Unit 4 第3课时 Grammar（分层作业）英语译林版九年级下册

Unit 4 Life on Mars 第3课时 Grammar 分层练习 一、完成句子 1．Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he caught a bad cold. (改为简单句) Tom didn’t go to school his bad cold. 2．I like singers who wear beautiful dresses. (改为简单句) I like singers beautiful dresses. 3．If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t pass the exams. (改为简单句) I couldn’t pass the exams your help. 4．Mr White began collecting coins when he was fifteen. (改为简单句) Mr White began collecting coins the of fifteen. 5．The house that has a big swimming pool must be expensive.（改为简单句） The house a big swimming pool must be expensive. 6．The story reminded him that his childhood was very happy. (改为简单句) The story reminded him his childhood. 7．Your parents care about you for a simple reason that you are their daughter. (改为简单句) Your parents care about you you are their daughter. 8．当我们陷入麻烦时，我们可以向ChatGPT寻求帮助。 we , we can ask Chat GPT for help. 9．专家正在讨论此项调查是否值得开展。Experts are discussing if the survey . 10．一些城市的污染变得越来越严重。 The pollution is getting in some cities. 二、单项选择 11．The reporter will interview the old man ______ saved seven people in the traffic accident. A．which B．who C．whom D．when 12．—Which is your new English teacher? —The young lady ________ red over there. A．with B．in C．on D．for 13．—We can’t climb the mountains ____ the bad weather. —What a pity ! A．because B．because of C．so D．as 14．I seldom doubt ____________ it is worth ____________ so much time on my hobbies. A．that; to spend B．whether; to spend C．that; spending D．whether; spending 15．The whole family were ________ agreement about what to do next. A．about B．on C．for D．in 三、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Astronauts have already visited the Moon and lived on space stations. They’ve never been to another planet, but they might visit Mars soon. The astronauts will spend about six months traveling to the planet, then about two years on the planet and about six months traveling back to the Earth. They will be away from the Earth for about three years, so they’ll need a lot of food! It’s very expensive to take food into space. It costs about 120,000 dollars to carry something that weighs one kilogram. So an apple on Mars could cost 20,000 dollars! Of course, they will need to take quite a lot of food with them to feed the astronauts for three years. This amount of fresh food can not stay fresh, and is very expensive to take, so they need to find food that is not very heavy. At the moment, astronauts in space stations eat dried food. It’s very light, so it doesn’t cost a lot of money to carry it into space. But astronauts stay healthier and happier if they eat fresh food. In the future, astronauts on Mars may grow vegetables like lettuce, spinach and carrots. Astronauts on Mars will probably have special machines. They will use these machines to change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese. They probably won’t eat real meat or cheese because it won’t be possible to keep animals in space. 16．How long will it take the astronauts to get to Mars? 17．Why do the astronauts take light food to space stations? 18．How can astronauts change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese? 19．What do you think of astronauts’ life on Mars? Why? 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Life on Mars 第3课时 Grammar 分层练习 一、完成句子 1．Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he caught a bad cold. (改为简单句) Tom didn’t go to school his bad cold. 【答案】 because of 【详解】句意：Tom昨天没有去上学因为他得了重感冒。原句是because引导的原因状语从句，可以换成because of加名词短语，故填because；of。 2．I like singers who wear beautiful dresses. (改为简单句) I like singers beautiful dresses. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：我喜欢穿漂亮衣服的歌手。原句为who引导的定语从句，简单句中可以用介词短语替换定语从句，in+衣服“穿着……衣服”，in beautiful dresses“穿着漂亮衣服”，作定语修饰名词singers。故填in。 3．If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t pass the exams. (改为简单句) I couldn’t pass the exams your help. 【答案】without 【详解】句意：如果你不帮助我，我就不能通过考试。根据“didn’t help me”可知，改成简单句应表达为“没有你的帮助”；without表示“没有”。故填without。 4．Mr White began collecting coins when he was fifteen. (改为简单句) Mr White began collecting coins the of fifteen. 【答案】 at age 【详解】句意：怀特先生15岁时开始收集硬币。表示“在……岁时”可用结构at the age of。故填at；age。 5．The house that has a big swimming pool must be expensive.（改为简单句） The house a big swimming pool must be expensive. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：拥有一个大游泳池的房子一定很贵。原句是定语从句，可以使用介词短语“with a big swimming pool ”作为后置定语修饰主语house，故填with。 6．The story reminded him that his childhood was very happy. (改为简单句) The story reminded him his childhood. 【答案】 of happy 【详解】句意：这个故事使他想起他的童年是非常快乐的。原句可表达为“这个故事使他想起了他的非常快乐的童年”，remind sb of sth“让某人想起某事”；happy“幸福的，快乐的”，作定语修饰名词childhood。故填of；happy。 7．Your parents care about you for a simple reason that you are their daughter. (改为简单句) Your parents care about you you are their daughter. 【答案】 simply because 【详解】句意：你父母关心你的原因很简单，你是他们的女儿。此处可以改为because引导的原因状语从句，所给两个空，结合原句，此处使用副词simply“仅仅”修饰从句，进行强调。故填simply；because。 8．当我们陷入麻烦时，我们可以向ChatGPT寻求帮助。 we , we can ask Chat GPT for help. 【答案】 When get into trouble 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“陷入麻烦”对应的英文get into trouble，此句需When“当……时”来引导时间状语从句，因主句中有情态动词can，故从句用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语动词需用原形。故填When；get；into；trouble。 9．专家正在讨论此项调查是否值得开展。 Experts are discussing if the survey . 【答案】is worth carrying out 【详解】对比中英文句子可知，缺少“值得开展”。be worth doing意为“值得做某事”，主语the survey是单数，所以be动词要用单数is；carry out意为“开展”，跟在be worth后面，carry要用carrying。故填is worth carrying out。 10．一些城市的污染变得越来越严重。 The pollution is getting in some cities. 【答案】 worse and worse 【详解】根据汉语和所给的英语提示可知，此处缺少了“越来越严重”的翻译。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，越来越严重：worse and worse。故填worse；and；worse。 二、单项选择 11．The reporter will interview the old man saved seven people in the traffic accident. A．which B．who C．whom D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：记者将采访那位在交通事故中救了七个人的老人。 考查定语从句。which    关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，宾格，谁，指代人，在定语从句中作宾语；when关系副词。根据题干可知，本句的先行词是the old man，指代人，而且在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导，故答案选B。 12．—Which is your new English teacher? —The young lady ________ red over there. A．with B．in C．on D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——哪个是你的新英语老师？——那边那位穿红衣服的年轻女士。 考查介词辨析。with有；in穿着，戴着；on在……上；for为了。根据“The young lady ... red over there.”可知是穿黑色衣服的年轻女士，用介词in。故选B。 13．—We can’t climb the mountains the bad weather. —What a pity ! A．because B．because of C．so D．as 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：——因为天气糟糕，我们不能去爬山了。——多可惜啊！the bad weather是不能爬山的原因，所以选B。 考点：考查连词辨析。 14．I seldom doubt ____________ it is worth ____________ so much time on my hobbies. A．that; to spend B．whether; to spend C．that; spending D．whether; spending 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我很少怀疑在我的爱好上花这么多时间是值得的。 考查宾语从句和非谓语。根据“I seldom doubt”可知，此处表示不怀疑，是确定的，应用that引导宾语从句；be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。故选C。 15．The whole family were ________ agreement about what to do next. A．about B．on C．for D．in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：全家人一致同意下一步怎么办。 A. about关于；B. on在……上；C. for为了；D. in在……里面。短语be in agreement表示同意。根据题意，故选D。 三、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Astronauts have already visited the Moon and lived on space stations. They’ve never been to another planet, but they might visit Mars soon. The astronauts will spend about six months traveling to the planet, then about two years on the planet and about six months traveling back to the Earth. They will be away from the Earth for about three years, so they’ll need a lot of food! It’s very expensive to take food into space. It costs about 120,000 dollars to carry something that weighs one kilogram. So an apple on Mars could cost 20,000 dollars! Of course, they will need to take quite a lot of food with them to feed the astronauts for three years. This amount of fresh food can not stay fresh, and is very expensive to take, so they need to find food that is not very heavy. At the moment, astronauts in space stations eat dried food. It’s very light, so it doesn’t cost a lot of money to carry it into space. But astronauts stay healthier and happier if they eat fresh food. In the future, astronauts on Mars may grow vegetables like lettuce, spinach and carrots. Astronauts on Mars will probably have special machines. They will use these machines to change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese. They probably won’t eat real meat or cheese because it won’t be possible to keep animals in space. 16．How long will it take the astronauts to get to Mars? 17．Why do the astronauts take light food to space stations? 18．How can astronauts change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese? 19．What do you think of astronauts’ life on Mars? Why? 【答案】 16．It will take about six months to get to Mars./About six months. 17．Because it’s very expensive to take food into space and light food doesn’t cost a lot of money to carry. 18．By using special machines. 19．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I think their life is wonderful because they have the chance to explore the unknown world of Mars. 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在火星的生活情况，特别是他们在食物供应和选择方面的挑战与解决方案。 【详解】 16．根据第一段“They’ve never been to another planet, but they might visit Mars soon. The astronauts will spend about six months traveling to the planet, …”可知，宇航员会花费大约六个月的时间到达火星。故填It will take about six months to get to Mars./About six months. 17．根据第三段“At the moment, astronauts in space stations eat dried food. It’s very light, so it doesn’t cost a lot of money to carry it into space.”可知，目前，太空站的宇航员吃干的食物，它很轻；而把食物带到太空很贵，而轻的食物不需要花很多钱携带。故填Because it’s very expensive to take food into space and light food doesn’t cost a lot of money to carry. 18．根据最后一段“Astronauts on Mars will probably have special machines. They will use these machines to change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese.”可知，火星上的宇航员可能会有特殊的机器，他们将使用这些机器将豆子变成味道像肉或奶酪的食物。故填By using special machines. 19．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I think their life is wonderful because they have the chance to explore the unknown world of Mars. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$