11 UNIT 2 Natural disasters Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．shock n．震惊，惊愕；令人震惊的事；剧烈震动vt.使震惊；使气愤 be a shock to sb.　 对某人来说是一个打击 shocked adj.　 吃惊的；震惊的 shocking adj.　 令人震惊的 be shocked at/by...　 对……感到震惊 be shocked to see/hear/find sth.　 看到/听到/发现某事很震惊 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They were shocked (shock) to hear that the hospital was closing down. ②The news of the sudden death of the famous actor was shocking (shock)to his fans. ③Winning the championship was a shock that completely changed Mary's life. ④我对这部电影意外的结局感到震惊；这不是我预料中的。 I was shocked by the unexpected ending of the movie；it was not what I had anticipated. 2．scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕n．恐慌；惊吓 scare (sb./sth.) away/off　 (把某人/某物)吓跑 scare sb.into doing sth.　 恐吓某人做某事 scare sb.to death　 把某人吓得要死 scared adj.　 惊恐的；害怕的(指人或动物突然 受到刺激所产生的恐惧的心理状态) scary adj.　 引起惊慌的；吓人的(多用于指 事物令人惊恐、害怕的特征) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well. ②The loud thunder scared (scare) the little girl and she ran to her mother for comfort. ③The horror movie was so scary (scare) that I had nightmares for days after watching it. ④我恐高得要命，所以我从不走近高楼的边缘。 I am scared to death of heights，so I never go near the edge of tall buildings. 3．power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量vt.以动力驱动；供电 be in power　 执政；掌权 come into/to power＝take power　 上台；执政 hold sb.in one's power...　 使某人在……的控制之下 beyond/out of one's power　 某人无权/力所不能及 a power failure　 停电 a power station/plant　 发电站；发电厂 powerful adj.　 有影响力的；有势力的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Such is the power of the Internet that it can make a person suddenly famous. ②I'm sorry it's beyond my power to make a final decision. ③The city was hit by a powerful(power) storm that knocked down trees and power lines. ④这款电动自行车由一块电池供电，充电一次可行驶60英里。 The electric bike is powered by a battery that can last up to 60 miles on a single charge. 4．run out of 用完，耗尽 run out　 为不及物动词短语，主语为物， 不能用于被动语态 run out of　 为及物动词短语，主语为人 use up　 为及物动词短语，主语为人， 相当于run out of give out　 为不及物动词短语，相当于run out [即学即练]——补全句子/完成句子 ①He has run out of/has used up (花光) his money and his patience is also running out (耗尽). ②Food in the flooded area ran out fast/was used up fast (很快被消耗尽)since more and more people became homeless. ③After a month，their food supplies gave out/ran out (耗尽). ④北京有如此多的名胜以至于大多数游客根本没有时间看完。 So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing them all. 5．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备vt.供应，供给，提供 a supply of　 ……的供给量 be in short supply　 供应短缺 supply sb.with sth./supply sth.to sb.　 (尤指大量)供应给某人某物 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She needed to supply her contact information for the registration process. ②The teacher supplied the students with all the necessary materials for the science experiment. ③The government decided to increase funding to ensure a stable supply of clean water to the village. ④这家工厂通过增加生产能力来满足对其产品的需求。 The factory was able to supply the demand for their products by increasing production capacity. 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 不定式作定语表示尚未发生或者即将发生的事情。不定式作结果状语多表示紧接谓语动词后发生的动作或状态，或者描述谓语动词所造成的结果。不定式的一般式为to do (主动形式)和to be done (被动形式)。 [观察例句] 指出句中不定式所作的成分 ①I was staying in Atlanta，which was one of the cities to be hit by a hurricane. 作定语 ②I turned on the TV for some news，only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.作结果状语 ③There was nothing for me to do but stay at home. 作定语 ④I had enough food and water to last a whole week! 作结果状语 ⑤I looked out of the window，only to see huge trees lying across the street. 作结果状语 [归纳用法] 一、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语置于被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词的逻辑关系如下： 1．主谓关系 被修饰词是动词不定式的动作发出者。此时用不定式的主动形式，被修饰词前通常有only，very，first，next，last等形容词或序数词。 He's always the first person of the team to put forward the solution to the problem. 他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。 2．动宾关系 被修饰词是动词不定式的动作承受者。此时应根据需要用不定式的主动或被动形式。 The only sound to be heard was the soughing of the wind. 唯一被听到的声音是风的沙沙作响。 He has a large family to support． 他得养一大家人。 there be 句型中的不定式可用主动或被动形式。 There is so much work to do/to be done. 有许多工作要做。 如果不定式中的动词是不及物的， 需要增加合适的介词。 Do you have enough paper to write on? 你有足够的纸来写字吗？ 3．同位关系 动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为question，ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，time，decision，effort，failure，moment，promise，right，way，wish，answer，reason等。 The voluntary service gives you a chance to change lives，including your own. 志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会， 包括(改变)你自己的生活。 You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems． 你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。 [即时训练1]——完成句子 ①要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 The car to be bought is for his sister. ②格林一家有一幢舒适的房子居住。 The Greens have a comfortable house to live in． ③她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 She was the first female to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构： 1．so...as to do sth./such...as to do sth. 太……以至于…… Would you please be so kind as to help me? 您能好心帮帮我吗？ He is such a fool as to believe them. 他如此傻以至于相信他们。 2．常与only，never等连用，与only连用表示出乎意料的结果 He went to school early only to find nobody was there. 他早早地去了学校， 结果却发现学校没人。 She went abroad never to return． 她出国了，结果再也没回来。 3．too...to do sth.太……以至于不能做某事 The trunk is too small to hold all these things. 这个后备箱太小以至于装不下所有这些东西。 4．...enough...to do sth. 足够……做某事 The girl was lucky enough to get a train ticket. 这个女孩足够幸运，抢到了一张火车票。 [即时训练2]——单句语法填空 ①He hurried to the school，only to find (find) there was nobody on campus. ②When questioned by the media，they were too nervous to say (say) anything. ③These days，football，going back over two thousand years to ancient China，is fun enough to attract (attract) millions of people. ④The case was too heavy to be carried(carry) by a child. 短文语境补全句子 This afternoon，I went to the school library to find books about hurricanes.At 3 p.m.，I arrived at Mr Li's office，1．only to find he was not in his office(结果发现他不在办公室).Just then，I saw a note from Mr Li on the office door 2．saying he was in the meeting room(上面说他在会议室).I went there and we talked about his experiences during a strong hurricane.Mr Li described the hurricane in great detail.He also mentioned a charity event 3．to raise funds(募集资金)for the disaster area.Our interview ended at 3：50 p.m.because Mr Li had 4．a staff meeting to attend(要参加员工会议) at 4 p.m.Next I went through my notes of Mr Li's experiences at 5 p.m.I went to the school computer room to make PPT slides for my project. 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①leave his mark on 产生影响 mark n．印记，特征 ②classic adj.经典的 classical adj.古典的 ③systematically adv.系统地，有条理地 ④unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘 ⑤pleasure boats 游船 ⑥the rich 富人们 “the＋形容词”可用于表示一类人，如the poor穷人；the young 年轻人 ⑦in all directions 向着四面八方 ⑧cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 cap vt.覆盖 ⑨now...now...时而……时而…… ⑩be to come 即将来临 be to do 将要发生 ⑪unspeakable adj.无法形容的；不能以言语表达的 ⑫shoot v．喷发出 ⑬take the form of 形成……的形状 ⑭dying red 熄灭之前的暗红 dying adj.最后的，快要结束的 ⑮an unbearable light 刺眼的强光 unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的 ⑯mountain-cloud 山云：一种出现在山区的云，通常由于山体阻挡气流而形成。 ⑰throw out a shower of ashes 抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰 throw out 扔掉。本句中表示“喷出”。 shower n．阵雨；一阵 ⑱many a许多 ⑲each turned to fly...每个人都转身飞跑…… ⑳roll away (指时间)迅速移动 ㉑dig v．(dug，dug) 挖掘，发掘 ㉒resting place n．长眠之地 ㉓remains n．古迹，遗迹 The Last Days of Pompeii (Excerpt) Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803－1873) was a talented British writer who left his mark on① the English language.His classic② novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79，when Mount Vesuvius erupted[1].This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely，but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages[2].Since 1748，Pompeii has been systematically③ unearthed④.Today it is an international tourist destination. 　 [1]when引导定语从句，修饰the year 79。 [2]as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照/像原貌”。 Pompeii was a typical Roman city.In its little shops，its tiny palaces，its forum，its wine bars，its theatre—in the energy and skill of its people，you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas，along with golden pleasure boats⑤ for the rich⑥，were crowded together in the glassy water of the port.The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions⑦.Above all，the cloud-capped⑧ top of Mount Vesuvius appeared.Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light⑨，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come⑩[3]! [3]what引导宾语从句，作have warned的宾语。 The awful night rolled slowly away，and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable⑪ fear，a huge cloud shooting⑫ from the top of the volcano.It took the form of⑬ a huge tree：the trunk，blackness，the branches，fire！This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment：now it was wildly bright，now of a pale and dying red⑭，and now again it burnt with an unbearable light⑮！ The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other，but were silent.At that moment，they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet；beyond in the distance，they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later，the mountain-cloud⑯ seemed to roll towards them，dark and rapid，like a river；at the same time，it threw out a shower of ashes⑰ and huge pieces of burning stone! Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide—with many a⑱ noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower！[4] [4]本句为完全倒装句。地点、方位状语置于句首时可使用完全倒装句，句子主语是shower。 Each turned to fly⑲—each running，pressing，pushing against the other.If，in the darkness，wife was separated from husband，or parent from child，there was no hope of their meeting again.Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii. Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away⑳ before the city of Pompeii was dug㉑ from its silent resting place㉒.Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.In its forum，the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand.Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii，the remains㉓ of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short[5]. [5]形容词短语bright and short作主语human lives的补语。 庞贝城的末日(节选) 爱德华·布尔沃-利顿(1803－1873)是一位才华横溢的英国作家，他对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘。如今这里已成为国际旅游胜地。 庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺、一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。运载进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将来临！ 可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！ 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水；与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头！可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响。 所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。 时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$