第15讲 主从复合句-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

第十五讲、主从复合句 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 3 （1）宾语从句 3 考向一、宾语从句连接词 3 考向二、宾语从句语序 4 考向三、宾语从句时态 4 （2）定语从句 4 考向1 定语从句的关系词 （关系副词不作重点讲） 4 考向2 关系代词的基本用法 4 考向3 定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况 5 （3）状语从句 5 考向1 状语从句的从属连词（重点考向） 5 考向2 状语从句的时态 6 分层训练·巩固提升 6 基础巩固 6 （1）宾语从句巩固 6 （2）定语从句基础巩固 17 （3）状语从句基础巩固 20 能力提升 28 主从复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成，从句在复合句中充当一定成分。初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的用法。 宾语从句 宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。 中考考查重点： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 定语从句 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 冠词副词的用法； 非限制性定语从句的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 状语从句 状语从句的定义 用来修饰动词和形容词，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间，地点，原因等等的句子叫做状语从句。 考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，状语从句是每年的必考点，从属连词的考查一般出现在单项选择或语法选择或者完形填空中，状语从句的时态(主将从现)也是一个常考点。理解句意，分析句子逻辑关系。是解题的关键。 状语从句的分类 一、时间状语从句 二、原因状语从句 三、条件状语从句 四、让步状语从句 五、目的状语从句 六、结果状语从句 七、比较状语从句 （1）宾语从句 考向一、宾语从句连接词 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 考向二、宾语从句语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 考向三、宾语从句时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从任） 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。（主过从过） 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态 （二）定语从句 考向1 定语从句的关系副词 （关系副词不作重点讲） 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 考向2 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 关系代词 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 3. 注意：(1) 关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 4. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 5 注意：定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： 定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： (1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that” Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？ (2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that” Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that” This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。 (4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that” He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 (5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that” This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。 He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。 (6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that” They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。 (7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that” Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？ （3）状语从句 考向1 状语从句的从属连词（重点考向） 分类 连接词 例句 时间 状语从句 when/while/as, before, after, since, until, as soon as She was cooking when someone knocked at the door. He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin. I didn’t go to bed until she came back. 条件 状语从句 if, as long as, unless I’ll go to see you if I have time. They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday 原因 状语从句 because, since, as, for He didn’t catch the first bus because he got up too late. We should study hard since we are students. 目的 状语从句 so that, in order that Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it. 结果 状语从句 so that, so…that/such…that It’s so hot that we want to go swimming. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away. 让步 状语从句 though/although, even if Although it’s raining hard, they are still working hard in the field. 比较 状语从句 than, as…as, not as/so…as He ran as fast as Mike. 考向2 状语从句的时态 状语从句的时态(主将从现)也是一个常考点 （1）宾语从句巩固 1.(2024·北京）—Tim, do you know ________ the art festival? — Sure! Next Friday. A. when did we hold B. when we held C. when will we hold D. when we will hold 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——Tim，你知道我们什么时候举办艺术节吗？——当然知道！下个星期五。 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除选项A、C；根据答语中的“Next Friday.”可知，此处表示将来要发生的动作，时态应用一般将来时。故选D。 2.(2024·安徽）—Could you tell us ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner? —Talking about weather is a good choice. A. how B. whether C. why D. when 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我们如何与外国人开始对话吗？——谈论天气是个不错的选择。 考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何；whether是否；why为什么；when什么时候。根据“we can start a conversation with a foreigner”以及“Talking about weather is a good choice.”可知是如何与外国人开始对话，用how引导宾语从句。故选A。 3.(2024·武汉）The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ________. A. what is knowledge B. how we can get knowledge C. why is practice powerful D. when we should start practicing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“实践出真知”这句话告诉我们如何获得知识。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；结合“Knowledge starts with practice”可知，强调方式，故选B。 4.(2024·山东）— Could you tell me _________? — He likes the Science Museum best. A. when Kevin visited the museum B. which museum Kevin likes best C. when did Kevin visit the museum D. which museum does Kevin like best 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我凯文最喜欢哪个博物馆吗？——他最喜欢科学博物馆。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除CD；根据答语“He likes the Science Museum best.”可知，询问最喜欢哪个，故选B。 5.（2024·江苏扬州）Teenagers don’t always understand ________ their parents have so many rules. A. why B. which C. where D. what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：青少年并不总是理解为什么他们的父母有这么多规则。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；which哪一个；where在哪里；what什么。分析句子可知，此处是含宾语从句的复合句，从句不缺主语、宾语，故不用which、what引导从句。结合句子可知，此处询问原因，故用why。故选A。 6. （2024·山东滨州） —I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer vacation. I wonder _________. —Why not go online to get more information about it? A. where can I eat something special B. if July is the best time to go there C. that local people are very friendly to visitors. D. when will the 9th Asian Winter Games be held in Harbin 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我计划这个暑假去哈尔滨旅行。我想知道七月是不是去那里的最佳时间？——为什么不上网获取更多的信息呢？ 考查宾语从句。wonder后接宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和D选项。空处是询问不确定的某种情况，应用if引导宾语从句，故选B。 7.（2024·江苏常州）—Could you tell me ______? —Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first? A. where can I buy a home robot B. where I can buy a home robot C. how can I turn the home robot on D. how I can turn the home robot on 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我怎样启动家用机器人吗？——对不起，我以前从来没有过家用机器人。为什么不先看看说明书呢？ 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除AC选项；再根据“Why not read the instructions first?”可知，建议看说明书，说明问句是问如何启动家用机器人，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。 8. （2024·北京平谷·二模）—Do you know ________ the National Museum? —Next Friday. A. when will we visit B. when did we visit C. when we will visit D. when we visited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你知道我们什么时候参观国家博物馆吗？——下个星期五。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AB选项；结合“Next Friday.”可知，从句用一般将来时，故选C。 9.（2024·北京丰台·二模）—Can you tell me ________? —Yes. He went there by train yesterday. A. when Mark goes to Chengdu B. when does Mark go to Chengdu C. how Mark went to Chengdu D. how did Mark go to Chengdu 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我马克是怎么去成都的吗？——可以。他昨天乘火车去那儿了。 考查宾语从句引导词和语序。根据回答“He went there by train yesterday.”可知，时态为一般过去时，应用how提问交通方式，且宾语从句应为陈述句语序，即引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他。故选C。 10.（2024·北京大兴·二模）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? —At 9:30 a.m. every day. A. when does the science museum open B. when did the science museum open C. when the science museum opens D. when the science museum opened 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我科学博物馆什么时候开门吗？ ——每天上午九点半。 考查宾语从句。结合“Excuse me, could you please tell me…”和备选项可知，此处为when引导的宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除A和B；根据答语“At 9:30 a.m. every day.”可知，从句时态应为一般现在时，排除D。故选C。 11.（2024·北京房山·二模）— Could you please tell me ________ this photo so much? — Because it shows the launch of Chang’e 6 in Wenchang. I’m proud of it. A. why do you value B. why you value C. why will you value D. why you will value 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你为什么这么看重这张照片吗？——因为这张照片拍到了嫦娥六号在文昌发射的画面。我为此感到骄傲。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除A、C；根据“Because it shows the launch of Chang’e 6 in Wenchang.”可知，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，故选B。 12.（2024·北京朝阳·二模）—Kate, could you tell me ________? —Sure. To share my favorite book with my classmates. A. why did you take part in the Reading Festival B. why you took part in the Reading Festival C. when did you take part in the Reading Festival D. when you took part in the Reading Festival 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——凯特，你能告诉我你为什么参加读书节吗？——当然。为了与我的同学分享我最喜欢的书。 考查宾语从句。根据“could you tell me”可知，该句是宾语从句，应该使用陈述语气，排除选项A与选项C；结合“To share my favorite book with my classmates.”可知，设空处应该是问为什么参加读书节。故选B。 13.（2024·北京海淀·二模）—Alex, do you know ________? —Yes, it’s going to be ready for use after the summer vacation. A. when the new science lab opened B. when did the new science lab open C. when the new science lab will open D. when will the new science lab open 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——亚历克斯，你知道新的科学实验室什么时候开放吗？——是的，暑假后就可以使用了。 考查宾语从句。根据“do you know...”可知，空处为宾语从句，用陈述句语序，故排除选项B和D（均为疑问句语序）；结合“it’s going to be ready for use after the summer vacation”可知，宾语从句的时态用一般将来时。故选C。 14. （2024·武汉二模）— Mike, your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is coming. Shall we celebrate it together? — I’d love to, but could you tell me ________? A. what is the meaning of the festival B. where we had the celebration C. how you usually celebrate the festival D. when is this year’s Dragon Boat Festival 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——Mike，你在中国的第一个端午节就要到了。我们一起庆祝好吗？——我很想去，但是你能告诉我你们通常是怎么庆祝这个节日的吗？ 考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除选项A和D；根据“Mike, your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is coming. Shall we celebrate it together?”可知第一次来，想知道通常如何庆祝这个节日，用how引导宾语从句。故选C。 15.（2023·江苏扬州）—I’m wondering ________ at a low price. —You can book one through our official APP. A. how I can buy the air ticket B. how can I buy the air ticket C. when I can buy the air ticket D. when can I buy the air ticket 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我想知道什么时候能买到便宜的机票。——您可以通过我们的官方APP预订。 考查宾语从句。根据“I’m wondering”可知，句子含宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D；答句是订机票的方式，用how提问。故选A。 16.（2023·湖北武汉）This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers” tells us ________. A. how should we treat people B. who we can learn from C. what did we say in public D. why we need teachers 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“三人行，必有我师焉”这句名言告诉我们可以向谁学习。 考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除A、C；根据“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers”可知此句意为“三人行，必有我师焉”，即我们要向别人学习，用who引导宾语从句。故选B。 17.（2023·湖北鄂州）—Could you tell me ________ get something to eat? —Sure. There’s a restaurant down the street. A. what I can B. what can I C. where can I D. where I can 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我在哪里可以吃点东西吗？——当然。街那头有一家餐馆。 考查where引导的宾语从句。what I can我可以什么；what can I错误表达，从句应用陈述语序；where can I错误表达，从句应用陈述语序；where I can我可以在哪里。根据“There’s a restaurant down the street.”和“tell me”可知，此处想知道可以吃饭的地方在哪里，应用where来引导宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序。故选D。 18.（2023·北京）—Lily, can you tell me ________ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year? —Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race. A. what you will do B. what you did C. what will you do D. what did you do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——莉莉，你能告诉我今年端午节你做了什么吗？——确定。我们吃了粽子，看了赛龙舟。 考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除CD；主现从不限，结合“We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.”可知，从句用一般过去时，排除A。故选B。 19.（2023·扬州 ） —I’m wondering ________ at a low price. —You can book one through our official APP. A. how I can buy the air ticket B. how can I buy the air ticket C. when I can buy the air ticket D. when can I buy the air ticket 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我想知道什么时候能买到便宜的机票。——您可以通过我们的官方APP预订。 考查宾语从句。根据“I’m wondering”可知，句子含宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D；答句是订机票的方式，用how提问。故选A。 20.（2023·江苏无锡 ）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise! A. had come B. have come C. would come D. will come 【答案】C 【解析】句意：嘿，珍妮阿姨！是你！我没想到你会过来。多么惊喜啊！ 考查宾语从句的动词时态。由“didn’t expect”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，则从句也应为过去时态。“来”的动作发生在将来，应为将来时，故空格处为过去将来时，结构是would do。故选C。 21.（2023· 江苏无锡）12. —You know ________? In 12 hours! — That’s crazy. How is it even possible? A. how soon we must finish the task B. how often we must finish the task C. how soon must we finish the task D. how often must we finish the task 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你知道我们要多久完成任务吗？12小时内！——这太疯狂了。这怎么可能？ 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，从句用陈述语序，排除C和D选项。根据“In 12 hours”可知，in+一段时间，要用how soon引导宾语从句，故选A。 22.（2023·江苏连云港 ） —Sarah, do you know ________? —It’s on April 23. A. what is World Book Day B. what World Book Day is C. when is World Book Day D. when World Book Day is 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——萨拉，你知道世界读书日是在什么时候吗？——在4月23日。 考查when引导的宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，故排除A、C。what World Book Day is什么是世界读书日；when World Book Day is世界读书日是在什么时候。根据答句“It’s on April 23.”可知此处应是when引导的宾语从句，询问时间。故选D。 23. —Congratulations! I knew that you ________ get a lot of offers. —Thanks. But I ________ for the reply from my dream school at present. A. will; wait B. would; was waiting C. will; waited D. would; am still waiting 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——祝贺你！我就知道你会得到很多邀请。——谢谢。但是我目前还在等待我梦想学校的回复。 考查动词时态。根据“I knew”可知主过从必过，用过去将来时，结构是would+动词原形；根据“at present”可知，时态为现在进行时，谓语是am waiting。故选D。 24. —Tom, can you tell me ________ an e-mail to you? —Of course. It’s easy. A. how can I send B. how I could send C. how to send D. what to send 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：——汤姆，你能告诉我怎样给你发送一份电子邮件吗? ——当然了，很简单。 考查宾语从句的简化。题干中，tell me后需要接宾语补足语，宾语从句的语序需用陈述语序，选项A不对，可排除；主句时态是一般现在时，从句时态无需用过去时，选项B可排除；根据“ It’s easy.”可知很容易，因此是询问怎样发邮件，应用how引导的宾语从句，可简化为“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构。故选C。 25. I wasn’t sure what ________ for my school project, so I asked my dad what I should do. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我不确定我的学校作业该写些什么，所以我问我爸爸我该写什么。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I wasn’t sure”可知，what引导宾语从句，此时可用“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，故此处应用动词不定式to write。故选D。 26. —I wonder ________ it will rain tomorrow. —Oh, the weather report says it will be sunny. A. if B. that C. when D. how 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我想知道明天是否会下雨。——哦，天气预报说明天会是晴天。 考查宾语从句。if是否；that引导从句，无实际意义；when什么时候；how怎样。根据“I wonder … it will rain tomorrow”可知，想知道明天是否能下雨，故选A。 27. —I wonder ________ this year. —It will fall on a Sunday. A. how will the Lantern Festival fall on B. how the Lantern Festival will fall on C. what day will the Lantern Festival fall on D. what day the Lantern Festival will fall on 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——我想知道今年的元宵节是哪一天。——它将会在一个星期天。 考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder ... this year.”及选项可知，此处是含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除AC选项；再根据“It will fall on a Sunday.”可知，想知道元宵节是哪一天，应用what day。故选D。 28. —Could you please tell me _______? —It’s next to the post office. A. where the supermarket is B. how we can be healthier C. why so many people like shopping D. what we can buy in the mall 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：——请问你能告诉我超级市场在哪里吗？——就在邮局旁边。 考查宾语从句。where the supermarket is超级市场在哪；how we can be healthier我们怎样才能更健康；why so many people like shopping为什么如此多的人喜欢购物；what we can buy in the mall我们能在商场买到什么。根据“It’s next to the post office.”可知，是提问地点。故选A。 29. I wonder ________ you would like to go hiking with us this weekend. A. that B. what C. if D. when 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我想知道这个周末你是否愿意和我们一起去远足。 考查宾语从句。that无实际含义；what什么；if是否；when何时。根据“I wonder...you would like to go hiking with us this weekend.”可知，这里wonder表示“想知道”，含有疑问的口气，用if引导，表示“是否”。故选C。 30. —What will you remember after leaving school? —I will always remember________. A. how my friends and teachers used to help me B. when did my friends and teachers arrive C. what the teachers and friends will say to me D. where could my friends and teachers meet 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：——你离开学校后将会记得什么？——我将永远记得我的朋友和老师曾经如何帮助我。 考查宾语从句。观察句子结构可知，空格所填内容为宾语从句，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序。结合选项可知，选项B和D均为疑问语序，故排除；根据问句“What will you remember after leaving school?”是在询问“离开学校后会记得什么”，记得的事情是过去发生的，应用过去的时态，排除选项C。故选A。 31. —I have no idea if my friend ________ to my housewarming party in two days. —If she ________, I won’t pick her up at the railway station. A. will come, comes B. doesn’t come, won’t come C. comes, doesn’t come D. will come, doesn’t come 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——我不知道我的朋友两天后是否会来参加我的聚会。——如果她不来，我将不用去火车站接她。 考查动词时态。分析第一句句子结构可知，if“是否”引导宾语从句，根据从句中的时间状语“in two days”可知 ，时态是一般将来时，其结构为will＋动词原形；第二个if“如果”引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，根据句意主句是否定，故从句也应用否定。故选D。 32. — Dave, could you tell me ________? — Go straight, and turn right at the first crossing. A. how can I get to the bookstore B. how I can get to the bookstore C. when can I get to the bookstore D. when I can get to the bookstore 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：——戴夫，你能告诉我怎么去书店吗？——一直走，在第一个十字路口向右转。 考查宾语从句。根据“Go straight, and turn right at the first crossing.”可知，此处询问如何去，应使用how，排除选项C和选项D；宾语从句应使用陈述句语序。故选B。 33. —Do you know ________? —It takes a little time to watch one, and it’s an easy way to kill time. A. how people make short videos B. why short videos become popular C. what we can do with short videos D. where can we watch short videos 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：——你知道短视频为什么变得流行吗？——看一个视频花费的时间很少，而且它是一个打发时间的简单方法。 考查宾语从句。how people make short videos人们如何制作短视频；why short videos become popular为什么短视频会流行；what we can do with short videos我们能如何处理短视频。分析句子结构可知，空处是一个宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除D选项。根据“It takes a little time to watch one, and...”可知，问的是短视频流行的原因。故选B。 34. We are proud of ______ we have achieved in the past twenty years. A. who B. which C. what D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我们为过去二十年所取得的成就感到自豪。 考查宾语从句的引导词。who谁；which哪个；what什么；that无意义。空处既是宾语从句的引导词又在句中作achieved的宾语，所以用what连接。故选C。 35. —What did Amy ask you after the meeting? —She asked me _________. A. what I do for the project last week B. if can I finish the work on time C. how did I deal with the problem D. why I was late for the meeting 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——会后艾米问了你什么？——她问我为什么开会迟到了。 考查宾语从句。分析句子，可知空处为宾语从句，用“陈述句语序”，故排除选项B和C；根据“She asked…”，可知主句时态为一般过去时，根据“主过从必过”，排除选项A。故选D。 36. — I am worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not. — Work hard and trust in yourself. A. why B. what C. whether D. where 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我担心能否进入好高中。——努力工作，相信自己。 考查宾语从句。 why”为什么”；what”什么”；whether”是否”, whether...or not”是否”；where”哪里”。根据“Work hard and trust in yourself.”可知，我担心我能否进入一所好的高中。故选C。 37.I hope _______ all of us can pass the exam. A. that B. how C. whether D. what 【答案】A 【解析】我希望。。。后接的宾语从句应该是一个陈述部分。。。故用引导词that。 38. He said that light ________much faster than sound. A. travels B. travelled C. travelling D. will travel 【答案】A 【解析】当从句表示客观真理、自然现象等时，谓语动词用一般现在时。不遵从主过从过。 39. —Tony looks unhappy. Do you know ________? —Sorry, I don’t know either. But as his friend, we should go and cheer him up. A. what is happened to him B. what’s the matter with him C. what wrong with him is 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：——托尼看起来不高兴。你知道他怎么了吗？——对不起，我也不知道。但作为他的朋友，我们应该去鼓励他。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，A选项应该用what happened to him；C选项应该用what’s wrong with him。B选项的结构是陈述句语序。故选B。 40. Sometimes we are asked ________ the likely result of an action will be. A. that we think B. what do we C. what we think D. that what we think 【答案】C 【解析】句意：有时我们会被问到，我们认为一个行动的可能结果会是什么。 考查宾语从句。根据“the likely result of an action will be”可知，宾语从句be动词之后缺少表语，结合选项，what可以作表语，排除AD选项；且宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除B；we think为插入语，故选C。 （2）定语从句基础巩固 1.（2023·湖北十堰） I will remember the important people ________ helped and supported me in my life. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我将记住在我的生活中帮助和支持我的重要的人。 考查定语从句。which哪一个；whose谁的；whom谁；who谁。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词people是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选D。 2.（2023·黑龙江牡丹市）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved. A. who B. that C. whom 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果我们怀着远大的梦想努力学习，没有什么是不能实现的。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是nothing，引导词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。故选B。 3.（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨）—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A. where B. which C. who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你心目中的英雄是谁？——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探方面取得巨大进展的科学家。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。 1.– Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV? – Sure. It’s a great TV program can develop the habit of reading. A. who B. that C. what D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：-你喜欢中央电视台每周一次的节目《朗读者》吗？-当然了，这是一个很棒的节目，能培养阅读的习惯。根据句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，who是关系代词，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；that先行词人或物都可以，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句，先排除；whose…的，先行词可以是人或物。这个定语从句的先行词是program，故排除A；D选项意思不合适。故应选B。 2.He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need. A. who he B. whose C. / D. who 【答案】D 【解析】：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。 应选D。 3.The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that 【答案】D 【解析】：先行词前有序数词， 最高级时，引导词只能用 that. 应选D。 4.The man ______ talked to you just now is my father. A. who B. he C. which D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】：引导词在定语从句中作主语指人，应选A。 5.They thought too much about ______. A. which I had said B. what I had said C. that I had said D. I had said 【答案】B 【解析】：此题是宾语从句不是定语从句，后面句子作介词宾语。应 选B。 6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house _______ he was born in. A. where B. which C. who D. it 【答案】B 【解析】：考查定语从句先行词的用法。引导词在定语从句中作介词in 宾语。可省略。 6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house _______ he was born. A. where B. which C. who D. it 【答案】A 【解析】：考查定语从句先行词的用法。引导词在定语从句中作地点状语。故用where。可以与5题比较。 7.Tom dislikes people ______ talk much but never do anything. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】：考查定语从句先行词的用法。引导词在定语从句中作主语。不可省略。Whom 在定语从句只能作宾语。 8. He talked to me about the things and people ______ he came across in China. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 【答案】D 【解析】：考查定语从句先行词的用法。引导词在定语从句中作宾语。先行词有人有物只能用“that” 9.I hope _______ all of us can pass the exam. A. that B. how C. whether D. what 【答案】A 【解析】我希望。。。后接的宾语从句应该是一个陈述部分。。。故用引导词that。注意宾语从句和定语从句的区别。宾语从句作动词或介词宾语。而定语从句前面一定有先行词。后面句子修饰前面的先行词。先行词大部分是名词。 10.—Do you know the boy ______ hand writing won the first in the competition? —Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—你认识那个在书法比赛中得了第一名的男孩吗？—嗯，他是王伟，我们的班长。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；whom关系代词，指人，作宾语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；句子先行词是boy，根据“handwriting won the first in the competition”可知，此处指的是“男孩的书法”，应用whose作定语，故选B。 （3）状语从句基础巩固 1.(2024·安徽）—There is still a long way to go _________ we finish the task. —Don’t worry. Let’s go on with it together. A. as long as B. as soon as C. before D. because 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——离我们完成任务还有很长的路要走。——别担心。让我们一起继续做下去。 考查连词辨析。as long as只要；as soon as一……就；before在……之前；because因为。根据“There is still a long way to go...we finish the task.”以及“Let’s go on with it together”可知是在完成任务之前还有很长的路要走。故选C。 2.(2024·江苏常州）Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ______ you often use them. A. when B. unless C. if D. until 【答案】B 【解析】句意：练习是非常重要的。如果你不经常使用生词，你就会忘记它们。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；unless除非；if如果；until直到。根据“You will forget the new words … you often use them.”可知，除非经常使用，否则会忘记的，故选B。 3.(2024·江苏扬州）________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list. A. If B. Until C. Although D. Unless 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你太累了，无法完成待办事项清单上的所有事情，试着列一张勿做事项清单。 考查连词辨析。If如果；Until直到；Although尽管；Unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指如果完成待办事项清单上的所有事情感到很累，可以列一张“勿做”清单，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 4. （2024·江苏无锡一模）Living in a fast-developing world, we will fall behind ________ we keep learning. A. though B. since C. after D. unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：生活在一个快速发展的世界里，除非我们不断学习，否则我们将落后。 考查连词。though虽然；since自从；after在……以后；unless除非。根据“we will fall behind…we keep learning.”可知是指除非我们不断学习，否则我们将落后。故选D。 5（2024·江苏扬州一模）________ it is only a road with a few cherry trees, it’s crowded with tourists who come here in March. A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然这条路只有几棵樱花树，但每年3月来这里的游客却非常多。 考查连词词义辨析。Since自从；Unless除非；Once一……就；Although虽然。根据句意可知，此处句意发生了转折让步，所以应用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。 6.（2024·安徽一模）In China, we can’t start to eat ________ everyone is at table. It’s one of our Chinese table manners. A. until B. since C. while D. although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在中国，每个人都在餐桌旁，我们才能开始吃饭。这是我们中国人的餐桌礼仪之一。 考查连词辨析。until直到；since自从，既然；while当……时；although虽然。根据“In China, we can’t start to eat...everyone is at table.”可知，这里指每个人都在餐桌旁，我们才能开始吃饭，not...until...表示“直到……才……”。故选A。 7. （2024·江苏南京一模）Sometimes Dad goes shopping with us ________ he doesn’t like it very much. A. because B. so C. though D. if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有时爸爸会和我们去购物，尽管他不太喜欢。 考查连词辨析。because因为；so因此；though尽管；if如果。结合句意，可知该句为让步状语从句，用though引导。故选C。 8.（2024·山东东营口一模）The volunteers continued their work ________ they were very tired. A. if B. because C. although D. as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：志愿者们虽然很累，但仍继续他们的工作。 考查连词辨析。if 如果；because因为；although尽管；as当……的时候。根据“The volunteers continued their work...they were very tired.”可知，空格前后句子暗含让步关系，需用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句。故选C。 9.（2023·湖北孝感）—How time flies! We’ll graduate from middle school this weekend! —________ we have to say goodbye, I will remember our friendship forever. A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Until 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——时光飞逝！我们这个周末将从中学毕业！——虽然我们不得不说再见，但我将永远记住我们的友谊。 考查从属连词辨析。Because因为；Although尽管；Unless除非；Until直到。根据“we have to say goodbye, I will remember our friendship forever.”可知，尽管我们不得不说再见，但我将永远记住我们的友谊，应用although来引导让步状语从句。故选B。 10.(2023·安徽) Our country will be much better for everyone in future ________ we all do something to help now. A. if B. before C. so that D. even though 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果我们现在都做些什么来帮助大家，我们的国家在未来会更好。 考查连词辨析。if如果；before在之前；so that以便；even though即使。根据“Our country will be much better for everyone in future … we all do something to help now”可知，空格后是前半句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。 11.(2024·江苏南通) ________ you can’t work out the problem, perhaps you need to ask your classmates for help. A. Unless B. Though C. Since D. Whether 【答案】C 【解析】句意：既然你解不出这道题，也许你需要向你的同学求助。 考查连词辨析。Unless除非；Though尽管；Since既然，由于；Whether是否。“you can’t work out the problem”是向同学求助的原因，用Since引导原因状语从句。故选C。 12.(2024·无锡) I will try my best to help you, ________ I don’t know what to start with yet. A. whether B. since C. though D. until 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我将尽力帮助你，虽然我还不知道从何做起。 考查从属连词辨析。whether是否；since自从；though虽然；until直到。根据“I will try my best to help you, ...I don’t know what to start with yet.”可知，前后构成让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。 13.(2024·山东滨州) —I think I am the shyest in my class. What should I do? —Be more active in class ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself. A. or B. so that C. unless D. although 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我认为我是班上最害羞的。我该怎么办？——在课堂上更加活跃，这样你就能提高表达自己的能力。 考查连词辨析。or或者；so that目的是；unless除非；although虽然。分析句子可知，“Be more active in class”的目的是“you can improve your ability to express yourself.”，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。 14. （2023·江苏无锡一模试题）Susan is an excellent swimmer. I’m sure she’ll get a good place ________ she takes part in the competition. A. before B. though C. unless D. if 【答案】D 【解析】句意：苏珊是个优秀的游泳者。我相信如果她参加比赛，她将会取得好成绩的。 考查连词辨析。before在……之前；though尽管；unless除非；if如果。分析句子结构可知，“she takes part in the competition”是“she’ll get a good place”的肯定条件，所以用if引导条件状语从句，即：如果她参加比赛，她会取得好成绩的，故选D。 15.______ we always wait for another day, fruitlessly our life will pass away. A. Until B. If C. Although D. Whether 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果我们总是等待另一天，我们的生命将徒劳地逝去。考查连词辨析。Until直到……；If如果；Although虽然；Whether是否。分析前后句句意，前句是后句动作发生的条件，故空处连词应用if，如果。故选B。 16.______ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room. A. As soon as B. Unless C. If D. Although 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他一听到小女孩在外面喊救命，就冲出了房间。考查连词辨析。As soon as一……就；Unless除非；If如果；Although虽然。根据“…he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.”可知，此处表示“一……就”，用as soon as引导时间状语从句，故选A。 17. Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ______ we can find out what’s going on around the world. A. so that B. even though C. in order to D. instead of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们的校长要求我们每天看新闻，这样我们就可以了解世界各地的情况。考查连词。so that为了；even though尽管；in order to为了，后接短语或单词；instead of代替；“we can find out what’s going on around the world.”是前句的目的，且空格后是句子，应用so that引导目的状语从句，故选A。 18.All the guests at the party were dancing and singing happily ________ the electricity was cut off. A. unless B. while C. when D. because 【答案】C 【解析】句意：停电时，聚会上所有的客人都在高兴地载歌载舞。考查连词辨析。unless除非；while当……时候；when当……时候；because因为。根据“All the guests at the party were dancing and singing happily ... the electricity was cut off.”可知此处表示断电的时候正在载歌载舞，从句是短暂性动作，用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 19.Don’t give up, my friend. You ________ it if you try harder. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made 【答案】C 【解析】句意：不要放弃，我的朋友。如果你更加努力，你会成功的。考查一般将来时。make一般现在时；made一般过去时；will make一般将来时；have made现在完成时。该句是以if引导的条件状语从句，时态上要遵循“主将从现”，从句“you try harder”是一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，故选C。 20.Do it yourself. Remember the old saying—Nobody will help you ________ you help yourself. A. if B. because C. though D. unless 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你自己做吧。记住那句老话——没有人会帮助你，除非你自己帮助自己。考查连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句；though即使，引导让步状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。根据“Nobody will help you”及“Do it yourself”可知此处指“没有人会帮助你，除非你自己帮助自己”。故选D。 21. —I really want to pass the exam for further study. —Believe in yourself. Your dream will come true ________ you put your heart into it. A. even if B. as long as C. however D. so that 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我真的很想通过考试继续学习。——相信自己。只要你用心，你的梦想就会实现。 考查连词辨析。even if即使；as long as只要；however无论如何；so that为了。根据“Your dream will come true...you put your heart into it.”可知，“用心”是“实现梦想”的条件，应用as long as引导条件状语从句，故选B。 22.Three players are now out of the team ________ they were injured last night. A. though B. unless C. until D. because 【答案】D 【解析】句意：三名队员因昨晚受伤而被开除出队。考查连词辨析。though虽然；unless除非；until直到；because因为。后面“they were injured last night”是前面“Three players are now out of the team”的原因，前果后因。故选D。 23.They read the article very carefully ________ they can find out the answer as fast as possible. A. as soon as B. so that C. as long as D. now that 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他们仔细阅读这篇文章，以便尽快找到答案。考查连词辨析。as soon as一……就……；so that以便；as long as只要；now that既然。根据“they can find out the answer as fast as possible.”可知，此处指为了尽快找到答案，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。 24.There are no buses to the beach. ______ you have a car, it’s difficult to get there. A. Since B. After C. Unless D. Because 【答案】C 【解析】句意：没有去海滩的公共汽车。除非你有车，否则很难到达那里。考查连词辨析。since自从；after在……之后；unless除非；because因为。分析“…you have a car, it’s difficult to get there.”可知，此处表示否定的条件，用unless引导条件状语从句，故选C。 25.At the meeting, the managers kept arguing about the problem ______ they reached an agreement. A. after B. when C. until D. since 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在会议上，经理们一直就这个问题争论不休，直到达成协议。考查连词辨析。after在……之后；when当……时；until直到；since自从。根据“the managers kept arguing about the problem …they reached an agreement”可知，直到达成协议为止，故选C。 26.I love to listen to rock music ______ I am running. A. while B. after C. since D. until 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我喜欢在跑步的时候听摇滚乐。考查连词辨析。while当……时；after在……之后；since自从；until直到。根据“I love to listen to rock music…I am running.”可知，此处强调在做某事时，用while+延续动词，故选A。 27.______ he is 72 years old, ______ he keeps running every day. A. Although; but B. Although; / C. But; / 【答案】B 【解析】句意：虽然他已经72岁了，但他坚持每天跑步。考查连词。Although虽然；but但是。分析“…he is 72 years old…he keeps running every day.”可知，前句表示“虽然”，用although连接；英文关联词二选一，不能同时出现，故选B。 28. You may dial this number ________ you run out of food and drink during your stay. A. if B. until C. although D. because 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果您在住宿期间食物和饮料用完了，您可以拨打这个号码。 考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到……为止；although虽然；because因为。“you run out of food and drink during your stay”是“You may dial this number”的条件，所以用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 29. Ann’s mother was doing housework ________ she was reading a book at 8:30 yesterday evening. A. until B. before C. after D. while 【答案】D 【解析】句意：昨天晚上8点半安的妈妈在做家务时，她正在看书。 考查从属连词辨析。until直到；before在……之前；after在……之后；while与……同时，当……的时候。根据句意可知，“安的妈妈在做家务”和“昨天晚上8点半她正在看书”前后句都是过去进行时，两个动作同时发生，故选D。 30. _______ Helen does sports every day, _______ she is very healthy. A. Because；so B. So；because C. /；because D. /；so 【答案】D 【解析】句意：因为海伦每天做运动，所以她很健康。 考查连词。because因为；so所以。根据“Helen does sports every day”和“she is very healthy”可知，两句是因果关系，前句是后句的原因；because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中。故选D。 31. ________ it was very cold, ________ my uncle still went swimming in Longxi River this morning. A. Although; / B. Although; but C. But; although D. Because; but 【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管天气很冷，我叔叔今天早上还是去龙溪河游泳了。 考查让步状语从句。分析原句，前文意思是天气冷，后文意思是我叔叔仍然去游泳了，两者是让步转折关系，故用although尽管，引导，不与but连用，故选A。 32. ________ Wendy is a whizz-kid, she has the same interests as most other students. A. Because B. When C. Although D. As 【答案】C 【解析】句意：尽管温蒂是个天才，但她和大多数其他学生一样有着相同的兴趣。 考查连词辨析。Because因为，引导原因状语从句；When 当……的时候，引导时间状语从句；Although尽管，引导让步状语从句；As由于，引导原因状语从句。根据“Wendy is a whizz-kid”可知此处指“尽管温蒂是个天才，她和大多数其他学生有着相同的兴趣”，用连词although。故选C。 33. We see some restaurants, a few shops and a lot of people ________ I’m on the bus. A. how B. where C. because D. when 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当我在公共汽车上时，我们看到一些餐馆，一些商店和很多人。 考查连词辨析。how怎样；where在哪；because因为；when当……时候。根据“We see some restaurants, a few shops and a lot of people...I’m on the bus.”可知，此处是“当我在公共汽车上时”，应用when引导时间状语从句，故选D。 34. Tom watched the World Cup ______ 11: 30 last night. A. when B. unless C. until D. after 【答案】C 【解析】句意：昨晚Tom观看世界杯一直到11: 30。 考查连词。when当……时候；unless除非；until直到；after在……之后。根据“11: 30 last night.”可知，昨晚Tom一直看到11: 30。故选C。 35. It’s been three years ________ I last saw my friend Jack. A. since B. for C. until D. after 【答案】A 【解析】句意：自从我上次见到我的朋友杰克以来，已经有三年了。 考查连词辨析。since自……以来；for为了，达（后接一段时间）；until直到；after在……之后。It’s been+时间段+since+（一般过去时）从句，表示“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”。故选A。 能力提升 A语法填空（江苏·苏州） When cultures meet, not just their language or clothing may be different. Often their food will be 44 (great) different too. People on both sides can discover new chances for trading. This text 45 (tell) how some common food plants spread around the world. As early as 5, 000 BC, 46 (potato) were traded in South America as a valuable type of food. They were 47 (take) to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s, traders had begun to ship tea from China to Europe. Tea drinking soon 48 (become) fashionable there but because 49 its high price, it remained a drink for the wealthy. Sugar cane (甘蔗) was first used to produce 50 kind of sweet juice over 8, 000 years ago on the island of New Guinea. Its use soon spread across South East Asia and then to the 51 (wide) world. Cocoa was used to make a cold, spicy drink in Central America over 3, 000 years ago. The Europeans brought it back with 52 (they) in the 1520s and added sugar to make the sweet, hot drink we know today. 53 it’s expensive, many people still love it. 【答案】44. greatly 45. tells 46. potatoes 47. taken 48. became 49. of 50. a 51. wider 52. them 53. Although/Though B 阅读还原 How to Improve Your Reading Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. ____1___ Reading well in English is useful for many reasons, not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading in English, the following are just for you! Choose right reading materials (材料). There are so many choices! There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. ____2____ Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content (内容). Be intentional (意图明确的). Being intentional means doing something on purpose with a reason in mind. With reading, you need to be intentional by setting a reading aim. Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day. ____3____ To make sure your daily practice gets done, spare some time and put it in your study plan! ____4____ Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary (词汇) and teach you how to use them. Many words in English are often used together in a consistent (相互连贯的) way. Reading groups of words, or words that go together, will help you better understand how to use your new vocabulary. Don’t try to understand everything. As you’re practicing your reading you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK! Your brain can’t learn so many new things at one time. It’s more important to get the big picture of what you are reading. ___5____ A. Read word groups. B. Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult. C. You could also be intentional with planning a time to read. D. But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey. E. And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later. 【答案】1. D 2 B 3 C 4. A 5. E 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何提高你的阅读。 1.根据“Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task.”可知，学习如何用英语阅读可能不是一件容易的事，但确是必做的事。选项D“但这是你在学习语言的过程中必须要做的。”符合语境，故选D。 2.根据“Choose right reading materials.”和“choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content”可知，本段就选择正确的阅读材料给出建议，建议选择至少理解80%内容的阅读材料，选项B“不要选择太容易或太难的书。”符合语境，故选B。 3.根据“Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day.”可知，确定你每天要读的页数，此处与计划相关，选项C“你也可以有意识地计划一个阅读时间。”符合语境，故选C。 4.根据“Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary and teach you how to use them.”可知，阅读既可以向你介绍新词汇，也可以教你如何使用它们。本段与新词汇相关，选项A“阅读词组。”符合语境，故选A。 5.根据“As you’re practicing your reading, you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK!”可知，当你在练习阅读时，你需要接受你可能不理解每个单词的事实，这没关系！可以读完再回头检查不理解的部分，选项E“你可以回头检查你不理解的新东西。”符合语境，故选E。 C完形填空（24·河南） It was a rainy, windy October afternoon. Garth stood outside his house with a wide smile. This was ____1____ weather for testing his new invention—Umbrella Hat. He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. He carefully ____2____ the hat on his head and started walking ____3____ along the street. It worked! Suddenly, three boys in his neighborhood appeared and ____4____ him. Todd, the biggest one, pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head. “What’s THIS?” he asked. “It’s an Umbrella Hat. You can wear it on rainy days and…” Garth said. The boys ____5____, “Will anyone wear that stupid thing?” Todd threw the hat onto the ground and they ran off. Garth picked up his Umbrella Hat from the ground in tears. “Maybe Todd was ____6____ …in reality, who would ever need his invention?” He lowered his head and thought to himself. Suddenly he ____7____ and saw a lady looking at him. “I was just leaving my house ____8____ I saw you and those boys. Are you okay?” Then she saw the ____9____ Umbrella Hat and asked, “Er… what’s that?” “It’s my Umbrella Hat. I thought of it and made it myself…” answered Garth. “What a creative _____10_____ you have! Don’t ever let stupid boys put you down! Keep inventing and one day you will _____11_____ something really great!” said the lady. “And you have given me a wonderful ____12_____,” she continued, “I have a gadget (小器具) shop—Gadgets4U—and I’d like to hold a _____13_____ to find the best young gadget inventor in our town. I will display (展示) three best inventions in my shop. I’m sure you will have a(n) ____14_____ of winning a prize.” Garth was very _____15_____. Gadgets4U was one of his favorite places and the thought of having his invention displayed in that wonderful place was too exciting for words. He suddenly felt much better and could already feel lots of new ideas coming out, waiting to spring into life! 1. A. cold B. perfect C. strange D. changeable 2. A. raised B. placed C. dropped D. repaired 3. A. heavily B. madly C. thankfully D. purposefully 4. A. guided B. praised C. stopped D. refused 5. A. replied B. laughed C. wondered D. greeted 6. A. right B. angry C. polite D. silly 7. A. came up B. gave up C. looked up D. showed up 8. A. when B. until C. if D. after 9. A. ugly B. old C. broken D. tiny 10. A. mind B. habit C. game D. tool 11. A. show B. meet C. plan D. create 12. A. skill B. gift C. idea D. job 13. A. party B. meeting C. conversation D. competition 14. A. choice B. chance C. excuse D. experience 15. A. surprised B. bored C. relaxed D. worried 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】本文主要介绍了Garth发明了一个雨伞帽，但是三个男孩嘲笑他的发明，他感到很沮丧，但是一个女士鼓励了他，他又重新燃气了希望。 1.句意：这是测试他的新发明雨伞帽的最佳天气。 cold冷的；perfect完美的；strange奇怪的；changeable多变的。根据“It was a rainy”可知下雨的天气测试雨伞帽是完美的。故选B。 2.句意：他小心翼翼地把帽子戴在头上，开始有目的地沿着街道走。 raised提高；placed放置；dropped掉落；repaired修理。根据“the hat on his head”可知是把帽子放在头上。故选B。 3.句意：他小心翼翼地把帽子戴在头上，开始有目的地沿着街道走。 heavily重重地；madly生气地；thankfully感激地；purposefully有意地。根据“along the street”可知他带着雨伞帽在雨中行走是为了测试，所以是有目的的。故选D。 4.句意：突然，他附近的三个男孩出现并拦住了他。 guided指导；praised表扬；stopped阻止，阻拦；refused拒绝。根据“three boys in his neighborhood appeared and”可知是拦住他和他说话。故选C。 5.句意：男孩们笑着说：“有人会戴那个愚蠢的东西吗？” replied回答；laughed笑；wondered想知道；greeted打招呼。根据“Will anyone wear that stupid thing”可知这些男孩笑他的发明很愚蠢。故选B。 6.句意：也许Todd是对的。 right正确的；angry生气的；polite礼貌的；silly愚蠢的。根据“who would ever need his invention”可知他现在也认为Todd也许是对的。故选A。 7.句意：突然，他抬起头来，看到一位女士在看着他。 came up走上前；gave up放弃；looked up向上看；showed up现身。根据“saw a lady looking at him”可知是抬起头看到了一位女士。故选C。 8.句意：我刚离开家，就看到你和那些男孩。 when当……时候；until直到；if如果；after在……后。根据“I was just leaving my house...I saw you...”可知是当看到他们的时候。故选A。 9.句意：然后她看到那顶破伞帽。 ugly丑陋的；old老的；broken破的；tiny小的。根据“Todd threw the hat onto the ground”可知Todd把雨伞帽从他头上拿下来，摔到了地上，所以这个帽子坏了。故选C。 10.句意：你真有创造力！ mind思想；habit习惯；game游戏；tool工具。根据“What a creative...”可知是大脑很有创造力。故选A。 11.句意：继续发明，总有一天你会创造出真正伟大的东西！ show展示；meet遇见；plan计划；create创造。根据“Keep inventing and one day you will”可知是继续发明，会创造出好东西。故选D。 12.句意：你给了我一个绝妙的主意。 skill技能；gift礼物；idea想法；job工作。根据“And you have given me a wonderful...”以及下文的描述“ I’d like to hold a...to find the best young gadget inventor in our town. I will display (展示) three best inventions in my shop.”可知，他给了那位女士一个好的想法。故选C。 13.句意：我想举办一场比赛，寻找我们镇上最优秀的年轻小工具发明者。 party聚会；meeting会议；conversation交谈；competition比赛。根据“find the best young gadget inventor in our town”可知要找到最优秀的发明者，所以要举办比赛。故选D。 14.句意：我相信你会有机会获奖的。 choice选择；chance机会；excuse借口；experience经历。根据“of winning a prize”可知是有机会获奖。故选B。 15.句意：Garth非常吃惊。 surprised吃惊的；bored无聊的；relaxed放松的；worried担心的。根据“Gadgets4U was one of his favorite places”可知这个地方是他最喜欢的地方之一，所以当他听到这个店的老板说他有机会获奖时，他感到很惊讶。故选A。 D阅读理解 A A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 1 . What is the main finding of the new study? A. A new method of venting anger. B. A new method of reducing anger. C. Good activities to vent anger. D. Good activities to reduce anger. 2. What can we learn about calming activities? A. They can reduce feelings of anger. B. They can increase the heart rate. C. They are good for mind health. D. They are good for heart health. 3. According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid? A. You get the feeling of fear. B. You get the feeling of calm. C. Your heart beats fast. D. Your heart beats slowly. 4. The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings. A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4 【答案】1 . D 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。 1 . 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。 B（24·北京） Sam Hill is really bad at finding his way from place to place. The world is full of people like Hill—and their opposites, who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. It has proved hard to explain why. However, with the development of technology, there’s new excitement happening in the research world. An experiment was carried out in 2022 to find out what might influence way finding ability. Researchers developed an online game in which players travel by boat to find where a lot of checkpoints lie. The game asked players to provide basic background information , and nearly four million people worldwide did so. Through the game, the researchers were able to judge navigational (辨识方向的) ability by looking at how far each person traveled to reach all the cheek points. Then they compared players’ performance with their background information. The researchers found that Northern Europeans seemed to be better navigations, perhaps because they love orienteering (定向越野), a sport which involves cross- country running and navigation. And those from cities with more disorganized street networks (网状系统) did better than those from cities with orderly ones. Perhaps people of planned cities don’t need to build complex (复杂的) maps in their minds. Research results like these suggest that people’s life experience decides how well they find their way. In fact, experience may even explain a popular belief that men are more likely to perform better than women. It turns out that this difference is more a question of culture and experience than of in born ability. Northern Europeans, for example, show almost no gender (性别) difference in navigation. However, men do much better than women in places where women face cultural limits on exploring their environment on their own. That finding is also supported by studies on the Tsimane, a community living in a forest in South America. Researchers put GPS units on 305 Tsimane people to check their daily movements over a three-day period, and found no difference between men and women in navigational ability. Even children performed very well—a result, researchers think, of growing up in an environment that encourages children to explore the forest. 1. Why was an experiment carried out in 2022? A. To develop an online way finding game. B. To improve the players’ way finding ability. C. To pick out people who are weak in way finding. D. To find out why people are different in way finding ability. 2. According to the passage, who is probably the best at finding their way? A. A woman who often explores nature. B. A girl who studies South American culture. C. A man who runs on a sports ground every morning. D. A boy who lives in a city with an orderly street network. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Good navigators are mostly made, not born. B. Navigation skills differ between the genders. C. Navigation skills are passed down, never lost. D. Good navigators bring developments in technology. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 【导语】本文主要探讨了人们在辨识方向能力上的差异及其原因。研究表明，生活经验决定了人们的辨识方向能力，文化和经验比天生能力更重要。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“An experiment was carried out in 2022 to find out what might influence way finding ability.”可知，2022年进行实验的目的是找出人们认路能力不同的原因。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Research results like these suggest that people’s life experience decides how well they find their way.”可知，人们的生活经历决定了他们在认路方面的表现，结合最后一段最后一句“Even children performed very well—a result, researchers think, of growing up in an environment that encourages children to explore the forest.”可知，A选项“一个经常探索自然的女性”最为符合。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, experience may even explain a popular belief that men are more likely to perform better than women. It turns out that this difference is more a question of culture and experience than of in born ability. ”可知，事实上，经验甚至可以解释一种普遍的观点——男性比女性更有可能表现得更好。事实证明，这种差异与其说是天生的能力问题，不如说是文化和经验的问题。由此推知，好的领航员大多是培养出来的，而不是天生的。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第十五讲、主从复合句 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 3 （1）宾语从句 3 考向一、宾语从句连接词 3 考向二、宾语从句语序 4 考向三、宾语从句时态 4 （2）定语从句 4 考向1 定语从句的关系词 （关系副词不作重点讲） 4 考向2 关系代词的基本用法 4 考向3 定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况 5 （3）状语从句 5 考向1 状语从句的从属连词（重点考向） 5 考向2 状语从句的时态 6 分层训练·巩固提升 6 基础巩固 6 （1）宾语从句巩固 6 （2）定语从句基础巩固 11 （3）状语从句基础巩固 12 能力提升 15 主从复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成，从句在复合句中充当一定成分。初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的用法。 宾语从句 宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。 中考考查重点： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 定语从句 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法； 冠词副词的用法； 非限制性定语从句的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 状语从句 状语从句的定义 用来修饰动词和形容词，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间，地点，原因等等的句子叫做状语从句。 考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，状语从句是每年的必考点，从属连词的考查一般出现在单项选择或语法选择或者完形填空中，状语从句的时态(主将从现)也是一个常考点。理解句意，分析句子逻辑关系。是解题的关键。 状语从句的分类 一、时间状语从句 二、原因状语从句 三、条件状语从句 四、让步状语从句 五、目的状语从句 六、结果状语从句 七、比较状语从句 （1）宾语从句 考向一、宾语从句连接词 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 考向二、宾语从句语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 考向三、宾语从句时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从任） 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。（主过从过） 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态 （2）定语从句 考向1 定语从句的关系副词 （关系副词不作重点讲） 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 考向2 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 关系代词 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 3. 注意：(1) 关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 4. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 5 注意：定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： 定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况： (1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that” Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？ (2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that” Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that” This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。 (4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that” He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 (5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that” This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。 He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。 (6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that” They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。 (7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that” Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？ （3）状语从句 考向1 状语从句的从属连词（重点考向） 分类 连接词 例句 时间 状语从句 when/while/as, before, after, since, until, as soon as She was cooking when someone knocked at the door. He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin. I didn’t go to bed until she came back. 条件 状语从句 if, as long as, unless I’ll go to see you if I have time. They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday 原因 状语从句 because, since, as, for He didn’t catch the first bus because he got up too late. We should study hard since we are students. 目的 状语从句 so that, in order that Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it. 结果 状语从句 so that, so…that/such…that It’s so hot that we want to go swimming. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away. 让步 状语从句 though/although, even if Although it’s raining hard, they are still working hard in the field. 比较 状语从句 than, as…as, not as/so…as He ran as fast as Mike. 考向2 状语从句的时态 状语从句的时态(主将从现)也是一个常考点 （1）宾语从句巩固 1.(2024·北京）—Tim, do you know ________ the art festival? — Sure! Next Friday. A. when did we hold B. when we held C. when will we hold D. when we will hold 2.(2024·安徽）—Could you tell us ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner? —Talking about weather is a good choice. A. how B. whether C. why D. when 3.(2024·武汉）The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ________. A. what is knowledge B. how we can get knowledge C. why is practice powerful D. when we should start practicing 4.(2024·山东）— Could you tell me _________? — He likes the Science Museum best. A. when Kevin visited the museum B. which museum Kevin likes best C. when did Kevin visit the museum D. which museum does Kevin like best 5.（2024·江苏扬州）Teenagers don’t always understand ________ their parents have so many rules. A. why B. which C. where D. what 6. （2024·山东滨州） —I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer vacation. I wonder _________. —Why not go online to get more information about it? A. where can I eat something special B. if July is the best time to go there C. that local people are very friendly to visitors. D. when will the 9th Asian Winter Games be held in Harbin 7.（2024·江苏常州）—Could you tell me ______? —Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first? A. where can I buy a home robot B. where I can buy a home robot C. how can I turn the home robot on D. how I can turn the home robot on 8. （2024·北京平谷·二模）—Do you know ________ the National Museum? —Next Friday. A. when will we visit B. when did we visit C. when we will visit D. when we visited 9.（2024·北京丰台·二模）—Can you tell me ________? —Yes. He went there by train yesterday. A. when Mark goes to Chengdu B. when does Mark go to Chengdu C. how Mark went to Chengdu D. how did Mark go to Chengdu 10.（2024·北京大兴·二模）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? —At 9:30 a.m. every day. A. when does the science museum open B. when did the science museum open C. when the science museum opens D. when the science museum opened 11.（2024·北京房山·二模）— Could you please tell me ________ this photo so much? — Because it shows the launch of Chang’e 6 in Wenchang. I’m proud of it. A. why do you value B. why you value C. why will you value D. why you will value 12.（2024·北京朝阳·二模）—Kate, could you tell me ________? —Sure. To share my favorite book with my classmates. A. why did you take part in the Reading Festival B. why you took part in the Reading Festival C. when did you take part in the Reading Festival D. when you took part in the Reading Festival 13.（2024·北京海淀·二模）—Alex, do you know ________? —Yes, it’s going to be ready for use after the summer vacation. A. when the new science lab opened B. when did the new science lab open C. when the new science lab will open D. when will the new science lab open 14. （2024·武汉二模）— Mike, your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is coming. Shall we celebrate it together? — I’d love to, but could you tell me ________? A. what is the meaning of the festival B. where we had the celebration C. how you usually celebrate the festival D. when is this year’s Dragon Boat Festival 15.（2023·江苏扬州）—I’m wondering ________ at a low price. —You can book one through our official APP. A. how I can buy the air ticket B. how can I buy the air ticket C. when I can buy the air ticket D. when can I buy the air ticket 16.（2023·湖北武汉）This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers” tells us ________. A. how should we treat people B. who we can learn from C. what did we say in public D. why we need teachers 17.（2023·湖北鄂州）—Could you tell me ________ get something to eat? —Sure. There’s a restaurant down the street. A. what I can B. what can I C. where can I D. where I can 18.（2023·北京）—Lily, can you tell me ________ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year? —Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race. A. what you will do B. what you did C. what will you do D. what did you do 19.（2023·扬州 ） —I’m wondering ________ at a low price. —You can book one through our official APP. A. how I can buy the air ticket B. how can I buy the air ticket C. when I can buy the air ticket D. when can I buy the air ticket 20.（2023·江苏无锡 ）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise! A. had come B. have come C. would come D. will come 21.（2023· 江苏无锡）12. —You know ________? In 12 hours! — That’s crazy. How is it even possible? A. how soon we must finish the task B. how often we must finish the task C. how soon must we finish the task D. how often must we finish the task 22.（2023·江苏连云港 ） —Sarah, do you know ________? —It’s on April 23. A. what is World Book Day B. what World Book Day is C. when is World Book Day D. when World Book Day is 23. —Congratulations! I knew that you ________ get a lot of offers. —Thanks. But I ________ for the reply from my dream school at present. A. will; wait B. would; was waiting C. will; waited D. would; am still waiting 24. —Tom, can you tell me ________ an e-mail to you? —Of course. It’s easy. A. how can I send B. how I could send C. how to send D. what to send 25. I wasn’t sure what ________ for my school project, so I asked my dad what I should do. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 26. —I wonder ________ it will rain tomorrow. —Oh, the weather report says it will be sunny. A. if B. that C. when D. how 27. —I wonder ________ this year. —It will fall on a Sunday. A. how will the Lantern Festival fall on B. how the Lantern Festival will fall on C. what day will the Lantern Festival fall on D. what day the Lantern Festival will fall on 28. —Could you please tell me _______? —It’s next to the post office. A. where the supermarket is B. how we can be healthier C. why so many people like shopping D. what we can buy in the mall 29. I wonder ________ you would like to go hiking with us this weekend. A. that B. what C. if D. when 30. —What will you remember after leaving school? —I will always remember________. A. how my friends and teachers used to help me B. when did my friends and teachers arrive C. what the teachers and friends will say to me D. where could my friends and teachers meet 31. —I have no idea if my friend ________ to my housewarming party in two days. —If she ________, I won’t pick her up at the railway station. A. will come, comes B. doesn’t come, won’t come C. comes, doesn’t come D. will come, doesn’t come 32. — Dave, could you tell me ________? — Go straight, and turn right at the first crossing. A. how can I get to the bookstore B. how I can get to the bookstore C. when can I get to the bookstore D. when I can get to the bookstore 33. —Do you know ________? —It takes a little time to watch one, and it’s an easy way to kill time. A. how people make short videos B. why short videos become popular C. what we can do with short videos D. where can we watch short videos 34. We are proud of ______ we have achieved in the past twenty years. A. who B. which C. what D. that 35. —What did Amy ask you after the meeting? —She asked me _________. A. what I do for the project last week B. if can I finish the work on time C. how did I deal with the problem D. why I was late for the meeting 36. — I am worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not. — Work hard and trust in yourself. A. why B. what C. whether D. where 37.I hope _______ all of us can pass the exam. A. that B. how C. whether D. what 38. He said that light ________much faster than sound. A. travels B. travelled C. travelling D. will travel 39. —Tony looks unhappy. Do you know ________? —Sorry, I don’t know either. But as his friend, we should go and cheer him up. A. what is happened to him B. what’s the matter with him C. what wrong with him is 40. Sometimes we are asked ________ the likely result of an action will be. A. that we think B. what do we C. what we think D. that what we think （2）定语从句基础巩固 1.（2023·湖北十堰） I will remember the important people ________ helped and supported me in my life. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who 2.（2023·黑龙江牡丹市）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved. A. who B. that C. whom 3.（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨）—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A. where B. which C. who 1.– Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV? – Sure. It’s a great TV program can develop the habit of reading. A. who B. that C. what D. whose 2.He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need. A. who he B. whose C. / D. who 3.The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that 4.The man ______ talked to you just now is my father. A. who B. he C. which D. whose 5.They thought too much about ______. A. which I had said B. what I had said C. that I had said D. I had said 6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house _______ he was born in. A. where B. which C. who D. it 6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house _______ he was born. A. where B. which C. who D. it 7.Tom dislikes people ______ talk much but never do anything. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 8. He talked to me about the things and people ______ he came across in China. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 9.I hope _______ all of us can pass the exam. A. that B. how C. whether D. what 10.—Do you know the boy ______ hand writing won the first in the competition? —Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which （3）状语从句基础巩固 1.(2024·安徽）—There is still a long way to go _________ we finish the task. —Don’t worry. Let’s go on with it together. A. as long as B. as soon as C. before D. because 2.(2024·江苏常州）Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ______ you often use them. A. when B. unless C. if D. until 3.(2024·江苏扬州）________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list. A. If B. Until C. Although D. Unless 4. （2024·江苏无锡一模）Living in a fast-developing world, we will fall behind ________ we keep learning. A. though B. since C. after D. unless 5（2024·江苏扬州一模）________ it is only a road with a few cherry trees, it’s crowded with tourists who come here in March. A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although 6.（2024·安徽一模）In China, we can’t start to eat ________ everyone is at table. It’s one of our Chinese table manners. A. until B. since C. while D. although 7. （2024·江苏南京一模）Sometimes Dad goes shopping with us ________ he doesn’t like it very much. A. because B. so C. though D. if 8.（2024·山东东营口一模）The volunteers continued their work ________ they were very tired. A. if B. because C. although D. as 9.（2023·湖北孝感）—How time flies! We’ll graduate from middle school this weekend! —________ we have to say goodbye, I will remember our friendship forever. A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Until 10.(2023·安徽) Our country will be much better for everyone in future ________ we all do something to help now. A. if B. before C. so that D. even though 11.(2024·江苏南通) ________ you can’t work out the problem, perhaps you need to ask your classmates for help. A. Unless B. Though C. Since D. Whether 12.(2024·无锡) I will try my best to help you, ________ I don’t know what to start with yet. A. whether B. since C. though D. until 13.(2024·山东滨州) —I think I am the shyest in my class. What should I do? —Be more active in class ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself. A. or B. so that C. unless D. although 14. （2023·江苏无锡一模试题）Susan is an excellent swimmer. I’m sure she’ll get a good place ________ she takes part in the competition. A. before B. though C. unless D. if 15.______ we always wait for another day, fruitlessly our life will pass away. A. Until B. If C. Although D. Whether 16.______ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room. A. As soon as B. Unless C. If D. Although 17. Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ______ we can find out what’s going on around the world. A. so that B. even though C. in order to D. instead of 18.All the guests at the party were dancing and singing happily ________ the electricity was cut off. A. unless B. while C. when D. because 19.Don’t give up, my friend. You ________ it if you try harder. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made 20.Do it yourself. Remember the old saying—Nobody will help you ________ you help yourself. A. if B. because C. though D. unless 21. —I really want to pass the exam for further study. —Believe in yourself. Your dream will come true ________ you put your heart into it. A. even if B. as long as C. however D. so that 22.Three players are now out of the team ________ they were injured last night. A. though B. unless C. until D. because 23.They read the article very carefully ________ they can find out the answer as fast as possible. A. as soon as B. so that C. as long as D. now that 24.There are no buses to the beach. ______ you have a car, it’s difficult to get there. A. Since B. After C. Unless D. Because 25.At the meeting, the managers kept arguing about the problem ______ they reached an agreement. A. after B. when C. until D. since 26.I love to listen to rock music ______ I am running. A. while B. after C. since D. until 27.______ he is 72 years old, ______ he keeps running every day. A. Although; but B. Although; / C. But; / 28. You may dial this number ________ you run out of food and drink during your stay. A. if B. until C. although D. because 29. Ann’s mother was doing housework ________ she was reading a book at 8:30 yesterday evening. A. until B. before C. after D. while 30. _______ Helen does sports every day, _______ she is very healthy. A. Because；so B. So；because C. /；because D. /；so 31. ________ it was very cold, ________ my uncle still went swimming in Longxi River this morning. A. Although; / B. Although; but C. But; although D. Because; but 32. ________ Wendy is a whizz-kid, she has the same interests as most other students. A. Because B. When C. Although D. As 33. We see some restaurants, a few shops and a lot of people ________ I’m on the bus. A. how B. where C. because D. when 34. Tom watched the World Cup ______ 11: 30 last night. A. when B. unless C. until D. after 35. It’s been three years ________ I last saw my friend Jack. A. since B. for C. until D. after 能力提升 A语法填空（江苏·苏州） When cultures meet, not just their language or clothing may be different. Often their food will be 44 (great) different too. People on both sides can discover new chances for trading. This text 45 (tell) how some common food plants spread around the world. As early as 5, 000 BC, 46 (potato) were traded in South America as a valuable type of food. They were 47 (take) to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s, traders had begun to ship tea from China to Europe. Tea drinking soon 48 (become) fashionable there but because 49 its high price, it remained a drink for the wealthy. Sugar cane (甘蔗) was first used to produce 50 kind of sweet juice over 8, 000 years ago on the island of New Guinea. Its use soon spread across South East Asia and then to the 51 (wide) world. Cocoa was used to make a cold, spicy drink in Central America over 3, 000 years ago. The Europeans brought it back with 52 (they) in the 1520s and added sugar to make the sweet, hot drink we know today. 53 it’s expensive, many people still love it. B 阅读还原 How to Improve Your Reading Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. ____1___ Reading well in English is useful for many reasons, not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading in English, the following are just for you! Choose right reading materials (材料). There are so many choices! There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. ____2____ Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content (内容). Be intentional (意图明确的). Being intentional means doing something on purpose with a reason in mind. With reading, you need to be intentional by setting a reading aim. Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day. ____3____ To make sure your daily practice gets done, spare some time and put it in your study plan! ____4____ Reading can both introduce you to new vocabulary (词汇) and teach you how to use them. Many words in English are often used together in a consistent (相互连贯的) way. Reading groups of words, or words that go together, will help you better understand how to use your new vocabulary. Don’t try to understand everything. As you’re practicing your reading you need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK! Your brain can’t learn so many new things at one time. It’s more important to get the big picture of what you are reading. ___5____ A. Read word groups. B. Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult. C. You could also be intentional with planning a time to read. D. But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey. E. And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later. C完形填空（24·河南） It was a rainy, windy October afternoon. Garth stood outside his house with a wide smile. This was ____1____ weather for testing his new invention—Umbrella Hat. He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. He carefully ____2____ the hat on his head and started walking ____3____ along the street. It worked! Suddenly, three boys in his neighborhood appeared and ____4____ him. Todd, the biggest one, pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head. “What’s THIS?” he asked. “It’s an Umbrella Hat. You can wear it on rainy days and…” Garth said. The boys ____5____, “Will anyone wear that stupid thing?” Todd threw the hat onto the ground and they ran off. Garth picked up his Umbrella Hat from the ground in tears. “Maybe Todd was ____6____ …in reality, who would ever need his invention?” He lowered his head and thought to himself. Suddenly he ____7____ and saw a lady looking at him. “I was just leaving my house ____8____ I saw you and those boys. Are you okay?” Then she saw the ____9____ Umbrella Hat and asked, “Er… what’s that?” “It’s my Umbrella Hat. I thought of it and made it myself…” answered Garth. “What a creative _____10_____ you have! Don’t ever let stupid boys put you down! Keep inventing and one day you will _____11_____ something really great!” said the lady. “And you have given me a wonderful ____12_____,” she continued, “I have a gadget (小器具) shop—Gadgets4U—and I’d like to hold a _____13_____ to find the best young gadget inventor in our town. I will display (展示) three best inventions in my shop. I’m sure you will have a(n) ____14_____ of winning a prize.” Garth was very _____15_____. Gadgets4U was one of his favorite places and the thought of having his invention displayed in that wonderful place was too exciting for words. He suddenly felt much better and could already feel lots of new ideas coming out, waiting to spring into life! 1. A. cold B. perfect C. strange D. changeable 2. A. raised B. placed C. dropped D. repaired 3. A. heavily B. madly C. thankfully D. purposefully 4. A. guided B. praised C. stopped D. refused 5. A. replied B. laughed C. wondered D. greeted 6. A. right B. angry C. polite D. silly 7. A. came up B. gave up C. looked up D. showed up 8. A. when B. until C. if D. after 9. A. ugly B. old C. broken D. tiny 10. A. mind B. habit C. game D. tool 11. A. show B. meet C. plan D. create 12. A. skill B. gift C. idea D. job 13. A. party B. meeting C. conversation D. competition 14. A. choice B. chance C. excuse D. experience 15. A. surprised B. bored C. relaxed D. worried D阅读理解 A A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 1 . What is the main finding of the new study? A. A new method of venting anger. B. A new method of reducing anger. C. Good activities to vent anger. D. Good activities to reduce anger. 2. What can we learn about calming activities? A. They can reduce feelings of anger. B. They can increase the heart rate. C. They are good for mind health. D. They are good for heart health. 3. According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid? A. You get the feeling of fear. B. You get the feeling of calm. C. Your heart beats fast. D. Your heart beats slowly. 4. The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings. A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4 B（24·北京） Sam Hill is really bad at finding his way from place to place. The world is full of people like Hill—and their opposites, who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. It has proved hard to explain why. However, with the development of technology, there’s new excitement happening in the research world. An experiment was carried out in 2022 to find out what might influence way finding ability. Researchers developed an online game in which players travel by boat to find where a lot of checkpoints lie. The game asked players to provide basic background information , and nearly four million people worldwide did so. Through the game, the researchers were able to judge navigational (辨识方向的) ability by looking at how far each person traveled to reach all the cheek points. Then they compared players’ performance with their background information. The researchers found that Northern Europeans seemed to be better navigations, perhaps because they love orienteering (定向越野), a sport which involves cross- country running and navigation. And those from cities with more disorganized street networks (网状系统) did better than those from cities with orderly ones. Perhaps people of planned cities don’t need to build complex (复杂的) maps in their minds. Research results like these suggest that people’s life experience decides how well they find their way. In fact, experience may even explain a popular belief that men are more likely to perform better than women. It turns out that this difference is more a question of culture and experience than of in born ability. Northern Europeans, for example, show almost no gender (性别) difference in navigation. However, men do much better than women in places where women face cultural limits on exploring their environment on their own. That finding is also supported by studies on the Tsimane, a community living in a forest in South America. Researchers put GPS units on 305 Tsimane people to check their daily movements over a three-day period, and found no difference between men and women in navigational ability. Even children performed very well—a result, researchers think, of growing up in an environment that encourages children to explore the forest. 1. Why was an experiment carried out in 2022? A. To develop an online way finding game. B. To improve the players’ way finding ability. C. To pick out people who are weak in way finding. D. To find out why people are different in way finding ability. 2. According to the passage, who is probably the best at finding their way? A. A woman who often explores nature. B. A girl who studies South American culture. C. A man who runs on a sports ground every morning. D. A boy who lives in a city with an orderly street network. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Good navigators are mostly made, not born. B. Navigation skills differ between the genders. C. Navigation skills are passed down, never lost. D. Good navigators bring developments in technology. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$