18 UNIT 3 Festivals and customs Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．earn vt．& vi．赚得；获利；赢得 (1)earn a/one's living 谋生，养家糊口 earn money 赚钱，挣钱 earn respect 赢得尊重，获得尊重 earn a reputation 赢得声誉，树立声誉 (2)earnings n． 所得；收入 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After finishing school，she had to find a job to earn (earn) a living and support herself． ②Through her hard work，she earned(earn) the respect of others and became a trusted leader． ③The program shows how prices and earnings (earn) have increased over the past 20 years． ④我有妻子和两个孩子，我们靠我挣的钱勉强糊口。 I have a wife and two children and we live from hand to mouth on what I earn． 2．hunt vi．& vt．寻找，搜寻；打猎，猎杀；追捕 n．搜索，寻找；打猎 (1)hunt for sth． 寻找某物 hunt down 追捕 (2)hunter n． 猎人 hunting n． 狩猎 go hunting 去打猎 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They hunted (hunt) for the missing treasure and searched every corner of the island． ②They enjoy going hunting (hunt) in the forest during the winter season． ③The hunter (hunt) aimed carefully and shot the wild animal with great precision． ④我们需要在月底之前找到一个新公寓。 We need to hunt for a new apartment before the end of the month． 过去将来时 概念 过去将来时用于表示过去某个时间点或某个事件之前，对于将来的预测、打算、意愿、承诺等。它常常与使用过去时的陈述句连用。 [观察探究] 阅读以下短文，找出至少四个包含过去将来时的句子并翻译。 One dollar and eighty-seven cents．That was all Della had．She counted it three times．One dollar and eighty-seven cents．And the next day would be Christmas．If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim，she would need more money．But how could she earn some? Della stood in front of the mirror in her apartment．She looked at her reflection，brushed her long，brown hair，and made up her mind: she was going to sell her hair．With the money she received for it，she would buy Jim a perfect gift． (1)And the next day would be Christmas．第二天就是圣诞节了。 (2)...she would need more money．……她会需要更多的钱。 (3)...she was going to sell her hair．……她打算卖掉她的头发。 (4)...she would buy Jim a perfect gift．……她会给吉姆买一份完美的礼物。 [归纳用法] 一、过去将来时的常见句式结构及其用法 1．常见句式结构： (1)肯定句结构：主语 ＋ 助动词“would” ＋ 动词原形 She said she would meet her friend tomorrow． 她说她明天要见她的朋友。 (2)否定句结构：主语 ＋ 助动词“would not”或“wouldn't” ＋ 动词原形 He promised he wouldn't be late for the appointment． 他承诺他约会不会迟到。 (3)疑问句结构：助动词“would” ＋ 主语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 其他？ Would you like to go shopping with me? 你愿意和我一起去购物吗？ 2．“would＋动词原形”可用以表示过去的某种习惯性行为。 Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us． 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会来帮助我们。 3．“would＋动词原形”可用于虚拟语气中，表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。 If I were you，I would not do that． 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 If it rained tomorrow，we would stay at home． 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight． 我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。 4．“was/were going to＋动词原形”表示过去准备、计划做某事。 I was going to call you，but I got busy with work． 我本来打算给你打电话，但我又忙起了工作。 They were going to attend the meeting，but it was canceled． 他们本打算参加会议，但会议被取消了。 5．“was/were about to＋动词原形”表示过去即将发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。 They were about to start the presentation when the power went out． 他们正要开始演示时停电了。 6．“was/were to＋动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 He was to finish the project by the end of the week． 他将在本周末完成这个项目。 二、特殊用法 1．go，come，leave，arrive等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 I asked her whether she was coming to the party． 我问她是否要来参加晚会。 He told me Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later． 他告诉我格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷了。 2．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 I didn't know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know． 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 [名师点津]　第一个 when 引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个 when 引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 [即时训练]　完成句子 ①我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。(be to do) I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time． ②那天晚上她不准备做任何事。(be going to) She was not going to do anything that evening． ③他说他会在车站等我们。(would) He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop． ④她说将来他们不可能再见面。(would) She said that it would be impossible for them to meet again in the future． ⑤我们正要出发去旅行，这时突然下起了大雨。(be about to) We were about to set out on a trip when it suddenly began to rain heavily． 短文语境补全句子 Three years ago，my mom told me that she 1．would send me to/was going to send me to (将会把我送到) a private high school．I was so excited because I 2．would start(将会开始) a new chapter of my life．But the first two weeks at the new school was the most difficult time of my entire life．I wanted to keep every second of my day busy and occupied so I 3．wouldn't think about(不会去想) how lonely I felt．I just remember one afternoon，as I 4．was about to leave(正要离开) the classroom after class，my head teacher walked to me and said that all my hard work 5．would pay off(将会得到回报) soon．Now I am in my ideal university．So if you put your effort into something，the result 6．wouldn't disappoint you(将不会令你失望)． 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①precious adj．宝贵的，珍贵的；珍奇的，珍稀的；矫揉造作的 ②eve n．前夜 ③china n．瓷器 ④plate n．盘子；一盘所盛之量；(金属)板条；号牌；车牌；板块 ⑤all sorts of各种各样的 sort n．种类；某一种(或某一类)人 v．整理；把……分类 ⑥pork n．猪肉 ⑦take a bite of咬一口 bite n．& v．咬 ⑧select vt．挑选 ⑨ring vi．回响；充满 ⑩settle vi．定居；降落，停留 vt．(最终)决定，安排好；安放 ⑪far away from远离 ⑫convenient adj．便利的；方便的；附近的；容易到达的 convenience n．[U]方便；适宜；便利 [C]便利的事物(或设施) at sb．'s convenience在(某人)方便时 ⑬on/upon one's arrival某人一到达 ⑭joyous adj．高兴的，令人愉快的 ⑮neat adj．整洁的 ⑯represent vt．体现；代表；维护……的利益；作为……的象征 ⑰midnight n．午夜 ⑱stay up 熬夜 ⑲gala n．庆典；盛会；演出；体育竞赛(尤指游泳) ⑳at the very start of在……的开始 ㉑ageing adj．上年纪的 aged ……岁 the aged(统称)老人 ㉒after all 毕竟 ㉓set off 燃放 ㉔be lit up with被……点亮 ㉕firework n．烟花 ㉖fortune n．运气 fortunate adj．幸运的；交好运的；吉利的 ㉗togetherness n．团聚 A precious①family dinner It is just past five o'clock on the Chinese New Year's Eve②，and the dinner table is already covered with white china③ plates④ and bowls，full of all sorts of ⑤ dishes【1】： chicken，duck，pork⑥，fish and vegetables．Luo Yan，29，lifts the cover of a large bowl to breathe in the rich smell of the soup his wife and mother have prepared【2】．Luo Yan's son，Bofeng，happily takes a bite of ⑦ the chicken his grandfather has selected⑧ for him【3】． 【1】形容词短语作定语，修饰plates and bowls。 【2】定语从句，修饰 the soup，省略了引导词that/which。 【3】定语从句，修饰 the chicken，省略了引导词that/which。 Six-year-old Bofeng has not seen his grandparents for almost a year，and he is full of joy and excitement．Indeed，the whole family could not be happier to be together【4】．Despite the cold outside，their happy faces fill the air with warmth while merry laughter rings⑨ throughout the house．Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled⑩ in the big city，far away from⑪ their hometown．Every year，they travel back for the Spring Festival，for their dream of “three generations under the same roof”． 【4】“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义，此处意为“不可能更幸福了”。 The Luo family's journey back to their hometown was a long and tiring one just a few years ago．However，the high-speed train has made it much more convenient⑫ for them to go back home．During the five-hour trip，they chatted excitedly with each other，their minds full of thoughts about their sweet home【5】． 【5】“名词＋形容词短语”构成的独立主格结构，在本句中作状语。 On their arrival⑬，they find Luo's parents eagerly waiting for them．Their home has been specially decorated for the joyous⑭ occasion．From the neat⑮ designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows，to the Spring Festival couplets on the door，and to the New Year paintings on the wall，everything represents⑯ joy，luck and happiness．Even the fish on the plate expresses a hope for nian nian you yu—yu means both “fish” and “plenty” in Chinese—“May you get more than you wish for every year”．【6】 【6】本句用了“May you＋动词原形...”句型，表示祝愿。 After dinner，the hours until midnight⑰ go slowly by．The whole family are going to stay up⑱ late on the Chinese New Year's Eve．They gather around the television to watch the Spring Festival Gala⑲，while eating snacks，chatting with each other and making dumplings that they will eat at the very start of ⑳ the new year【7】．In the warmth and comfort of the room，Luo Yan talks about his plan for the future．“I hope we won't have to be separated again，” he says，looking at his ageing㉑ parents．“My parents are getting old，and we should spend more time with them．We'll come back more frequently and we're also considering taking them to the city to live with us．After all㉒，home is where all family members are together【8】．” 【7】句中的while eating...，chatting...and making...作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰dumplings，that可省略。 【8】where引导表语从句。 As midnight approaches【9】，Luo Yan takes his parents，wife and son outside to set off ㉓ firecrackers．The whole village is lit up with㉔ colourful fireworks㉕．All over the country，people are celebrating their good fortune㉖，celebrating their family's togetherness㉗，and celebrating their nation's strength． 【9】as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。 弥足珍贵的团圆饭 除夕刚过五点钟，饭桌上就已经摆满了白瓷碗碟、鸡鸭鱼肉和蔬菜，满满当当的各色菜肴。二十九岁的罗言掀开一个大碗的盖子，嗅着妻子和母亲煲的汤所散发出的浓香。罗言的儿子博峰美滋滋地咬了一口爷爷给挑好的鸡肉。 六岁的博峰都快一年没见爷爷奶奶了，他满心喜悦与激动。的确，再没有比一家人团团圆圆更高兴的事了。虽然外面天寒地冻，但他们幸福的脸庞却让屋内的空气暖洋洋的，欢声笑语处处可闻。罗言一家三口已经在大城市定居，离家乡很远。不过，他们每年都回老家过春节，以实现他们“三代同堂”的梦想。 几年前，罗言一家的回乡之旅还是漫长而劳顿的。然而如今有了高铁，回趟家就方便多了。五个小时的旅途中，他们兴高采烈地聊着天，心中想的全是甜蜜的家。 刚到家，他们就发现父母早就翘首以待了。家中已经为这个高兴的场合特别布置了一番。从窗上贴得整整齐齐的剪纸，到门上的春联，再到墙上的年画，无不象征着欢乐、吉祥和幸福。就连盘中的那条鱼也表达了对年年有余的企盼——在汉语中“鱼”“余”谐音——祝愿每年的收获都能多于期望。 年夜饭后到午夜前的这几个小时缓慢地流逝着。除夕之夜，一家人都要熬夜守岁。他们围坐在电视机前看春节联欢晚会，一边吃着零食，聊着天，一边包着新年伊始要吃的饺子。在温暖舒适的房间中，罗言讲了他未来的打算。“我希望我们不用再分开了，”他看着年迈的父母，“我爸妈年纪大了，我们应该多陪陪他们。我们会回家回得更频繁一点，也考虑着把二老接到城里，跟我们一起生活。不管怎么说，一家人在哪，哪就是家。” 午夜将至，罗言带着父母妻儿到屋外放鞭炮。五颜六色的烟花把整个村子都照亮了。举国上下，人们都在庆祝自己的好运气，庆祝阖家团聚，庆祝祖国富强。 8/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$