10 UNIT 2 Natural disasters Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 injury n.　 伤害 injured adj.　 受伤的 the injured　 伤员 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The broken glass on the floor has injured (injure) several people in this building before. ②After the earthquake，rescue teams rushed to the scene where the injured were (be) waiting for help. ③The athlete's few injuries (injure) prevented him from competing in the championship. ④这场车祸使几个人受伤，需要医疗照顾。 The car accident left several people injured and in need of medical attention. [名师点津]　injury，wound，hurt和harm易混辨析 injury (事故等对躯体的)伤害，损伤 He escaped from the train wreck without injury. 他在这次火车事故中安然逃脱，没有受伤。 wound (身体上的)伤，伤口(尤指战场上的刀枪之伤) The soldier received a wound in the leg. 这名士兵腿部受伤了。 hurt (情感上的)伤害，痛苦 There was hurt and real anger in her voice. 从她的声音可以听出来，她很受伤，而且真的很生气。 harm 伤害；损害 He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm. 他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。 2．reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 in reaction to　 作为对……的反应；针对 react vi.　 (作出)反应 reactive adj.　 有反应的；回应的 react to　 对……作出反应 react with...　 与……发生化学反应 react against...　 反对/反抗…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①How did your parents react to the accident? ②She was slowly reacting(react) to the unexpected news，trying to stay calm. ③He reacted(react) quickly to the emergency situation and showed his ability to think on his feet. ④为应对这次经济危机，大多数雇主都在计划减薪。 The majority of employers are planning to cut down on wages in reaction to/to react to the economic crisis. 3．signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 signal to sb.for sth.　 示意某人某事 signal (to) sb.to do sth.　 示意某人做某事 signal that...　 示意……；表示…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She stood up and signalled(signal) to the children to come inside. ②The police officer signalled us to pull (pull) over to the side of the road by flashing the police car's lights. ③In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a signal for everyone to stand up. ④黑暗的云彩表明一场暴风雨正在接近。 The dark clouds signalled that a storm was approaching. [名师点津]　signal，sign，symbol 和 mark易混辨析 signal作名词时意为“信号”，指为某一目的而有意发出的信号、暗号；也用作动词，意为“发出信号”。 At an agreed signal they left the room. 收到约定的信号后，他们离开了房间。 sign作名词时意为“记号；标牌”，指人们公认的事物的记号、标志，也可指某事正在发生或某事属实或存在的迹象；作动词时意为“做标记；签署”。 The sign outside the restaurant advertised today's specials in bold letters. 餐厅外的标牌用粗体字广告展示了今天的特色菜。 symbol名词，意为“象征；符号”，指有象征意义的或表达某种深邃含义的特殊事物。 The dove is often seen as a symbol of peace and hope in many cultures. 在许多文化中，鸽子经常被视为和平和希望的象征。 mark作名词时意为“标识；标记”，既可指为了便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征；作动词时意为“做记号，标识”。 The teacher put a gold star as a mark of excellence on the student's homework.老师在这个学生的家庭作业上标了一个金星，作为优秀的标志。 4．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 confirm sb.as...　 确认某人担任…… confirm that...　 证实…… confirm sb.in sth.　 使某人确信某事 It has been confirmed that...　 已确认…… confirmation n.　 证实；确认书 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His new role could confirm him as one of the leading actors. ②She nodded her head，confirming(confirm) that she would be attending the meeting. ③The doctor's office called to provide confirmation(confirm) of my upcoming appointment. ④我们现在可以保证你们所有人在这里的旅行非常快乐。 We can now confirm that all of you will have much fun as tourists here. 5．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于(不用于被动语态) occur to sb.　 (某物某事)被想到；被想起； (主意或想法突然)浮现在脑中 It occurs/occurred to sb.＋that...　 某人(突然)想起…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The accident occurred (occur) last week on the highway. ②I noticed a strange sound occurring/occur (occur) in my car while driving. ③The idea of starting his own business had occurred to him many times. ④他从没想到有一天他能成为他班里的优等生。 Not once did it occur to him that he could one day become a top student in his class. 6．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 much to one's relief/to one's great relief 　 使某人大为宽慰的是 with relief　 欣慰地 It is/was a relief to do sth.　 做某事是一种宽慰。 relieve　 vt.　 减轻；缓和(不快或痛苦) relieved adj.　 感到宽慰的 relieve sb.of sth.　 帮助某人减轻(负担) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Hearing that he had passed the exam，he sighed with relief. ②To our great relief，the accident caused little damage. ③I felt relieved(relieve) to hear that my friend arrived home safely after his long journey. ④能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。 It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 7．inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 inform sb.of/about sth.　 通知某人某事 inform sb.that...　 通知某人…… informed adj.　 见多识广的；消息灵通的 keep sb.informed of sth.　 随时让某人了解某事 information n.[U]　 信息 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Bees fly in circles to inform their partners of food or danger. ②It's important to stay informed(inform) about global events through reliable news sources. ③I need more information(inform)about the job before I can decide whether to apply or not. ④他刚刚通知我们会议改到下星期了。 He has just informed us that the meeting has been rescheduled to next week. 1．be doing...when...正在做……这时…… (教材P16)Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课，突然地板开始摇晃起来。 when 在此句型中可翻译为“这时(突然)”。when作此意讲时，还常用于以下句式： (1)Sb.was about to do/on the point of doing sth.when...某人正要做某事，这时…… (2)Sb.had just/hardly/scarcely done sth.when... 某人刚刚做完某事，这时…… [即学即练]——完成句子 ①他刚去睡觉，电话铃就响了。 He had just gone to sleep when the phone rang. ②她正要咬一口三明治，这时她注意到三明治里有一根细发。 She was about to take a bite of her sandwich when she noticed a thin hair in it. ③他刚一出门就下起了倾盆大雨，于是他赶紧跑回屋里。 He had hardly stepped outside when it started pouring with rain，so he quickly ran back inside. 2．the moment...一……就…… (教材P16)The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 震动一停止，布朗女士就感觉到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。 the moment在本句中表示“一……就……”，用于连接从句，含义类似于as soon as。 其他类似用法还有： ...the minute...；...the second...；...the instant... [即学即练]——完成句子 ①太阳落山的那一刻，城市因灯火和音乐而活跃起来。 The moment/second/minute/instant the sunsets，the city comes alive with lights and music. ②一听到消息，他知道他必须采取行动。 The second/minute/instant/moment he heard the news，he knew he had to take action. ③我们一到达机场，就听到我们的航班延误了。 The moment/instant/minute/second we arrived at the airport，our flight was announced to be delayed. Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．I need to confirm(confirm) the meeting time with my boss. 2．The earthquake occurred(occur) late at night，causing panic. 3．She was informed(inform) about the change in their schedule at the last minute. 4．The traffic signals (signal) were not working right this morning. 5．We were able to watch the books rolling (roll) off the presses. 6．He sighed with relief after finishing his final exam. 7．The tornado left behind a path of destructive(destroy) damage. 8．He crashed (crash) into the other young man and they both landed on the ground. Ⅱ．完成句子 1．我一走到外面，感受到阳光洒在脸上的温暖，我便知道今天会是个美好的一天。(人物场景描写；动词-ing形式作状语) The moment I stepped outside，feeling the warm sunlight on my face，I knew it was going to be a beautiful day. 2．当我在看电影的时候，突然想起家里的烤箱忘记关了。(be doing...when；occur) I was watching a movie when it occurred to me that I had left the oven on at home. 3．我准备了些零食，以防我在旅途中肚子饿了。(in case) I packed some snacks in case I get hungry during the trip． 4．我们的邻居，一位退休教师，喜欢在业余时间做园艺。(同位语) Our neighbor，a retired teacher，enjoys gardening in her spare time. Ⅲ．课文语法填空 On 17 March，an earthquake hit the county Falmont，1．causing(cause) 7 deaths and more than 200 injuries.However，at Falmont Primary School，only 5 of the 476 students suffered slight injuries，2．which was surely a success. The head teacher Alice Brown 3．was teaching(teach) when the floor began to shake.Her students reacted quickly，moving under their desks and holding on to the legs of the desks.Meanwhile，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became 4．damaged (damage) and could not open.5．With the loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，the students remained still and waited calmly.6．Immediately(immediate) the shaking stopped，Miss Brown，sensing it was the best time to make the escape，signalled to the students to exit the classroom in an orderly line with their hands covering their heads.In less than two minutes，the whole class made 7．their (they) escape to the playground.“We practise earthquake 8．safety (safe) procedures twice a year，”said Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough 9．to protect (protect) themselves during the earthquake.” It was thanks to the necessary safety education that the pupils' lives 10．were spared(spare). 课时分层作业(四) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．We will attend a conference(会议) to learn new things next week. 2．The non-profit organization provides relief (救济)to people affected by disasters. 3．The doctor will explain the procedure (程序)before surgery tomorrow. 4．Please use the exit (出口，通道) door in case of an emergency. 5．Look out for the signal (信号灯) to know when it's safe to cross the street. 6．The loud noise was a result of the car crash (碰撞)on the highway. 7．The government is helping families affected by the natural disaster (灾害). 8．His quick reaction (反应) saved him from getting hit by the ball. Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．He hurt his back on the play，an injury (injure) that he said wasn't serious. 2．To write a good essay you must first organize your ideas in an orderly (order) way. 3．Destructive (destroy) tornadoes and storms tore through the South in late April，killing hundreds of people. 4．Nancy's first reaction(react) to the news was a strange mixture of joy and anger. 5．You'd better keep us informed(inform) of your arrangement about our stay and how we can get to the hotel. 6．To our great relief，Jack's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared. 7．So far it has been confirmed (confirm) that 3 people are dead and dozens of people injured in the accident. 8．Tony was awarded a medal for rescuing(rescue) several families from the forest fire. Ⅲ．阅读理解 A Jason and his father were going to the grocery store by car to pick up some apples.It has been an unusual day.The sky was dark but there were few clouds.As they drove up the street，there started to be a strange sound heard across the ground. Jason's father immediately realized that a tornado (龙卷风) was coming.He stopped the car and told Jason to get out of the car and made their way to the closest building.By this time the wind was blowing harder，and it was hard to see or hear.Debris (残骸) was falling all over the place.Jason couldn't see his dad anymore.He also realized that he wasn't getting to the building fast enough.He was afraid that he would be picked up by the wind and thrown into the air. As he made his way towards the building，he noticed a field to his right.He could see an irrigation ditch (灌溉渠).In a panic，he climbed to the ditch and lay flat on the ground.More debris and objects flew overhead. His heart was beating hard，and he was nervous.He had never been in a tornado before.After a while，the winds died down and the loud sound was gone.Jason slowly lifted his head and nervously looked around.What he saw was a great mess.Jason could hardly recognize the buildings in front of him because of all the damage. He stood up and with shaky legs walked to the building.Once there，he pushed the door open and went inside.It was a public building owned by the city.It was empty，but Jason could hear noises further inside.He walked into the large room and saw his dad.He ran across the room and gave him a big hug. “Jason! How are you? I've been worried about you！” said his father.“I couldn't find you anywhere！” Jason breathed a sigh of relief and sat down.He did have a story to tell! 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了杰森和爸爸平安地躲过一场龙卷风的故事。 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．It tells the main idea of the story. B．It presents the author's viewpoint. C．It offers the background of the story. D．It indicates bad moods of the main characters. C　[推理判断题。根据第一段“Jason and his father were going to the grocery store by car to pick up some apples.It has been an unusual day.The sky was dark but there were few clouds.As they drove up the street，there started to be a strange sound heard across the ground.”可知，本段主要介绍了故事发生的背景。故选C。] 2．Which of the following can best show the tornado was powerful? A．Jason tried to see and hear his father. B．The sky was dark but there were few clouds. C．Looking around，Jason found everything in a mess. D．Jason made his way to the closest building in the end. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“By this time the wind was blowing harder，and it was hard to see or hear.Debris was falling all over the place.Jason couldn't see his dad anymore.”、第三段中“More debris and objects flew overhead.”以及第四段中“What he saw was a great mess.”可知，这些细节都说明了龙卷风的强大威力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。] 3．What story might Jason tell to his father? A．It was a narrow escape. B．It was an exciting adventure. C．It was a rewarding experience. D．It was an unforgettable lesson. A　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了杰森和爸爸躲过一场突然而至的龙卷风的故事，杰森通过自我保护，在一处灌溉渠里，他平躺在地上躲过了灾难；与此同时，父亲在一所损毁的公共建筑里躲过了龙卷风。经过寻找，杰森最终和父亲团聚。根据最后一段中“He did have a story to tell！”可推知，这里杰森要讲给父亲的故事应是他如何在龙卷风中死里逃生。故选A。] B Hurricane Fiona，killing 16 people and bringing the power system to a 3-day stop，struck Puerto Rico，an island country located between Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean，on September 18，almost five years after Hurricane Maria hit the island，showing that，as researchers have long warned，storms are now more frequent and cause more damage due to climate change. Back in 2017，Hurricane Maria killed thousands of people and left millions without power for a week.A study in 2019 found that the possibility of terrible events like Hurricane Maria hitting Puerto Rico is now almost five times higher due to climate change. The storms were similar in many ways but had their own features.Maria was a Category (类别) 4 hurricane whose speed was up to 155 mph，while Fiona，a Category 1 storm when it landed Puerto Rico，was gentler，with winds of up to 85 mph，which later increased to 115 mph as the storm progressed through the island. And yet，the heavy rain caused by Fiona brought Puerto Rico to its knees.According to the data by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，the slow moving storm brought 15.80 inches of rain over a 5-day period，slightly more than Maria at 14.72 inches. This confirms another long-held thought that，with climate change，horrible storms will not only become more common but also wetter.That's because the increase in temperatures is leading to more loss of water from the sea and warmer air can hold more water vapor (水蒸气).The average temperature all over the world has already increased by nearly 1.2℃ due to climate change and for each 1℃ of warming，the air's ability to hold water is thought to increase by about 7%.The latest research suggests that the increase may be three times higher，at 21%. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章对波多黎各9月18日遭受飓风Fiona袭击做了报道。 4．What was a direct cause of more storms in Puerto Rico? A．Loss of forests. B．Climate change. C．Human activity. D．Puerto Rico's location. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Hurricane Fiona，killing 16 people and bringing the power system to a 3-day stop，struck Puerto Rico，an island country located between Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean，on September 18，almost five years after Hurricane Maria hit the island，showing that，as researchers have long warned，storms are now more frequent and cause more damage due to climate change.(9月18日，飓风Fiona袭击了位于加勒比海和北大西洋之间的岛国波多黎各，造成16人死亡，电力系统中断3天，正如研究人员长期警告的那样，由于气候变化，风暴现在更加频繁，造成的破坏也更大)”可知，波多黎各风暴增多的直接原因是气候变化。故选B项。] 5．Compared with Maria，what's the feature of Fiona progressing through Puerto Rico? A．It brought less rain. B．It brought more deaths. C．It moved a bit slower. D．It caused a longer power cut. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Maria was a Category 4 hurricane whose speed was up to 155 mph，while Fiona，a Category 1 storm when it landed Puerto Rico，was gentler，with winds of up to 85 mph，which later increased to 115 mph as the storm progressed through the island.(飓风Maria是4级飓风，风速高达155英里/小时，而飓风Fiona在登陆波多黎各时是1级飓风，风速较温和，最高为85英里/小时，后来随着风暴在波多黎各的推进，风速增加到115英里/小时)”可知，与Maria相比，Fiona在波多黎各的移动慢一点。故选C项。] 6．What do the figures in the last paragraph show? A．Slower storms cause more damage. B．Storms are common in Puerto Rico. C．Puerto Rico is a place raining all the time. D．Rainfall increases with temperature rising. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That's because the increase in temperatures is leading to more loss of water from the sea and warmer air can hold more water vapor.The average temperature all over the world has already increased by nearly 1.2℃ due to climate change and for each 1℃ of warming，the air's ability to hold water is thought to increase by about 7%.The latest research suggests that the increase may be three times higher，at 21%.(这是因为气温升高导致海洋中更多的水分流失，而温暖的空气可以容纳更多的水蒸气。由于气候变化，全球平均气温已经上升了近1.2 ℃，气温每升高1 ℃，空气的保水能力就会增加约7%。最新的研究表明，这一增幅可能会高出三倍，达到21%)”可推知，最后一段的数字说明了降雨量随气温升高而增加。故选D项。] 7．What's the best title for the text? A．Puerto Rico：Frequent Floods B．Puerto Rico：Survival of People C．Climate Change：Wetter Puerto Rico D．Climate Change：Disasters to Puerto Rico D　[标题归纳题。通读全文，根据第一段“Hurricane Fiona，killing 16 people and bringing the power system to a 3-day stop，struck Puerto Rico，an island country located between Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean，on September 18，almost five years after Hurricane Maria hit the island，showing that，as researchers have long warned，storms are now more frequent and cause more damage due to climate change.(9月18日，飓风Fiona袭击了位于加勒比海和北大西洋之间的岛国波多黎各，造成16人死亡，电力系统中断3天，正如研究人员长期警告的那样，由于气候变化，风暴现在更加频繁，造成的破坏也更大)”及最后一段中“This confirms another long-held thought that，with climate change，horrible storms will not only become more common but also wetter.(这证实了另一个长期以来的观点，即随着气候变化，可怕的风暴不仅会变得更常见，而且会更潮湿)”可知，本文主要讲了气候变化给波多黎各带来了灾难。由此可知，“气候变化：波多黎各的灾难”适合作为本文最佳标题。故选D项。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 Floods are one of the most common disasters.Some floods develop slowly.But flash floods can develop quickly，sometimes in just a few minutes and without any signs of rain.　1　 It carries rocks and mud and can sweep away most things in its path. ●If a flood is likely to happen in your area，you should： Listen to the radio or the television for information.If there is any possibility of a flash flood，move at once to higher ground.　2　 ●If you have time to prepare，you should： Make your home safe by bringing in outdoor furniture.　3　 Do not touch any electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water. ●If you have to leave your home right away，remember these tips： Do not walk through moving water.　4　 If you have to walk in water，walk where the water is not moving.Use a stick to check the ground in front of you. 　5　 If floodwaters rise around your car，give up the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely.Otherwise you and the car can be quickly swept away. A．Do not drive into flooded areas. B．Do not wait for instructions to move. C．Turn off all pieces of electrical equipment. D．20 cm of moving water can make you fall. E．Floods can cause deaths and loss of property. F．A flash flood often has a dangerous wall of water. G．Mud from floodwaters may contain chemicals. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洪水到来时应该采取的一些措施。 1．F　[根据空前“But flash floods can develop quickly，sometimes in just a few minutes and without any signs of rain.(但是山洪暴发迅速，有时只需要几分钟，而且没有任何下雨的迹象)”可知，山洪暴发的速度很快，根据空后“It carries rocks and mud and can sweep away most things in its path.(它携带着岩石和泥土，可以卷走途经的大部分东西)”可知，此处具体介绍了山洪的破坏性很强，空处承上启下，所以空处应该指出山洪的威力，F选项“A flash flood often has a dangerous wall of water.(山洪暴发往往会形成一堵危险的水墙)”符合语境，而且空后的“It”指代的是F项中的“a dangerous wall of water”。故选F项。] 2．B　[根据空前“Listen to the radio or the television for information.If there is any possibility of a flash flood，move at once to higher ground.(听收音机或电视获取信息。如果有山洪暴发的可能，立即转移到地势较高的地方)”可知，一旦从媒体中获取有山洪暴发的信息就要立刻转移到安全地带，而不应被动等待行动指示。空处位于段末，应对前文进行总结，所以空处应该讲的是从媒体中获取山洪暴发的信息后应该怎么做，B选项“Do not wait for instructions to move.(不要等待行动指示)”指出有山洪暴发的可能时不应等待行动指示，符合语境。故选B项。] 3．C　[根据空前“Make your home safe by bringing in outdoor furniture.(带些户外家具，让你的家更安全)”可知，带些户外家具会更安全，根据空后“Do not touch any electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.(如果你身上是湿的或正站在水里，不要触摸任何电器)”可知，为了安全，不要在身上有水或站在水里时触摸电器。空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲如何做会更安全，即关掉所有电器，避免触电的危险，C选项“Turn off all pieces of electrical equipment.(关掉所有的电器)”符合语境。故选C项。] 4．D　[根据空前“Do not walk through moving water.(不要在流动的水中行走) ”可知，山洪暴发时要避免在流水中行走，根据空后“If you have to walk in water，walk where the water is not moving.Use a stick to check the ground in front of you.(如果你一定要在水里走，那就走在水不动的地方。用棍子检查你前面的地面)”可知，如果一定要在水中行走就选择在静水中行走。空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是不要在流水中行走的原因，D选项“20 cm of moving water can make you fall.(20厘米深的流水会把你冲倒)”解释不要在流水中行走的原因，符合语境。故选D项。] 5．A　[根据空后“If floodwaters rise around your car，give up the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely.Otherwise you and the car can be quickly swept away.(如果洪水在你的汽车周围上涨，放弃汽车，如果安全的话转移到更高的地方。否则你和车很快就会被冲走)”可知，开车时如果车周围的洪水一直上涨，就放弃汽车并转移到更高更安全的地方。空处位于句首，应对下文进行概括，所以空处应该讲的是为了安全，开车时要远离洪水区，A选项“Do not drive into flooded areas.(不要开车去洪水区)”指出山洪暴发时如果开车应该怎么做，符合语境。故选A项。] 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$