03 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害 (1)do sb.harm＝do harm to sb.　 对某人有害 mean no harm　 无恶意 there is no harm in doing sth.　 做某事没有坏处 (2)harmful adj.　 有害的 harmless adj.　 无害的 be harmful to＝do harm to　 对……有害 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Everyone knows smoking is harmful (harm) to their health，but many of them can't keep themselves away from it. ②Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up the weakening of the human body. ③It is absolutely harmless (harm) to our bodies if applied properly. ④这件物品释放有害的气体，这些气体可能对我们的健康有害。 This object gives off harmful gases，which may do harm to our health． 2．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 in length　 在长度上 at length　 详尽地；最后 go to great lengths　 竭尽全力 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We have already discussed this plan at length，so next we should spare no effort to carry it out. ②All the videos for the students' self-study must be under 5 minutes in length. ③The area can be easily worked out if you know the length (long) and width. ④那个人竭力想证明那些钻石是真货。 The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real. 3．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 (1)a great/wide/large variety of　 各种各样的 varieties of　 种类繁多的 (2)vary vi.　 变化 　 各种各样的 vary from...to...　 从……到……变化 vary with　 随着……变化 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The wetlands are home to a wide variety of wildlife，so we must make an effort to protect them. ②When preparing meals，we need to think about variety (various) and taste as well as nutritional value. ③Many visitors，whose ages vary (variety) from 1 to 60，go to the park to have fun. ④新公园里有各种各样的鲜花，提供各种各样可以玩的东西。 The new park，where there are various fresh flowers，offers a variety of/varieties of things to play with. 4．survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难 (1)survive on　 依靠……维持生活 survive sb.by...　 比某人多活 (2)survival n.　 生存，幸存，存活 survivor n.　 幸存者 the survival of the fittest　 适者生存 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive (survive) is to live in harmony with nature. ②Mr Green was one of the survivors (survivor) in the earthquake. ③My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa by five years. ④靠那么少的月薪，全家人怎么生活？ How dose the family survive on such a small monthly wage? 5．in turn 相应地，转而；轮流，依次 by turns　 轮流，依次 in one's turn　 轮到某人时 take turns doing/to do sth.　 轮流做某事 it's one's turn to do sth.　 轮到某人做某事 in return　 作为回报 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. ②There were cheers for each of the kids as they performed by turns. ③We usually take turns to clean the room，and today it is my turn to clean (clean) it. ④不要害怕困难。它们可以帮助你积累经验，而经验转而又可以开阔你的视野。 Don't be afraid of difficulties.They can help you build up experience，and experience can，in turn，broaden your horizons． 6．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 该词组其他常见意义：(机器或车辆)坏掉，出故障；(谈判或协议等)失败；精神崩溃，身体垮掉；消除，驱除 [即学即练]——写出下列黑体词组的汉语意思/补全句子 ①With so much work filling my mind，my health almost breaks down． 身体垮掉 ②What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes. 分解 ③The machine broke down yesterday，but it has been fixed by now. 出故障 ④She hopes to build bridges and break down misunderstandings(消除误解)between different cultures. 7．due to 由于，因为 be due　 到期 be due to do　 预期做某事 be due to sb.　 应支付/应给予某人 [即学即练]——补全句子/完成句子 ①Have you paid the money that is due to them(应支付给他们)? ②Please make sure you return the book before it's due(到期前). ③He is making preparations for the English speaking contest which is due to take place(预期举行) next week. ④由于缺乏政府资金，这个项目不得不放弃。 The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding. 8．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 do/cause damage to　 对……造成损害 badly/seriously damage　 严重损害 slightly damage　 轻微损害 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①It wasn't a serious accident.That car was only slightly damaged (damage). ②It is clear that human beings have done great damage to the environment over the years. ③It is not possible to replace this piece of equipment without damaging (damage) it. ④He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage (遭受严重脑损伤). 9．build up逐渐增加，扩大；创建 build up one's confidence　 增强自信 build up one's own business　 创业 build sb.up　 增强某人的体质 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I am very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building (build) up. ②He has built (build) up a very successful business in the past few years. ③运动不仅能强身健体，还能使我们放松，精神焕发。 Not only does exercise build us up，but also it makes us relaxed and refreshed. 1．倍数表达法 (教材P2)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。 倍数表达常用结构： A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/height)＋of＋B A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than B A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 [即学即练]——一句多译 新扩建的图书馆是原来的三倍大。 a．The newly-broadened library is three times larger than the previous one.(比较级＋than) b．The newly-broadened library is three times as large as the previous one.(as...as) c．The newly-broadened library is three times the size of the previous one.(the ＋名词) d．The size of the newly-broadened library is three times what the previous one was．(what从句) 2．介词结构用于句首引起完全倒装 (教材P3)Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。 (1)本句中将表示地点的介词短语Above that放在句首，引起完全倒装。 (2)完全倒装的其他情况： ①当副词here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，away等置于句首，谓语动词是come，go，run，rush，fly等，且主语是名词时。这种情况常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 ②there be/lie/stand/appear/remain...结构。 ③形容词或动词-ing或动词-ed形式提到句首。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies (lie) Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China. ②Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school! Attending (attend) the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. ③Adding to their happiness，he says，are (be) some similarities between the two test papers. ④沿河有许多迷人的景点，都充满了传奇色彩。 Along the river are many attractive scenic spots，all of which are heavy with legends. Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．The living (live) are more important to us than the dead. 2．The school provides students with a variety (various) of facilities. 3．Still，most of us volunteers breathe (breath) a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 4．He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air conditioning broke (break) down. 5．There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful (harm) gases，such as carbon dioxide. 6．Many species are in extinction (extinct) because of our destruction of their habitats. 7．It is estimated that 10，000 dollars had been spent on agricultural (agriculture) research. 8．There is no proof that the disappearance (disappear) of bees has a close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones. Ⅱ．完成句子 1．我们必须面对大量的困难并忍受它们。(a huge sea of) We must face a huge sea of troubles and bear them. 2．难怪人们说奥地利永远充满音乐之声。(alive with) No wonder people say Austria is always alive with the sound of music. 3．它们有时会发生故障，你不得不花时间来进行修理。(break down) They can sometimes break down and you have to spend time mending them. 4．它确实指出，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心屏幕时间增加。(due to) It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns about increased screen time． 5．我们老师在课堂上讲幽默的话，给我们的课堂注入了活力。(bring life into) Our teacher makes humorous remarks in class，which brings life into our class． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest plays an 1．absolutely(absolute) significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. One in ten known species in the world can 2．be found (find) here.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.At the bottom，there is a system of roots beneath the ground.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.The next level is made up 3．of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the 4．towering (tower) ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Many species of birds and mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.For example，while 5．a sea of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain.They feed on at least 87 species，including frogs.These frogs，in turn，feed on insects 6．which/that eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies，microorganisms help break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us.Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest 7．has disappeared (disappear) due to human activities.As the impact of human activities continues to grow 8．and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes 9．longer (long)，we are left with a question：can we afford 10．to damage(damage) the “lungs of the planet”？ 课时分层作业(一) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．We had better not eat too much fried food as it may do harm(损害) to our health. 2．The waste water has been found to cause serious environmental damage(破坏). 3．It's widely noted that a lot of traditional customs are disappearing(消失) along with the development of society. 4．With the development of modern agriculture(农业) and industry，large quantities of waste are created every day. 5．Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived (幸存) in the plane crash last week. 6．Even if you live a green lifestyle at home，it's possible to ignore the impact (影响) your travels could have on the environment. 7．After a week at sea，it was good to feel the earth beneath (在……下面) our feet again. 8．It is normal to spend two or three years working in this country before being posted overseas (向国外). 9．My eyes popped at the sight of the rich variety (不同种类) of food on show. 10．You have to collect a mass (大量) of evidence before taking him to court. Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．If cancers are spotted early，there's a high chance of survival (survive). 2．His film，over two hours in length (long)，is a fine study of family life. 3．The drug is not harmful (harm)，but is dangerous when taken with alcohol. 4．Already over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction (extinct)，with only a few elderly speakers. 5．People prefer to shop online，where there are various (variety) goods to choose from. Ⅲ．阅读理解 A Every year from May to July，tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes from regions in Qinghai，the Tibet autonomous region，and the Xinjiang autonomous region make their way to the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve in Qinghai to give birth.The mothers and newborn Tibetan antelopes make the return trip around August. This journey is rather tough.More than 90 percent of the female animals give birth every year，but only about 30 percent of the newborns survive.Many of them die on the return journey，unable to fight the predators(捕食性动物) and diseases.The government has taken some high-tech methods to assist in the safe return of newborn antelopes and protect the species. In 2013，with the help of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System，researchers discovered and confirmed the largest Tibetan antelope “birth room” on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，and they mapped the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes.Since late 2018，a solar-powered drone has been used to monitor the migration herds.“The solar-powered drone has a long flying time with high-resolution cameras，which gives us a new understanding of many specific routes during the migration of Tibetan antelopes，” said Wu Xiaomin，an expert from the Shaanxi Institute of Zoology.“For example，the nomads(牧民) put fences on the grassland to protect the grass，but sometimes these hinder the normal activity of the Tibetan antelopes.” To clear the way for the Tibetan antelopes，the government of the Tibet has taken action in recent years to give more protected space to wildlife.They relocate nomads from places at altitudes above 4，800 meters to other places in the region. Known as “plateau elves”，Tibetan antelopes have adapted to the unique and severe natural conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.According to Wu，the Tibetan antelope is recognized as an important indicator species of the natural ecosystem. The population of Tibetan antelopes has grown.“With a recorded low population of fewer than 20，000 in Qinghai，the number has now reached over 70，000，” said former Qinghai governor Xin Changxing at an event to mark World Environment Day. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。藏羚羊作为自然生态系统的重要指示物种，为了保护藏羚羊，政府近些年来实施了保护行动，为这些动物提供了更多的保护空间。 1．What can we learn about Tibetan antelopes? A．They travel to Hoh Xil to find partners. B．Only 30 percent of them give birth every year. C．Their yearly trip to Hoh Xil Nature Reserve takes about one month. D．The newborns are threatened by diseases and predators. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many of them die on the return journey，unable to fight the predators and diseases.(它们中的许多在返程途中死亡，无法抵御掠食者和疾病)”可知，新生藏羚羊会受到掠食者和疾病的威胁。故选D。] 2．What is the solar-powered drone mainly used for? A．Locating the Tibetan antelope “birth room”． B．Recording Tibetan antelopes' daily activities. C．Watching over the migrating Tibetan antelopes. D．Mapping the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since late 2018，a solar-powered drone has been used to monitor the migration herds.(自2018年年底以来，一架太阳能无人机已被用于监测迁徙群)”可知，太阳能无人机主要是被用来监测迁徙的藏羚羊群。故选C。] 3．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Pay attention to. B．Cause trouble for. C．Take control of. D．Play an important role in. B　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中最后一句“For example，the nomads put fences on the grassland to protect the grass，but sometimes these hinder the normal activity of the Tibetan antelopes.(例如，游牧民族在草原上设置栅栏来保护草地，但有时这些栅栏会hinder藏羚羊的正常活动)”和第四段第一句“To clear the way for the Tibetan antelopes，the government of the Tibet has taken action in recent years to give more protected space to wildlife.(为了给藏羚羊扫清道路，西藏政府近年来采取行动，给野生动物更多的保护空间)”，结合此处的“clear the way for the Tibetan antelopes”可知，牧民设置的保护草地的栅栏成为藏羚羊正常活动的障碍，所以政府采取行动来给藏羚羊扫清道路上的障碍。所以画线词指“妨碍，阻碍”。故选B。] B Lagos，a big city in Nigeria，has a population of 20 million，and they can produce between 13，000 and 15，000 tonnes of waste every day including 2，250 tonnes of plastic. Despite a lot of cleaning，Lagos has no proper system to dispose of rubbish，and not having public awareness of pollution brings a huge environmental challenge.Litter gets washed away by the rains and waterways and ends up in mountains of rubbish on the beaches.Lighthouse Beach is one of the beaches.It stretches for about 100 kilometers along the Atlantic，all the way to neighboring Benin.Lined with palm trees，the beach could be beautiful if it weren't for all the pollution. “It is time that we should raise awareness of keeping the environment clean and clean up all the plastic，” says Chioma Chukwura，who helped pick up rubbish on Lighthouse Beach.At the end of a tiring day，230 large bin bags were put together on the hot sand，filled with dirty plastic. “Although the job is challenging，a company will come and pick them up tomorrow.All the plastic here will get reused.Sold for $500 a tonne，the plastic could bring $250 million to Lagos each year，and a cleaner environment could promote the development of the city，” says Owoade Yussuf，organiser of the cleanup. As the volunteers leave at the end of the day，just 100 meters is clean.“There is still a lot to do.Maybe we need two months，continuously，to get this cleaned up，” says another volunteer.“We have to find a way to prevent the plastic from coming back.After we've finished，I'm sure we may still see litter here when we come back.” On Lighthouse Beach，the problem isn't just plastic.Destroyed ships also pollute the beach.With that kind of pollution，even an army of volunteers may struggle.However，with more help，they can still make a difference. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。尼日利亚拉各斯的灯塔海滩上每年都会堆积很多塑料垃圾。文章对志愿者们开始采取行动来清理这些垃圾进行了报道。 4．How does the author show the problem of rubbish in Lagos in paragraph 1? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By making comparisons. A　[推理判断题。 根据第一段“Lagos，a big city in Nigeria，has a population of 20 million，and they can produce between 13，000 and 15，000 tonnes of waste every day including 2，250 tonnes of plastic.(拉各斯是尼日利亚的一个大城市，拥有2 000万人口，每天产生1.3万至1.5万吨垃圾，其中包括2 250吨塑料)”可知，作者通过列举数据来呈现拉各斯垃圾污染的严重性。故选A。] 5．What does the underlined phrase “dispose of” mean in paragraph 2? A．Pick out.　　　　 B．Deal with. C．Bring about. 　 D．Adapt to. B　[词义猜测题。根据下文“Litter gets washed away by the rains and waterways and ends up in mountains of rubbish on the beaches.(垃圾被雨水和水道冲走，最终在海滩上堆积成山)”可知，垃圾未能得到恰当的处理，结合画线词所在句“Lagos has no proper system to dispose of rubbish (拉各斯没有适当的系统dispose of 垃圾)”可推知，拉各斯并没有适当的系统来处理垃圾，所以画线短语dispose of的意思是“处理”，与deal with同义。故选B。] 6．Which of the following is the common idea of the three volunteers? A．There is no need to recycle the beach litter. B．It is tough to clean all the plastic on the beach. C．It is necessary to sell the beach litter for money. D．There is no fund to remove all the beach plastic. B　[细节理解题。根据第三、四、五段三名志愿者说的话可知，他们都认为清理灯塔海滩上所有的塑料垃圾很困难。故选B。] 7．What can be the best title for the text? A．Destroyed Lighthouse Beach in Lagos B．Plastic Pollution is a Worldwide Problem C．Lagos Faces Many Environmental Challenges D．Clean-up Efforts on Lagos' Lighthouse Beach D　[标题归纳题。 通读全文可知，尼日利亚拉各斯的灯塔海滩上每年都会堆积很多塑料垃圾，志愿者们开始采取行动来清理这些垃圾。所以D选项“拉各斯灯塔海滩的清理工作”符合文章主旨。故选D。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 UN Report Warns Nature Crisis A new UN report focuses on the negative effects of human activity on nature.It says one million plant and animal species on land，in the seas and in the sky are now in danger of extinction. The 1，800-page report took three years to finish.　1　 The Earth has always suffered from human activity，it says.However，these scratches (划伤) have become deep scars (伤疤) over the past 50 years.Species are going to extinct several hundred times faster than the average rate during the past ten million years.It's something that has never happened before in human history. 　2　 Since 1970，the human population has doubled.The global economy has grown by four times.To feed，clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world，lots of forests have been cut down.　3　 Furthermore，hunting，overfishing and pollution have also been killing species in great numbers. The problem can be fixed，the report says.　4　 The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly.The report suggests governments move away from using GDP as a key measure of development.Long-term effects must be considered，too. Professor Eduardo Brondizio of Indiana University is an author of the report.He says，“We all know what needs to be done.The knowledge is there.　5　” A．However，this requires many changes. B．Over 120 wildlife species are facing extinction. C．Only experts know how to address the problem. D．The report listed several causes for the situation. E．There just needs to be a greater will to take action. F．It draws on the work of 450 scientists from dozens of countries. G．Between 1980 and 2000，one million square kilometers of tropical (热带的) forest were lost. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一份新的聚焦于人类活动对自然的负面影响的联合国报告：海陆空的100万种动植物因为人类活动而正面临灭绝的危险。该问题可以解决，但是人类要真正付诸行动。 1．F　[上文“The 1，800-page report took three years to finish.(这份1 800页的报告花了三年时间才完成)”说明联合国报告花费了很长时间，F项中“It”指代上文中的报告，F项“它借鉴了来自数十个国家的450名科学家的成果”进一步说明这份报告借鉴了很多人的工作成果，承接上文，符合语境。故选F。] 2．D　[下文“Since 1970，the human population has doubled.The global economy has grown by four times.To feed，clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world，lots of forests have been cut down.(自1970年以来，人口增加了一倍。全球经济增长了四倍。为了给这个快速变化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，许多森林被砍伐了)”说明了造成物种灭绝速度增长的原因，D项“报告列出了造成这种情况的几个原因”引出下文，符合语境。故选D。] 3．G　[上文“To feed，clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world，lots of forests have been cut down.(为了给这个快速变化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，许多森林被砍伐了)”说明许多森林被砍伐，G项“1980年至2000年间，100万平方公里的热带森林消失”说明了森林砍伐的结果，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。] 4．A　[上文“The problem can be fixed，the report says.(报告称，这个问题是可以解决的)”说明这一问题可以解决，下文“The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly.(受保护的陆地和海洋数量需要迅速增加)”说明解决问题需要做出的改变，A项“然而，这需要许多改变”承上启下，符合语境，其中“this”代指上文“The problem can be fixed”。故选A。] 5．E　[上文“We all know what needs to be done.The knowledge is there.(我们都知道需要做什么。大家都知道)”说明大家都知道应该采取什么行动，E项“只需要有更大的意愿来采取行动”说明Eduardo Brondizio希望大家更愿意采取行动，承接上文，符合语境。故选E。] 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$