第10讲 代词和数词-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

第十讲、代词和数词 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 4 代词 4 一、人称代词 4 二、物主代词 4 三、反身代词 5 四、 指示代词 5 五、不定代词 6 数词 9 一、基数词 9 二、序数词 10 三、数词的运用 10 四、数词几种常见考点 11 分层训练·巩固提升 11 基础巩固 11 能力提升 26 代词 代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分，近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上，所考题量占所考代词的 60% 以上。试题注重语境和情境，要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。 我们可以得知中考对于代词的语法能力考察集中于以下六点： （1）人称代词 （2）物主代词 （3）指示代词 （4）反身代词 （5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词 考点分析：中考对于代词的考察要求考生们： （1）掌握了解代词的定义； （2）辨析代词的种类； （3）掌握代词的用法，尤其是人称代词（主格、宾格）与物主代词（形容词性、名词性）的用法； （4）掌握一些特殊代词、不定代词的用法，并能熟练运用。 数词 表示数量多少或顺序先后的词称为数词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示数目“多少”；序数词表示数目的顺序“第几”。考查重点：日期的表达方法；某些数词的特殊表达形式；数词单位hundred, thousand, million的用法。 考向分析：中考对于数词的考察要求考生们： （1）要求考生会听说读写基数词1-20（21-60要求会听会选）、四季，一周七天，年月日，这类会频繁出现于听力题的考题中。 （2）掌握序数词的构成及特殊形式的序数词，了解并能够运用数词的其他用法。 （3）了解时间的读法。 代词 一、人称代词 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 主格 I　 we　 you　 you　 he　 she　 　it they　 宾格 me　 us　 you　 you　 him　 her　 it　 them　 二、物主代词 物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 形容词性 my　 our　 your　 your　 his　 her　 its　 their　 名词性 mine　 ours　 yours　 yours　 his　 hers　 its　 theirs　 注意： 1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格，作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。 如：He goes to school on foot. He told me that he would go there. Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her. 2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。 如：— Who is knocking at the door? — It’s me, Tom. 3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语，修饰名词。 如：They are doing their homework. 4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。 如：— Whose book is this? — It’s mine. Yours is under the table. I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours. 三、反身代词 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己 myself　 ourselves　 yourself　 yourselves　 himself　 herself　 itself　 themselves　 1）作宾语，表示反身代词与主语是同一人。 The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小，不能照顾自己。 Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。 （2）作表语，常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后，用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。 He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。 I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。 （3）作同位语，表示强调，译成“亲自”“本人”。 You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。 I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。 （4）用于固定搭配中。 by oneself独自；单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服 enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃…… 四、 指示代词 1. 定义：表示＂这个＂＂那个＂＂这些＂＂那些＂等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。 单数 复数 含义 this 这个 these这此 指较近的人或物 that那个 those那些 指较远的人或物 （1）可作主语、宾语、表语。 This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。 Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。 I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些，她喜欢那些。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 （2）为避免重复，可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。 The population of China is much larger than that of America. 中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population) （3）在打电话时，通常用this指自己，用that指对方。 — Hello! Who is that? 你好，请问是哪位？ 五、不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 1. 不定代词的句法功能 不定代词 成分 all，both，each，neither，either，much，little，many，few，other，some，any，one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 everyone，everybody，everything，someone， somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，no one，nobody，nothing，none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语 every，no 在句中只能作定语 1. 不定代词的基本语法 （1）some、any的用法 不定代词 用 法 示 例 some ① 用于肯定句中，意为“一些人/事”，指代复数名词或不可数名词 Some are teachers; some are students. 有些人是老师，有些人是学生。 Here is some of their advice. 这是他们的一些建议。 ② 用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答 The cake tastes good. Would you like some? 这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗？ any ① 多用于否定句、疑问句中，意为“任何数量；任何一些”，指代复数名词或不可数名词 I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop? 我需要一些科学书，书店里有吗？Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。 ② 用于肯定句中，表示“任一” I have three dictionaries. You may use any. 我有三本词典，你随便用哪一本都可以。 （2）few，a few，little，a little的用法 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little虽少，但有一点 表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么 （3）other，the other，others，the others，another的用法 用法 例句 other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some... others＂结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于＂one... the other...＂结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个)，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂ You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗? （4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法 不定代词 含 义 作主语时谓语动词的数 示 例 both 两者都 复数 Both of us are interested in the film. 我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。 either 两者中的任何一个 单数 Does either of you know Mr Li? 你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗？ neither 两者都不 单数 Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。 all 三者（或以上）都 复数 All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。 any 三者（或以上）中的任何一个 单数 You can read any of these books. 你可以读这些书中的任何一本。 none 三者（或以上）都不 单数/复数 None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。 （5）复合不定代词的用法 由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词，如something，everybody，anyone，nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。 用法 例句 复合不定代词一般用作单数，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语) Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语) Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语) 复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。 由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似，而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时，常表示＂无论什么东西，随便什么东西/事情＂ There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。 Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？ （6）each和every 不定代词 用 法 示 例 each 指两者或两者以上中的每一个，强调个体；可与of连用 We each have a new schoolbag. = Each of us has a new schoolbag. 我们每人有一个新书包。 every 只作形容词，不单独使用；指三者或以上的整体中的每一个，侧重于整体；不可直接与of连用 She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。 Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。 （7）疑问代词 who 谁(主格) whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的(所有格) what 什么(人、物) which 哪一个、哪些(人、物) 数词 一、基数词 基数词的写法或读法 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 0 zero 1 one 11 eleven 100 one hundred 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1,000 one thousand 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 one million 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 one hundred million 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 one billion 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 1. 基数词的写法或读法 二、序数词 表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等 阿拉伯数字 基数词 序数词 序数词缩写 1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd 5 five fifth 5th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th 12 twelve twelfth 12th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd 23 twenty-three twenty-third 23rd 三、数词的运用 数词下面几种用法 1.表示事物的编号，用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如： Room 308 308房 the fifth floor 五楼 2.表示年月日，“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词。如： 1 October, 1949 1949年10月1日 3.表示时间，用基数词。如： 2∶10 two ten 3∶30 three thirty / half past three 4.表示百分数，用基数词。如： 80% eighty per cent 33% thirty-three per cent 5.表示小数，用基数词。如： 0.24 (zero) point two four 10.75 ten point seventy-five 6.表示电话号码，用基数词。如： 8370 9295 eight three seven o, nine two nine five 7.表示年龄，用基数词。表示第几个生日，用序数词。如： Tom is five (years old). 汤姆五岁了。 8.表示分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数。1 / 5 one fifth 2/5 two-fifths 四、数词几种常见考点 (1) hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具体数字或several时，用单数形式，但表示不确切的数目时，用hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等。 如：There are four hundred pupils in the primary school. Hundreds of people get together at the station. (2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词，该名词用单数形式。 如：a seven-day holiday, an 8-metre-long stick (3) 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数形式。 如：one third(三分之一)， three fifths(五分之三) 基础巩固 1.(2024·北京平谷·二模）—Peter, is this your new bike? —No, the black one under the tree is ________. A. me B. I C. my D. mine 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——彼得，这是你的新自行车吗？——不是，树下的那辆黑色的是我的。 考查代词辨析。me我，宾格；I我，主格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据“the black one under the tree is”可知树下的那辆黑色自行车是我的，空后无名词，此处用名词性物主代词。故选D。 2.(2024·北京大兴·二模）My sister is good at history. ________ knowledge of the subject is very rich. A. Her B. His C. Their D. Your 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我的姐姐擅长历史。她对这个科目的知识非常丰富。 考查代词辨析。her她的；his他的；their他们的；your你的。根据“My sister”可知，此处应用表示女性的代词。故选A。 3.(2024·北京顺义·二模）Our parents help and support us a lot, so we should be thankful to ________. A. him B. her C. you D. them 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们的父母帮助和支持我们很多，所以我们应该感谢他们。 考查代词词义辨析。him他；her她；you你；them他们。根据“Our parents help and support us a lot”可知，此处指感谢我们的父母，所以应用them。故选D。 4.(2024·北京房山·二模）Mary and Mike have the same reading habit. ________ go to the Reading Corner twice a week. A. They B. I C. We D. You 【答案】A 【解析】句意：玛丽和迈克有同样的阅读习惯。他们每周去两次雷丁角。 考查代词辨析。They他们；I我；We我们；You你，你们。根据“Mary and Mike have the same reading habit. ... go to the Reading Corner twice a week.”可知，此处指“Mary and Mike”二人，故选A。 5.(2024·北京朝阳·二模）My sister loves science. ________ dream is to become a scientist. A. Her B. His C. My D. Your 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我妹妹喜欢科学。她的梦想是成为一名科学家。 考查代词辨析。Her她的；His他的；My我的；Your你的。根据“My sister loves science.”以及“dream is to become a scientist.”可知，应该说“她的”梦想是成为一名科学家。故选A。 6.(2024·北京海淀·二模）My sister likes watching movies and ________ favorite movie is Mulan. A. her B. his C. their D. your 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我妹妹喜欢看电影，她最喜欢的电影是《花木兰》。 考查形容词性物主代词。her她的；his他的；their他们的；your你的。此处代指“我妹妹的”，用物主代词her，故选A。 7.(2024·武汉）—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays. —Yeah, that’s because ________ can give people a big laugh. A．all B．none C．both D．neither 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——现在越来越多的青少年对相声和小品产生了兴趣。——是的，那是因为两者都能让人开怀大笑。 考查代词辨析。all全都；none全都不；both两者都；neither都不。根据“Xiangsheng and Xiaopin”可知相声和小品都可以让人大笑，用both表示“两者都”。故选C。 8.(2024·天津）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。 考查代词辨析。my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；me我，宾格。第一处作定语修饰parents，用形容词性物主代词；第二处主语和宾语是同一人，所以是“照顾自己”，用反身代词。故选A。 9.(2024·江西）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success. —OK, I will. A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——玛丽亚，你应该相信自己。这就是成功的秘诀。——好的，我会的。 考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourself你自己；herself她自己；himself他自己。此处是对玛丽亚说，你应该相信你自己，故用反身代词yourself。故选B。 10.(2024·江苏苏州）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 【答案】A 【解析】句意：小玛丽为自己感到骄傲，因为她教李叔叔如何在网上借书。 考查代词辨析。herself她自己；hers她的；she她；her她/她的。根据“Little Mary was proud of …because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.”可知，此处指为她自己感到骄傲，故选A。 11.(2024·江苏扬州）“What’s that?” is ________ of the first things that children say. A．some B．each C．one D．that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“那是什么？”这是孩子们说的第一句话。 考查代词辨析。some一些；each每个；one一；that那。“What’s that?”是孩子们说的一句话，one of the+名词复数，表“……之一”。故选C。 12.(2024·山东滨州） —I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao. —Yes, _________ could say no to it there. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我听说巴黎的人们排着长队买中国的小笼包。——是的，那里没有人能拒绝它。 考查代词辨析。everybody每个人；nobody没有人；somebody某人；anybody任何人。根据“people in Paris stood in a long line”可知，巴黎的人们排长队买小笼包，故可知没有人能够拒绝小笼包。故选B。 13. —Are those books________? —No, they are not mine. They belong to________. A. yours；he B. yours；his C. yours；him D. your, he 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——那些书是你的吗？——不, 它们不是我的。它们属于他。 考查名词性物主代词和人称代词宾格。yours你的，名词性物主代词；he他，人称代词主格； yours你的；his他的，物主代词；yours你的；him他，人称代词宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词, he他，人称代词主格。第一空后没有宾语，所填物主代词具有名词性特点，故填yours;第二空在短语“belong to sb.”属于某人，此处“to”是介词，后接人称代词宾格，故填him。故选C。 14. —Who are______, Jimmy?   —My grandparents. And I love _______very much (非常). A. they; they B. them; them C. they; them D. them; they 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——吉米，他们是谁？——我的祖父母。我非常爱他们。 考查代词的用法。they，他们，主格代词，作主语；them，他们，宾格代词，作宾语。根据句子结构，空一作主语，应是they；空二作谓语动词love的宾格，应是them。故选C。 15. These are________ e-dogs. Please give ________ to ________. A. their, it, them B. her, them, hers C. his, it, him D. my, them, me 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这些是我的电子狗。请把它们给我。 考查形容词性的物主代词和宾格代词。第一个空用形容词性的物主代词，修饰后面的名词e-dogs；动词give后面跟人称代词的宾格形式，且前面的名词是复数e-dogs，所以用them来代替e-dogs，故排除A/C；此处的to是介词，后面跟人称代词宾格；me是人称代词宾格，hers是名词性物主代词。故选D。 16. Nancy’s ______ most successful moment came in ______ forties. A. /; her B. the; her C. the; hers D. /; hers 【答案】A 【解析】句意：南希最成功的时刻是在她四十多岁的时候。 考查零冠词和年龄表达法。第一空根据“Nancy’s”可知，此处是名词所有格，形容词最高级前有名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不用加the。因此第一空不填；第二空是年龄表达法，“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十岁时”，one’s是形容词性物主代词，因此是her。故选A。 17. When you find _____ in a dangerous situation, right decisions will make ______ possible for you to get out of danger. A. you; it B. you; it’s C. yourself; it D. yourself; it’s 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当你发现自己处于危险的境地时，正确的决定将使你有可能脱离危险。 考查代词和it作形式宾语。you你；yourself你自己；it它，可作形式宾语或形式主语；it’s它是。根据“When you find...in a dangerous situation”可知，此处表示当你发现你自己处于危险的境地时，“你自己”应用反身代词yourself，故排除选项A和B。根据“right decisions will make...possible for you to get out of danger”可知，make it possible for sb to do sth.“使某人有可能做某事”，此时it为形式宾语，动词不定式短语为句子真正的宾语。故选C。 18. Don’t touch the machine, children, or you may hurt ________. A. yourself B. myself C. themselves D. yourselves 【答案】D 【解析】句意：孩子们，不要碰机器，否则你们会受伤的。 考查反身代词。yourself你自己；myself我自己；themselves他们自己；yourselves你们自己。由前面的提示词children及后面的you判断，这里需用复数的反身代词yourselves。故选D。 19. I advise you not to show ________ on the WeChat because it may cause trouble. A. anything personal B. personal anything C. something personal D. personal something 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我建议你不要在微信上显示任何私人东西，因为这可能会引起麻烦。 考查形容词的位置以及复合不定代词的用法。something某事，常用于肯定句；anything任何事，常用于否定句和疑问句。此句是否定句，所以应用anything。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应放在其后，故选A。 20. —Which shirt would you like, the white one or the black one? —________. They are too expensive for me. I’ll take the blue one. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢哪件衬衫，白色的还是黑色的？——都不喜欢。它们对我来说太贵了。我要那件蓝色的。 考查代词辨析。both都；all都；neither都不；either任何一个。根据“They are too expensive for me. I’ll take the blue one”可知，这两个都太贵了，所以都不需要，故选C。 21. Different people have different hobbies. Some like reading books, and ________ like drawing pictures. A. the other B. others C. another D. the others 【答案】B 【解析】句意：不同的人有不同的爱好。有些人喜欢读书，有些人喜欢画画。 考查代词辨析。the other另一个；others其他人；another另一个；the others其余的。根据“Some like reading books, and...”可知，本题考查some…others...“一些……其他的……”。故选B。 22. —My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that. —Don’t worry. Just make sure you do your best. Then you can be ________ you want! A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我父母想让我成为一名医生，但我对此还不确定。——别担心。只要保证尽力就行。那么你就可以成为任何你想成为的人！ 考查复合不定代词用法。anything任何事物；something某事，某物；nothing没有什么；everything每件事情。根据“Don’t worry. Just make sure you do your best. Then you can be...you want!”可知只要确保你做到最好。那么你就可以成为任何你想成为的人！“任何事物”用“anything”。故选A。 23. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than  ________ made in America. A. ones B. those C. that D. it 【答案】B 【解析】句意：日本制造的汽车比美国制造的便宜得多。 考查不定代词。ones替代表示泛指的复数名词；those那些，替代表示同类事物的复数名词；that那，替代表示同类事物的单数名词；it它，替代上文提到的同名同物。根据“The cars made in Japan”可知，空处是指“美国生产的车”，替代同类事物，且是复数名词，用those。故选B。 24. —Is your friend Amy still in America? —I don’t know. I have ______ information about her because we haven’t seen each other for ______ years. A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你的朋友艾米仍然在美国吗？ ——我不知道。我没有她的什么信息，因为我们有一些年没见面了。 考查代词辨析。a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；little很少，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词复数。第一空，根据前文“I don’t know.”可知，此处表示没有消息，且空后“information”是不可数名词，所以用此处用little；第二个空，根据“haven’t seen each other for … years”可知，此处是有几年没见面了，且空后“years”是可数名词复数，应用a few。故选B。 25. Though it was raining hard outside, we could see ________ people in the street. A. few B. a few C. a little D. little 【答案】B 【解析】句意：虽然外面雨下得很大，但我们仍能看到街上有几个人。 考查形容词辨析。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数形式；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数形式；a little一点儿，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。people是可数名词，所以排除C、D；根据“Though it was raining hard outside, we could see ... people in the street.”可知，前后是转折关系，所以应是虽然下大雨，但还是能看到一些人，故选B。 26. —It snows hard this morning. Is everyone here today? —Yes, ________ of us is late for school. A. either B. both C. none D. neither 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——今天早上雪下得很大。今天大家都来了吗？ ——是的，我们谁也没有迟到。 考查不定代词词义辨析。either指两者中的任何一个；both二者都；none指三者及以上都不；neither指两者都不。根据“Is everyone here today?”和答语“Yes”可知，班里所有人都没迟到。故选C。 27. —Which do you prefer, juice or tea? —________ is OK. I don’t care. A. All B. Either C. Neither D. Both 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你喜欢喝果汁还是茶？——任意一种都可以。我不在乎。 考查代词。All 所有的，指代三者及以上的事物；Either表示两者中任何一个； Neither两者都不；Both两者都。根据上文“juice or tea”两者之间选择，可知排除A；根据空格后的is是单数形式，可排除D；根据答语“I don’t care.”，可知任何一种饮料都可以，所以either符合语境。故选B。 28. —Daniel, could you please help me open the box? —I’d like to, but I have a bag of fruit in my left hand, and two bags of vegetables in my ________ hand. A. the other B. another C. others D. other 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——丹尼尔，你能帮我打开盒子吗？——我想，但我左手拿着一袋水果，另一只手拿着两袋蔬菜。 考查代词辨析。the other两者中的另一个；another多者中的另一个；others其他人或物；other其他的。根据“I have a bag of fruit in my left hand, and two bags of vegetables in my...hand”可知此处指两只手中的另外一只手，此处空格前有形容词性物主代词，用other。故选D。 29. The twin sisters were very tired on their way home, but ________ of them would stop for a rest. A. either B. neither C. none D. both 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这两个双胞胎姐妹在回家的路上非常疲惫，但是她们没有人停下来休息。 考查不定代词辨析。either任何一个（两者之间）；neither都不（两者之间）；none都不（三者以上）；both都（两者之间）。根据前文the twin sisters，双胞胎是两个人，排除C选项。but表转折关系，根据前文The twin sisters were very tired on their way home“这两个双胞胎姐妹在回家的路上非常疲惫”，可知，虽然很累，但是没人停下来休息，所以空格处填neither。故选B。 30. —Is this new book ________? —No, ________ is old. A. your; my B. hers; her C. yours; mine D. his; my 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这本新书是你的吗？——不是，我的是旧的。 考查代词辨析。your你的/你们的，形容词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；her她的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的/你们的，名词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；his他的，形容词性/名词性物主代词。分析句子可知，前空作表语，后空作主语；两个空的后面都没有名词，需用名词性物主代词，故选C。 31. People always say ________ is impossible if we work hard. So I dream of having ________ better grade in the coming exam. A. nothing; the B. anything; the C. nothing; a D. everything; a 【答案】C 【解析】句意：人们总是说，只要努力，没有什么是不可能的。所以我梦想在即将到来的考试中取得更好的成绩。 考查代词辨析和冠词的用法。nothing无事；anything任何事。根据“People always say...is impossible if we work hard.”可知，只要努力，没什么不可能，用nothing。第二处泛指一个更好的成绩，用不定冠词。故选C。 32. —Tell me, Grandma. ________ is your favourite person in the whole wide world? —That’s easy! It’s you! A. What B. Who C. How D. Whom 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——爷爷，告诉我，全世界你最喜欢的人是谁？——这很简单。是你！ 考查特殊疑问词。What什么；Who谁；How怎样；Whom谁。根据“It’s you”可知上文询问人，且疑问词在句中作主语，用疑问代词who。故选B。 33. ________ is our duty to make our country better and stronger. A. It B. This C. That D. One 【答案】A 【解析】句意：让我们国家变得更好、更强大是我们的责任。 考查it作形式主语。固定句型it’s+形容词/名词 (for sb.) to do sth.“做……对某人来说……”。“duty”是名词，“to make our country better and stronger.”是真正的主语，it的句中作形式主语。故选A。 34. —Ms. Walker, thank you for making me feel like I am ________. —I’m glad you become confident now. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——沃克女士，谢谢你让我觉得自己很了不起。——我很高兴你现在变得自信了。 考查不定代词。everybody每个人；nobody没有人；somebody重要人物；anybody任何人。根据下文“I’m glad you become confident now”可知，此处指的是感觉自己很了不起。故选C。 35. There isn’t ________ in the classroom. All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.（2022年江苏） A somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 【答案】B 【解析】句意：教室里一个人也没有。所有的学生都在操场上体育课。 考查复合不定代词辨析。somebody某人；anybody任何人；nobody没有人；everybody每个人。根据“All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.”可知，教室里没有人，此处是否定句，故选B。 36. —I have ________ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble. —Yes, they’re well worth praising. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我对警察只有赞扬，因为他们经常帮助人们摆脱困境。 ——是的，他们值得称赞。 考查复合不定代词辨析。everything每件事；nothing无事；anything任何事；something某事。根据“I have...but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.”可知，对警察只有赞扬，没有其他，故选B。 37. In our school, ________ students like English, but ________ of them can speak it smoothly (流利地). A. a little; a few B. a few; few C. a few; little D. a little; few 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在我们学校，少数学生喜欢英语，但很少有人能流利地说英语。 考查词汇辨析，few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义“没有，几乎没有”，a few表示有肯定意思“有几个”；little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思“没有，几乎没有”，a little 表示肯定意思“有一点儿”；students复数，可知第一空应该用a few；再根据“but”表转折，可知应该是很少有人能流利地说英语，用few，故选B。 38. Look at the sign, please. You can park your car on ________ side of the street. A. both B. other C. either D. all 【答案】C 【解析】句意：请看这个标志。你可以把车停在街道的任意一边。 考查不定代词。both两者都；other其他的；either二者之一；all三者及以上全都。街道有两边，根据“side”可知，此处表示单数，用either。故选C。 39. The gravity on Mars is only about there eighths of ________ on the Earth. A. that B. those C. one D. ones 【答案】A 【解析】句意：火星的引力只有地球的八分之一。 考查代词辨析。that特指的名词与前面的名词只是同一类，但并非同一个，即同名异物，相当于the+名词；those是that的复数形式，只能代替可数名词复数；one泛指与前面的名词同类的另一事物，即同名异物，相当于a/an+名词；ones是one的复数形式。本句中“The gravity”是单数形式，且是“the+名词”结构，故代词应用that。故选A。 40. —Is ________ here? —Yes. We are all ready. A. somebody B. neither C. everybody D. none 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——大家都到齐了吗？——是的。我们都准备好了。 考查复合不定代词。somebody某人；neither两者都不；everybody每个人；none没有；根据“Yes. We are all ready.”及语境可知，此处是问“每个人都到了吗”，故选C。 41. —Four children were walking under a small umbrella. ________of them got wet. Can you guess why? —Because it was not raining! A. All B. None C. Most D. Some 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——四个孩子在一把小伞下走着。他们都没有淋湿。你能猜到原因吗？——因为没有下雨！ 考查代词辨析。All都；None一个也没有；Most大部分；Some一些。根据“of them got wet”及“Because it was not raining”可知，因为没有下雨，所以这四个人都没有被淋湿，故选B。 42. — There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite? — Green tea, I guess. I’ve tried black tea, green tea and so on, and ________ of them have their special tastes. A. all B. both C. none D. neither 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——中国主要有六种茶。你最喜欢哪一个？——我想是绿茶。我试过红茶、绿茶等等，它们都有自己的独特口味。 考查代词辨析。all都（三者或三者以上）；both都（两者）；none都不（三者或三者以上）；neither都不（两者）。根据“black tea, green tea and so on”可知，指三者以上的，排除B和D选项。此处是评价尝过的茶叶都有自己独特的味道，故选A。 43. There are ________ students in our school, but only ________ of them are girls. A. hundreds of; two hundred B. hundred of; two hundreds C. hundreds of; two hundreds D. hundred of; two hundred 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们学校有数百学生，但是只有两百个是女生。 考查数词用法。hundreds of“数以百计的”；two后hundred用原形。故选A。 44. I have ________ classes in the morning, and the ________ class is Chinese. A. fourth; third B. four; three C. third; fourth D. four; third 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我上午有四节课，第三节课是中文课。 考查基数词和序数词。four四，基数词；three三，基数词；fourth第四，序数词；third第三，序数词。第一空表示课程的数量应用基数词four；第二空前有定冠词the修饰，应用序数词third“第三”表示顺序。故选D。 45. It’s October 10th. Lucy is ________ years old now. Today is her ________ birthday. A. twelve；twelfth B. twelfth；twelve C. twelve；twelve D. twelfth；twelfth 【答案】A 【解析】句意：今天是十月十日。露西现在十二岁了。今天是她十二岁生日。 考查数词。twelve十二，基数词；twelfth第十二，序数词。根据“years old”可知，空一处用基数词，表示12岁了；根据“birthday”可知，空二处用序数词，表示她的12岁生日。故选A。 46. I’m 14 ________. And he is a ________ boy. A. year old, 15 years old B. year-old, 15 year-old C. years old, 15 years old D. years old, 15-year-old 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我14岁。他是一个15岁的男孩。 考查年龄表达。years old“……岁”。14 years old表示“14岁”；15-year-old表示“15岁的”，作定语修饰空后名词boy。故选D。 47. About _______ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们学校图书馆大约五分之四的书是用中文写的。 考查分数表达。分子基数词，分母序数词，当分子大于一时，分母序数词用复数，four-fifths“五分之四”，。故选B。 48. Excuse me, I have ________ questions to ask. A. two more B. more two C. another D. the others 【答案】A 【解析】句意：打扰了，我还要问两个问题。 考查代词辨析。two more再加两个；more two表达不正确；another另一个；the others其他。由“I have … questions to ask”可知，此处表示再问两个问题，用two more或another two。故选A。 49. —What class are you in? —I’m in ________. A. Grade Seven, Class Two B. grade seven, class two C. Class Two, Grade Seven D. class two, grade seven 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你在哪个班？——我在七年级二班。 考查编号的表达。表示“几年级几班”，用“Class+几班，Grade+几年级”，班级在前；表示“七年级二班”则是Class Two, Grade Seven。故选C。 50. —Dr. Bethune (白求恩) helped lots of Chinese ________. He was a great doctor. —So people in both China and Canada still remember him now. A. in the 1930 B. in 1930 C. in the 1930s D. in his 1930s 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——白求恩医生在20世纪30年代帮助了很多中国人。他是一位伟大的医生。——所以，中国人民和加拿大人民至今还记得他。 考查年份的表达。根据固定搭配“in+ the+逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在多少世纪多少年代”可知，选项C正确。故选C。 51. Half-time is a ________ period for players ________. A. ten-minute; to rest B. ten-minute; resting C. ten minutes’; to rest D. ten minutes’; resting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：中场休息时间对于球员来说就是可以休息的十分钟时间。 考查基数词和非谓语动词。基数词+连字符+名词单数，相当于形容词，修饰名词，题中第一空，“十分钟时间”的意思，有两种表达方式：a ten-minute period；ten minutes’ period；第二空，根据题干可知用动词不定式作后置定语修饰“period”，应填to rest，故选A。 52. —How do you say “9:50” in English? —It’s “________”. A. ten past nine B. ten to ten C. ten to nine D. fifty past nine 【答案】B 【解析】句意： ——“9:50”用英语怎么说？——是“ten to ten”。 考查时间表达。ten past nine九点十分；ten to ten九点五十；ten to nine八点五十。9:50的英文表达是“ten to ten”。故选B。 53. He lives in ________. A. room 203 B. Room 203 C. 203rd room D. Room 203rd 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他住在203房间。 考查基数词用法。用基数词表示编号，其中名词首字母要大写，基数词放在名词后面。故选B。 54. School activities are fun in December. We have _____ ball games, and the soccer game is on ____ day of December. A. five; the second B. the fifth; the second C. five; two D. the fifth; two 【答案】A 【解析】句意：12月的学校活动很有趣。我们有五场球赛，足球比赛是在12月的第二天。 考查数词。five五，基数词；the second第二；the fifth第五；two二，基数词。根据“We have...ball games”并结合选项可知，此处表示有五场球赛，故应用基数词five，排除选项B和D。根据“and the soccer game is on...day of December”可知，此处表示在12月第二天，表顺序，故第二空应用序数词，其前要加定冠词the。故选A。 55. The river is ________. A. 100 meter long B. 100-meter-long C. 100 meters’ long D. 100 meters long 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这条河有100米长。 考查长度的表达。表示长度时，用结构：基数词+单位词的复数+形容词，故100米长的英文表达为100 meters long。故选D。 56. About ________ of the engineers in the IT company seem to be in their ________. A. a quarter; forties B. the quarter; fortieth C. one-four; forties D.one-fourth; fortieth 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这家IT公司大约四分之一的工程师似乎四十多岁。 考查分数和年龄段的表达。英语中分数的表达方式是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母要用序数词的复数形式，所以“四分之一”的表达是one-fourth，另外，“四分之一”还可表示为a quarter； “in one’s+整基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，所以“在他们四十多岁时”的英文表达是in their forties。故选A。 57.(2023·山东滨州)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls. A. thousand; two third B. thousands; two third C. thousand; two thirds D. thousands; two thirds 【答案】C 【解析】句意：去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人，其中三分之二是女孩。 考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时，用单数形式，且不与of连用，表示具体的数词，空前有three，所以第一空填thousand；分数的表达：分子（基数词）/分母（序数词），当分子大于1时，分母中的序数词要变为复数，所以三分之二则表达为“two thirds”，故选C。 58 —China’s Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship (神州十五号载人飞船) launched at 11:08 p.m. on November 29, 2022. —Yeah. ________ Chinese people waited for the exciting moment. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——2022年11月29日晚11时08分，中国神舟十五号载人飞船发射升空。——是的。数以百计的中国人等待着这一激动人心的时刻。 考查hundred的用法。分析句子结构可知，空前没有具体的数词，此处是概数的表达，应用hundreds of结构，表示“数以百计的”，故选D。 59. The river is ________. A. 100 meter long B. 100-meter-long C. 100 meters’ long D. 100 meters long 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这条河有100米长。 考查长度的表达。表示长度时，用结构：基数词+单位词的复数+形容词，故100米长的英文表达为100 meters long。故选D。 60. —If you prefer the red evening dress, you’ll have to pay another 30 dollars, because it’s made of silk. —OK. Here you are. A. other 30 dollars B. 30 other dollars C. 30 more dollars D. 30 dollars more 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——如果你喜欢红色的晚礼服，你得另外付30美元，因为它是丝绸做的。——好的。给你。考查another/more的用法。other其他的；more更多的。根据题干可知，此处是常用结构：another +数词+名词=数词+ more+名词。故选C。 能力提升 A语法填空 Hi, I’m Kate. Today is the 1.　　 　　(two) day of December. It is a really busy month for 2.　　　　(I). On the 4th, I have to study(学习) for 3.　　　　 English test at home. My 4.　　　　(grandma) birthday is on the 6th, so my parents and I must go to see her. On the 11th, I want to go to some clothes 5.　　　　(store). They always sell their clothes 6.　　　　 very good prices on that day. The book 7.　　　 　(sell) is on the 19th in my school library. I want 8.　　　　(buy) some books about healthy habits. On the 9.　　　　(twenty-three), I must go to meet a friend after school. He is coming here then. And on the 30th, there is a school trip. It must 10.　　　　(be) fun.  【答案】1.second　2.me　3.an 4.grandma’s　5.stores　6.at　7.sale　8.to buy　9.twenty-third 10.be B 语法选择 When I was nine years old, I wanted to keep a pet fish. After months of ___1___, I finally had enough money to get one. I named it Bob, I put ___2___ beautiful toy house with windows in the tank (鱼缸) so that Bob could swim through. Sometimes, I would draw pictures of ___3___ fish and sea plants and tape them to the side of the tank, so Bob wouldn’t get lonely while I ___4___ at school. However, ___5___ a month, I noticed that the tank was getting dirty. My dad asked me ___6___ it into the kitchen. He wanted to make sure I knew ___7___ to do so that Bob wouldn’t get hurt. First, my dad told me to reach ___8___ into the tank and take the house away. ___9___ I took my hand out of the water, I noticed that the water was a lot ____10____ than I thought. “ That’s smelly! ” I said. “ Let’s hurry up and ____11____ the fish out of the water, Dad! ” “ Not so fast, Ben, ” Dad said. “ We need to save some of the old water, ____12____ Bob needs a place to stay while we clean the tank. ” “ Why? ” I asked. “ Running water from the tap can be harmful to fish, ” Dad explained. “ That ____13____ we can’t put Bob into fresh water right away. Instead, we need to put him in a cup with ____14____ of the dirty water for a while. ” … All seemed so easy. I hoped the next time I would be able to clean the tank all by ____15____. 1. A. save B. saves C. saved D. saving 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 4. A. am B. was C. were D. will be 5. A. before B. for C. after D. during 6. A. bring B. bringing C. brought D. to bring 7. A. where B. what C. how D. why 8. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. caring 9. A. If B. Unless C. When D. Though 10. A. dirty B. dirtier C. dirtiest D. the dirtiest 11. A. get B. gets C. got D. getting 12. A. so B. or C. because D. but 13. A. mean B. means C. meant D. is meaning 14. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 15. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 【解析】本文介绍了作者9岁时喜欢养鱼并为鱼换水的故事。 1.句意：经过几个月的攒钱我终于有足够的钱买了一个。 save节省，攒钱，原形；saves第三人称单数；saved过去式；saving现在分词或者动名词。根据“of”可知，介词后跟动名词。故选D。 2.句意：我给它取名为鲍勃，我在鱼缸里放了一个漂亮的带窗户的玩具屋，这样鲍勃就可以游过去了。 a一个，用在辅音音素词前；an一个，用在元音音素词前；the指已提到或易领会到的人或事物；/不填。根据“beautiful toy”可知，此处表泛指，beautiful以辅音音素开头，使用a。故选A。 3.句意：有时，我会画一些其他鱼类和海生植物的图片，然后把它们粘在鱼缸的一边，这样鲍勃就不会在我上学的时候感到孤独了。 other其他的；others其他人（物）；the other两者的另一个；the others特指剩余的其他人（物）。根据“fish and sea plants”可知，此处使用other，后跟名词复数。故选A。 4.句意：有时，我会画一些其他鱼类和海生植物的图片，然后把它们粘在鱼缸的一边，这样鲍勃就不会在我上学的时候感到孤独了。 am第一人称单数现在时；was第一和第三人称单数过去式；were复数和第二人称单数过去式；will be一般将来时。根据“so Bob wouldn’t get lonely while I …at school.”可知，此处使用动词过去式，主语为I，使用was。故选B。 5.句意：然而，一个月后，我注意到鱼缸变脏了。 before在……之前；for持续一段时间；after在……之后；during在……期间。根据“I noticed that the tank was getting dirty.”可知，应该是过了一个月后，才发现鱼缸变脏的。故选C。 6.句意：我爸爸让我把它带到厨房。 bring带来，带……到某处，原形；bringing现在分词或者动名词；brought过去式；to bring动词不定式。根据“My dad asked me”可知，ask sb to do sth“让某人做某事”，故选D。 7.句意：他想确保我知道该做什么，以免鲍勃受伤。 where哪里；what什么；how如何；why为什么。根据“knew…to do ”可知，此处为特殊疑问词+动词不定式的结构，作knew的宾语，使用what，what to do“做什么”，故选B。 8.句意：首先，我爸爸让我小心地把手伸进鱼缸，把房子搬走。 care关心；careful小心的，形容词；carefully小心地，副词；caring关心，动名词或者现在分词。根据“reach”可知，此处使用副词修饰动词，故选C。 9.句意：当我把手从水里拿出来时，我注意到水比我想象的要脏得多。 If如果；Unless除非；When当……时；Though虽然。根据“…I took my hand out of the water, I noticed that the water was a lot…than I thought.”可知，此处指当我……时，使用when引导时间状语从句，故选C。 10.句意：当我把手从水里拿出来时，我注意到水比我想象的要脏得多。 dirty肮脏的；dirtier比较级；dirtiest最高级；the dirtiest定冠词the+最高级。根据“I noticed that the water was a lot…than I thought.”可知，此处使用形容词的比较级，故选B。 11.句意：爸爸，我们赶快把鱼从水里捞出来吧！ get得到，原形；gets第三人称单数；got过去式。getting现在分词或者动名词。根据“Let’s hurry up and”可知，let sb do“让某人做”，故选A。 12.句意：我们需要保留一些旧水，因为我们清洗鱼缸时，鲍勃需要一个地方住。 so因此；or或者；because因为；but但是。根据“Bob needs a place to stay while we clean the tank.”可知，此处空后为原因，使用because，故选C。 13.句意：那意味着我们不能马上把鲍勃放进淡水里。 mean意思是，原形；means第三人称单数；meant过去式；is meaning现在进行时。根据“Instead, we need to put him in a cup”可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为单数，使用动词第三人称单数，故选B。 14.句意：相反，我们需要把他放在一个装有少量脏水的杯子里一段时间。 few几乎没有；a few一些；little几乎没有；a little一点。根据“of the dirty water”可知，此处water为不可数名词，且表示肯定含义，使用a little，故选D。 15.句意：一切似乎都很容易。我希望下次我能独自清洗水箱。 me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词。根据“by”可知，by oneself“独自”，故选D。 C阅读理解 How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true. People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people think begin counting with their first fingers, which they extend or stick out. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指）to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand. Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的）people in Australia. These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have word for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers. In a similar study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe (部落） in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three.”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees,” “more trees,” or “many trees.” Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count, “but here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but isn’t not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.” Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量）,not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting. Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives. Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math, too. 1．The writer begins with the four questions in order to______. A．make a survey B．interest readers C．tell a story D．solve math problems 2．What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S. and China? A．People from China count much faster than people from the U.S. B．People from China need two hands to count from one to ten. C．People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting D．People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting. 3．Which of following is true about aboriginal Australians? A．They have only a few words for numbers B．They have hand movements to stand for numbers C．They can only count to five on their fingers D．They can understand different ideas about numbers 4．The study of the Piraha tribe shows that____ A．people all over the world know how to count B．People of the tribe have words for number C．Some groups of people are not smart enough to count D, Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans C．In some aboriginal culture, people don’t even know how to count D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers. 【答案】BCDDA 【解析】试题分析：这篇短文中作者给我们介绍的是关于数字和数学，不同的文化有不同的观点。不同文化的国家里，人们数数的方式是不同的，有些国家里根本没有表示数字的单词，他们不用数字来数数，但是他们同样理解关于数字的想法，故数字和数学并不是一回事。 1．B推理判断题。作者在这篇短文的开头连续问了四个问题，How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers?你从一数到十有多快？你用十个不同的词来数吗？你能用英语数吗，还是用你的母语？你用手指数吗？用这些问题开头的目的是一下子吸引读者的注意力，让读者对接下来作者要说的事情产生兴趣。故选B。 2．C细节理解题。短文的第二段中作者分别举了美国和中国人用手指数数的例子，美国人是先伸出第一个手指，然后再伸出其他的手指，最后是拇指，这样数到五，再用同样的方法伸出另一只手，数到十；而中国人用不同的手指的位置数数。通过这样的对比，作者想告诉我们不同文化的国家，使用不同的手指数数的方式，故选C。 3．D推理判断题。根据短文第三段中However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers可知选项是正确的；根据They don’t even have word for numbers.可知A是不对的；根据These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers可知B是不对的；根据第三段的内容可知，澳大利亚的土著居民没有表示数字的单词，也没有动作来代表数字，但是他们仍然能理解关于数字的不同的想法。故选D。 4．D细节理解题。根据短文第四段的内容可知，这一段中作者给我们举了一个部落的例子，这个部落里没有关于数字的单词，他们也不用数字来数数。They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up他们可以学数数，但是在他们的文化里，那是没用的，所以他们也不学。由此可知选D。 5．A主旨大意题。这篇短文中作者给我们介绍的是关于数字和数学，不同的文化有不同的观点。不同文化的国家里，人们数数的方式是不同的，有些国家里根本没有表示数字的单词，他们不用数字来数数，但是他们同样理解关于数字的想法，故数字和数学并不是一回事。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十讲、代词和数词 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 4 代词 4 一、人称代词 4 二、物主代词 4 三、反身代词 5 四、 指示代词 5 五、不定代词 6 数词 9 一、基数词 9 二、序数词 10 三、数词的运用 10 四、数词几种常见考点 11 分层训练·巩固提升 11 基础巩固 11 能力提升 16 代词 代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分，近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上，所考题量占所考代词的 60% 以上。试题注重语境和情境，要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。 我们可以得知中考对于代词的语法能力考察集中于以下六点： （1）人称代词 （2）物主代词 （3）指示代词 （4）反身代词 （5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词 考点分析：中考对于代词的考察要求考生们： （1）掌握了解代词的定义； （2）辨析代词的种类； （3）掌握代词的用法，尤其是人称代词（主格、宾格）与物主代词（形容词性、名词性）的用法； （4）掌握一些特殊代词、不定代词的用法，并能熟练运用。 数词 表示数量多少或顺序先后的词称为数词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示数目“多少”；序数词表示数目的顺序“第几”。考查重点：日期的表达方法；某些数词的特殊表达形式；数词单位hundred, thousand, million的用法。 考向分析：中考对于数词的考察要求考生们： （1）要求考生会听说读写基数词1-20（21-60要求会听会选）、四季，一周七天，年月日，这类会频繁出现于听力题的考题中。 （2）掌握序数词的构成及特殊形式的序数词，了解并能够运用数词的其他用法。 （3）了解时间的读法。 代词 一、人称代词 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 主格 I　 we　 you　 you　 he　 she　 　it they　 宾格 me　 us　 you　 you　 him　 her　 it　 them　 二、物主代词 物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 形容词性 my　 our　 your　 your　 his　 her　 its　 their　 名词性 mine　 ours　 yours　 yours　 his　 hers　 its　 theirs　 注意： 1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格，作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。 如：He goes to school on foot. He told me that he would go there. Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her. 2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。 如：— Who is knocking at the door? — It’s me, Tom. 3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语，修饰名词。 如：They are doing their homework. 4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。 如：— Whose book is this? — It’s mine. Yours is under the table. I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours. 三、反身代词 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 　 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己 myself　 ourselves　 yourself　 yourselves　 himself　 herself　 itself　 themselves　 1）作宾语，表示反身代词与主语是同一人。 The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小，不能照顾自己。 Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。 （2）作表语，常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后，用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。 He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。 I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。 （3）作同位语，表示强调，译成“亲自”“本人”。 You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。 I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。 （4）用于固定搭配中。 by oneself独自；单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服 enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃…… 四、 指示代词 1. 定义：表示＂这个＂＂那个＂＂这些＂＂那些＂等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。 单数 复数 含义 this 这个 these这此 指较近的人或物 that那个 those那些 指较远的人或物 （1）可作主语、宾语、表语。 This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。 Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。 I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些，她喜欢那些。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 （2）为避免重复，可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。 The population of China is much larger than that of America. 中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population) （3）在打电话时，通常用this指自己，用that指对方。 — Hello! Who is that? 你好，请问是哪位？ 五、不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 1. 不定代词的句法功能 不定代词 成分 all，both，each，neither，either，much，little，many，few，other，some，any，one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 everyone，everybody，everything，someone， somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，no one，nobody，nothing，none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语 every，no 在句中只能作定语 1. 不定代词的基本语法 （1）some、any的用法 不定代词 用 法 示 例 some ① 用于肯定句中，意为“一些人/事”，指代复数名词或不可数名词 Some are teachers; some are students. 有些人是老师，有些人是学生。 Here is some of their advice. 这是他们的一些建议。 ② 用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答 The cake tastes good. Would you like some? 这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗？ any ① 多用于否定句、疑问句中，意为“任何数量；任何一些”，指代复数名词或不可数名词 I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop? 我需要一些科学书，书店里有吗？Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。 ② 用于肯定句中，表示“任一” I have three dictionaries. You may use any. 我有三本词典，你随便用哪一本都可以。 （2）few，a few，little，a little的用法 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little虽少，但有一点 表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么 （3）other，the other，others，the others，another的用法 用法 例句 other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some... others＂结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于＂one... the other...＂结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个)，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂ You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗? （4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法 不定代词 含 义 作主语时谓语动词的数 示 例 both 两者都 复数 Both of us are interested in the film. 我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。 either 两者中的任何一个 单数 Does either of you know Mr Li? 你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗？ neither 两者都不 单数 Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。 all 三者（或以上）都 复数 All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。 any 三者（或以上）中的任何一个 单数 You can read any of these books. 你可以读这些书中的任何一本。 none 三者（或以上）都不 单数/复数 None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。 （5）复合不定代词的用法 由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词，如something，everybody，anyone，nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。 用法 例句 复合不定代词一般用作单数，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语) Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语) Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语) 复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。 由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似，而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时，常表示＂无论什么东西，随便什么东西/事情＂ There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。 Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？ （6）each和every 不定代词 用 法 示 例 each 指两者或两者以上中的每一个，强调个体；可与of连用 We each have a new schoolbag. = Each of us has a new schoolbag. 我们每人有一个新书包。 every 只作形容词，不单独使用；指三者或以上的整体中的每一个，侧重于整体；不可直接与of连用 She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。 Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。 （7）疑问代词 who 谁(主格) whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的(所有格) what 什么(人、物) which 哪一个、哪些(人、物) 数词 一、基数词 基数词的写法或读法 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 0 zero 1 one 11 eleven 100 one hundred 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1,000 one thousand 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 one million 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 one hundred million 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 one billion 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 1. 基数词的写法或读法 二、序数词 表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等 阿拉伯数字 基数词 序数词 序数词缩写 1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd 5 five fifth 5th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th 12 twelve twelfth 12th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd 23 twenty-three twenty-third 23rd 三、数词的运用 数词下面几种用法 1.表示事物的编号，用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如： Room 308 308房 the fifth floor 五楼 2.表示年月日，“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词。如： 1 October, 1949 1949年10月1日 3.表示时间，用基数词。如： 2∶10 two ten 3∶30 three thirty / half past three 4.表示百分数，用基数词。如： 80% eighty per cent 33% thirty-three per cent 5.表示小数，用基数词。如： 0.24 (zero) point two four 10.75 ten point seventy-five 6.表示电话号码，用基数词。如： 8370 9295 eight three seven o, nine two nine five 7.表示年龄，用基数词。表示第几个生日，用序数词。如： Tom is five (years old). 汤姆五岁了。 8.表示分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数。1 / 5 one fifth 2/5 two-fifths 四、数词几种常见考点 (1) hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具体数字或several时，用单数形式，但表示不确切的数目时，用hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等。 如：There are four hundred pupils in the primary school. Hundreds of people get together at the station. (2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词，该名词用单数形式。 如：a seven-day holiday, an 8-metre-long stick (3) 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数形式。 如：one third(三分之一)， three fifths(五分之三) 基础巩固 1.(2024·北京平谷·二模）—Peter, is this your new bike? —No, the black one under the tree is ________. A. me B. I C. my D. mine 2.(2024·北京大兴·二模）My sister is good at history. ________ knowledge of the subject is very rich. A. Her B. His C. Their D. Your 3.(2024·北京顺义·二模）Our parents help and support us a lot, so we should be thankful to ________. A. him B. her C. you D. them 4.(2024·北京房山·二模）Mary and Mike have the same reading habit. ________ go to the Reading Corner twice a week. A. They B. I C. We D. You 5.(2024·北京朝阳·二模）My sister loves science. ________ dream is to become a scientist. A. Her B. His C. My D. Your 6.(2024·北京海淀·二模）My sister likes watching movies and ________ favorite movie is Mulan. A. her B. his C. their D. your 7.(2024·武汉）—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays. —Yeah, that’s because ________ can give people a big laugh. A．all B．none C．both D．neither 8.(2024·天津）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 9.(2024·江西）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success. —OK, I will. A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 10.(2024·江苏苏州）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 11.(2024·江苏扬州）“What’s that?” is ________ of the first things that children say. A．some B．each C．one D．that 12.(2024·山东滨州） —I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao. —Yes, _________ could say no to it there. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody 13. —Are those books________? —No, they are not mine. They belong to________. A. yours；he B. yours；his C. yours；him D. your, he 14. —Who are______, Jimmy?   —My grandparents. And I love _______very much (非常). A. they; they B. them; them C. they; them D. them; they 15. These are________ e-dogs. Please give ________ to ________. A. their, it, them B. her, them, hers C. his, it, him D. my, them, me 16. Nancy’s ______ most successful moment came in ______ forties. A. /; her B. the; her C. the; hers D. /; hers 17. When you find _____ in a dangerous situation, right decisions will make ______ possible for you to get out of danger. A. you; it B. you; it’s C. yourself; it D. yourself; it’s 18. Don’t touch the machine, children, or you may hurt ________. A. yourself B. myself C. themselves D. yourselves 19. I advise you not to show ________ on the WeChat because it may cause trouble. A. anything personal B. personal anything C. something personal D. personal something 20. —Which shirt would you like, the white one or the black one? —________. They are too expensive for me. I’ll take the blue one. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either 21. Different people have different hobbies. Some like reading books, and ________ like drawing pictures. A. the other B. others C. another D. the others 22. —My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that. —Don’t worry. Just make sure you do your best. Then you can be ________ you want! A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 23. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than  ________ made in America. A. ones B. those C. that D. it 24. —Is your friend Amy still in America? —I don’t know. I have ______ information about her because we haven’t seen each other for ______ years. A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little 25. Though it was raining hard outside, we could see ________ people in the street. A. few B. a few C. a little D. little 26. —It snows hard this morning. Is everyone here today? —Yes, ________ of us is late for school. A. either B. both C. none D. neither 27. —Which do you prefer, juice or tea? —________ is OK. I don’t care. A. All B. Either C. Neither D. Both 28. —Daniel, could you please help me open the box? —I’d like to, but I have a bag of fruit in my left hand, and two bags of vegetables in my ________ hand. A. the other B. another C. others D. other 29. The twin sisters were very tired on their way home, but ________ of them would stop for a rest. A. either B. neither C. none D. both 30. —Is this new book ________? —No, ________ is old. A. your; my B. hers; her C. yours; mine D. his; my 31. People always say ________ is impossible if we work hard. So I dream of having ________ better grade in the coming exam. A. nothing; the B. anything; the C. nothing; a D. everything; a 32. —Tell me, Grandma. ________ is your favourite person in the whole wide world? —That’s easy! It’s you! A. What B. Who C. How D. Whom 33. ________ is our duty to make our country better and stronger. A. It B. This C. That D. One 34. —Ms. Walker, thank you for making me feel like I am ________. —I’m glad you become confident now. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody 35. There isn’t ________ in the classroom. All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground. A somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 36. —I have ________ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble. —Yes, they’re well worth praising. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something 37. In our school, ________ students like English, but ________ of them can speak it smoothly (流利地). A. a little; a few B. a few; few C. a few; little D. a little; few 38. Look at the sign, please. You can park your car on ________ side of the street. A. both B. other C. either D. all 39. The gravity on Mars is only about there eighths of ________ on the Earth. A. that B. those C. one D. ones 40. —Is ________ here? —Yes. We are all ready. A. somebody B. neither C. everybody D. none 41. —Four children were walking under a small umbrella. ________of them got wet. Can you guess why? —Because it was not raining! A. All B. None C. Most D. Some 42. — There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite? — Green tea, I guess. I’ve tried black tea, green tea and so on, and ________ of them have their special tastes. A. all B. both C. none D. neither 43. There are ________ students in our school, but only ________ of them are girls. A. hundreds of; two hundred B. hundred of; two hundreds C. hundreds of; two hundreds D. hundred of; two hundred 44. I have ________ classes in the morning, and the ________ class is Chinese. A. fourth; third B. four; three C. third; fourth D. four; third 45. It’s October 10th. Lucy is ________ years old now. Today is her ________ birthday. A. twelve；twelfth B. twelfth；twelve C. twelve；twelve D. twelfth；twelfth 46. I’m 14 ________. And he is a ________ boy. A. year old, 15 years old B. year-old, 15 year-old C. years old, 15 years old D. years old, 15-year-old 47. About _______ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth 48. Excuse me, I have ________ questions to ask. A. two more B. more two C. another D. the others 49. —What class are you in? —I’m in ________. A. Grade Seven, Class Two B. grade seven, class two C. Class Two, Grade Seven D. class two, grade seven 50. —Dr. Bethune (白求恩) helped lots of Chinese ________. He was a great doctor. —So people in both China and Canada still remember him now. A. in the 1930 B. in 1930 C. in the 1930s D. in his 1930s 51. Half-time is a ________ period for players ________. A. ten-minute; to rest B. ten-minute; resting C. ten minutes’; to rest D. ten minutes’; resting 52. —How do you say “9:50” in English? —It’s “________”. A. ten past nine B. ten to ten C. ten to nine D. fifty past nine 53. He lives in ________. A. room 203 B. Room 203 C. 203rd room D. Room 203rd 54. School activities are fun in December. We have _____ ball games, and the soccer game is on ____ day of December. A. five; the second B. the fifth; the second C. five; two D. the fifth; two 55. The river is ________. A. 100 meter long B. 100-meter-long C. 100 meters’ long D. 100 meters long 56. About ________ of the engineers in the IT company seem to be in their ________. A. a quarter; forties B. the quarter; fortieth C. one-four; forties D.one-fourth; fortieth 57.(2023·山东滨州)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls. A. thousand; two third B. thousands; two third C. thousand; two thirds D. thousands; two thirds 58 —China’s Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship (神州十五号载人飞船) launched at 11:08 p.m. on November 29, 2022. —Yeah. ________ Chinese people waited for the exciting moment. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of 59. The river is ________. A. 100 meter long B. 100-meter-long C. 100 meters’ long D. 100 meters long 60. —If you prefer the red evening dress, you’ll have to pay another 30 dollars, because it’s made of silk. —OK. Here you are. A. other 30 dollars B. 30 other dollars C. 30 more dollars D. 30 dollars more 能力提升 A语法填空 Hi, I’m Kate. Today is the 1.　　 　　(two) day of December. It is a really busy month for 2.　　　　(I). On the 4th, I have to study(学习) for 3.　　　　 English test at home. My 4.　　　　(grandma) birthday is on the 6th, so my parents and I must go to see her. On the 11th, I want to go to some clothes 5.　　　　(store). They always sell their clothes 6.　　　　 very good prices on that day. The book 7.　　　 　(sell) is on the 19th in my school library. I want 8.　　　　(buy) some books about healthy habits. On the 9.　　　　(twenty-three), I must go to meet a friend after school. He is coming here then. And on the 30th, there is a school trip. It must 10.　　　　(be) fun.  B 语法选择 When I was nine years old, I wanted to keep a pet fish. After months of ___1___, I finally had enough money to get one. I named it Bob, I put ___2___ beautiful toy house with windows in the tank (鱼缸) so that Bob could swim through. Sometimes, I would draw pictures of ___3___ fish and sea plants and tape them to the side of the tank, so Bob wouldn’t get lonely while I ___4___ at school. However, ___5___ a month, I noticed that the tank was getting dirty. My dad asked me ___6___ it into the kitchen. He wanted to make sure I knew ___7___ to do so that Bob wouldn’t get hurt. First, my dad told me to reach ___8___ into the tank and take the house away. ___9___ I took my hand out of the water, I noticed that the water was a lot ____10____ than I thought. “ That’s smelly! ” I said. “ Let’s hurry up and ____11____ the fish out of the water, Dad! ” “ Not so fast, Ben, ” Dad said. “ We need to save some of the old water, ____12____ Bob needs a place to stay while we clean the tank. ” “ Why? ” I asked. “ Running water from the tap can be harmful to fish, ” Dad explained. “ That ____13____ we can’t put Bob into fresh water right away. Instead, we need to put him in a cup with ____14____ of the dirty water for a while. ” … All seemed so easy. I hoped the next time I would be able to clean the tank all by ____15____. 1. A. save B. saves C. saved D. saving 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 4. A. am B. was C. were D. will be 5. A. before B. for C. after D. during 6. A. bring B. bringing C. brought D. to bring 7. A. where B. what C. how D. why 8. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. caring 9. A. If B. Unless C. When D. Though 10. A. dirty B. dirtier C. dirtiest D. the dirtiest 11. A. get B. gets C. got D. getting 12. A. so B. or C. because D. but 13. A. mean B. means C. meant D. is meaning 14. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 15. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself C阅读理解 How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true. People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people think begin counting with their first fingers, which they extend or stick out. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指）to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand. Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的）people in Australia. These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have word for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers. In a similar study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe (部落） in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three.”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees,” “more trees,” or “many trees.” Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count, “but here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but isn’t not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.” Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量）,not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting. Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives. Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math, too. 1．The writer begins with the four questions in order to______. A．make a survey B．interest readers C．tell a story D．solve math problems 2．What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S. and China? A．People from China count much faster than people from the U.S. B．People from China need two hands to count from one to ten. C．People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting D．People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting. 3．Which of following is true about aboriginal Australians? A．They have only a few words for numbers B．They have hand movements to stand for numbers C．They can only count to five on their fingers D．They can understand different ideas about numbers 4．The study of the Piraha tribe shows that____ A．people all over the world know how to count B．People of the tribe have words for number C．Some groups of people are not smart enough to count D, Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans C．In some aboriginal culture, people don’t even know how to count D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$