13 UNIT 2 Natural disasters Period 6 课时学案 写作-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 6　 写作(Writing) 关于自然灾害场景文本描写 自然灾害的文本描写一般包括灾害的发生、场景、危害以及人们的认识和感受等。该类描写要求学生通过本单元学习，掌握相关词汇表达，并能用准确的语言描述自然灾害的场景和危害，培养面对灾害的意志，并倡导关爱大自然的意识。 [基本框架] 1．开头——灾害发生 2．主体——灾害场景和危害损失 3．结尾——感受和认识 [常用表达] 1．cause a great loss 造成巨大损失 2．take safety measures 采取安全措施 3．leave the area in ruins 使这个地区成为废墟 4．seriously injured his legs 他的双腿严重受伤 5．feel a sudden urge to run away突然想赶快逃走 6．cause damage to property 造成财产损失 7．a house looking as if to fall down 看上去好像要倒塌的一栋房子 8．hope to find their missing son希望找到他们失踪的儿子 假设你是李华。2024年3月31日，江西省南昌市遭遇罕见的强降雨天气，造成数人伤亡。你的英国笔友Tom来信表达慰问，请你回信，简要描述灾害并表达感想。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom， I sincerely appreciate your heartfelt condolences. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Warm regards. Yours， Li Hua [审题构思] 1．确定体裁：回信； 2．确定人称： 第一和第三人称； 3．确定时态： 一般过去时和一般现在时； 4．确定内容： ①感谢笔友的关切和慰问； ②描写灾害情况； ③表达战胜灾害的意志和决心。 [遣词造句] 1．最近南昌的强降雨造成了人员伤亡，而且暴雨也造成了更多的财产损失。 The recent heavy rainfall in Nanchang has resulted in deaths and injuries and it also caused more property damage. 2．雨水淹没了街道，冲毁了房屋，并使许多人被迫离开家园。 The pouring rain covered the streets，damaged houses severely，and forced a lot of people leave their homes. 3．这次自然灾害使我们深感悲痛。然而，尽管困难重重，我们决心团结一致，开始重建受灾地区的行程。 This natural disaster has left us deeply saddened．However，despite the difficulties，we are determined to come together as a community and start the journey of rebuilding the affected areas. 4．我们都希望，通过我们的共同努力，我们能够在未来减少这类灾害的影响。 We all hope that through our united efforts，we can reduce the impact of such disasters in the future. [句式升级] 1．用as well as将句1变为更为简洁的表达。 The recent heavy rainfall in Nanchang has resulted in deaths and injuries as well as more property damage. 2．将句2变成被动句。 Streets were flooded under water，houses were severely damaged，and numerous individuals have been displaced from their homes. 3．用it作形式主语改写句4。 It is our collective hope that through our united efforts，we can reduce the impact of such disasters in the future. [连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语) ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Dear Tom， I sincerely appreciate your heartfelt condolences.The recent heavy rainfall in Nanchang has resulted in deaths and injuries as well as more property damage.Streets were flooded under water，houses were severely damaged，and numerous individuals have been displaced from their homes.This natural disaster has left us deeply saddened.However，despite the difficulties，we are determined to come together as a community and start the journey of rebuilding the affected areas.It is our collective hope that through our united efforts，we can reduce the impact of such disasters in the future. Thank you for your sincere support and concern during these hard times. Warm regards. Yours， Li Hua 人物个性描写 [词块积累] 1．stand out from the crowd 脱颖而出 2．a simple-minded man 头脑简单的人 3．lack of responsibility 缺乏责任感 4．be of a determined character性格果断 5．be popular with...受……欢迎 6．a good-humored/good-natured person脾气好的人 7．a man of strong personality个性强的人 8．lovable and good-natured personality可爱温和的个性 9．an easy person to deal with 容易相处的人 10．be ready to help others 乐于助人 [佳句积累] 1．It is easy to deal with someone who is down to earth. 和坦诚低调的人交往很容易。 2．Some of these young musicians are hugely talented. 这些年轻的音乐家中有些极有天赋。 3．He is an ambitious young man full of enthusiasm and engergy. 他是个充满热情与活力的有远大抱负的青年。 4．She never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. 她从不放弃，总是努力过积极的生活。 5．He would never be improper；he is always a perfect gentleman. 他总是举止得体，一直是个完美的绅士。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It took place in a teacher's family.One day，Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school，when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf.The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off.What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique，which was handed down through generations from the 18th century.It was also his mother's favorite possession.To cover his terrible action，the terrified boy glued(粘) the pieces together quickly and put the vase back to its place. The mother herself naturally noticed it that evening.To her surprise，the repair work was actually very good.At dinner time，she asked her boy if he broke the vase.Fearing punishment，the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbor's cat jumped in from the window and he couldn't drive it away no matter how hard he tried.It raced around the living room and finally knocked the vase off its shelf.His mother was quite clear that her son was lying，for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned.However，in the face of her son's nervous eyes and the looks of the other family members，Ben's mother remained calm.She realized she shouldn't just simply blame and punish her son for lying.She came up with another idea. Before going to bed，the boy found a note from his mother in his room，asking him to go to the study at once.The boy thought he would now be punished but，as he had already lied，he was determined to deny everything to the end，no matter how angry his mother became. In the study，calmly bathed in the light，his mother's face showed no sign of anger.On seeing her son push open the door and enter，she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one. The mother said，“This chocolate is a reward for your imagination—a window-opening cat！” Hearing her words，Ben went red，lowered his head and said a thank you.Surprisingly，the mother took out another chocolate and pressed it into his hand.“This one is for the delicate repair work you did to the broken vase.” She also added that she was moved by how much the boy valued the family possessions.Ben felt a flow of shame through his body，and had to lower his head.The mother then calmly encouraged Ben to reward himself with more chocolate for any other good things he had displayed in this event.He did as told to，promising that he was calm when facing the accident. Now with some chocolates in hand，the boy's bad attitude disappeared. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Now with some chocolates in hand，the boy's bad attitude disappeared.His hand and forehead sweating，nervousness welled up inside him.After what seemed a long time，he looked up at his mother，admitted that it was not the cat but he that had broken the vase accidentally and asked for punishment.“I'm sorry I lied to you，Mum.Please take back the chocolate.” Feeling so ashamed，Ben couldn't hold back his tears.He opened his hand wide，ready to return the chocolate.To his surprise，however，his mother placed the whole bag of chocolate in his hand，smiling，“Honesty deserves the best reward，my dear.” 课时分层作业(六) Ⅰ．阅读理解 A Climate change is making a safe，slow adjustment to heat much harder by upending(颠覆) what we'd typically expect as seasons change. Although late summer can bring more extreme temperatures，early heat waves have a particularly dangerous influence.A large body of research tends to find that early summer heat waves can have higher rates of death compared to later in the season. There are a few explanations for this phenomenon.One theory is that the most vulnerable populations will not be able to fight the higher temperatures at the start of the season，so there are fewer vulnerable people in the more intense heat waves a few months later.A second explanation is the acclimatization (适应环境)effect，since people need time to adjust to heat.How much time a person needs to physiologically adapt depends. The way we adapt to early season heat isn't just about physiological changes in our bodies.Behaviour makes a difference too，as do policies and infrastructure that help people cope. The US still has few policies that help protect people from the most extreme summertime heat.Even the protections that exist around heat don't focus on the vital early season.Besides，the protection measures，where they do exist，don't typically kick in until after a certain date or when temperatures are above 95 degrees Fahrenheit，which is far beyond what some vulnerable populations can handle. “We barely have enough resources to deal with what's occurring right now，”said University of Arizona professor of urban planning Ladd Keith.“With climate change，we're seeing increasing frequency，intensity，and duration of heat waves，so we need to adjust our response.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。由于气候变化产生极端的热浪，人们很难缓慢适应炎热。初夏的热浪给人们造成了致命的威胁。 1．What can we learn from paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Our ability to adjust to heat varies from person to person. B．Infrastructure will hardly affect our adaptation to early heat. C．Old people can properly fight the higher temperatures in early summer. D．Physiological changes make a big difference to our behaviour. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A second explanation is the acclimatization effect，since people need time to adjust to heat.How much time a person needs to physiologically adapt depends.”可知，人们对高温的适应能力因人而异。故选A项。] 2．What do we know about America's reaction to early heat waves? A．Its response needs adjustment due to climate change. B．It has enough resources to deal with the present situation. C．Only a few measures concentrate on the deadly early season. D．Its policies can effectively help protect people from the early season heat. A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The US still has few policies that help protect people from the most extreme summertime heat.Even the protections that exist around heat don't focus on the vital early season.”及最后一段中的“With climate change，we're seeing increasing frequency，intensity，and duration of heat waves，so we need to adjust our response.”可知，由于气候变化，美国的应对措施需要调整。故选A项。] 3．Which section of a magazine does the text probably come from? A．Technology.　　　 B．Nature. C．Population.　 D．Politics. B　[文章出处题。根据第一段中的“Climate change is making a safe，slow adjustment to heat much harder by upending what we'd typically expect as seasons change.”及第二段内容可知，气候变化导致极端的热浪，初夏的热浪给人们造成了致命的威胁。全篇围绕这个主题展开介绍，该主题与自然有关。故选B项。] 4．What's the best title for the text? A．Climate Change Leads to Early Summer Heat B．Why Can Early Heat Waves Lead to More Deaths? C．How Can We Adapt to Early Season Heat? D．Early Heat Waves Can Be the Deadliest D　[标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“A large body of research tends to find that early summer heat waves can have higher rates of death compared to later in the season.”可知，本文主要介绍了初夏热浪的死亡率高于夏末。故选D项。] B Natural Disasters Require Special Building Design Natural disasters happen everywhere in the world.Many cause property damage and loss of life.But researchers say the severity (严重性) of their effects can be reduced if people take steps to prepare. A new exhibit teaches what governments and individuals can do to lessen the effects.Chrysanthe Broikos organized the exhibit at the National Building Museum.She says large buildings and other structures can survive strong earthquakes if they are built with some level of flexibility.In other words，they need to be able to bend and move as the earth shakes. “We need to let buildings move and we can actually understand where they might fail，and then go in and design buildings with that in mind.” One building design is called a “special moment frame”．It enables movement at points where large load-bearing supports join each other.Rubber-based foundation blocks let buildings move，while huge shock absorbers (缓冲器) help to limit the shaking. The museum exhibit has a model of a wind wall.The model shows how some roofs or tops of buildings are more likely to be destroyed than others because of the strong winds of hurricanes.Chrysanthe Broikos says tests show that a reasonable angled roof is best able to withstand wind storms.In areas with powerful winds，researchers have strongly urged the creation of at least one “safe room”．This is a place where building occupants can spend the most dangerous part of the storm. Another concern is how to deal with storms and flooding.Some coastal communities in the US have made artificial reefs from oysters (牡蛎) shells instead of rocks.The builders use shells collected from restaurants to create the barriers.Chrysanthe Broikos also suggests setting aside land along the coast for parks instead of housing.She says this is more natural and keeps valuable property away from danger. As for forest fires，researchers now suggest clearing an area about 60 meters wide around a single-family house. “What that means is trying to keep that area free of material that easily burns.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说如果人们做好了准备，便可以降低自然灾害的影响。 5．What does Chrysanthe Broikos think about the buildings that can survive strong earthquakes? A．They should be fixed enough. B．Their height needs to be reasonable. C．Their location is the most important. D．They are mobile and bendable. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“She says large buildings and other structures can survive strong earthquakes if they are built with some level of flexibility.In other words，they need to be able to bend and move as the earth shakes.(她说，大型建筑和其他结构如果在建造时具有一定程度的灵活性，就可以在强震中幸存下来。换句话说，它们需要能够在地震时弯曲和移动)”可知，Chrysanthe Broikos认为可移动和可弯曲的建筑能在强震中幸存下来。故选D项。] 6．What does the underlined word “that” in the third paragraph refer to? A．Lessening the effects. B．Where they might fail. C．Designing buildings. D．Special moment frame. B　[代词指代题。画线代词指前文提到的人或事，根据第三段“We need to let buildings move and we can actually understand where they might fail，and then go in and design buildings with that in mind.(我们需要让建筑移动，这样我们才能真正了解它们可能会在哪里倒塌，然后在设计建筑时考虑到这一点)”可知，that代指的是“它们可能会在哪里倒塌”。故选B项。] 7．Which of the following belongs to the measures to deal with storms and flooding? A．Don't build houses along the coast. B．Set aside land for parking cars. C．Make artificial reefs from rocks. D．Raise oysters in large number. A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Another concern is how to deal with storms and flooding.Some coastal communities in the US have made artificial reefs from oysters shells instead of rocks.The builders use shells collected from restaurants to create the barriers.Chrysanthe Broikos also suggests setting aside land along the coast for parks instead of housing.(另一个问题是如何应对风暴和洪水。美国的一些沿海社区用牡蛎壳代替岩石制作了人工珊瑚礁。建造者使用从餐馆收集的贝壳来建造屏障。Chrysanthe Broikos还建议将沿海的土地留作公园而不是住宅)”可知，Chrysanthe Broikos建议不要沿着海岸建房子。故选A项。] 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．Different types of natural disasters. B．Preparations for natural disasters. C．Reactions to natural disasters. D．Effects of natural disasters. B　[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Natural disasters happen everywhere in the world.Many cause property damage and loss of life.But researchers say the severity of their effects can be reduced if people take steps to prepare.(自然灾害发生在世界各地。许多事故造成财产损失和生命损失。但研究人员表示，如果人们做好准备，其影响的严重程度可以降低)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是为自然灾害作准备。故选B项。] Ⅱ．应用文写作 假如你是李华，从朋友Bob处借的字典被你不小心遗失。请你用英语给他写一封信，内容包括： 1．告知字典遗失并致歉； 2．简要描述遗失经过； 3．提出补救措施。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Bob， ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Bob， I regret to tell you that I lost your dictionary.Now I'm writing to express my deepest apology for my carelessness. I remember clearly that I put it in my schoolbag last Friday.But when arriving home，I found it missing.I assume that maybe it was left on the bus as I took it out to look up a word on my way home.I have contacted the bus company and haven't got any reply yet.To make up for the inconvenience caused，I will buy you a new dictionary. I'm sorry and please accept my sincere apology. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$