the eaves(屋檐) in front of us were a homeless gentleman and his dog.1．Entering (enter) the store，I decided that the least I could do was to buy lunch for the gentleman and food and water for his dog.2．Standing (stand) at the checkout(付款台)I noticed the man in the store 3．try/trying (try) to calculate what he could get with the change 4．given (give) to him by someone while I was inside.My first thought was that I knew who was watching his dog.As I exited，my very shy daughter was there，5．keeping (keep) an eye on and playing with his dog.The gentleman came out shortly after me，6．surprised (surprise) to see that he had lunch 7．waiting (wait).Certainly he found his dog 8．fed (feed) by us.He thanked both of us.I nodded，9．saying (say) that in such times we all need some help and that hopefully there will always be someone there 10．to do (do) so when we each need it. 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①be glued to sth.全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近 glue v.黏合，粘贴 ②reach for 伸手去拿(也可以表示为reach out for) ③a dead battery 没电的电池 dead adj.用完了的 ④take up 占据，占用 ⑤could have done 本来能够做某事 ⑥slide into the habit 陷入这种习惯 slide v．逐渐陷入 ⑦knock sb.off one's feet 撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地 ⑧make up one's mind 某人下定决心 ⑨be used to 习惯于(后跟动词时用动词-ing形式) ⑩of value 有价值的(此处作后置定语) ⑪stretch out 伸展；延深 ⑫disconnected adj.断开的；无关联的 ⑬keep a journal of 记日记 journal n．日记；报纸，杂志 ⑭reveal vt.展示，显出；揭示，透露 ⑮earthy adj.人间的，尘世的，世俗的 ⑯wide-ranging conversation 话题广泛的交谈 range n．范围，方面 ⑰brief texts 简短信息文本 ⑱enjoy each other's company享受彼此的陪伴 company n．陪伴 ⑲give me a great appreciation for 让我好好享受…… ⑳take advantage of 利用 Smartphone：a smart choice? I was a smartphone addict.My eyes were glued to① the little screen whenever I walked down the street，had dinner with friends or lay in bed at night[1].The first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was reach for② my phone．[2]I always asked for Wi-Fi connections when I went to a new restaurant or coffee shop.A dead battery③ in my smartphone would make me feel stressed.Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up④ too much of my time，and that I could have done⑤ something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day.Sliding into the habit⑥ was easy，but it was difficult to quit the habit. [1]whenever引导时间状语从句。 [2]was后的reach省略不定式符号to，因为前面主语部分有did。 Then the day came when I finally realized I had to make a change[3].Head down，eyes on my smartphone[4]，I stepped into the road and a car shot past，nearly knocking me off my feet⑦！At that very moment，I made up my mind⑧ to spend a whole week without my smartphone. [3]when引导定语从句，修饰the day，被谓语动词came隔开。 [4]此处为独立主格结构作状语。 The first day was the hardest.I was used to⑨ checking the news and my friends' social media updates every few minutes，but now I did not know what to do with myself.I kept reaching for my pocket，for my smartphone that was not there[5].I felt lost and anxious，as if I had missed something of value⑩.Very soon，time slowed down.The empty hours stretched out⑪ in front of me，and I felt disconnected⑫ from everyone and everything. [5]that引导定语从句，修饰smartphone。 It was scary at first.Then somehow I began to feel free.The things that I had time for！[6] I finally picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language.I kept a journal of⑬ my feelings，thoughts and daily activities to see how much progress I was making[7].I went out for a run and felt more alive than I had in days[8].The details of the scene were revealed⑭ in front of me：the soft sunlight，a bird singing from a high tree branch，the rich and earthy⑮ smell of the soil after the rain.Best of all，I began to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes，instead of through my smartphone camera. [6]此处是省略句，句子主干仅保留了The things，用以强调。that引导定语从句。 [7]此处是定语从句，修饰progress，省略了引导词that/which，包含的词组为make progress。 [8]I had...为定语从句省略形式，完整形式为I had felt。 My offline relationships benefited as well.I went for a long walk with an old friend.Our wide-ranging conversation⑯ went so much deeper than brief texts⑰ ever could.With eyes no longer fixed on our phones，we had a chance to really enjoy each other's company⑱.I also made sure to spend more time with my parents.We went to the opera，played badminton，and visited museums.One night，my mother took out some family photos and we laughed about old times.I brought them up to date with what was going on in my life.We had never felt closer to each other. By the end of the week，I almost did not want to turn my phone back on.Those seven days have given me a great appreciation for⑲ life beyond the screen.Real life—and real relationships—are more important to me now.I cannot escape from the modern world，but I can cut back on the amount of time I spend on my smartphone every day，and I do.Life beyond smartphones is richer and more beautiful，and I am going to take advantage of⑳ it. 智能手机：明智的选择？ 我是个“智能手机控”。无论是走在大街上，还是同朋友吃饭，或者晚上躺在床上，我都目不转睛地盯着这块小小的屏幕。早晨醒来，我做的第一件事情就是伸手去拿手机。每当我到一家新餐厅或者咖啡厅时，我都会要求连上他们的无线网。如果手机电量耗尽，会让我感到焦虑。有时候，我有种不安的感觉，这台小机器占用了我太多的时间，我本可以做一些更有意义的事，而不是整天只盯着一个小屏幕看。陷入这种习惯很容易，戒掉它却很难。 终于我意识到自己必须作出改变的那天到来了。(那天)我低着头，眼睛盯着智能手机，走到马路上，突然一辆车飞驰过来，差点把我撞倒！我下定决心，过一周不碰手机的日子。 第一天是最艰难的。我已经习惯了隔几分钟就翻翻新闻，浏览一下朋友们社交媒体的更新情况，但现在我不知道该拿自己怎么办才好。我不停地伸手去掏我的口袋，因为我的智能手机不在那里。我感到迷惘、紧张，仿佛我丢失了什么宝贵的东西。很快，时间就慢了下来。空虚的时光在我面前拉长，我感觉和所有人、所有事都断了联系。 一开始很恐慌。然后不知怎的我开始感受到自由。我有时间可以做些事了！我终于重拾那本我一直都想读的名著小说，很快就沉浸在它优美的语言中。我用日记记录自己的感受、思绪和日常活动，看看自己都取得了多大的进步。我出门跑步，感觉自己比前几天要更有活力。风景的细微之处展现在我的面前：阳光柔和，一只小鸟在高高的树枝上歌唱，雨后土壤散发出浓郁的泥土气息。最棒的是，我开始通过自己的双眼，而不是手机的摄像头，来欣赏生活中的美。 我的线下人际关系也受益良多。我和一位老友走了很长一段路。我们话题广泛的交谈比简短的信息沟通要深刻得多。眼睛不再盯着手机，我们得以真正享受彼此的陪伴。我也确保留出更多的时间和父母一起度过。我们去看了歌剧，打了羽毛球，参观了博物馆。有天晚上，我妈拿出了几张家庭合影，回忆往昔，我们开怀大笑。我也让他们知悉最近我生活中发生了哪些事。我们从来没有觉得彼此这么亲近。 那周快结束时，我几乎不想再打开手机了。这七天的经历让我得以好好享受屏幕之外的生活。现在，真实的生活和真实的人际关系对我来说更为重要。我无法逃离现代世界，但我可以减少每天花在智能手机上的时间，而且我也就是这么做的。智能手机以外的生活更丰富也更美妙，我要善加利用。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$