2025年人教版中考英语二轮复习-动词考法及解题技巧课件

精讲 形式多变的动词 2025四川英语 动词中考考法及解题技巧 温馨提示：点击内容可跳转至相应页面。 2 动词在语法填空中的考查 1 动词在完形填空中的考查 3 动词在单词填空中的考查 近5年中考在完形填空中连续考查动词(绵阳：5年28考；宜宾：5年31考)，主要有以下两种考查角度：①动词词义辨析(绵阳：5年21考；宜宾：5年28考)；②动词短语辨析(绵阳：5年7考；宜宾：5年3考)。 动词在完形填空中的考查 对点训练 Cloze 1 Last year， I was chosen to go to France as an exchange student for a term. It was a special experience and I  　1　 a lot there. （　D　）1. A. forgot B. missed C. exercised D. learned Trying new food was one of the most exciting things. In addition， as we all know， French wine(酒) is famous around the world. One of the reasons is that the farmers are very good at  　2　 grapes. （　B　）2. A. showing B. growing C. drawing D. eating D B I also made friends with some locals， and it gave me a chance to   　3　 their culture. What’s more， my communication ability in English improved. （　A　）3. A. learn about B. work out C. turn on D. look through Of course， there were some challenges. For example， I wanted to   　4　 a gift in the store， but I went in the opposite direction！ However， these challenges made the trip even more exciting， as I  　5　 that everyone here was polite and willing to help me. （　C　）4. A. send B. hide C. buy D. check （　A　）5. A. found B. showed C. turned D. pointed A C A All in all， my first trip abroad was amazing. Cloze 2 Porter bought an old Jeep car(吉普车) with the hope of repairing it with his sons. Sadly， before the work was  　1　， Porter hurt his leg and couldn’t fix the car himself. （　B　）1. A. invented B. finished C. found D. divided Porter was not sure about what to  　2　 with the car. Luckily， his neighbor Bob  　3　 students practical skills about technology at the nearby high school. （　D　）2. A. come B. part C. go D. do （　B　）3. A. dressed B. taught C. advised D. forced B D B He thought that helping  　4　 the old Jeep car would be a “great chance” for his students. “For me， it’s not just about  　5　 my students how to repair cars，” Bob said. “It’s about teaching them how to  　6　 to the community.” （　C　）4. A. choose B. drive C. repair D. clean （　B　）5. A. allowing B. showing C. ordering D. asking （　A　）6. A. give back B. get off C. look for D. listen to C B A The repair work didn’t come without challenges， but the students didn’t  　7　 working on difficult parts of the car. They  　8　 a lot of effort into the project because the car was valuable. （　C　）7. A. write B. mind C. stop D. enjoy （　C　）8. A. threw B. talked C. put D. added After more than a week of hard work， Bob and his students successfully  　9　 the “new” Jeep to the Porter’s family. （　A　）9. A. returned B. lent C. developed D. planned C C A “As soon as I saw the car， it was just a dream that was  　10　，” said Porter. “It was amazing that my students and I could come together as a team and work on it，” Bob smiled. （　A　）10. A. achieved B. lost C. prepared D. changed A 近5年中考在语法填空中连续考查动词(绵阳：5年20考；宜宾：5年19考)，主要有以下六种考查角度：①变时态(绵阳：5年10考；宜宾：5年6考)；②变语态(宜宾：2023.73，2022.68)；③变动词不定式(绵阳：5年3考；宜宾：5年5考)；④变动名词(绵阳：5年4考；宜宾：5年4考)；⑤变名词(绵阳：2024.44，2023.40；宜宾：2023.72)；⑥变形容词(绵阳：2022.44；宜宾：2023.67)。具体解题技巧如下： 动词在语法填空中的考查 课标知识导图 用所给动 词的适当 形式填空 变时态 变动词不定式 变动名词 变名词 变形容词 动词在语法填空中的考查 变时态 (1)句子时态为一般现在时，主语为非第三人称单数/可数名词复数/集合名词表整体概念/代词复数 (2)在一般将来时中：be going to或“will＋动词原形” (3)助动词(do/does/did及其否定形式)＋动词原形 1.填原形 [例]We promise to train harder to win the match. [例]I will go to my uncle's home. [例]I don't like to eat sweet food. 变时态 (1)在一般现在时的句子中，主语是第三人称单数 (2)“a/an/one/this/that＋可数名词单数”或this/that/it作主语时 (3)复合不定代词、疑问代词作主语 (4)不可数名词作主语 2.变单三形式 [例]Smith reads every night before going to bed. [例]That means we have to wait for two hours. [例]Everything begins to grow when spring comes. [例]The milk smells good. 变时态 (1)根据上下文语境明确时态为过去式 3.变过去式 [例]Tom promised to come to my birthday party. However, he didn't show up in the end. [例]I saw Lily when I walked across the playground. [例]I bought an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday. (2)主从句时态一致，当主句为过去的某种时态，从句通常也用过去的时态 (3)有明显表示过去时间的标志词 变时态 (1)与have/has构成现在完成时 (2)与be动词构成被动语态 4.变过去分词 [例]She has finished her homework. [例]Food is provided for students to eat. [例]We don't have enough paper to write on. 变动词不定式 1.在句中作后置定语 2.用于含动词不定式的固定短语/句型 3.在句中作宾语补足语 4.在句中作目的状语 [例]I would like to go to the park. [例]The teacher asked students to finish the task. [例]Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. [例]Gina is good at playing the piano. 变动名词 1.位于介词/介词短语后 2.用于固定搭配中 3.动名词作主语 4.动名词＋or/and＋动名词 5.动名词作定语 [例]I had some trouble finding the way to the hospital. [例]Learning English well is important. [例]Singing and dancing make me relaxed. [例]There are many people swimming in the swimming pool. [例]The smart car can drivewithout a driver. 变名词 1.a/an/the/that/every/each/another/either/one/序数词/any other＋可数名词单数 [例]Thank you for giving me somany useful suggestions. 2.these/those/普通不定代词(many/some/few/ a few/both/all/other等)/大于1的基数词/one of(＋the＋形容词最高级)/quite afew/a pair of/a couple of/a(great/large)number of/different kinds of/all kinds of+可数名词复数 3.名词/形容词+名词 [例] The man over there is our new teacher. 4.可数名词单数+am/is/was/谓语动词的单三形式 [例] The writer has created many famous novels. 5.可数名词复数+are/were/动词原形 [例]Visitors are looking at this ancient building. 变名词 [例]It is an inteesing story. 变形容词 1.形容词＋名词 [例]The kids may be excited about the new clothes and toys. 2.系动词(如be动词、感官动词，turn，become，get等)＋形容词 3.形容词＋and/or＋形容词 [例]The girl is creative and smart. 4.复合不定代词＋形容词 5.用于形容词短语中，其结构为“be动词＋形容词＋介词” [例]You should wear something comfortable to the beach. [例]I'm worried about my exam. 知识必备 一、动词变形容词的规则 规则变化 例词 规律 wonder→wonderful care→① 　careful　 1.词尾加② 　-ful　 amaze→③ 　amazing　 interest→interesting 2.词尾加④ 　-ing　(修饰物， 包含以不发音的字母e结尾，去e再加-ing) careful -ful amazing -ing 规则变化 例词 规律 excite→⑤ 　excited　(宜宾：2023.67；绵阳：2022.44) surprise→surprised relax→relaxed 3.词尾加⑥ 　-ed　(修饰人，包含以e结尾直接加-d) worry→⑦ 　worried　 satisfy→satisfied 4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，⑧ 　 变 y 为 i，再加-ed　(修饰人) excited　 -ed worried　 变 y 为 i，再加- ed 规则变化 例词 规律 enjoy→⑨ 　enjoyable　 comfort→comfortable 5.词尾加⑩ 　-able　 sleep→asleep　wake→awake 6.动词前加a- 不规则变化 die→dead　 lose→lost 7.其他 enjoyable -able 二、动词变名词的规则 规则 变化 例词 规律 teach→① 　teacher　 visit→visitor 1.词尾加② 　-er 或-or　　 dance→dance write→③ 　writer　　 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词加 ④ 　-r　　 run→⑤ 　runner　 win→winner 3.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加⑥ 　-er　 work→⑦ 　working　 learn→ learning 4.词尾加⑧ 　-ing　 teacher -er 或-or writer -r runner -er working　 -ing 规则 变化 例词 规律 achieve→achievement　　　agree→⑨ 　agreement　　 5.词尾加⑩ 　-ment　 connect→⑪ 　connection　 invite→invitation 6.词尾加⑫ 　-ion或-ation　 arrive→⑬ 　arrival　　 survive→survival 7.词尾去e，加⑭ 　-al　 act→actress　wait→waitress 8.词尾加-ress 不规则 变化 decide→decision(绵阳：2020.40) choose→choice　　　　　advise→advice 9.其他 agreement -ment connection　 -ion或- ation arrival　 -al 三、动词基本形式变化 形式 规律 例词 第三人称单数 serve→serves read→① 　reads　 1. 一般在动词原形后直接加-s go→goes wash→② 　washes　 2. 以s， o， x， sh， ch结尾的动词，后加-es fly→flies study→③ 　studies　 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为i，再加-es reads washes studies 形式 规律 例词 过去式与过去分词 work→worked stay→④ 　stayed　 4. 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed encourage→encouraged like→⑤ 　liked　 5. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词后只加-d study→studied carry→⑥ 　carried　 6. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为i，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→⑦ 　planned　 7. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再 加-ed stayed　 liked carried　 planned　 形式 规律 例词 现在分词与动名词 sleep→sleeping wait→⑧ 　waiting　 8. 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing smile→smiling write→⑨ 　writing　 9. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词去e，再加-ing sit→sitting dig→⑩ 　digging　 plan→⑪ 　planning　 10. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ing die→dying lie→⑫ 　lying　 11. 少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing waiting　 writing digging　 planning　 lying 对点训练 (2024陕西改编) As we all know， email is a way of sending messages to other people through the Internet. It is widely used 1.  　in　people’s daily lives. It is much cheaper and quicker than sending a letter. If you want to send emails， you should 2.  　first　(one) create an email address for yourself. This address is 3.  　usually　(usual) made up of letters and dots (点) and the symbol “@” (meaning “at”). This is what an address looks like： Jenny@mail.com. When you email someone， type in (输入) the email address of the person 4.  　who/whom　you’d like to send an email to， and then send your message on the Internet. in first　 usually　 who/whom In the past， people 5.  　needed　(need) stamps， envelopes and went to the post office to send their letters. However， the situation 6.  　has changed　(change) since people invented the Internet. And then more and more people are interested in 7.  　using　(use) emails. All emails have 8.  　the　same advantages： quick and convenient！Ever since the birth of email， 9.  　letters　(letter) that are written and sent in the traditional way have gotten a special name—snail mail. Yet， with the rapid 10.  　development　(develop) of science and technology， some other ways of online communication have played a more important part than email. needed　 has changed using　 the　 letters development 近5年中考在单词填空中连续考查动词(宜宾：5年10考)，主要有以下三种考查角度：①首字母(宜宾：5年4考)；②音标(宜宾：2024.61，2023.61)；③汉语提示(宜宾：5年4考)。 动词在单词填空中的考查 对点训练 1. (2024东营改编)Jenny has changed　 a lot， much thinner and more hard-working than before. 2. I feel　 excited to grow vegetables on the school farm tomorrow. 3. It’s necessary to control　 yourself when you are in anger， or you may hurt someone by mistake. 4. The number of tigers is smaller than before， so we must do what we can do to protect　 them. hanged eel ontrol rotect 5. We live in the information age， so we have more chances and methods to improve　　ourselves. 6. Learning to cook healthy meals is important for us to develop　　good eating habits. 7. People often  　visit　　/ˈvɪzɪt/ their relatives during the Spring Festival to send best wishes. 8. When you receive a message from your friend， you’d better  　 reply　　/rɪˈplaɪ/ to it in time. 9. (2024北京改编)Tina  　 (去) to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer last month. mprove evelop visit reply　 went　 10. We should  　review　(复习) the key points every day instead of just before the exam. 11. Students are offered chances to  　show　(展示) themselves during the art festival. review　 show 1. AAA型 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 cost ① 　 co st　 cos t 花费；需付费 cut ② 　cu t　 cu t 砍，剪，切，割 fit ③ 　fit/fitted　 fit/fitte d 适合；合身；安装 hurt ④ 　hur t　 hur t (使)疼痛；受伤 hit ⑤ 　hi t　 h it (用手或器具)击；打；碰撞 cost cost cut cut fit/fitted fit/fitted hurt hurt hit hit 附录：“动词不规则变化”自测表 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 let ⑥ 　l et　 le t 允许；让 put ⑦ 　pu t　 pu t 放 read ⑧ 　read 　 rea d 读；阅读；朗读 set ⑨ 　set 　 se t 放，置；使处于 spread ⑩ 　spread　 spread 传播；展开 shut ⑪ 　shu t　 sh ut 关闭，关上 let let put put read read set set spread spread shut shut 2. AAB型 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 beat ⑫ 　beat　 beaten 敲打；击打；(在比赛中)打败(某人) 3. ABA型 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 become ⑬ 　 became　 become 开始变得；变成 come ⑭ 　 came　 com e 来；来到 run ⑮ 　ran 　 r un 跑；奔 beat beaten became become came come ran run 4. ABB型 (1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母-d，-t或-ed构成过去式或过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 burn ⑯ 　burned/burnt 　 bu rned/burnt 着火；燃烧；烧毁 deal ⑰ 　de alt　 dealt 处理；发牌 dream ⑱ 　dreamed/dreamt　 dreamed/ dreamt 做梦 hear ⑲ 　hear d　 hear d 听见，听到 learn ⑳ 　learned/learnt 　 l earned/learnt 学习，学会 mean ㉑ 　meant 　 meant 意思是；打算；意欲 burned/burnt burned/burnt dealt dealt dreamed/ dreamt dreamed/ dreamt heard heard learned/learnt learned/learnt meant meant 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 smell ㉒ 　smelled/smelt　 smelled/sm elt 发出……气味；闻(到)，嗅(到) spell ㉓ 　 spelled/spelt　 spelled/s pelt 用字母拼；拼写 smelled/smelt smelled/smelt spelled/spelt spelled/spelt (2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母 “d” 改为 “t” 构成过去式或过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 build ㉔  　 built　 bu ilt 建筑，建造；增强 lend ㉕ 　 lent　 len t 借给，借出；给予 send ㉖ 　 sent　 sen t 邮寄；发送；派遣；打发；安排去 spend ㉗ 　spent　 spen t 花费(金钱、时间等)；度过 built built lent lent sent sent spent spent (3)原形→-ought→-ought 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 bring ㉘ 　 brought　 broug ht 带来；取来 buy ㉙  　 bought　 boug ht 购买，买 fight ㉚ 　fo ught　 fou g ht 打架(仗)；战斗 think ㉛ 　thou ght　 th ought 想，认为；思考 brought brought bought bought fought fought thought thought (4)原形→-aught→-aught 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 catch ㉜ 　caught　 caught 及时赶上；抓住 teach ㉝ 　taught　 taught 教；讲授 caught caught taught taught (5)变其中一个元音字母 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 dig ㉞ 　 dug　 du g 掘(地)；凿(洞)；挖(土) feed ㉟ 　fed 　 fe d 喂养；饲养 find ㊱ 　foun d　 fou nd 找到；发现 get ㊲ 　go t　 got/gott en 去取(或带来) hang ㊳ 　hun g　 hun g 悬挂；垂下 hold ㊴ 　he ld　 h eld 举办；包含 dug dug fed fed found found got got/gotten hung hung held held 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 lead ㊵ 　le d　 le d 带路，领路；导致 meet ㊶ 　me t　 me t 相逢；遇见；结识 sit ㊷ 　sa t　 sa t 坐 stick ㊸ 　stuc k　 stuc k 粘贴，粘住 win ㊹ 　wo n　 w on 获胜；赢；赢得 led led met met sat sat stuck stuck won won (6)原形→-lt/-pt/-ft→-lt/-pt/-ft 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 feel ㊺ 　fel t 　 fel t 感受；觉得 keep ㊻ 　ke pt　 kep t 保持；保留；保存 leave ㊼ 　lef t　 le ft 离开；剩下 sleep ㊽ 　slep t　 s lept 睡觉 felt felt kept kept left left slept slept (7)其他 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 lay ㊾ 　la id　 lai d 放置，安放，产(卵)；下(蛋)；搁 pay ㊿ 　pai d　 pai d 付费，付酬 say  　sai d　 sai d 说，讲 stand  　stoo d　 stoo d 忍受；站立；位于 understand  　understood 　 understoo d 理解，领会，懂 lose  　los t　 los t 失去；丢失；输掉 laid laid paid paid said said stood stood understood understood lost lost 51 52 53 54 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 have  　h ad　 ha d 经受；有 make  　mad e　 mad e 使成为；制造；做 sell  　sol d　 s old 出售；销售 tell  　tol d　 tol d 讲述；告诉 had had made made sold sold told told 55 56 57 58 5. ABC型 (1)原形→过去式→原形＋(e)n 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 blow  　b l ew　 blo wn 吹；刮风 draw  　dre w　 draw n 绘画；抽签 drive  　drov e　 drive n 开车；迫使 eat  　a te　 eate n 吃 fall  　fel l　 f allen 倒塌；掉落 blew blown drew drawn drove driven ate eaten fell fallen 59 60 61 62 63 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 give  　ga ve　 give n 提供；给 grow  　grew 　 grow n 种植；生长 know  　kne w　 kno wn 知道；了解；认识 mistake  　mistoo k　 mi staken 误会，误解 gave given grew grown knew known mistook mistaken 64 65 66 67 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 take  　to ok　 take n 买下；拿；取；乘坐；花费；服用；携带 throw  　thre w　 throw n 扔，投，掷 ride  　rod e　 ridde n 骑(自行车、马等) rise  　rose 　 rise n 升起；增加；提高；起床 see  　saw 　 se en 理解，明白；遇见 shake  　shook 　 s haken 摇动；抖动 took taken threw thrown rode ridden rose risen saw seen shook shaken 68 69 70 71 72 73 (2)原形→过去式→过去式＋(e)n 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 break  　b roke　 broke n (使)破，裂；损坏；打破(纪录) choose  　chos e　 chose n 选择；挑选 speak  　spok e　 spo ken 说(某种语言)；说话；谈话 steal  　sto le　 s tolen 偷，窃取 broke broken chose chosen spoke spoken stole stolen 74 75 76 77 (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母 “i”分别为 “a”(过去式)和 “u”(过去分词)(i→a→u) 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 begin  　be ga n　 b egun 开始 drink  　dran k　 dru nk 喝 sing  　sa ng　 sun g 唱歌 swim  　swa m　 swu m 游泳 ring  　ran g　 run g (使)发出钟声或铃声；打电话 began begun drank drunk sang sung swam swum rang rung 78 79 80 81 82 (4)其他 原形 过去式 过去分词 含义 be(am， is， are)  　was， were　 be en 变成；在；是 do  　did 　 don e 做；干 fly  　fle w　 flo wn 飞；放(风筝、飞机模型等) go  　went 　 gon e 去，走 lie  　la y　 lai n 躺，平躺；处于 wear  　wor e　 wor n 穿，戴 was， were been did done flew flown went gone lay lain wore worn 83 84 85 86 87 88 $$