01 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance Period 1 课时练案 单元词汇表-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 1　 单元词汇表(Wordlist) 1．soil n．土壤；国土，领土，土地 2．region n．地区，区域；行政区 3．continent n．大陆，陆地，洲 4．branch n.(政府或机构) 部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 5．wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物 6．mass n．大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 7．towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 8．protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n．抗议，反对 9．profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 10．impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 11．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 12．climate n．气候；倾向，风气 13．gas n．气体；煤气；汽油 14．drought n．旱灾，久旱 15．application n．应用，运用；申请 16．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 17．process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 18．strategy n．策略，行动计划；策划，部署 19．recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 20．image n．形象；图像；意象 21．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道 22．chief n．首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 23．policy n．政策，方针；原则 24．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 1．The drought(drought) is causing problems for many farmers. 2．As we all know，there are seven continents (continent) on Earth. 3．Different regions (region) of the country have different climates. 4．The speech attracted masses (mass) of people to the event. 5．The storm impacted(impact) the entire city last night. 6．I printed out some images (image) for my project. 7．The students protested (protest) against the school's decision and refused to return to school. 8．The paperwork needs to be processed/processing (process) by tomorrow. 9．The company has strict policies (policy) about being on time at work. 10．Eating unhealthy food can have serious consequences (consequence) for your health. 11．The tree branches (branch) are full of beautiful flowers in spring. 12．We should start recycling/to recycle (recycle) our waste to help the environment. 13．The company is carrying out a few more new marketing strategies (strategy) this year. 14．When I came in，she was tracking (track) her daily exercise routine in a notebook. 15．The car has been seriously damaged (damage) in the accident. 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2．long adj.长的；长时间的→length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 3．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 4．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪 5．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的 6．globe n．地球→global adj.全球的；全面的 7．organize v．组织→organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 8．defend v．防守；防御；辩护→defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 9．economy n．经济；节俭→economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 1．Smoking is harmful (harm) to your health. 2．There are various (vary) types of fruits in the market. 3．Climate change is a global(globe) issue we must address. 4．The organization(organize) is hosting a charity event next week. 5．The country has a strong defence/defense (defend) system in place. 6．The economic(economy) situation is improving slowly but steadily. 7．The length (long) of the river is over 100 miles. 8．Her disappearance(disappear) and death would give proof enough of Charles' guilt. 1．in turn 相应地，转而 2．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3．breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 4．due to 由于，因为 5．build up 逐渐增加，扩大 6．come up with 想出，想到 7．call for (公开)要求；需要 8．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 9．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10．give rise to 使发生(或存在) 1．Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows：wages ￡10m，plant ￡10m，raw materials ￡5m. 2．She came up with a brilliant idea for our school project the other day. 3．We were late due to heavy traffic on the highway. 4．When I was asked to talk about my favorite hobbies，painting sprang to mind． 5．The new manager plans to breathe life into our struggling department. 6．I helped my friend move，and he，in turn，helped me clean my house. 由新知联想已知 1．beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 [联想]　①under prep.在(或到、通过)……下面；少于；由……控制(或管理、经营)；在……的影响下 ②below prep.在……下面；低于 ③down prep.向下，朝下；沿着，顺着；贯穿……时间 2．in turn 相应地，转而 [联想]　①by turns依次地；轮流地；交替地 ②take turns轮流(做某事)(以便分享责任或机会) ③it is one's turn to轮到某人(做某事) 3．cattle n．牛(仅用作复数意义) [联想]　①cow n．母牛，奶牛 ②bull n．公牛；〈非正式〉废话，胡说八道 ③calf n．小牛，牛犊 第一篇课文(Reading) ①play a significant role in在……中起重要作用 ②the Earth's ecosystem地球生态系统 ③on the South American continent 在南美大陆 ④with an area of 面积是…… ⑤6，400 kilometres in length长6 400千米 ⑥one in ten known species十分之一的已知物种 ⑦plant species known to us我们已知的植物 ⑧water lily 睡莲 ⑨an unbelievable variety of wildlife种类多到难以置信的野生动植物 ⑩roots beneath the ground地表下的根系 ⑪be made up of shorter plants由较矮的植物组成 ⑫a significant number of jaguars相当多的美洲豹 ⑬at least 87 species至少87种物种 ⑭in turn 相应地，转而 ⑮feed on insects 以昆虫为食 ⑯break down its body分解它的尸体 ⑰return the nutrients to the earth将营养物质还给大地 ⑱breathe life into the planet使地球生生不息 ⑲fix carbon 固定碳 ⑳over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen 超过全球总量20%的氧气 ㉑a treasure house of species一个物种宝库 ㉒due to human activities由于人类活动 ㉓such as agriculture and cattle farming例如农业和畜牧业 ㉔the impact of human activities人类活动的影响 ㉕in danger of extinction 处于绝种危险中 ㉖be left with a question留下一个问题 The Amazon rainforest：a natural treasure Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.[1] This is the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in①maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem②. [1]a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名词the jungle的同位语。 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries，including Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France，all on the South American continent③.With an area of④ around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.[2] The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑤—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth：one in ten known species⑥ in the world can be found here. [2]more than half the size of China 是倍数表达法之一：倍数＋the size of＋被比较的对象。 Of the 390，000 plant species known to us⑦，more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat；these water lilies⑧ are big enough to lie down on.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife⑨.At the bottom，there is a system of roots beneath the ground⑩.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.[3] The next level is made up of shorter plants⑪ with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things. [3]本句是完全倒装句，由“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”构成。 More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.While a significant number of jaguars⑫ survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain.They feed on at least 87 species⑬，including frogs.These frogs，in turn⑭，feed on insects⑮ which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body⑯ and return the nutrients to the earth⑰. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet⑱ by fixing carbon⑲ and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen⑳.Thus，it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species㉑ that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us.Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities㉒ such as agriculture and cattle farming㉓.[4]As the impact of human activities㉔ continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction㉕ becomes longer，we are left with a question㉖：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ [4]时间状语为“Over the past 50 years”，句子用现在完成时。 亚马孙雨林：自然宝库 欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的热带雨林，它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。 亚马孙雨林横跨南美大陆的八个国家，包括巴西、秘鲁以及法国的一个海外地区。亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河。亚马孙河长接近6 400千米，比长江还长约100千米。从山区流到海洋，这条河支撑着许多不同的生态系统。它们使这个地区拥有地球上最丰富的生物多样性：世界上十分之一的已知物种在这里能够被发现。 在我们已知的39万种植物中，有4万多种能在亚马孙雨林中找到。高大而古老的巴西坚果树出产我们可以吃的坚果；这些睡莲大得可以让人躺在上面。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。再往上的一层是长着大叶的较矮的植物。然后是高耸而古老的阔叶树，最后是离地面好几米高的最高树木的树梢。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 1 300多种鸟类和400多种哺乳动物藏身于亚马孙雨林的植物中。美洲豹就是一个例子。它长着一身带黑色斑点的黄褐色的皮毛。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。它们以包括青蛙在内的至少87种物种为食。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。 亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。因此，它经常被称为“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是一个有食用或药用价值的物种宝库。然而，这些不能替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们人类。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$