2025年人教版英语中考二轮复习-介词（含介词短语）课件

精讲 2025中考英语二轮复习 2025四川英语 介词（含介词短） 2 综合检测 第一节 介词的基本用法 核心语法精讲练 1 课标知识导图 3 综合检测 第二节 介词短语及固定搭配 核心语法精讲练 课标知识导图 1.方式介词 above，over，below，under，at，in，on，to，behind等 by，in，on，with等 2.方位介词 at，on，in，after，before，for，during， since， from， until等 about，for，from，with，without，like等 3.时间介词 4.其他常见介词 5.介词的固定搭配 (1)介词与名词的固定搭配 (2)其他常见介词的固定搭配 介词和介词的固定搭配 核心语法精讲练 一、方位介词 (绵阳：2022.41) 1. at， in， on 与to 介词 用法 示例 at 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近，旁边” at the station　at Park Street in 表示“在(大地方)”或“在……范围之内” Sichuan lies in the southwest of China. 第一节 介词的基本用法 （绵阳：5年3考，语法填空；宜宾：5年6考，完形填空、语法填空、单词填空） 介词 用法 示例 on 表示“在……(的平面)上” on the desk 表示A地位于B地的外面且接壤 Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province. to(绵阳：2022.41) 表示“在……范围之外”，即A、B两地不接壤 Japan lies to the east of China. 2. over， under， above与below 介词 用法 例句 over 指“在……(垂直的)正上方”，与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触，同under相对 There is a bridge over the river. 表示“(覆盖)在……上”，有遮蔽之意 He spreads the table cloth over the table. under 表示“在……正下方”，两者不接触 My schoolbag is under the desk. 介词 用法 例句 above 表示“在……的上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The picture is above the bed. below 表示“在……的下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees. 3. across， over， through与past 介词 含义及用法 示例 across 意为“横过；穿过”，指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过 walk across the road over 意为“横过；越过”，指从上方经过、跨越 We must go over the mountain. through 意为“穿过；通过；经过”，指从空间内部通过 go through the forest past 意为“经过”，指从旁边经过 I often go past the shop after school. 4. 其他方位介词 介词 含义 例句 near 在……附近 The Smiths have decided to buy a house near the sea. beside 在……旁边，相当于next to Jenny is sitting on the sofa and Danny is sitting beside her. behind 在……后面 There’s a really big park behind the museum. inside 在……里面 Then they heard an old woman’s voice from inside the house. 介词 含义 例句 outside 在……外面 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. along 沿着 My parents often walk along the river after supper. around 环绕，在……周围 The earth moves around the sun. 二、时间介词(绵阳：2023.36；宜宾：2023.27) 1. on， in和at 介词 用法 示例 on 用于具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前，或用于星期、节日前 on Saturday　　　 　 on September 1st on Teachers’ Day on Women’s Day in (绵阳：2023.36) 表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或用于泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上前 in 2024　in July　in winter in the 21st century　　 in the morning 介词 用法 示例 at 用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前 at half past ten　 　　 at noon/night 2. 其他时间介词的用法 介词 用法 例句 before 表示“在……之前”，后接时间点 We always buy a lot of food before the festival.[外研七(上) Module 10 P62] after 表示“……之后”，后接时间点，常与将来时连用 I’ll ring you up after two o’clock. 表示“……之后”，后接时间段，常与过去时连用 We finished the project after five weeks. 在……后面(表示位置、顺序、重要性) Let’s play basketball together after finishing the homework. 介词 用法 例句 since 表示从过去某时直至现在，后接时间点，主句用完成时 I’m looking after Tom today. He has been in my house since 8：00. from 说明开始的时间，谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 Students go to school from Monday to Friday. for 表示动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，主句用完成时 We have known each other for ten years. 介词 用法 例句 until/till 用于否定句中，意为“直到……才……”，其谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词 The meeting won’t be held until 6 pm. during (宜宾：2023.27) 后接时间段，意为“在……期间” Good learners often ask questions during or after class. 三、方式介词 介词 用法 示例 in 表示用语言、声音、原材料、颜色、服装等 in English　in a low voice on 表示“通过，用”，后接通信工具 on the Internet　 on the phone by 表示用……手段或方式，后接动名词或交通工具 by bus　 by listening to music with 表示用具体的东西，后接表示工具或身体部位的词 I often do my homework with a pen. 四、其他常见介词(绵阳：2023.41；宜宾：5年5考) 介词 用法 例句 among 在……之间(强调三者及三者以上) The teacher is among the students. for 为了(表示目的) What can I do for you？ (对象、用途等)给 I’m writing a poem for Grandma. between 在……之间(两者) I have to make a choice between the two jobs. 介词 用法 例句 without (宜宾：2023.58) 没有，缺乏 He found the place without difficulty. 不和……在一起；无……相伴 Don’t go without me. 不(做某事)，无 He left without saying anything. with 和……在一起，和，同 He came in with a book in his hand. 有，具有 There is a girl with a red hat under the tree. 介词 用法 例句 with 随着，由于 With the development of the society， people pay more attention to their health. except 除了……之外(没有) We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. as 作为，以……身份 He came to our school as an exchange student. 像，如同，跟……一样 He speaks English as an Englishman. 介词 用法 例句 from (绵阳：2023.41； 宜宾：2024.72) (表示来源)来自 I am from a small town in Guangxi. (表示起始点)从……起；始于 Has the train from Beijing arrived？ (表示所用的原料)由……制成 Wine is made from grapes. like (宜宾：2024.66) 相似，类似，像 She was like a princess in a fairy tale. 介词 用法 例句 like (宜宾：2024.66) 例如，比如 Jane likes many sports， like running and swimming. 像……一样 Let me talk to you like a teacher. of (宜宾：2023.68) ……的 Red is a symbol of luck in China. towards (宜宾：2023.62) 向；朝；对着 He had his back towards me. 综合检测 小题夯基 在空白处填入一个恰当的词。 1. (2024宜宾66题改编)The big train company in China has started setting quiet cars on some train lines， 　 like　the ones from Beijing to Shanghai， Beijing to Guangzhou， and Chengdu to Chongqing. 2. (2024自贡72题改编)All of us were excited about the good news that Shenzhou-18 was sent  　 into　space successfully. 3. (2024成都3题改编)The brain makes up 2% of our body weight but uses about a fifth of the energy we get  　 from　food. like into from 4. (2023宜宾68题改编)The gardening lessons give them a new way  　 of　　learning and help them relax. 5. David develops the habit of keeping a diary  　 in　English to practice his writing skills. 6. Many people are  　 against　building the factory in the city because it’s bad for the environment. 7. My home is not far from my school， so I usually go to school   　 on　foot. 8. If I can cook some simple meals， my parents will not worry  　 about　　me when they are busy with work. of in against on about 9.  　 During　　the holiday， Tony left Sichuan and went to Kunming to enjoy a comfortable summer. 10. It’s difficult to climb this mountain because it is 3，000 meters  　above　　the sea level. During above 语篇提能 Passage 1 My name is Ann. I would like to know what the farm life is like. So I went to Uncle Peter’s farm with my mom 1.  　by　bus last weekend. 2.  　In　the morning， we went to milk the cows. However， I think collecting eggs was hard 3.  　for　us. We hardly found where the hens laid because they had hidden the eggs 4.  　under　something. After lunch， the sheep got out of their fence(栅栏). I was not sure whether I could catch up with them. They ran to the vegetable field. I helped Uncle Peter deal 5.  　with　it. It was really difficult to catch the sheep！ by　 In for under　 with　 Passage 2 [热点·嘉峪关守关人员—李森]Jiayuguan is a well-known place at the western end of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall. What’s more， it was also a key place 1.  　on　the ancient Silk Road. Most foreigners from central and western Asia 2.  　entered　(enter) China from here at that time. on entered　 There are some people playing an important role in 3.  　guarding　(guard) the gate. Among 4.  　them　(they)， the most popular one is Li Sen. He dresses like an ancient general(将军). 5.  　When/If　a visitor comes to pass through the gate， Li will ask about his or her hometown. After getting the answer， he uses 6.  　a　brush to write the ancient name of his or her hometown on a “passport”. Then he signs the name with a seal(印章) produced by himself. guarding　 them　 When/If a Yan Peiyu， a tourist， said， “I was 7.  　surprised　　(surprise) by his ability. When I mentioned where I came from， he 8.  　quickly　(quick) said the city’s ancient name. On the desk in his office， there is a history book and a notebook filled with the details he 9.  　has noted　(note) about historical events so far.” After some of Li’s conversations with 10.  　tourists　(tourist) were shared on the Internet， he became famous one night. “My goal is to bring joy to others and help them get some historical knowledge，” he said. surprised　 quickly　 has noted tourists　 核心语法精讲练 1. 介词与动词的搭配 pay attention to专注(宜宾：2024.23) take off 脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞 (绵阳：2022.25) arrive at/in到达 turn off关掉　　　　　take part in参加 keep in touch with...与……保持联系 第二节 介词短语及固定搭配 （绵阳：2022.25，2023.39，完形填空、语法填空；宜宾：5年4考，完形填空、语法填空、单词填空） dance to music随着音乐跳舞 fall in love with爱上…… borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 help oneself to(sth.) 随便吃/喝…… take the place of代替，取代 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 2. 介词与形容词的搭配 be harmful to对……有害(绵阳：2023.39) be different from与……不同 be good for对……有好处 be famous for因……而著名 be interested in对……感兴趣 be proud of为……骄傲；感到自豪 be friendly to对……友好 be similar to与……相似 be busy with忙于…… be strict with sb.对某人要求严格 be absent from缺席 be late for迟到 be good at擅长于…… be tired of厌倦 be afraid of害怕 be full of充满…… 3. 介词与名词的搭配 (1)in＋n. in fact事实上 in need在困难中 in detail 详细地 in danger处于危险中 in doubt怀疑地 in fear 在恐惧中 in person亲自 in public 公开地 in return作为回报 in silence 沉默；无声地 in surprise吃惊地 in time 及时 in turn 轮流 in trouble处于困境中 (2)at＋n. at home 在家 at school在上课；在上学 at table在用餐 at night在夜晚 at present 现在 at work 上班；在工作 (3)on＋n. on business出差 on board在船/飞机上 on duty 值日 on call随时待命的 on foot 步行 on fire着火；失火 on purpose故意 on holiday度假 on show在展出 on sale出售；降价出售 on time准时 4. 其他常见介词短语 at first首先(宜宾：2023.33，2022.72) instead of代替，而不是(宜宾：2023.24) in other words换句话说 with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 by chance/accident偶然，碰巧 to one’s surprise 让某人惊讶的是 together with和……一起 rather than而不是 in order to为了 such as例如 as usual像往常一样 because of因为 by the way顺便问一下 for example例如 as a result结果 first of all首先 to begin with首先 综合检测 小题夯基 在空白处填入一个恰当的词。 1. (2024眉山57题改编)When you make a banana milk shake， you can use a knife to cut  　 up　the bananas. 2. (2024自贡27题改编)To save energy， don’t forget to turn  　 off　the light before you leave the room. 3. (2024乐山22题改编)How amazing it is！ The Shenzhou ⅩⅧ members raise fish  　 for　the first time in Tiangong space station. up off for 4. (2023广安80改编)Now I can borrow books  　 from　the library in high school. 5. (2023自贡76题改编) Chinese tea makers have developed 6 main kinds  　 of　tea—green， yellow，dark，white， oolong and black teas. from of 6. To finish the project on time， we were divided  　 into　two groups and given different tasks. 7. My mother reminded me that I should arrive  　 at　the station at noon to catch the train. 8. Many animals are  　 in　danger today， and people must take action to save them. into at in 9. When someone is  　 in　need， it’s kind to offer help. 10. Mary usually listens  　 to　music to relax herself when she feels tired. 11. My Grandpa made a wooden horse  　 by　hand for me when I was young， and I like it very much. in to by 12. Teenagers should do something meaningful instead  　of　playing with phones all day. of 语篇提能 Passage 1 外文素材改编自Everybody UP 养成好习惯 I still remember I often left my things behind when I was a little girl.I often couldn’t find my school things. I even lost six pencils 1.  　in　just one day. in To help me get rid of the bad habit， my mother came up 2.  　with　an idea： return the old for a new one. If I couldn’t show her the old one， I needed to give her two yuan. From then on， I really realized that I should take care 3.  　of　my school things. If I lost them， I had to buy them 4.  　from　my mother. At first， it was difficult 5.  　for　me to put my things in the right places. So I began to write some notes as reminders(提醒). Over time， I finally developed a good habit. It is very important for us to form a good habit， because a good habit can benefit us all our lives. with　 of from for Passage 2 [中华优秀传统文化·筷子]We all know that chopsticks are a pair of small equal-length sticks. They are usually made 1.  　of　wood and used for eating Asian food. It is believed that the first chopsticks were 2.  　developed　(develop) in China. Chopsticks play an important role 3.  　in　Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which means heaven (天)， and the other end is square which means earth(地). The appearance (出现) of chopsticks 4.  　said　(say) goodbye to those days when our Chinese ancestors had to use their hands to eat. of　 developed　 in　 said　 Besides， the use of chopsticks has also been5.  　apart of Chinese food culture. There are some 6.  　rules　(rule) that you must pay great attention to when you use chopsticks. Firstly， don’t use them 7.  　t o hit　(hit) your bowl or plate. Secondly， never use them to point at others. Thirdly， don’t put them in different food without 8.  　taking　(take) something. Fourthly， don’t cross the chopsticks on the table. 9. 　Finally　(final)， don’t leave your chopsticks standing in a bowl of rice. Chinese people do this only when they honour the dead. Nowadays， chopsticks have many new usages.10.  　For　example， you can buy some as gifts for your friends and relatives. a rules　 to hit　 taking　 Finally　 For　 $$