第11讲 介词和介词短语-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

第十一讲、介词和介词短语 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 2 考点突破·考法探究 2 考向1 时间介词 2 考向2 表示场所、方向的介词 5 考向3. 易混易错介词的用法辨析 8 （1）表示时间的介词at, on, in 8 （2）表示时间的介词since, for, from... to... 8 （3）表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under 9 （4）表示位置的介词表示方位的介词in, on, to 9 （5）表示动态的介词across, through 9 （6）表示方式的介词by, in, with 10 考向4 介词短语 10 分层训练，巩固提高 11 基础巩固 11 能力提升 21 介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。 中考考向分析： 1.介词辨析； 2. 介词短语辨析。 介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。 常用介词的基本用法 考向1 时间介词 表示＂时间＂的介词如下： ① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on ② 表示时间的前后用before, after ③ 表示期限等用by, until, till ④ 表示期间等用for, during, through ⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since ⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间 at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时 at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后 ►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on） on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天 on time准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 ►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。 in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。 in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年 in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季 in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季 in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上 in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻 ►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 ►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。 ►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词） before在……之前 ►Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。 ►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。 after在……之后 ►Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！ ►Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。 by, until/till by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）…… ►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？ ►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走了。 by the end of在……底（之前） by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前 until/till知道……为止（时间） ►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） ►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。 for, during, through for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。 during 在……期间 through 一直……（从开始到结束） ►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。 ►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。 ►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。 ►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。 ►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。 from, since from从……起（时间） 表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。 ►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。 ►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。 since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续） ►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在） ►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。 in, within in过……后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。 in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后 ►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。 ►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。 within不超过……的范围 within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内 ►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。 考向2 表示场所、方向的介词 （1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past ①at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所） at school上学 at home在家 stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂 at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上 at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁 at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口 at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 ►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 ►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。 ►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 ②on, above, over, under, below on在……上面，有接触面。 on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。 on在……靠近……的地方 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场 on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上 above在……上方 ►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 over在……正上方，是under的反义词 ►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。 ►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。 ►under在……下面；在……之内 under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内 ►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。 ►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 ③near, by near近的，不远的 near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。 in the near future在不久的将来 ►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边 ►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 ④ between, among, around between在两者之间 ►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 ►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 ►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 ►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 ►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 ►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤ in front of，behind，opposite in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 ►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 ⑥ in, into, out of, up in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 ►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。 into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。 ►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 ►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。 out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 ►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。 out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 ►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 ⑦ along, across, past, through along沿着 ►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 across横过 ►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。 past经过 ►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。 through贯穿，通过 ►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。 ►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 ⑧ to, from, for 考向3. 易混易错介词的用法辨析 1）表示时间的介词at, on, in 介词 用 法 示 例 at +某个时刻 at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半 +持续一段时间的节日，表示在期间 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节 +特定时间 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时 on +具体的某一天 on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日 on December 25th 在12月25日 +某一天的上午、下午、傍晚 on Sunday morning 在周日上午 on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午 on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚 in +较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节） in the 21st century 在21世纪 in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年 in May 在五月 in spring 在春天 +泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在傍晚 +一段时间 in a year/month/week 在一年/月/周之中 （2）表示时间的介词since, for, from... to... 介词 用 法 示 例 since +时间点；表示“自从……以来”，通常与完成时连用 She has been in Guangzhou since 2010. 自2010年以来，她一直在广州。 for +一段时间；表示“持续一段时间”，可用于过去时、现在时、将来时、完成时多种时态，谓语动词只能用延续性动词 Jim stayed with us for three days. 吉姆和我们一起住了三天。 She has been in Guangzhou for 10 years. 她已在广州待了10年了。 from... to... 表示“从……到……”，可用于过去时、现在时和将来时 My brother works from Monday to Saturday. 我哥哥从周一到周六上班。 3）表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under 介 词 用 法 示 例 on在……上面 表示一物在另一物上面，两物接触 The pencil-box is on the desk. 笔盒在书桌上。 above在……之上；高于…… 两物不接触，不说明是否垂直 We are flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。 below在……之下；低于…… Don’t write anything below the line. 不要在这条线下面写字。 over在……正上方 两物不接触，是垂直关系 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 under在……正下方 Your football is under the table. 你的足球在桌子下面。 （4）表示方位的介词in, on, to 介词 用 法 示 例 in 表示在某地范围之内 Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东在中国南部。 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤 Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南南边。 to 表示在某地范围之外 Guangdong is to the south of Hubei. 广东在湖北南面。 （5）表示动态的介词across, through 介词 用 法 示 例 across 从表面上穿过；横穿 Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路时要小心。 through 从中间（内部）穿过 The moonlight went through the window into the room. 月光透过窗户照进房间。 （6）表示方式的介词by, in, with 介词 用 法 示 例 by 乘坐交通工具 I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。 通过……方式 You can turn on the machine by pressing this button. 你可以按这个按钮来打开机器。 in 用某种语言或材料 Please say it in English. 请用英文说。 You’d better write the letter in ink. 你最好用钢笔写信。 with 用某种具体的工具或手段 You’d better write the letter with a pen. 你最好用钢笔写信。 We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看东西。 考向4 介词短语 1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后 3 at first 起先，首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时 5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初 7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时 9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容 13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿 15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起 17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离 19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久 21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说 25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止 27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上 30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙 32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快 34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众，公开地 36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面 38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后，终于 40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次 42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿 44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿 46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路 48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面 50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是 基础巩固 1.（2024·北京）The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024. A. at B. on C. to D. in 【答案】B 【解析】句意：嫦娥六号在2024年6月2日成功登上月球背面。 考查介词辨析。at用于具体的时刻前面；on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上；to表示方向或目的地；in用于年、月、季节的前面。根据“June 2, 2024”可知是具体的某一天，因此应用介词on。故选B。 2.(2024·北京平谷·二模）Lily usually gets up late ________ Sunday mornings. A. on B. in C. at D. of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：莉莉星期天早上通常起得很晚。 考查介词。on指具体的某一天和星期几或星期几上午、下午、晚上之前；in用于年月季节之前； at用于具体的某一时刻之前；of用于名词所有格，表示“……的……”。根据“Sunday mornings.”可知是指在星期日上午，故选A。 3.(2024·北京丰台·二模）Paul’s sister is a nurse. She works ________ a hospital. A. with B. on C. of D. in 【答案】D 【解析】句意：保罗的妹妹是护士。她在一家医院工作。 考查介词辨析。with和；on在……上；of……的；in在……里。根据“She works … a hospital.”可知，此处应指她在一家医院里工作。故选D。 4.(2024·北京顺义·二模）My best friend Tina will arrive in Beijing ________ 8 o’clock this Saturday. A. in B. on C. at D. to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我最好的朋友蒂娜将于本周六8点到达北京。 考查介词词义辨析。in在，表示在较长的时间里，如周/月份/季节/年份/世纪等；on在，表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午；at在，表示在某个具体的时刻；to到。根据空后的“8 o’clock”可知，此处表示在某个具体的时刻，应用at。故选C。 5.(2024·北京房山·二模）The school science festival will run from Monday ________ Friday next week. A. with B. at C. to D. of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：学校的科学节将于下周一至周五举行。 考查介词辨析。with和；at在；to到；of关于。根据“The school science festival will run from Monday ... Friday next week.”可知，此处是from...to...结构，意为“从……到……”，故选C。 6.(2024·云南）________ the Spring Festival, lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown. A. Τo B. Above C. Between D. During 【答案】D 【解析】句意：春节期间，在我的家乡几乎到处都可以看到灯笼。 考查介词辨析。to到；above在……之上；between在……之间；during在……期间。根据“the Spring Festival, lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown”可知，在春节期间，几乎到处都可以看到灯笼，故选D。 7.（2024·江苏扬州）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou. A. to B. on C. at D. in 【答案】D 【解析】句意：马可波罗纪念馆位于扬州东关街东端。 考查介词辨析。to到；on在……上面；at在；in在……里面。此处指纪念馆位于扬州……，in Yangzhou“在扬州”，应用介词in。故选D。 8.(2024·山东滨州） —I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years. —Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together. A. in; with B. for; of C. on; in D. from; for 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我非常想念比尔，因为我们已经两年没见面了。——我也是。每当我看到这张照片，都会想起我们一起度过的快乐日子。 考查现在完成时及动词短语。根据“we haven’t seen each other…two years”可知，此处是现在完成时，与“for+一段时间”连用，第一空应填for。第二空考查短语remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。故选B。 9.（2024·山东东营口）Jack: When it thunders (打雷), why do we see lightning (闪电) first, then hear thunder? Tom: Because our eyes are _______ ears. Ha-ha! Just a joke! A. before B. opposite C. between D. beside 【答案】A 【解析】句意：杰克：打雷的时候，为什么我们先看到闪电，然后才听到雷声？汤姆：因为眼睛在耳朵前面。哈哈！开个玩笑！ 考查介词辨析。before在之前；opposite在对面；between在……之间；beside在旁边。根据“Because our eyes are ... ears.”可知，眼睛在耳朵前面，故选A。 10. — Look! There is a hole ________ the wall. The mouse must run away from there. — I think so. If there is not a picture ________ the hole, we can easily see it. A. in; in the front of B. on; in the front of C. in; in front of D. on; in front of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——看！墙上有个洞。老鼠肯定从这里逃跑了。——我也这么想。如果洞前没有图片，我们就可以很容易地看到它。 考查介词及介词短语的用法。in在……里；on在……上；in front of在某空间外部的前面；in the front of在某空间内部的前面。洞在墙内，应用介词in；图片在洞前，应用介词短语in front of。故选C。 11. —Is Jim the best at Maths ________ the six of you? —Yes. That’s why we always go to him when we need help ________ our Maths. A. among; with B. of; in C. among; at D. in; with 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——Jim是你们六个人中最擅长数学的吗？——是的。那就是为什么我们在数学上需要帮助时总去找他。 考查介词辨析。among在（三者或三者以上）之中；of……的；in在……里面；at在；with用。根据“Is Jim the best at Maths...the six of you”可知，表示在六个人之中，用among，排除B、D两项；固定搭配“need help with…”意为“在……方面需要帮助”，第二空用with。故选A。 12. —Do you know why Zhurong was selected ________ the name of the rover? —Because Zhurong is known ________ the god of fire in ancient Chinese myths. China is not shy ________ expressing the good wishes for humankind’s exploration of the universe. A. for, for, at B. as, after, with C. as, as, about D. for, after, about 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你知道为什么选择祝融作为火星车的名字吗？——因为祝融在中国古代神话中以火神著称。中国并不羞于表达对人类探索宇宙的美好祝愿。 考查介词辨析。for为了；at在；after在……之后；with和；about关于。根据“Zhurong was selected ...the name of the rover”可知，“祝融”是被选择作为火星车的名字，排除A、D；根据“Because Zhurong is known ... the god of fire in ancient Chinese myths. ”可知，此处是考查be known as“以……著称”，表示“祝融以火神著称”；be shy about doing sth表示“对做某事心怀顾忌”，是固定短语。故选C。 13. —Did you study any other foreign language ________ English when you were at college? —Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each. A. besides; besides B. besides; except C. but; except D. except; except 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——除英语外，你在大学里还学了其他外语了吗？——是的，我学了三种。但每种除了几个单词外，我都忘记了。 考查介词辨析。besides意为“除……之外（还有）”，表示的是一种累加关系；except意为“除……之外（不再有）”，可以和but互换，表示的是一种排除关系。根据题意，第一个空，除英语外，你在大学里还学了其他外语了吗？即除了英语还有……，英语是包含在内的，所以用besides，排除C、D选项；第二个空，我学了三种，但除了几个单词外，我都忘记了。可知是把“几个单词”排除在外，除了几个单词，不再有……，所以要用but或except，排除A选项。故选B。 14. —When do you go to bed on school days? —I often go to bed ________ 9: 00 ________ the evening. A. on; at B. on; in C. at; in D. at; at 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你上学的时候几点上床睡觉。——我经常在晚上九点上床睡觉。 考查时间介词。on后面加具体的某一天；at后面加具体的时间点；in后面加年、月、季节和泛指的早上、晚上、下午。 第一空后是钟点9: 00，其前介词用at；根据“ ...the evening”可知，此处指“在晚上”，用介词in。故选C。 15. Our family photo is ________ the armchair and it is ________ the wall. A. below; in B. below; on C. above; in D. above; on 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们的全家福在扶手椅的上方，它在墙上。 考查地点介词。below在下方；above在上方；on在上面；in在里面。根据“Our family photo is … the armchair”可知，全家福应挂在扶手椅的上方，并且是在墙的表面，on the wall“在墙上”，故选D。 16. The Whites had a wonderful time ________ their stay in London. A. during B. about C. by D. for 【答案】A 【解析】句意：特一家人在伦敦停留期间玩得很开心。 考查介词辨析。during在……期间；about关于；by通过；for为了。根据“their stay in London.”可知，应是在伦敦期间。故选A。 17. —You are really good at writing. How do you improve it, Mary? —________ keeping a diary every day. A. In B. With C. By D. For 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你很擅长写作。你是怎样提高它的，玛丽？——通过记日记。 考查介词辨析。In在……里面；With和……在一起；带有；使用；By通过……的方式；For为了。根据“keeping a diary”可知，是通过记日记的方式来提高写作，故选C。 18. After school, I always play sports ________ two hours. A. at B. from C. for D. on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：放学后，我总是做两个小时的运动。 考查介词辨析。at其后加点钟；from从；for持续一段时间；on其后加星期等。“two hours”是一段时间，用介词for。故选C。 19. There is a bookshop ________ the park ________ the station. A. across; from B. between; and C. from; to D. next; to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在公园和车站之间有一家书店。 考查介词短语。across from在……对面；between... and...在……和……之间；from... to...从……到……；next to邻近，紧靠。根据“... the park... the station”可知，此处是指书店在公园和车站之间。故选B。 20. You can walk ________ the bridge ________ the river. A. cross ... on B. across ... over C. across ... above D. cross ... through 【答案】B 【解析】句意：您可以从河上走过桥。 考查介词辨析。cross穿过（动词）；on在……之上；across穿过；over在……之上（垂直关系）；above在……之上（不一定垂直）；through穿过。cross是动词，此处walk across是动介结构，across表示从表面穿过，故排除AD。桥和河是垂直关系，所以第二空应填over。故选B。 21. —What did people do when the music started? —The singer began to sing along ______ it and the others began to dance ______ it. A. to; with B. with; with C. to; to D. with; to 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——音乐开始时，人们在做什么？——那位歌手开始和着音乐唱歌，其他人也开始随着音乐起舞。 考查介词辨析。to伴随，随同；with和。it指代上文提到的music，动词短语sing along with the music表示“和着音乐唱歌，随着音乐哼唱”，dance to the music则表示“随着音乐起舞”，也就是在音乐的伴奏下跳舞。故选D。 22. The ending of the story was so surprising and completely went ______ my imagination. A. across B. beyond C. through D. over 【答案】B 【解析】句意：故事的结局是如此令人惊讶，完全超出了我的想象。 考查介词辨析。across穿过；beyond超出；through通过；over多于。由本句的surprising可知，故事的结局是令人惊讶的，超乎想象。故选B。 23. Pandas feed ________ bamboo and the trainer often feeds the panda ________ thirty kilos of bamboo a day. A. on; on B. in; on C. on; for D. with; on 【答案】A 【解析】句意：大熊猫以竹子为食，饲养员通常每天喂大熊猫30千克竹子。根据动词feed的用法可知，“feed on”意为“以……为食”；“feed sb. on sth.”意为“用食物喂养某人或动物”。故选A。 24. ______ many people can use their mobile phones for the latest news at any time, news travels fast all over the world. A. Though B. Because of C. Since D. So 【答案】C 【解析】句意：因为很多人都可以随时用手机获取最新消息，新闻快速传遍全球。 考查词义辨析。Though即使；Because of因为；Since自从，由于；So所以。前后两句为因果关系，“many people can use their mobile phones for the latest news at any time”是完整的一句话，because of其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句，故选C。 25. —Daniel, have you ever heard of Africa’s Great Green Wall? —Yes, it is a project to build an 8000-kilometer-long forest ________ eleven countries in Africa. A. around B. across C. against D. among 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——Daniel，你听说过非洲的绿色长城吗？——是的，这是一个跨越非洲11个国家建设8000公里长的森林的项目。 考查介词辨析。around在周围；across横过，穿过；against反对；among在……其中。根据“build an 8000-kilometer-long forest … eleven countries in Africa”可知，建立一个跨越非洲11个国家森林项目，故选B。 26. It will be cruel ________ you to keep your son from computer games, but it is very necessary ________ him to get rid of the addiction (瘾). A. for; of B. of; for C. of; as D. for; with 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你不让你的儿子玩电脑游戏会很残忍，但对他来说戒除网瘾是非常必要的。 考查介词辨析。for为，为了；of 关于；with和；as 作为。“It is+形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”。这种结构中的形容词常常是easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，quick等，这些形容词常与事物的特征有关。“It is+形容词+of sb.+ to do sth.”表示“某人做某事怎样”。这种结构中的形容词常常是：good，kind，nice，wrong，clever等，这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。第一个空前的形容词 cruel与人的性格特点有关，因此用介词of；第二个空前面的necessary与事物的特征有关，因此用介词for。故选B。 27. There ________ a cat and two birds ________ the tree. A. is; on B. are; under C. are; behind D. is; in 【答案】D 【解析】句意：树上有一只猫和两只鸟。 考查主谓一致及介词辨析。there be句型遵循就近一致原则，与a cat保持一致，be动词用is。on在……上面；under在……下面；behind在……后面；in在……里面。此处用in the tree表示“在树上（外来物）”。故选D。 28. Zhang Songwen’s acting skills in The Knockout are pretty good ______ all praise. A. against B. over C. beyond D. above 【答案】C 【解析】句意：张颂文在《狂飙》中的演技非常好，令人赞不绝口。 考查介词辨析。against反对；over悬在……上面；beyond超出；above在……之上。“beyond”多用于抽象事物在程度方面的“超过”，“acting skills”意为“演技”，属于抽象事物，“all praise”意为“所有的赞美”，此处就是要表达“超出了所有的赞美”，故选C。 29. —When do you usually eat breakfast ________ weekends? —I usually have breakfast ________ eight o’clock. A. in; at B. at; in C. on; at D. at; on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你周末通常什么时候吃早餐？——我通常在八点钟吃早餐。 考查介词辨析。in其后加泛指的早中晚等；at其后加点钟；on其后加星期或具体的时间。on/at weekends“在周末”，“eight o’clock”是时间点，用介词at。故选C。 30. There is a small window ________ the wall. The cat went ________ it and caught the mouse. A. on; across B. in; across C. on; through D. in; through 【答案】D 【解析】句意：墙上有一扇小窗户。猫穿过它抓住了老鼠。 考查介词辨析。on在……上面； in在……里面；across（在表面）穿过；through（在内部）穿过。窗户在墙里面，用介词in；猫从窗户内部穿过，用介词through。故选D。 31. My father has been in Shanghai ________ 10 years ago. A. for B. since C. in D. after 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我父亲在上海已经10年了。 考查介词辨析。for后面加时间段，与现在完成时连用；since“自从……以来”，后加一个过去的时间点，常与现在完成时连用；in+时间段，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时；after+时间点/或时间段，常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。根据“My father has been in Shanghai”可知此句时态为现在完成时，且10 years ago是时间点。故选B。 32. We often talk ________ basketball and watch basketball matches ________ TV. A. about; at B. of; in C. about; on D. to; on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们经常谈论篮球，看电视上的篮球比赛。 考查动词短语辨析和介词辨析。talk about谈论关于；talk of谈到；talk to与……谈话。at在；in在里面；on在上面。根据“We often talk...basketball”可知，是谈论关于篮球，用talk about，排除BD；on TV“在电视上”，固定短语。故选C。 33. It’s bad manners to make fun ________ others when they are ________ trouble. A. of, in B. at, in C. at, on D. of, with 【答案】A 【解析】句意：别人有困难时取笑别人是不礼貌的。 考查介词辨析。of属于……的；in在……里面；at在；with和；on在……上面。make fun of sb“取笑某人”和in trouble“陷入麻烦”，都是固定短语。故选A。 34. Look out! Don’t go ________ a street ________ the traffic(交通). A. across; in front of B. through; after C. cross; before D. through; in front of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：小心！不要在车流前面穿过街道。 考查介词及介词短语辨析。across侧重从平面空间穿过；through侧重从立体空间穿过；street街道是平面空间，应用across，排除B和D。cross表穿过，是动词，不能与go连用，排除C。in front of表示在……前面（在物体范围外的前面）。故选A。 35. We should divide all the potatoes _________ two piles and separate the good ones ________ the bad ones. A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们应该把所有的土豆分成两堆，把好的和坏的分开。 考查介词辨析。from从……起、来自；by通过、被、由；into到……里、深入……之中。三者都是介词。divide...into和separate...from都有“把……分开”的意思，但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。第一个空格是把所有的土豆分成两堆，用into；第二个空格是把好的和坏的分开，用from。故选B。 36. I have other four friends in my class ________ Tom. A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除了汤姆，我在班上还有其他四个朋友。 考查介词辨析。except除……之外，强调所排除的“不包括在内”；besides除……之外（还）；except for除了，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正；beside在……旁边。根据“I have other four friends in my class...Tom.”可知，除了汤姆外，还有四个朋友，此处表示包括在内用besides。故选B。 37. We can go to foreign countries ________ the COVID-19 virus is ________ control. A. unless; under B. if; out of C. unless; out of D. if; under 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果新冠肺炎病毒得到控制，我们可以去国外。 考查条件状语从句和介词辨析。unless除非，引导条件状语从句；under在下面；if如果；out of越出……之外。根据“the COVID-19 virus is…control.”可知，第一个空应该是由if引导的条件状语从句；第二个空是be under control，得到控制。故选D。 38. —Excuse me, how much ________ the jeans made ________ cotton? —Oh, they’re very cheap now. They’re only $25. A. are; of B. are; from C. is; of D. is; from 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——不好意思，请问这条棉制的牛仔裤多少钱？——噢，它们现在很便宜。只要20美元。 考查主谓一致和介词的用法。are是（用于一般现在时，主语是第二人称或复数）；is是（用于一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数）；be made of由……制成的（可见原材料）；be made from由……制成（不可见原材料）。根据“Excuse me, how much...the jeans made...cotton?”和“Oh, they’re very cheap now.”可知，该疑问句用一般现在时，疑问句的主语jeans“牛仔裤”是复数名词，所以第一空是are；牛仔裤中可见原材料棉布，要表示牛仔裤是棉制的，用be made of，所以第二空是of。故选A。 39. —I hear that you watched the film the Battle of Lake Changjin ______ the afternoon ______ National Day, right? —Yes. I was really moved deeply. A. at; on B. on; of C. in; of D. on; on 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我听说国庆节下午你看了电影《长津湖》，是吗？——是的。我真的被深深地感动了。 考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻等；on后接具体某一天等；in后接年、月等；of……的。根据“... the afternoon ... National Day”可知此处指具体的国庆节的下午，用第一空用介词on，“the afternoon of National Day”表示“国庆节的下午”，是名词所有格。故选B。 40. They use the word “night owl” to refer ________ those who stay up late ________ night. A. to; of B. at; for C. at; to D. to; at 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他们用“夜猫子”这个词来指那些熬夜的人。 考查介词辨析。to到；of属于；at在；for对于。根据“those who stay up late…night.”可知，他们用“夜猫子”这个词来指那些熬夜的人，refer to意为“指的是”，因此第一个空用介词to；第二个空指的是“在晚上熬夜”，at night意为“在晚上”，故用介词at。故选D。 能力提升 A 用介词填空 Hi, my name’s Ben. My family, that’s Mum, Dad and me, live in Broome in Western Australia. Western Australia is about 80 times larger than Italy, but only 1.5 million people live there. Broome is a town (1)_____ the north of Western Australia. It has a population (2)_____ about 12,000. It is right on the coast and is known (3)_____ its famous Cable Beach, which is 20km long. We live in the town in a house (4)_____ a large garden. At weekends I often go fishing or swimming (5)_____ my friends or my parents. We drive to Cable Beach and look (6)_____ a quiet place to swim or to fish. We don’t go swimming (7)_____ October to March because there may be box jellyfish(水母) in the water. The box jellyfish is one (8)_____ the most dangerous jellyfish. (9)_____ Australia, they kill up to 65 people a year. If you are attacked (10)_____ one, the best thing to do is to pour vinegar(醋) over the area of your body where you are hurt. That’s why we always take a bottle of vinegar with us. 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________ 【答案】1.in 2.of 3.for 4.with 5.with 6.for 7.from 8.of 9.In 10.by B （24·辽宁）语法填空 Have you heard of wallball? Wallball is a simple sport to play. You only need a ball 31 a wall, so you can play anywhere at any time. As the name shows, wallball is about hitting a small ball against a wall. To do this, keep your hand open and use your palm (手掌) to hit it. Usually, gloves 32 (need), but you can choose not to wear them. You can use either of your 33 (hand) to hit the ball. Two players take turns to hit the ball. One player bounces (弹起) the ball once and hits it against the wall. Then 34 other player hits it back to the wall. If a player fails to hit the ball to the wall before it bounces twice, this player will lose one point. The player that reaches 11, 15 or 21 points first wins the game. Before starting, make sure how many points you want 35 (reach). If you win two games first, you’ll win the match. But if the game score is 1-1, one more game is often played. “Last month, we 36 (have) several matches against other schools. Every match was 37 (exciting) than I thought. I can’t wait for the next year’s match! It makes 38 (I) crazy,” said James, a wallball lover from the UK. More and more people today become interested 39 wallball. Some clubs have built colorful courts (球场). However, you can 40 (certain) set up your own court at home. If you like wallball, get started. 【答案】31. and 32. are needed 33. hands 34. the 35. to reach 36. had 37. more exciting 38. me 39. in 40. certainly C（24·江苏常州）完形填空 With a birthday usually comes a party, as well as a cake, presents and wishes from friends. But beyond these, what does a birthday mean? One year, I spent my birthday alone in a completely new place. Calls and messages poured in as usual. , I was uncertain what to do. I had nowhere to go, nor did I know anyone with whom I could go out and share the of the event. At that moment, my mother called me, asking, “What are you for your birthday?” “I’m not sure, Mum. There’s here,” I said in a low voice. “You don’t always need a lot of people for your birthday. Just follow your heart and make this day yours.” What Mum said made me feel less . Then I picked up a book and lost myself in it, with music on. I did exactly as my mother told me and “my own day”. Unexpectedly, I got connected with my inner self. It was a but satisfying day. I realized for the first time that I had fully grown-from the preschool child who shared chocolate with the whole class on my birthday to someone who could now it with myself. When I lay in bed that night, I remembered my mother’s words. “You came into our lives this day,” she said. Her voice was filled with joy and for the coming of my life. And indeed, that is the true of birthday celebrations-the valuable gift of life itself. I spent a birthday a party. It made me realize the spirit of birthday itself. 11. A. exactly B. highly C. completely D. nearly 12. A. Otherwise B. However C. Instead D. Moreover 13. A. joy B. success C. secret D. luck 14. A. reading B. searching C. planning D. asking 15. A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one 16. A. unhappy B. tired C. impatient D. scared 17. A. shared B. remembered C. enjoyed D. recorded 18. A. hopeful B. painful C. stressful D. peaceful 19. A. understand B. celebrate C. accept D. discuss 20. A. thanks B. regrets C. messages D. excuses 21. A. sign B. art C. meaning D. symbol 22. A. at B. for C. except D. without 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. D 【解析】本文讲述了作者在一个完全陌生的地方独自度过生日，通过母亲的建议，作者度过了一个平静但令人满意的生日，并意识到生日的真正意义。 11. 句意：但除此之外，生日究竟意味着什么呢？ exactly确切地；highly高度地；completely完全地；nearly几乎。根据“what does a birthday… mean”可知，此处指生日究竟意味着什么，故选A。 12. 句意：然而，我不确定该做什么。 Otherwise否则；However然而；Instead相反；Moreover此外。根据“Calls and messages poured in as usual.”和下文“I was uncertain what to do.”可知，尽管电话和信息如往常一样涌入，但我不确定该做什么，故选B。 13. 句意：我无处可去，也没有认识的人可以一起出去分享这件事的快乐。 joy快乐；success成功；secret秘密；luck运气。根据“spent my birthday alone”以及“share the … of the event”可知，生日是一件快乐的事，作者找不到人分享这件事，故选A。 14. 句意：你生日打算做什么？ reading阅读；searching搜索；planning计划；asking询问。根据“What are you…for your birthday”可知，母亲在问作者生日打算做什么，故选C。 15. 句意：这里没有人。 someone某人；everyone每个人；anyone任何人；no one没有人。根据“I had nowhere to go, nor did I know anyone with whom…”可知，作者在一个完全陌生的地方，所以此处指没有人，故选D。 16. 句意：妈妈的话让我感觉不那么不开心了。 unhappy不开心的；tired累的；impatient不耐烦的；scared害怕的。根据“I had nowhere to go, nor did I know anyone with whom I could go out and share the…”可知，在作者生日这一天，没有地方可去，没有人分享快乐，这让作者很不开心，而妈妈的话让作者感觉不那么不开心了，故选A。 17. 句意：我完全按照妈妈告诉我的做了，享受了“我自己的日子”。 shared分享；remembered记得；enjoyed享受；recorded记录。根据“make this day yours”以及“my own day”可知，作者按照妈妈说的做了，享受了自己的日子，故选C。 18. 句意：这是一个平静但令人满意的一天。 hopeful充满希望的；painful痛苦的；stressful有压力的；peaceful平静的。根据“Then I picked up a book and lost myself in it, with music on.”可知，作者度过了一个平静但令人满意的一天，故选D。 19. 句意：我意识到我已经完全长大了——从幼儿园时在生日那天和全班同学分享巧克力的孩子，到现在可以自己庆祝生日的人。 understand理解；celebrate庆祝；accept接受；discuss讨论。根据“on my birthday to someone who could now … it with myself”可知，此处指可以自己庆祝生日，故选B。 20. 句意：她的声音充满了对我生命到来的感激和喜悦。 thanks感谢；regrets遗憾；messages信息；excuses借口。根据“You came into our lives this day”可知，母亲对于作者的出生充满了感激和喜悦，故选A。 21. 句意：这确实是生日庆祝的真正意义——生命本身的宝贵礼物。 sign标志；art艺术；meaning意义；symbol象征。根据“the valuable gift of life itself.”可知，此处指生日庆祝的真正意义，故选C。 22. 句意：我度过了一个没有派对的生日。 at在；for为了；except除了；without没有。根据“Then I picked up a book and lost myself in it, with music on”可知，作者度过了一个没有派对的生日，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十一讲、介词和介词短语 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 2 考点突破·考法探究 2 考向1 时间介词 2 考向2 表示场所、方向的介词 5 考向3. 易混易错介词的用法辨析 8 （1）表示时间的介词at, on, in 8 （2）表示时间的介词since, for, from... to... 8 （3）表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under 9 （4）表示位置的介词表示方位的介词in, on, to 9 （5）表示动态的介词across, through 9 （6）表示方式的介词by, in, with 10 考向4 介词短语 10 分层训练，巩固提高 11 基础巩固 11 能力提升 14 介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。 中考考向分析： 1.介词辨析； 2. 介词短语辨析。 介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。 常用介词的基本用法 考向1 时间介词 表示＂时间＂的介词如下： ① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on ② 表示时间的前后用before, after ③ 表示期限等用by, until, till ④ 表示期间等用for, during, through ⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since ⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间 at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时 at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后 ►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on） on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天 on time准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 ►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。 in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。 in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年 in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季 in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季 in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上 in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻 ►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 ►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。 ►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词） before在……之前 ►Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。 ►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。 after在……之后 ►Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！ ►Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。 by, until/till by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）…… ►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？ ►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走了。 by the end of在……底（之前） by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前 until/till知道……为止（时间） ►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） ►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。 for, during, through for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。 during 在……期间 through 一直……（从开始到结束） ►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。 ►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。 ►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。 ►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。 ►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。 from, since from从……起（时间） 表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。 ►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。 ►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。 since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续） ►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在） ►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。 in, within in过……后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。 in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后 ►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。 ►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。 within不超过……的范围 within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内 ►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。 考向2 表示场所、方向的介词 （1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past ①at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所） at school上学 at home在家 stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂 at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上 at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁 at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口 at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 ►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 ►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。 ►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 ②on, above, over, under, below on在……上面，有接触面。 on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。 on在……靠近……的地方 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场 on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上 above在……上方 ►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 over在……正上方，是under的反义词 ►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。 ►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。 ►under在……下面；在……之内 under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内 ►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。 ►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 ③near, by near近的，不远的 near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。 in the near future在不久的将来 ►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边 ►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 ④ between, among, around between在两者之间 ►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 ►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 ►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 ►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 ►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 ►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤ in front of，behind，opposite in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 ►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 ⑥ in, into, out of, up in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 ►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。 into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。 ►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 ►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。 out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 ►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。 out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 ►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 ⑦ along, across, past, through along沿着 ►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 across横过 ►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。 past经过 ►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。 through贯穿，通过 ►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。 ►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 ⑧ to, from, for 考向3. 易混易错介词的用法辨析 1）表示时间的介词at, on, in 介词 用 法 示 例 at +某个时刻 at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半 +持续一段时间的节日，表示在期间 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节 +特定时间 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时 on +具体的某一天 on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日 on December 25th 在12月25日 +某一天的上午、下午、傍晚 on Sunday morning 在周日上午 on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午 on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚 in +较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节） in the 21st century 在21世纪 in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年 in May 在五月 in spring 在春天 +泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在傍晚 +一段时间 in a year/month/week 在一年/月/周之中 （2）表示时间的介词since, for, from... to... 介词 用 法 示 例 since +时间点；表示“自从……以来”，通常与完成时连用 She has been in Guangzhou since 2010. 自2010年以来，她一直在广州。 for +一段时间；表示“持续一段时间”，可用于过去时、现在时、将来时、完成时多种时态，谓语动词只能用延续性动词 Jim stayed with us for three days. 吉姆和我们一起住了三天。 She has been in Guangzhou for 10 years. 她已在广州待了10年了。 from... to... 表示“从……到……”，可用于过去时、现在时和将来时 My brother works from Monday to Saturday. 我哥哥从周一到周六上班。 3）表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under 介 词 用 法 示 例 on在……上面 表示一物在另一物上面，两物接触 The pencil-box is on the desk. 笔盒在书桌上。 above在……之上；高于…… 两物不接触，不说明是否垂直 We are flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。 below在……之下；低于…… Don’t write anything below the line. 不要在这条线下面写字。 over在……正上方 两物不接触，是垂直关系 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 under在……正下方 Your football is under the table. 你的足球在桌子下面。 （4）表示方位的介词in, on, to 介词 用 法 示 例 in 表示在某地范围之内 Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东在中国南部。 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤 Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南南边。 to 表示在某地范围之外 Guangdong is to the south of Hubei. 广东在湖北南面。 （5）表示动态的介词across, through 介词 用 法 示 例 across 从表面上穿过；横穿 Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路时要小心。 through 从中间（内部）穿过 The moonlight went through the window into the room. 月光透过窗户照进房间。 （6）表示方式的介词by, in, with 介词 用 法 示 例 by 乘坐交通工具 I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。 通过……方式 You can turn on the machine by pressing this button. 你可以按这个按钮来打开机器。 in 用某种语言或材料 Please say it in English. 请用英文说。 You’d better write the letter in ink. 你最好用钢笔写信。 with 用某种具体的工具或手段 You’d better write the letter with a pen. 你最好用钢笔写信。 We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看东西。 考向4 介词短语 1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后 3 at first 起先，首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时 5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初 7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时 9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容 13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿 15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起 17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离 19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久 21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说 25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止 27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上 30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙 32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快 34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众，公开地 36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面 38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后，终于 40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次 42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿 44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿 46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路 48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面 50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是 基础巩固 1.（2024·北京）The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024. A. at B. on C. to D. in 2.(2024·北京平谷·二模）Lily usually gets up late ________ Sunday mornings. A. on B. in C. at D. of 3.(2024·北京丰台·二模）Paul’s sister is a nurse. She works ________ a hospital. A. with B. on C. of D. in 4.(2024·北京顺义·二模）My best friend Tina will arrive in Beijing ________ 8 o’clock this Saturday. A. in B. on C. at D. to 5.(2024·北京房山·二模）The school science festival will run from Monday ________ Friday next week. A. with B. at C. to D. of 6.(2024·云南）________ the Spring Festival, lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown. A. Τo B. Above C. Between D. During 7.（2024·江苏扬州）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou. A. to B. on C. at D. in 8.(2024·山东滨州） —I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years. —Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together. A. in; with B. for; of C. on; in D. from; for 9.（2024·山东东营口）Jack: When it thunders (打雷), why do we see lightning (闪电) first, then hear thunder? Tom: Because our eyes are _______ ears. Ha-ha! Just a joke! A. before B. opposite C. between D. beside 10. — Look! There is a hole ________ the wall. The mouse must run away from there. — I think so. If there is not a picture ________ the hole, we can easily see it. A. in; in the front of B. on; in the front of C. in; in front of D. on; in front of 11. —Is Jim the best at Maths ________ the six of you? —Yes. That’s why we always go to him when we need help ________ our Maths. A. among; with B. of; in C. among; at D. in; with 12. —Do you know why Zhurong was selected ________ the name of the rover? —Because Zhurong is known ________ the god of fire in ancient Chinese myths. China is not shy ________ expressing the good wishes for humankind’s exploration of the universe. A. for, for, at B. as, after, with C. as, as, about D. for, after, about 13. —Did you study any other foreign language ________ English when you were at college? —Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each. A. besides; besides B. besides; except C. but; except D. except; except 14. —When do you go to bed on school days? —I often go to bed ________ 9: 00 ________ the evening. A. on; at B. on; in C. at; in D. at; at 15. Our family photo is ________ the armchair and it is ________ the wall. A. below; in B. below; on C. above; in D. above; on 16. The Whites had a wonderful time ________ their stay in London. A. during B. about C. by D. for 17. —You are really good at writing. How do you improve it, Mary? —________ keeping a diary every day. A. In B. With C. By D. For 18. After school, I always play sports ________ two hours. A. at B. from C. for D. on 19. There is a bookshop ________ the park ________ the station. A. across; from B. between; and C. from; to D. next; to 20. You can walk ________ the bridge ________ the river. A. cross ... on B. across ... over C. across ... above D. cross ... through 21. —What did people do when the music started? —The singer began to sing along ______ it and the others began to dance ______ it. A. to; with B. with; with C. to; to D. with; to 22. The ending of the story was so surprising and completely went ______ my imagination. A. across B. beyond C. through D. over 23. Pandas feed ________ bamboo and the trainer often feeds the panda ________ thirty kilos of bamboo a day. A. on; on B. in; on C. on; for D. with; on 24. ______ many people can use their mobile phones for the latest news at any time, news travels fast all over the world. A. Though B. Because of C. Since D. So 25. —Daniel, have you ever heard of Africa’s Great Green Wall? —Yes, it is a project to build an 8000-kilometer-long forest ________ eleven countries in Africa. A. around B. across C. against D. among 26. It will be cruel ________ you to keep your son from computer games, but it is very necessary ________ him to get rid of the addiction (瘾). A. for; of B. of; for C. of; as D. for; with 27. There ________ a cat and two birds ________ the tree. A. is; on B. are; under C. are; behind D. is; in 28. Zhang Songwen’s acting skills in The Knockout are pretty good ______ all praise. A. against B. over C. beyond D. above 29. —When do you usually eat breakfast ________ weekends? —I usually have breakfast ________ eight o’clock. A. in; at B. at; in C. on; at D. at; on 30. There is a small window ________ the wall. The cat went ________ it and caught the mouse. A. on; across B. in; across C. on; through D. in; through 31. My father has been in Shanghai ________ 10 years ago. A. for B. since C. in D. after 32. We often talk ________ basketball and watch basketball matches ________ TV. A. about; at B. of; in C. about; on D. to; on 33. It’s bad manners to make fun ________ others when they are ________ trouble. A. of, in B. at, in C. at, on D. of, with 34. Look out! Don’t go ________ a street ________ the traffic(交通). A. across; in front of B. through; after C. cross; before D. through; in front of 35. We should divide all the potatoes _________ two piles and separate the good ones ________ the bad ones. A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into 36. I have other four friends in my class ________ Tom. A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside 37. We can go to foreign countries ________ the COVID-19 virus is ________ control. A. unless; under B. if; out of C. unless; out of D. if; under 38. —Excuse me, how much ________ the jeans made ________ cotton? —Oh, they’re very cheap now. They’re only $25. A. are; of B. are; from C. is; of D. is; from 39. —I hear that you watched the film the Battle of Lake Changjin ______ the afternoon ______ National Day, right? —Yes. I was really moved deeply. A. at; on B. on; of C. in; of D. on; on 40. They use the word “night owl” to refer ________ those who stay up late ________ night. A. to; of B. at; for C. at; to D. to; at 能力提升 A 用介词填空 Hi, my name’s Ben. My family, that’s Mum, Dad and me, live in Broome in Western Australia. Western Australia is about 80 times larger than Italy, but only 1.5 million people live there. Broome is a town (1)_____ the north of Western Australia. It has a population (2)_____ about 12,000. It is right on the coast and is known (3)_____ its famous Cable Beach, which is 20km long. We live in the town in a house (4)_____ a large garden. At weekends I often go fishing or swimming (5)_____ my friends or my parents. We drive to Cable Beach and look (6)_____ a quiet place to swim or to fish. We don’t go swimming (7)_____ October to March because there may be box jellyfish(水母) in the water. The box jellyfish is one (8)_____ the most dangerous jellyfish. (9)_____ Australia, they kill up to 65 people a year. If you are attacked (10)_____ one, the best thing to do is to pour vinegar(醋) over the area of your body where you are hurt. That’s why we always take a bottle of vinegar with us. 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________ B （24·辽宁）语法填空 Have you heard of wallball? Wallball is a simple sport to play. You only need a ball 31 a wall, so you can play anywhere at any time. As the name shows, wallball is about hitting a small ball against a wall. To do this, keep your hand open and use your palm (手掌) to hit it. Usually, gloves 32 (need), but you can choose not to wear them. You can use either of your 33 (hand) to hit the ball. Two players take turns to hit the ball. One player bounces (弹起) the ball once and hits it against the wall. Then 34 other player hits it back to the wall. If a player fails to hit the ball to the wall before it bounces twice, this player will lose one point. The player that reaches 11, 15 or 21 points first wins the game. Before starting, make sure how many points you want 35 (reach). If you win two games first, you’ll win the match. But if the game score is 1-1, one more game is often played. “Last month, we 36 (have) several matches against other schools. Every match was 37 (exciting) than I thought. I can’t wait for the next year’s match! It makes 38 (I) crazy,” said James, a wallball lover from the UK. More and more people today become interested 39 wallball. Some clubs have built colorful courts (球场). However, you can 40 (certain) set up your own court at home. If you like wallball, get started. C（24·江苏常州）完形填空 With a birthday usually comes a party, as well as a cake, presents and wishes from friends. But beyond these, what does a birthday mean? One year, I spent my birthday alone in a completely new place. Calls and messages poured in as usual. , I was uncertain what to do. I had nowhere to go, nor did I know anyone with whom I could go out and share the of the event. At that moment, my mother called me, asking, “What are you for your birthday?” “I’m not sure, Mum. There’s here,” I said in a low voice. “You don’t always need a lot of people for your birthday. Just follow your heart and make this day yours.” What Mum said made me feel less . Then I picked up a book and lost myself in it, with music on. I did exactly as my mother told me and “my own day”. Unexpectedly, I got connected with my inner self. It was a but satisfying day. I realized for the first time that I had fully grown-from the preschool child who shared chocolate with the whole class on my birthday to someone who could now it with myself. When I lay in bed that night, I remembered my mother’s words. “You came into our lives this day,” she said. Her voice was filled with joy and for the coming of my life. And indeed, that is the true of birthday celebrations-the valuable gift of life itself. I spent a birthday a party. It made me realize the spirit of birthday itself. 11. A. exactly B. highly C. completely D. nearly 12. A. Otherwise B. However C. Instead D. Moreover 13. A. joy B. success C. secret D. luck 14. A. reading B. searching C. planning D. asking 15. A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one 16. A. unhappy B. tired C. impatient D. scared 17. A. shared B. remembered C. enjoyed D. recorded 18. A. hopeful B. painful C. stressful D. peaceful 19. A. understand B. celebrate C. accept D. discuss 20. A. thanks B. regrets C. messages D. excuses 21. A. sign B. art C. meaning D. symbol 22. A. at B. for C. except D. without 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$