专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇（新高考八省专用）（第二期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考八省专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考八省专用) 第二期 专题08 说明文15篇 （24-25高三上·山西晋中·阶段练习）Across the US, small farmers have been struggling for years to cover their costs of production. Even for organic farmers, who can sell the produce at higher prices, making a profit is tough. But throughout the Midwest, a new farm-to-table strategy is helping some farmers. At Stoney Acres in Athens, Wisconsin, the farmyard is transformed every Friday night between May and October-as hundreds of people come to order organic pizzas. On one summer evening, Brenda and Josh Murray order one of the simple pizzas; pepperoni. All the ingredients (食材), except the cheese, are grown on the farm. The cheese is made at a neighboring family farm. Even the sausages are from pigs raised at Stoney Acres. Kat Becker and Tony Schultz, the owners of Stoney Acres have been selling their produce through a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program. They also produce honey and supply vegetables to a local school. But pizza is opening a new frontier for their farm. “Our CSA program, which has been our backbone and used to be about 85% of our income, is now a little bit more than 50% of our income,” Becker says. “In these growing direct markets, we can have more control over the pricing.” While cutting out the middle man may be an advantage, there’s clearly more to it. Sarah Lakewood has been coming to pizza night at Stoney Acres since it started. “I had never experienced anything like it before,” she says. “It got to the point where we were coming every week and, then, when we were here that last night the first summer. I felt like we were going to lose some friends for six months.” It’s estimated that there are now a few dozen farms in Wisconsin, Mipnesora and lowa offering pizza nights. Lots of family farmers have given up the farm since pizza night offers a way to increase their odds of survival while offering a new social space for their customers. 1．Which of the following can best describe the US small farmers? A．Farming is not very profitable. B．Organic produce s very profitable. C．The costs of production are decreasing. D．There are many easier ways to make money. 2．According to the text, the farm-to-table strategy . A．will help popularize organic farming B．has already replaced the CSA program C．can give farmers more say on the prices D．is facing fierce resistance from middle men 3．What does Sarah Lakewood like about the pizza night? A．The cheap food. B．The foreign ingredients. C．The weekly parties. D．The friendly atmosphere. 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Technology. B．Agriculture. C．Culture. D．Advertisement. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要讨论了美国小农场主面临的挑战以及一种新的“农场到餐桌”的策略如何帮助他们增加收入和社交空间。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Across the US, small farmers have been struggling for years to cover their costs of production.(在美国，小农场主多年来一直在努力支付生产成本。)”可知，美国小农场主一直都在尽力支付其生产成本，故其农业不是很赚钱，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“All the ingredients (食材), except the cheese, are grown on the farm. The cheese is made at a neighboring family farm. Even the sausages are from pigs raised at Stoney Acres.(除了奶酪以外，所有的食材都是在农场种植的。奶酪是在邻近的家庭农场制作的。就连香肠都是用斯通尼农场养的猪做的。)”和第五段““Our CSA program, which has been our backbone and used to be about 85% of our income, is now a little bit more than 50% of our income,” Becker says. “In these growing direct markets, we can have more control over the pricing.”(Becker说道：“我们的CSA项目一直都是我们的支柱，过去约占我们收入的85%，现在只占我们收入的50%多一点。在这些不断增长的直接市场中，我们可以对定价有更多的控制权。”)”可推知，“农场到餐桌”的策略减少了农民对CSA项目的依赖，使得农民对价格有了更多的控制权，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““I had never experienced anything like it before,” she says. “It got to the point where we were coming every week and, then, when we were here that last night the first summer. I felt like we were going to lose some friends for six months.” (她说道：“我以前从来没有经历过这样的事情。这已经到了我们每周都要来的地步，然后，当我们第一个夏天的最后一个晚上的时候，我感觉我会失去一些朋友六个月。”)”可推知，Sarah Lakewood喜欢的是大家在一起度过的时间，在一起的这种友好的氛围，分开后就感觉会失去这些朋友，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Across the US, small farmers have been struggling for years to cover their costs of production.(在美国，小农场主多年来一直在努力支付生产成本。)”以及后文的介绍可知，本文主要讨论了美国小农场主面临的挑战以及一种新的“农场到餐桌”的策略如何帮助他们增加收入和社交空间，故这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的农业专栏里，故选B。 （24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习）Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce your risk of dying from any cause, the largest analysis to date suggests-although the more you walk, the greater the health benefits. The idea that a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle is linked to poorer health is well-established, but it has been unclear what the optimal (最佳的) number of steps people should aim for is, and whether there is an upper limit beyond which further health gains are minimal. To investigate, researchers led by Maciej Banach, a professor of cardiology (心脏病学) at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland, drew on data from 17 previous studies — involving 226,889 people, who were followed for an average seven years — to assess the health impacts of different daily step counts. The study, published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, suggested that walking at least 3,967 steps a day started to reduce the risk of dying from any cause, while 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular (心血管的) diseases. Above these cut-offs, each increase of 1,000 steps a day was associated with a 15% reduction in the risk of dying from any cause, while an increase of 500 steps a day was associated with a 7% reduction in dying from cardiovascular disease. “Our study confirms that the more you walk, the better. We found that this applied to both men and women, regardless of age, and regardless of where you live,” Banach said. For younger age groups, the sharpest improvement in health was seen in individuals taking between 7,000 and 13,000 daily steps, while for those aged 60 years and over, it was at between 6,000 to 10,000 steps. James Leiper, the associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation, said, “This research shows us just how good walking is for our health. If you packaged the benefits as a pill, we would be praising it as a wonder drug. What’s great about walking is that it does not require special equipment or training, and you can do it almost anywhere.” 1．Why did the researchers do the study? A．To seek reasons for cardiovascular diseases. B．To compare different ways of keeping healthy. C．To test whether walking can reduce early death. D．To find out the ideal number of steps for improved health. 2．How did the researchers draw their conclusions? A．By comparing the results. B．By listing some examples. C．By surveying the participants. D．By using data from earlier investigations. 3．What is James Leiper’s opinion about walking? A．It isn’t a wonder drug. B．It does not require training. C．It has minimal health benefits. D．It should be done in specific areas. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Risks of a Sedentary Lifestyle B．The Healthy Lifestyle for All Age Groups C．The Benefits and Harm Walking Can Bring D．Walking As Few As 4,000 Steps a Day Can Reduce Risk of Dying 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了研究发现每天至少走4000步可以降低死亡风险。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The idea that a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle is linked to poorer health is well-established, but it has been unclear what the optimal (最佳的) number of steps people should aim for is, and whether there is an upper limit beyond which further health gains are minimal.(久坐不动的生活方式与较差的健康状况有关的观点已经得到了证实，但人们的最佳步数应该是多少，以及是否存在一个上限，超过这个上限，进一步的健康益处就会微乎其微，这一点一直不清楚)”可知，研究人员做这项研究是为了找出改善健康的理想步数。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To investigate, researchers led by Maciej Banach, a professor of cardiology (心脏病学) at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland, drew on data from 17 previous studies — involving 226,889 people, who were followed for an average seven years — to assess the health impacts of different daily step counts.(为了进行调查，由波兰罗兹医科大学心脏病学教授Maciej Banach领导的研究人员利用了先前17项研究的数据——涉及226889人，平均随访7年——来评估不同的每日步数对健康的影响)”可知，研究人员通过使用早期调查的数据得出结论。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What’s great about walking is that it does not require special equipment or training, and you can do it almost anywhere.(步行的好处是它不需要特殊的设备或训练，你几乎可以在任何地方进行)”可知，詹姆斯·莱珀认为步行不需要训练。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce your risk of dying from any cause, the largest analysis to date suggests-although the more you walk, the greater the health benefits.(一项迄今为止规模最大的分析表明，即使每天只走4000步，也可能降低你死于任何原因的风险——尽管你走得越多，对健康的好处就越大)”结合本文主要介绍了每天至少走4000步可以降低死亡风险。故D选项“每天只走4000步就能降低死亡风险”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）In 1949, a long- lost- letter from Albert Einstein to engineer Glyn Davys revealed the famed physicist’s thinking about the possibility of animals having super senses. Over 70 years later, his assumptions proved astonishingly accurate. While Davys’s original inquiry has been lost, Einstein’s response suggested the engineer’s curiosity about animal perception (感知) and its implications for understanding the physical world. Einstein wrote, “It is thinkable that the investigation of the behavior of migratory birds and carrier pigeons (信鸽) may some day lead to the understanding of some physical process which is not yet known.” Today, we know that birds can sense Earth’s magnetıc field (磁场) using special light- sensitive cells in their eyes, allowing them to navigate vast distances without getting lost. Other animals, such as turtles, dogs and bees, also exhibit remarkable abilities to detect our planet’s magnetic field. At the time of the correspondence, biological and physical sciences were beginning to intersect in new ways. Bat echolocation (回声定位) had been discovered, and radar technology was emerging. Davys, as a researcher in these fields, was attracted by unusual animal senses, such as those exhibited by bees. Einstein was also fascinated by the potential of biological science to reveal hidden physical forces. In his letter, Einstein acknowledged his familiarity with Karl von Frisch, who had discovered that bees navigate using the polarization patterns of light. He had even attended one of Karl von Frisch’s lectures at Princeton University and met the researcher personally. While Davys seemed primarily interested in how new biological insights could inform future technology, Einstein advocated more biological study. He believed that such research could just affect the foundation of physics if it revealed a new type of sensory perception or stimuli through animal behavior. Since then, our understanding of bee behavior and animal perception has advanced significantly, and this knowledge has already helped improve technology, for example, smartphone cameras. However, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light or sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary across species. 1．What does Einstein’s letter indicate? A．Animal perception is irrelevant to physics. B．Carrier pigeons are lacking in super senses. C．Engineers should overlook animal behavior. D．Birds may help discover the new physical process. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Davys found bees’ navigation mode. B．Einstein valued the research across subjects. C．Echolocation was discovered later than radar technology. D．Karl von Frisch’s work was challenged at Princeton University. 3．What was Einstein, more focused on according to paragraph 5? A．The reason for animals’ super senses. B．The difference between biology and physics. C．The impact of biological research on physics. D．The application of biology in future technology. 4．What does the last paragraph convey? A．Bee behavior remains a mystery. B．More research is needed on animal perception. C．Our knowledge about animals is comprehensive. D．The magnetic field helps animals to locate precisely. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱因斯坦写的一封信，信中探讨了动物超感知能力，并讨论了科学家在这一领域探索的进展及其对物理学和技术的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“While Davys’s original inquiry has been lost, Einstein’s response suggested the engineer’s curiosity about animal perception (感知) and its implications for understanding the physical world. Einstein wrote, “It is thinkable that the investigation of the behavior of migratory birds and carrier pigeons (信鸽) may some day lead to the understanding of some physical process which is not yet known.”(虽然戴维斯最初的研究已经失传，但爱因斯坦的回答表明了这位工程师对动物感知的好奇心，以及它对理解物理世界的影响。爱因斯坦写道：“可以想象，对候鸟和信鸽行为的研究可能有一天会导致对一些尚不知道的物理过程的理解。”)”可知，爱因斯坦的信表明了鸟类可能有助于发现新的物理过程。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Einstein was also fascinated by the potential of biological science to reveal hidden physical forces.(爱因斯坦还着迷于生物科学揭示隐藏的物理力量的潜力)”可知，爱因斯坦对跨学科研究的重视。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“While Davys seemed primarily interested in how new biological insights could inform future technology, Einstein advocated more biological study. He believed that such research could just affect the foundation of physics if it revealed a new type of sensory perception or stimuli through animal behavior.(戴维斯似乎主要对新的生物学见解如何影响未来的技术感兴趣，而爱因斯坦则主张进行更多的生物学研究。他认为，如果这种研究揭示了一种通过动物行为产生的新的感官知觉或刺激，那么它将影响物理学的基础)”可知，爱因斯坦更关注生物学研究对物理学的影响。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Since then, our understanding of bee behavior and animal perception has advanced significantly, and this knowledge has already helped improve technology, for example, smartphone cameras. However, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light or sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary across species.(从那时起，我们对蜜蜂行为和动物感知的理解有了显著的进步，这些知识已经帮助改进了技术，例如智能手机摄像头。然而，关于动物感知光或地球磁场的精确机制仍然是一个谜，因为它可能因物种而异)”可知，最后一段表达了需要对动物的感知进行更多的研究。故选B。 （2024·陕西·一模）Having a glass of wine with dinner every night has been regarded as a relatively harmless way to relax. However, a recent study suggests that there may be no “safe” limit for alcohol and that not drinking at all is the best way to protect your heart. The researchers examined data from seven international studies on drinking and high blood pressure, involving over 19,000 people from the US, Korea and Japan. The participants were asked how much alcohol they drank each day, and this was compared with their blood pressure readings over a follow-up period averaging five years. Blood pressure increased as people aged, but the most rapid increases were seen in heavy drinkers, defined as those who drank about three glasses of wine per day. The researchers said they found that people drinking at lower levels also saw a significant increase in blood pressure over time, compared with those who were teetotal. There has been fierce debate over whether moderate (适量的) alcohol consumption can be beneficial to health, with some studies linking wine and lower rates of heart disease. However, this new study supports the idea that even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful to the heart. Marco Vinceti, lead author of the study and a professor at Boston University, said, “We were somewhat surprised to see that consuming an already low level of alcohol was also linked to higher blood pressure changes over time compared with no consumption — although far less than the blood pressure increase seen in heavy drinkers. That means moderate alcohol consumption isn’t a beneficial choice at all.” High blood pressure puts a burden on blood vessels, the heart, and other organs, such as the brain, kidneys and eyes, and can lead to a number of serious health problems including heart attacks, strokes and vascular dementia. Alcohol is certainly not the only driver of increases in blood pressure. However, the findings confirm it contributes in a meaningful way. Limiting alcohol intake is probably not enough — it’s better to avoid it. 1．How did the researchers arrive at their findings? A．They analyzed data from several studies. B．They tracked 190,000 people for over five years. C．They made observations in a controlled lab setting. D．They carried out some experiments nationwide only. 2．What does the underlined word “teetotal” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Old. B．Non-drinking. C．Healthy. D．Addicted. 3．What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The cause of high blood pressure. B．The harm of high blood pressure. C．Common serious health problems. D．The terrible results of heart attacks. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To prove a glass of wine every night is beneficial. B．To recommend a relatively harmless way to relax. C．To urge people to stay away from alcohol completely. D．To show moderate alcohol consumption is well received. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，即使低量饮酒也会导致血压上升。因此，作者建议完全远离酒以保护心脏。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“The researchers examined data from seven international studies on drinking and high blood pressure, involving over 19,000 people from the US, Korea and Japan.(研究人员检查了来自七项关于饮酒和高血压的国际研究的数据，涉及来自美国、韩国和日本的19000多人)”可知，研究人员是通过分析几项研究的数据得出他们的发现的。故选A项。 2．词义猜测题。根据上文“Blood pressure increased as people aged, but the most rapid increases were seen in heavy drinkers, defined as those who drank about three glasses of wine per day(随着年龄的增长，血压会升高，但升高最快的是酗酒者，即每天喝三杯左右葡萄酒的人)”可知，喝酒的人血压会升高。再结合下文的“compared with”可知，所猜句在讲不喝酒人的血压，可推测“teetotal”表示不饮酒的。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据文中“High blood pressure puts a burden on blood vessels, the heart, and other organs, such as the brain, kidneys and eyes, and can lead to a number of serious health problems including heart attacks, strokes and vascular dementia.(高血压会给血管、心脏和其他器官，如大脑、肾脏和眼睛带来负担，并可能导致许多严重的健康问题，包括心脏病发作、中风和血管性痴呆)”可知，第六段主要讲述了高血压的危害。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文中“However, this new study supports the idea that even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful to the heart.(然而，这项新研究支持了即使少量酒精也可能对心脏有害的观点)”以及“Alcohol is certainly not the only driver of increases in blood pressure. However, the findings confirm it contributes in a meaningful way. Limiting alcohol intake is probably not enough — it’s better to avoid it.(酒精当然不是血压升高的唯一原因。然而，研究结果证实，它在很大程度上起了作用。限制酒精摄入可能还不够 —— 最好完全避免饮酒)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是敦促人们完全远离酒精。故选C项。 （2024·四川成都·一模）One day I typed into ChatGPT all about my upset feelings and it instantly responded, offering a list of practical advice. Nowadays million pens of people are already turning to ChatGPT and specialist therapy (治疗) chatbots for convenient and inexpensive men al health support. Some experts say this is a boon. After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment, might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans. But others worry about the consequences of people seeking emotional support from machines that can only pretend to care. Some even wonder if the rise of so- called empathetic AI might change the way we interact with one another. Indeed, empathy is one of our species’ defining qualities, developing as it did in pace with social interaction. One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shows that the empathizer must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling. They must also be affected by those emotions and distinguish themselves and the other person, grasping that the other person’s feelings aren’t their own while still being able to imagine the other person’s experience. On the first point, in recent years, AI- powered chatbots have made progress in their ability to read human emotions, most powered by large language models (LLMs) that work by predicting which words are most likely to appear together based on training data. In this way, LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify our feelings and respond appropriately most of the time. But when it comes to the other criteria, AI still misses the mark in many ways. Empathy is interpersonal, with continued feedback helping to perfect the sympathizer’s response, which also requires some degree of intuitive (直觉的) awareness of an individual and their situation. All of this helps to explain conversations like the ones I had with ChatGPT. At the end of the day, despite talking to multiple chatbots online, I did what I knew I had to do all along: I picked up my phone and called a friend. 1．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Challenge. B．Misunderstanding. C．Trap. D．Blessing. 2．What does the recent analysis show about empathy? A．It starts with identifying emotions. B．It relies on rich imagination. C．It requires clear communication. D．It ignores individual difference. 3．What can AI do according to paragraph 4? A．Recognize one’s real desire. B．Provide data- driven response.. C．Solve all the emotion puzzles. D．Predict one’s behavior by intuition. 4．What does the author think of ChatGPT? A．Its development should be sped up. B．Its intelligence is winning more favor. C．Its application should be strictly managed. D．Its artificial kindness is no match for humans’. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要讲述了人们现在越来越倾向于使用ChatGPT和专业的聊天机器人来获取方便且低成本的心理支持。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上一段“Nowadays million pens of people are already turning to ChatGPT and specialist therapy (治疗) chatbots for convenient and inexpensive menal health support. (如今，数以百万计的人已经转向ChatGPT和专家治疗聊天机器人，以获得方便和廉价的心理健康支持。)”及划线词后文“After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment, might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans. (毕竟，不受尴尬干扰的人工智能或许能够比人类更公开、更不知疲倦地表达同理心。)”可知，一些专家说找ChatGPT和聊天机器人聊天是一种福音，因为机器人能更公开、更不知疲倦地表达同理心。划线词与Blessing意思相近。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shows that the empathizer must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling. They must also be affected by those emotions and distinguish themselves and the other person, grasping that the other person’s feelings aren’t their own while still being able to imagine the other person’s experience. (最近一项关于同理心的分析研究了1980年至2019年发表的52项研究，这些研究表明，同理心者必须首先能够识别对方的感受。他们还必须受到这些情绪的影响，并将自己和他人区分开来，在理解他人的感受不是自己的同时，仍然能够想象他人的经历。)”可知，最近的分析表明，同理心从识别情绪开始。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“On the first point, in recent years, AI- powered chatbots have made progress in their ability to read human emotions, most powered by large language models (LLMs) that work by predicting which words are most likely to appear together based on training data. In this way, LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify our feelings and respond appropriately most of the time. (关于第一点，近年来，人工智能驱动的聊天机器人在阅读人类情绪的能力方面取得了进展，其中最大的动力是大型语言模型LLMs，该模型通过基于训练数据预测哪些单词最有可能一起出现。通过这种方式，像ChatGPT这样的LLMs似乎可以识别我们的感受，并在大多数时候做出适当的反应。)”可知，AI能够提供数据驱动反馈。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All of this helps to explain conversations like the ones I had with ChatGPT. At the end of the day, despite talking to multiple chatbots online, I did what I knew I had to do all along: I picked up my phone and called a friend. (所有这些都有助于解释我与ChatGPT的对话。在一天结束的时候，尽管我在网上和多个聊天机器人聊天，我还是做了我知道我一直必须做的事情：我拿起手机给一个朋友打了电话。)”可知，作者还是更依赖人类进行交流，因此，AI人为的善良是无法与人类匹配的。故选D。 （24-25高三上·云南昆明·开学考试）It has been more than fifty years since man last set foot on the moon but we’re going back. In 2023, both Russia and India launched unmanned probes (探测器) designed to land on the moon. Unfortunately, the Russian probe had an engine misfire on its approach to the moon and crashed. Although Russia has never landed people on the moon, it has landed unmanned probes on the moon, although the last time that happened was in 1976. China was the third country to successfully land an experimental package on the moon and the first to discover strange glass beads (珠) that it estimates could contain vast amounts of water. In June 2024, China’s Chang’e-6 spacecraft successfully landed on the far side of the moon, marking the first landing there, and collected lunar samples to Earth. China has announced it aims to put its astronauts on the moon by 2030. The Americans are also headed for the moon. They plan to launch a vehicle called Artemis Two in 2025 with four astronauts on board. The US also hopes to have scientists living on the moon by 2030. All of this space exploration is dangerous and extremely costly but there are good reasons to go back. There is a lot we can learn about the history of the Earth by looking carefully at the geology (地质学) of the moon. If, in fact, there is water near the moon’s south-pole, that could also give us valuable information about our own origins. The moon is seen as a stepping-stone towards manned landings on Mars. Manned exploration of the Red Planet is certainly possible within the Red Planet lifetimes. It’s fascinating to watch this activity, but don’t hold your breath waiting for Earthlings to visit another inhabitable (适合居住的) planet, one that could support us without the need for space-suits. The closest one of those is thought to be orbiting another star more than four light-years away, a journey that would take more than six thousand years and many generations using current technology. Will we get there someday? Perhaps, and the current space exploration may be baby-steps towards that day. 1．What happened to the 2023 Russian lunar mission? A．The probe broke down on the way. B．The spacecraft caught fire on the moon. C．It lasted longer than the 1976 mission. D．It sent an unmanned probe to the moon. 2．Which of the following is a record created by China’s lunar exploration? A．Collecting lunar samples. B．Landing astronauts on the moon. C．Launching the first lunar probe. D．Gaining beads with potential for water. 3．Why is the presence of water on the moon important according to the author? A．It makes further moon-landing possible. B．It supports human activities without space suits. C．It may reveal how humans came into being. D．It is essential for finding another inhabitable planet. 4．What does the author think of the search for another inhabitable planet? A．It’s a waste of time. B．It’s too far to achieve. C．It’s mature and fruitful. D．It takes efforts of generations. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯、中国和美国的月球探索计划及其成果，同时探讨了月球探索的重要性和面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, the Russian probe had an engine misfire on its approach to the moon and crashed. (不幸的是，俄罗斯探测器在接近月球时发动机发生故障并坠毁)”可知，2023年俄罗斯的月球任务中，探测器在接近月球时发生了发动机故障并坠毁。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“China was the third country to successfully land an experimental package on the moon and the first to discover strange glass beads (珠) that it estimates could contain vast amounts of water. (中国是第三个成功将实验包着陆在月球上的国家，也是第一个发现奇怪玻璃珠的国家，据估计这些玻璃珠可能含有大量水分)”可知，中国是第一个发现可能含有大量水分的玻璃珠的国家，这是由中国月球探索创造的记录。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If, in fact, there is water near the moon’s south-pole, that could also give us valuable information about our own origins. (如果月球南极附近确实有水，那么这也可以为我们提供关于我们自身起源的宝贵信息)”可知，作者认为月球上存在水很重要，因为它可能揭示人类的起源。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The closest one of those is thought to be orbiting another star more than four light-years away, a journey that would take more than six thousand years and many generations using current technology. (据认为，离地球最近的一颗行星正围绕另一颗恒星运行，距离超过4光年，使用目前的技术，这段旅程将需要6000多年和许多代人的努力)”可推知，作者认为寻找另一个适合居住的星球需要多代人的努力。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·云南昆明·开学考试）The obesity (肥胖) rate in the United States is now over 40 percent, and other countries are dealing with the problem as well. In fact, research has linked the problem of obesity with heart disease, mental conditions and even some cancers. So it’s no wonder that almost any discussion on health includes the topic of weight control. According to healthcare professionals, eating a healthy diet and practicing weight control significantly reduces the risk of serious health problems. However, countless false claims and misinformation about weight loss fail to address the obesity issues. Methods promising quick weight loss aren’t healthy. Fortunately, trusted health specialists provide people with healthy ways to maintain a proper weight. They noted that healthy diets rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals certainly top the list, but eating healthily isn’t the whole story. Another essential aspect of weight control is exercise. People who exercise not only burn calories but also build muscle. You don’t have to spend hours at the gym to make that happen. Activities like walking, biking or swimming can make a difference in your weight and overall health. Just exercise consistently so it becomes a habit. In addition to a healthy diet and exercise, it’s essential to make lifestyle changes that support weight control. One significant lifestyle factor that contributes to weight gain is stress. Stress causes the body to release hormones (激素) that can lead to overeating. Therefore, finding healthy ways to manage stress can be beneficial as they help you maintain a healthy weight. For example, simple breathing exercises and morning stretches help regulate anxiety and depression. Regular exercise helps manage stress, too. Another factor that contributes to weight gain is lack of sleep. Sleep is essential, and studies have shown that an insufficient amount of sleep can contribute to weight gain. Aim for at least seven to eight hours of sleep each night to help your body maintain a healthy weight. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The effects of overweight. B．The necessity of weight control. C．The obesity rate in the USA． D．The efforts to deal with obesity. 2．Which of the following is a view of the health experts? A．Quick weight loss increases the risk of serious diseases. B．Eating healthily alone will not address the issue of obesity. C．False information about weight loss can rarely be identified. D．Nutrients, vitamins and minerals guarantee effective weight loss. 3．What can we learn about excising for weight control? A．Seeking professional guidance is a must. B．Excising at a gym doesn’t pay off. C．Burning calories outweighs building muscle. D．Informal workout done regularly matters. 4．Why does stress contribute to weight gain? A．It fuels our appetites. B．It changes our lifestyles. C．It weakens sleep quality. D．It prevents daily exercise. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述过度肥胖的危害及控制体重的几点建议。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The obesity (肥胖) rate in the United States is now over 40 percent, and other countries are dealing with the problem as well. In fact, research has linked the problem of obesity with heart disease, mental conditions and even some cancers. So it's no wonder that almost any discussion on health includes the topic of weight control. (美国的肥胖率现在超过了40%，其他国家也在处理这个问题。事实上，研究已经将肥胖问题与心脏病、精神疾病甚至某些癌症联系起来。因此，几乎所有关于健康的讨论都包含体重控制的话题也就不足为奇了。)”可知几乎所有关于健康的讨论都包含体重控制的话题，所以本段讲述的是控制体重的必要性。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fortunately, trusted health specialists provide people with healthy ways to maintain a proper weight. They noted that healthy diets rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals certainly top the list, but eating healthily isn't the whole story. (幸运的是，值得信赖的健康专家为人们提供了保持适当体重的健康方法。他们指出，富含营养、维生素和矿物质的健康饮食当然是最重要的，但健康饮食并不是全部。)”可知健康专家会认为单靠健康饮食并不能解决肥胖问题。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“You don’t have to spend hours at the gym to make that happen. Activities like walking, biking or swimming can make a difference in your weight and overall health. Just exercise consistently so it becomes a habit. (你不需要花几个小时在健身房锻炼。像散步、骑自行车或游泳这样的活动可以改变你的体重和整体健康。只要坚持锻炼，让它成为一种习惯。)”可知，要控制体重没有必要非得去健身房正式地锻炼，像走路、骑车或游泳等锻炼，只要养成习惯，对体重控制和整体健康起到作用，故推知定期进行非正式锻炼很重要。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“One significant lifestyle factor that contributes to weight gain is stress. Stress causes the body to release hormones (激素) that can lead to overeating. (导致体重增加的一个重要生活方式因素是压力。压力会导致身体释放激素，导致暴饮暴食。)” 可知，压力使身体产生一种导致过度饮食的激素。故选A。 （24-25高三上·山西运城·开学考试）It’s the start of a new era of AI at Google, says CEO Sundar Pichai: the Gemini era. Gemini is Google’s latest large language model, which Pichai first mentioned at the I/O developer conference in June and is now releasing to the public. This significant advance in AI will ultimately impact almost all of Google’s products. Gemini is more than a single AI model. There’s a lighter version called Gemini Nano meant for offline Android devices, a more powerful version called Gemini Pro that will power many Google AI services, and an even more capable model called Gemini Ultra — the most powerful LLM (大语言模型) Google has yet created. It seems to be mostly designed for data centers and enterprise applications. OpenAI launched ChatGPT in 2022. Now Google is ready to fight back. “We’ve done a very thorough analysis of the systems side by side,” says CEO Sundar Pichai. Google ran 32 well- established criteria comparing the two models, from overall tests to the Python code generation. “I think we’re substantially (大量地) ahead on 30 out of 32 of those criteria.” he adds. Gemini’s clearest advantage comes from its ability to understand and interact with video and audio. This was by design: multi- modality has been part of the plan from the beginning. Google built one multi- sensory model from the beginning, unlike OpenAI’s separate models for images and voice. Right now, Gemini’s most basic models are text- based , but more advanced models like Gemini Ultra can work with images, video, and audio. “Over time,” Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis says, “Gemini will gain more senses, become more aware, accurate, and grounded. These models just sort of understand better about the world around them.” These models still have other problems, but Hassabis says they will improve as they learn more. 1．What is Gemini according to the text? A．A new language model in development. B．A light AI model designed for offline use. C．A new language model developed by Google. D．A light AI model created for specific enterprise applications. 2．What does Gemini Nano specialize in? A．Generating Python code. B．Running on offline Android devices. C．Powering Google AI services. D．Training separate models for images and voice. 3．What is a key advantage of Gemini over OpenAI’s ChatGPT? A．The ability to write Pyth on code. B．The ability to work with video and audio. C．The understanding and interaction with textual data. D．The ability to create separate models for images and voice. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Google will bring the most advanced models. B．Gemini models outperform OpenAI’s ChatGPT. C．Google will still work on the perfection of Gemini models. D．Gemini models are launched without even a slight imperfection. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了谷歌最新的大型语言模型Gemini，这是谷歌人工智能新时代的开始。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Gemini is Google’s latest large language model”（Gemini是谷歌最新的大型语言模型）可知，Gemini 是由 Google 开发的新语言模型，故答案是 C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“There’s a lighter version called Gemini Nano meant for offline Android devices,”（有一款名为Gemini Nano的轻量级版本，适用于离线安卓设备）可知，Gemini Nano 专门用于离线安卓设备，故答案是 B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Gemini’s clearest advantage comes from its ability to understand and interact with video and audio”（Gemini最明显的优势来自于他们理解视频和音频的能力。） 表明，Gemini 相比于 ChatGPT 的明显优势在于能够理解和交互视频及音频，故答案是 B。 4．推理判断题。最后一段提到“but Hassabis says they will improve as they learn more”（但哈萨比斯表示，随着他们学到更多，他们会进步的）可知，Google 还将继续完善 Gemini 模型，故答案是 C。 （24-25高三上·四川内江·开学考试）The streets, sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day, making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the day - and 22 degrees F hotter at night. These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms. According to a new study of downtown Chicago, underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract (收缩) enough to cause potential damage. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming,” says the study’s author Alessandro F. Rotta Loria, a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University. The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard (危险)” to civil infrastructure in cities with softer ground - especially those near water - Rotta Loria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change. Similar to climate change above the surface, these underground changes occur over long periods of time. “These effects took decades, a century, to develop,” Rotta Loria says, adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own. But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. For example, water pipes could be installed to run through underground hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy. 1．What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”? A．They can develop underground structures. B．They are impacted by global warming. C．They can destroy the ground around. D．They only exist in the United States. 2．Why does Alessandro F. Rotta Loria mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3? A．To discuss structural issues. B．To categorize climate change. C．To explain underground heat. D．To emphasize the neglected reality. 3．What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows? A．The future of tunnels and basements. B．The reusing approaches of heat energy. C．The cost of maintaining structures. D．The evolution of underground environment. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Underground climate change is a silent danger. B．Humans fail to notice the dramatic climate change. C．Cooling the surface helps control urban heat rises. D．Researching underground heat helps save on energy costs. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性，以及介绍潜在的解决方案. 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms.(这些“城市热岛”也会在地下形成，因为城市的热量会向下传播，到达地表以下。而且，地下室、地铁隧道和其他地下设施也会不断向周围的土壤散发热量，从而形成热点区域。现在，随着地球变暖，地下热量也在不断积聚。)”可知，“城市热岛”是受到全球气候变暖的影响。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中 Alessandro F. Rotta Loria所说的“There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize(发生的这种地下气候变化可能已经造成了建筑结构上的问题，我们甚至没有意识到)”以及最后一句话“While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.(虽然这不是对人类生命的立即或直接威胁，但这种以前未知的影响突显了气候变化中一个鲜为人知的组成部分的影响)”可推知，提出“无声的危险”是想强调地下气候变暖这一被人忽略的事实。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. For example, water pipes could be installed to run through underground hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy.(但其他在接受采访的研究人员都表示，这种浪费的能源也可以被回收利用，这不仅提供了冷却地下空间的机会，还能节省能源成本。可以通过更新技术来重新捕获地铁隧道和地下室的热量。例如，可以安装水管穿过地下热点区域，以吸收部分热能)”可知，该段是介绍针对地下气候变暖提出了潜在的解决方案，即可以通过更新地铁隧道和地下室的相关技术来回收利用热能，并举例了可通过安装水管这种方法来获取热能。由此推知，接下来应该是介绍对这种热能的再使用方法。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容及第二段中“Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming(在无人察觉的情况下，芝加哥市中心发生了变形)”和第三段中““There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.(“可能会有由于这种地下气候变化导致的结构性问题出现，而我们甚至没有意识到，”他补充道。虽然这对人类生命没有立即或直接的危险，但这一此前未知的影响突显了气候变化中一个较少为人知的组成部分所带来的影响)”可知，整篇文章都在围绕地下热岛效应及其对城市基础设施的影响展开，特别是强调了这种地下气候变化带来的隐患。因此，作者想传达的主要信息是地下气候变化是一种无声的危险。故选A。 （2024·四川巴中·一模）Artificial compounds found in things like food packaging can be a risk to our health. We can clean them up, but who will pay the vast bill? You are probably aware of the term “forever chemicals”, if not entirely clear on the specifics. What they are is a class of around 16,000 artificial compounds called PFAS that break down very slowly, in the environment and our bodies. They are extremely useful, but also a potential hazard to wildlife and human health. After more than 80 years of widespread and often unlimited use, PFAS pollution is more or less everywhere, from the soil on our farms to the rain that waters them. In all likelihood, you have a detectable amount of these chemicals in your body. A growing body of research has linked contact with some types of PFAS to harmful effects, such as kidney disease, immune disorder and certain types of cancer. Just a few parts per trillion of some forms accumulated over time is enough to be damaging. Moreover, contact is more or less unavoidable. How did we let it come to this? To some extent, society is facing the consequences of releasing many new chemicals without proper safety testing. That has to change, and not just for PFAS. Time and again we find, too late, that industrial chemicals are harmful — as now seems the case with those in some climbing shoes — Indoor climbing wall users may be breathing in toxic rubber dust — while allowing the firms that make them to carry on business as usual. There is nothing illegal in that. Nonetheless, the PFAS industry has been highly irresponsible. There is good evidence that some producers have known for decades that the chemicals could be harmful, but intentionally confused that knowledge. As the science of PFAS advances, there is optimism that they can be replaced, as well as rounded up from the environment and destroyed. But the bill will be vast. It isn’t unreasonable to ask the firms that invented and profited from these products to pay at least part of it. 1．What does the underlined word “hazard” in paragraph 2 mean? A．threat B．benefit C．safety D．effect 2．Why does the author mention “climbing shoes” in paragraph 4? A．To criticize poor shoe quality. B．To highlight climbing popularity. C．To argue safety of climbing shoes. D．To show harm of untested chemicals. 3．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．PFAS will be removed through science. B．PFAS cleanup will be complex to manage. C．Science could eventually make PFAS harmless. D．Companies should help cover cleanup expenses. 4．What’s the writing purpose of the passage? A．To promote the use of PFAS. B．To seek solutions of PFAS risks. C．To discuss new industrial chemicals. D．To explain the influence of PFAS. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了PFAS的不良影响，目的是寻求PFAS风险的解决方案。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“After more than 80 years of widespread and often unlimited use, PFAS pollution is more or less everywhere, from the soil on our farms to the rain that waters them. In all likelihood, you have a detectable amount of these chemicals in your body.(经过80多年的广泛使用和经常无限制的使用，PFAS污染或多或少无处不在，从我们农场的土壤到浇灌它们的雨水。很有可能，你的身体里有可检测到的这些化学物质)”可知，PFAS污染或多或少无处不在，所以也对野生动物和人类健康构成潜在威胁。所以划线词的意思是“威胁”。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“To some extent, society is facing the consequences of releasing many new chemicals without proper safety testing. That has to change, and not just for PFAS. Time and again we find, too late, that industrial chemicals are harmful — as now seems the case with those in some climbing shoes — Indoor climbing wall users may be breathing in toxic rubber dust — while allowing the firms that make them to carry on business as usual.(在某种程度上，社会正面临着未经适当安全测试就释放许多新化学品的后果。这种情况必须改变，而且不仅仅是针对PFAS。一次又一次，我们发现工业化学物质是有害的，但为时已晚——就像现在一些攀岩鞋里的化学物质一样——室内攀岩墙的使用者可能会吸入有毒的橡胶粉尘——同时允许制造它们的公司照常营业)”可知，提到“climbing shoes”是为了说明未经测试的化学品的危害。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the bill will be vast. It isn’t unreasonable to ask the firms that invented and profited from these products to pay at least part of it.(但账单将是巨大的。要求发明这些产品并从中获利的公司至少支付部分费用并不是不合理的)”可知，作者认为获利的公司应该帮助支付清理费用。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“A growing body of research has linked contact with some types of PFAS to harmful effects, such as kidney disease, immune disorder and certain types of cancer. Just a few parts per trillion of some forms accumulated over time is enough to be damaging. Moreover, contact is more or less unavoidable.(越来越多的研究表明，接触某些类型的PFAS会产生有害影响，如肾病、免疫紊乱和某些类型的癌症。随着时间的推移，只要万亿分之一的某些形式累积起来就足以造成破坏。此外，接触或多或少是不可避免的)”以及最后一段“As the science of PFAS advances, there is optimism that they can be replaced, as well as rounded up from the environment and destroyed. But the bill will be vast. It isn’t unreasonable to ask the firms that invented and profited from these products to pay at least part of it.(随着PFAS科学的进步，人们乐观地认为它们可以被取代，也可以从环境中被围捕和破坏。但账单将是巨大的。要求发明这些产品并从中获利的公司至少支付部分费用并不是不合理的)”可知，短文介绍了PFAS的不良影响，目的是寻求PFAS风险的解决方案。故选B项。 （2024·云南玉溪·一模）Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve moods by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call it a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything — most likely just due to the passage of time. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge (纵情) in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule. 1．Which aspect of comfort food do Traci Mann’s studies focus on? A．The means by which it affects moods. B．Its role in reducing negativity. C．The extent to which it lifts moods. D．Its impact on physical health. 2．How were the studies carried out? A．By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. B．By observing students’ different reactions to foods. C．By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. D．By collecting data about people from all walks of life. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To explain a rule. B．To introduce a concept. C．To present a fact. D．To make a suggestion. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Feeling Negative? Try Comfort Food B．Comfort Food May Not Work Wonders C．The Science Behind Comfort Food D．Comfort Food Tends to Be Unhealthy 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Traci Mann教授和她的同事们关于安慰食物对改善情绪的影响的一系列研究，并给出了建议：可以对安慰食物偶尔放纵一下，但不应该依赖它来解决情绪问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods.”（心理学教授特蕾西·曼恩(Traci Mann)及其同事对大学生进行了一系列研究。研究人员调查了有多少安慰食物能真正改善情绪。）可知，Traci Mann的研究集中在安慰食物提升情绪的程度方面。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better.”（他们必须评估他们在吃了冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之后的感觉。）可推知，研究是通过比较学生在不同场合的感受开展的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中作者提到的“While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems.”（虽然安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用）推知，作者认为不能过度依赖安慰食物来解决情绪问题。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。这篇文章介绍Traci Mann教授和始的同事们关于安慰食物对改善情绪的影响的一系列研究。研究发现，虽然安慰食物可以略微提升情绪，但它并不比人们喜欢的其他食物更有效。另一项研究表明。即使不吃任何食物，情绪也会随着时间的推移而改善。由此可知，这篇文章主要告诉读者：安慰食物不一定就能带来安慰。故文章最适合的标题是“安慰食物可能不会产生奇迹”。故选B。 （24-25高三上·四川雅安·开学考试）An artificial intelligence (AI) tool of street view could be used to predict the risk of coronary heart disease — a condition where the heart’s arteries (动脉) are blocked, limiting blood flow to the heart by analysing neighbourhood environments, according to research. A study, published in the European Heart Journal, monitored everyday surroundings, including the quality of roads, buildings, and green spaces, and the role they play in determining heart health. Researchers were able to track the link between these environmental elements, including the presence or absence of pollution, and the risk of coronary heart disease. They found that these neighbourhood characteristics could account for 63% of the differences in heart disease risk from one community to another. The discovery stems from analysing more than half a million AI street view images across US cities, using computer vision to identify and interpret details that might go unnoticed by the human eye. The data provides urban planners and public health officials with information to design healthier living spaces and neighbourhoods. “Undoubtedly, there is a vast amount of social, economic and environmental data set,” said one of the study's authors, Prof Sanjay Rajagopalan. “However, there still remain significant gap s in our knowledge regarding unique environmental aspects of data that are currently beyond human comprehension. This is where the use of computer vision approaches may enable unique understanding of the physical and built environment.” By employing AI, researchers have been able to examine the details of neighbourhoods’ environment. The study employed computer vision technology, including applications used in medical imaging and autonomous driving, to identify details and then interpret them to make predictions or decisions. “We are getting to a place in human civilization where traditional approaches that have been used are rather limited and the use of AI to enhance human understanding is going to be critically important at solving complex problems,” Prof Rajagopalan said. 1．What is the finding of the study? A．How people can prevent heart diseases. B．How environments affect heart health. C．How AI can reduce heart disease risks. D．How the heart's arteries are blocked. 2．What can the finding of the study help to do? A．Promote computer technology. B．Reduce air and water pollution. C．Design green neighbourhoods. D．Advertise for an AI company. 3．Why was computer vision used in the study? A．The researchers had no environmental data. B．It had solved some environmental problems. C．People ignored the environment they live in. D．It helped people understand the environment. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The development of AI for hospitals B．The medical use of a street view tool C．The insight into healthy neighbourhoods D．The link between the heart and environment 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了利用人工智能街景工具分析社区环境，预测冠心病风险的研究，揭示了环境因素对心脏病风险的影响，并强调AI在解决复杂问题中的重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Researchers were able to track the link between these environmental elements, including the presence or absence of pollution, and the risk of coronary heart disease. (研究人员能够追踪这些环境因素（包括是否存在污染）与冠心病风险之间的联系。)”可知，该研究能够发现环境因素，如道路、建筑、绿地等的质量以及污染的存在与否，是如何影响心脏健康的，即环境如何影响心脏健康。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The data provides urban planners and public health officials with information to design healthier living spaces and neighbourhoods. (这些数据为城市规划者和公共卫生官员提供了设计更健康的生活空间和社区的信息。)”可知，研究发现的数据可以帮助创建更多绿色和健康的社区环境。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“This is where the use of computer vision approaches may enable unique understanding of the physical and built environment. (这就是使用计算机视觉方法可以对物理和建筑环境进行独特理解的地方。)”可知，计算机视觉方法的使用可以使人们对物理环境和建筑环境有独特的理解。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“An artificial intelligence (AI) tool of street view could be used to predict the risk of coronary heart disease—a condition where the heart’s arteries (动脉) are blocked, limiting blood flow to the heart by analysing neighbourhood environments, according to research. (根据研究，街道视图的人工智能（AI）工具可用于预测冠心病的风险，冠心病是一种心脏动脉阻塞的疾病，通过分析邻近环境来限制流向心脏的血流。)”可知，文章主要讲述了利用街景人工智能工具预测冠心病风险的研究，并强调了这种工具在医学上的应用。故选B项。 （24-25高三上·四川成都·开学考试）A new study by an international team of experts highlights how global methane (甲烷) emissions have been rising rapidly since 2006, particularly since 2020, a trend that’s expected to continue unless we do something very significant very soon. The study authors have then outlined some strategies countries can use to take action, and developed an online tool to help with this. This continual climb in methane emissions is largely due to the continued use of fossil (化石) fuels rather than cleaner options, the researchers say. It’s directly produced by oil, gas, and coal drilling and processing. The increasing release of methane from natural wetlands, caused by a hotter climate, is now also contributing. Methane is produced by rubbish sites, thawing permafrost, and animals too. The researchers, led by physicist and climate specialist Drew Shindell of Duke University in the US, suggest these are minor contributors at the moment — although ones that also need to be closely watched. “Worldwide efforts to limit climate change are rightly focused on carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary driver,” writes the team in their published paper. “However, since humanity has failed to properly address climate change for several decades, keeping warming below agreed goals now requires that we address all major climate pollutants.” There is currently much less methane in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide (CO2), but methane is a stronger greenhouse gas. We know that methane is a major contributor to the warming of the world, trapping heat like CO2 does. It also contributes to the formation of ozone (臭氧) at ground level, increasing the risk of death through respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. “Rapid reductions in methane emissions this decade are essential to slowing warming in the near future, limiting overshoot by the middle of the century and keeping low-warming carbon budgets within reach,” write the researchers. Warnings from scientists about the state of Earth’s climate path are now reaching a deafening level. Humanity should pay close attention to those warnings and take action. 1．What do we know about methane emissions? A．They are currently a minor concern. B．They have been going up since 2006. C．They have decreased steadily since 2020. D．They are mainly caused by cleaner options. 2．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The continued use of methane emissions. B．Strategies for reducing methane emissions. C．The impact of methane emissions on human health. D．The contributions of sources to methane emissions. 3．Why is reducing methane emissions considered urgent? A．Methane lessens the amount of ozone. B．Methane limits climate change effectively. C．Methane promotes global warming greatly. D．Methane keeps low-warming carbon budgets. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To call on people to handle methane emissions. B．To introduce the history of methane emissions. C．To highlight the dangers of methane formation. D．To advocate for the increased use of fossil fuels. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于全球甲烷排放的新研究，强调了甲烷排放量的快速增长及其对环境的影响，并呼吁人们采取行动。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study by an international team of experts highlights how global methane (甲烷) emissions have been rising rapidly since 2006, particularly since 2020, a trend that’s expected to continue unless we do something very significant very soon.(一个国际专家小组的一项新研究强调，自2006年以来，特别是自2020年以来，全球甲烷排放量迅速上升，除非我们很快采取一些非常重要的措施，否则这一趋势预计将持续下去。)”可知，甲烷排放量自2006年以来一直在上升。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This continual climb in methane emissions is largely due to the continued use of fossil (化石) fuels rather than cleaner options, the researchers say. It’s directly produced by oil, gas, and coal drilling and processing. The increasing release of methane from natural wetlands, caused by a hotter climate, is now also contributing. Methane is produced by rubbish sites, thawing permafrost, and animals too. The researchers, led by physicist and climate specialist Drew Shindell of Duke University in the US, suggest these are minor contributors at the moment — although ones that also need to be closely watched.(研究人员说，甲烷排放量的持续攀升在很大程度上是由于化石燃料的持续使用，而不是更清洁的选择。它是由石油、天然气和煤炭钻探和加工直接产生的。气候变暖导致的自然湿地甲烷释放增加，现在也是原因之一。甲烷是由垃圾场、融化的永久冻土和动物产生的。由美国杜克大学物理学家和气候专家德鲁·辛德尔领导的研究人员认为，目前这些都是次要因素——尽管也需要密切关注。)”可知，本段主要介绍了甲烷排放的来源：持续使用化石燃料；石油、天然气和煤炭的钻探和加工；气候变暖；垃圾场所、融化的永久冻土和动物等。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中“We know that methane is a major contributor to the warming of the world, trapping heat like CO2 does.(我们知道甲烷是全球变暖的主要原因，它像二氧化碳一样吸收热量)”可知，甲烷极大地推动了全球变暖，所以减少甲烷排放具有紧迫性。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中作者引用研究人员的话“Rapid reductions in methane emissions this decade are essential to slowing warming in the near future, limiting overshoot by the middle of the century and keeping low-warming carbon budgets within reach (本世纪二十年代甲烷排放量的快速减少对于在不久的将来减缓气候变暖、在本世纪中叶限制温度超调以及使低升温碳预算触手可及至关重要)”和最后一段“Warnings from scientists about the state of Earth’s climate path are now reaching a deafening level. Humanity should pay close attention to those warnings and take action.(科学家们对地球气候变化轨迹的警告现在已经达到了震耳欲聋的程度。人类应该密切关注这些警告并采取行动)”可知，作者强调了减少甲烷排放量的必要性，其目的是呼吁人们处理甲烷排放问题。故选A项。 （24-25高三上·河南焦作·开学考试）“Why birds sing is relatively well-understood,” says Ins Adam, a behavioral scientist at the University of Southern Denmark. The big question for her was: Why do birds sing so frequently? Previous research suggests that constant singing uses a lot of energy and exposes birds to others, making them vulnerable by revealing their location and territory, which is highly dangerous. However, in a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her colleagues offer a new explanation for this risky behavior. They suggest that songbirds may need to exercise their vocal (发声的) muscles to maintain top performance in their songs. These findings may also be relevant to human voices. Adam points out that if we apply these bird results to humans, any period of not speaking might lead to a loss in vocal performance. This insight suggests that songbirds could one day help us improve how we train and restore our own voices. Adam assumed the muscles that produce birdsong required daily exercise, so she designed an experiment on zebra finches — small Australian songbirds. Light is what attracts the birds to sing, so she prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark almost around the clock. The only exceptions were a few half-hour periods each day when the lights were turned on so the birds could eat and drink. After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. Adam then tested whether this muscle loss affected the quality of the birds’ songs. Although she couldn’t hear any difference when comparing a male’s song before and after the period of darkness, a group of female birds showed a clear preference: six out of nine preferred the song from a male who had been exercising his singing muscles daily. “This study highlights that achieving mastery in any skill requires a lot of practice,” says Ana Amador, a scientist at the University of Buenos Aires who was not involved in the research. 1．Which of the following best explains “vulnerable” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Rarely found. B．Easily targeted. C．Directly poisoned. D．Actively defended. 2．Why are human voices mentioned in the text? A．To illustrate Adam’s idea by comparison. B．To assess Adam’s previous work accurately. C．To show the significance of studying birdsong. D．To stress the distinction between human voices and birdsong. 3．What is the basis for Adam’s experiment? A．Birds need little practice for better singing. B．Light is a contributory factor in birds’ singing. C．Weakening muscles result in less attractive songs. D．Male birds produce songs to attract female birds. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Singing Invites Trouble to Birds B．Songbirds Help Restore Human Voices C．Vocal Muscles: the Secret of Birds’ Singing D．Daily Singing: Essential for Birds’ Vocal Muscle Fitness 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家对鸟类为何频繁歌唱的新解释，即通过锻炼发声肌肉来保持歌唱的最佳表现。 1．词句猜测题。根据前文“Previous research suggests that constant singing uses a lot of energy and exposes birds to others(先前的研究表明，不断的歌唱会消耗大量的能量，并将鸟类暴露在其他动物面前)”可知，鸟类不断的歌唱会将鸟类暴露在其他动物面前，这让鸟类成为容易攻击的目标，所以推知vulnerable意为“容易成为目标的”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“These findings may also be relevant to human voices. Adam points out that if we apply these bird results to humans, any period of not speaking might lead to a loss in vocal performance. This insight suggests that songbirds could one day help us improve how we train and restore our own voices.(这些发现也可能与人类的声音有关。亚当指出，如果我们将这些鸟类的结果应用于人类，任何不说话的时期都可能导致发声能力的下降。这一见解表明，有一天鸣鸟会帮助我们改进自己的声音训练和恢复方法)”可知，如果将鸟类的研究结果应用于人类，任何不说话的时期都可能导致发声性能的丧失。这说明研究鸟鸣对人类有重要意义，因此人类声音在文本中被提及是为了展示研究鸟鸣的重要性。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Adam assumed the muscles that produce birdsong required daily exercise, so she designed an experiment on zebra finches — small Australian songbirds. Light is what attracts the birds to sing, so she prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark almost around the clock. The only exceptions were a few half-hour periods each day when the lights were turned on so the birds could eat and drink.(亚当假设产生鸟鸣的肌肉需要日常锻炼，于是她对斑胸草雀——一种小型澳大利亚鸣鸟——进行了一项实验。光吸引鸟类歌唱，所以她几乎全天候地让它们处于黑暗中，以防止它们歌唱，持续了一周。唯一的例外是每天有几个半小时的时间会开灯，这样鸟儿可以吃喝)”可知，Adam设计的实验是基于光照是吸引鸟类唱歌的因素，因此她几乎全天候地把鸟放在黑暗中，以防止它们唱歌。因此，Adam的实验基础是光照是鸟类唱歌的一个促成因素。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段““Why birds sing is relatively well-understood,” says Ins Adam, a behavioral scientist at the University of Southern Denmark. The big question for her was: Why do birds sing so frequently?(“为什么鸟类会唱歌这一点人们已经相对了解了，”南丹麦大学的行为科学家英斯·亚当（Ins Adam）说。对她来说，最大的问题是：为什么鸟儿如此频繁地歌唱？)”以及最后一段““This study highlights that achieving mastery in any skill requires a lot of practice,” says Ana Amador, a scientist at the University of Buenos Aires who was not involved in the research.(“这项研究强调了，要想在任何技能上达到精通，都需要大量的练习，”布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的科学家安娜·阿玛多尔（Ana Amador）说，她没有参与这项研究)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了鸟类每天歌唱对其发声肌肉健康的重要性，所以D项“Daily Singing: Essential for Birds’ Vocal Muscle Fitness(每日歌唱：鸟类声带肌肉健康的必要条件)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·陕西安康·开学考试）A phenomenon that concerns many parents is that American children are not learning to read. And schools are struggling to improve the dropping test scores: focusing on phonics(拼读法). But in doing so, they are ignoring something of equal importance: the role knowledge plays in helping children become good readers. To be clear, not all kids suffer from poor reading skills. International comparisons indicate that American children below the age of 10 are competent at identifying words and summarizing the main topic of a text. However, once kids enter middle school and standardized tests begin measuring deeper levels of reading comprehension, scores decline. By age 15, only 14 percent of U. S. children are good at reading and nearly 20 percent are failing to read at a baseline proficiency(基线水平). Most ninth- graders in the country are not skilled at absorbing and using information obtained from written material. So, what is deep reading comprehension, and how might we promote it in schools? When reading fiction or poetry, deep comprehension involves using clues in the text to make inferences about the characters’ underlying (隐含的) emotions. When it comes to the sciences, deep comprehension consists of calling up relevant background knowledge and integrating it with information from the text. High- schoolers will read history or journalism and ask: Who wrote this, and what agenda was the writer promoting? In a word, deep comprehension means taking advantage of prior knowledge to dynamically engage with writers and their works. The process of teaching kids to read better through knowledge acquisition must start early. Data gathered at home, schools and in labs show that 1- to-3- year- old children who have conversations with older people learn to read more easily than children who do not. And it’s not just the quantity of conversation that matters. The information in those discussions shapes better literacy skills. Exploring conversation is key to helping children to become good readers. Such discussion leads to reading comprehension skills that go beyond the shallow standards we’ve set. 1．What do US schools pay little attention to? A．Test scores. B．Student equality. C．Word pronunciation. D．Knowledge acquisition. 2．What’s the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To show the necessity of deep reading comprehension. B．To state the impact of tests on reading comprehension. C．To present the students’ bad academic performances. D．To prove the significance of the school reading guide. 3．Which can help improve children’s reading comprehension skills? A．Reading more good works. B．Ignoring the author’s inner emotions. C．Engaging in deep discussions. D．Focusing on conversations in books. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Finding new methods of developing better reading skills. B．Improving deep reading comprehension of US students. C．What skills can be acquired from early conversations. D．Why reading comprehension is important to students. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了阅读时深度阅读的必要性和方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But in doing so, they are ignoring something of equal importance: the role knowledge plays in helping children become good readers.”（但在这样做的过程中，他们忽略了同样重要的一点：知识在帮助孩子成为优秀读者方面的作用。）可知，美国学校对知识获取关注不够。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“By age 15, only 14 percent of U. S. children are good at reading and nearly 20 percent are failing to read at a baseline proficiency(基线水平). Most ninth- graders in the country are not skilled at absorbing and using information obtained from written material.”（到15岁时，只有14%的美国孩子擅长阅读，近20%的孩子阅读能力达不到基本水平。这个国家的大多数九年级学生不善于吸收和使用从书面材料中获得的信息。）；根据第四段“So, what is deep reading comprehension, and how might we promote it in schools?”（那么，什么是深度阅读理解，我们该如何在学校中推广它呢？）可知，本段旨在展示深度阅读理解的必要性。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The information in those discussions shapes better literacy skills. Exploring conversation is key to helping children to become good readers. Such discussion leads to reading comprehension skills that go beyond the shallow standards we’ve set.”（这些讨论中的信息塑造了更好的读写能力。探索对话是帮助孩子成为优秀读者的关键。这样的讨论会让你的阅读理解能力超越我们设定的肤浅标准。）可知，参与深入讨论有助于提高孩子的阅读理解能力。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第三段“However, once kids enter middle school and standardized tests begin measuring deeper levels of reading comprehension, scores decline.”（然而，一旦孩子进入中学，标准化测试开始测量更深层次的阅读理解能力，分数就会下降。）和最后一段“Exploring conversation is key to helping children to become good readers.”（探索对话是帮助孩子成为优秀读者的关键。）可知，文章主要讨论提高美国学生的深度阅读理解能力。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考八省专用) 第二期 专题08 说明文15篇 （24-25高三上·山西晋中·阶段练习）Across the US, small farmers have been struggling for years to cover their costs of production. Even for organic farmers, who can sell the produce at higher prices, making a profit is tough. But throughout the Midwest, a new farm-to-table strategy is helping some farmers. At Stoney Acres in Athens, Wisconsin, the farmyard is transformed every Friday night between May and October-as hundreds of people come to order organic pizzas. On one summer evening, Brenda and Josh Murray order one of the simple pizzas; pepperoni. All the ingredients (食材), except the cheese, are grown on the farm. The cheese is made at a neighboring family farm. Even the sausages are from pigs raised at Stoney Acres. Kat Becker and Tony Schultz, the owners of Stoney Acres have been selling their produce through a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program. They also produce honey and supply vegetables to a local school. But pizza is opening a new frontier for their farm. “Our CSA program, which has been our backbone and used to be about 85% of our income, is now a little bit more than 50% of our income,” Becker says. “In these growing direct markets, we can have more control over the pricing.” While cutting out the middle man may be an advantage, there’s clearly more to it. Sarah Lakewood has been coming to pizza night at Stoney Acres since it started. “I had never experienced anything like it before,” she says. “It got to the point where we were coming every week and, then, when we were here that last night the first summer. I felt like we were going to lose some friends for six months.” It’s estimated that there are now a few dozen farms in Wisconsin, Mipnesora and lowa offering pizza nights. Lots of family farmers have given up the farm since pizza night offers a way to increase their odds of survival while offering a new social space for their customers. 1．Which of the following can best describe the US small farmers? A．Farming is not very profitable. B．Organic produce s very profitable. C．The costs of production are decreasing. D．There are many easier ways to make money. 2．According to the text, the farm-to-table strategy . A．will help popularize organic farming B．has already replaced the CSA program C．can give farmers more say on the prices D．is facing fierce resistance from middle men 3．What does Sarah Lakewood like about the pizza night? A．The cheap food. B．The foreign ingredients. C．The weekly parties. D．The friendly atmosphere. 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Technology. B．Agriculture. C．Culture. D．Advertisement. （24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习）Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce your risk of dying from any cause, the largest analysis to date suggests-although the more you walk, the greater the health benefits. The idea that a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle is linked to poorer health is well-established, but it has been unclear what the optimal (最佳的) number of steps people should aim for is, and whether there is an upper limit beyond which further health gains are minimal. To investigate, researchers led by Maciej Banach, a professor of cardiology (心脏病学) at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland, drew on data from 17 previous studies — involving 226,889 people, who were followed for an average seven years — to assess the health impacts of different daily step counts. The study, published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, suggested that walking at least 3,967 steps a day started to reduce the risk of dying from any cause, while 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular (心血管的) diseases. Above these cut-offs, each increase of 1,000 steps a day was associated with a 15% reduction in the risk of dying from any cause, while an increase of 500 steps a day was associated with a 7% reduction in dying from cardiovascular disease. “Our study confirms that the more you walk, the better. We found that this applied to both men and women, regardless of age, and regardless of where you live,” Banach said. For younger age groups, the sharpest improvement in health was seen in individuals taking between 7,000 and 13,000 daily steps, while for those aged 60 years and over, it was at between 6,000 to 10,000 steps. James Leiper, the associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation, said, “This research shows us just how good walking is for our health. If you packaged the benefits as a pill, we would be praising it as a wonder drug. What’s great about walking is that it does not require special equipment or training, and you can do it almost anywhere.” 1．Why did the researchers do the study? A．To seek reasons for cardiovascular diseases. B．To compare different ways of keeping healthy. C．To test whether walking can reduce early death. D．To find out the ideal number of steps for improved health. 2．How did the researchers draw their conclusions? A．By comparing the results. B．By listing some examples. C．By surveying the participants. D．By using data from earlier investigations. 3．What is James Leiper’s opinion about walking? A．It isn’t a wonder drug. B．It does not require training. C．It has minimal health benefits. D．It should be done in specific areas. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Risks of a Sedentary Lifestyle B．The Healthy Lifestyle for All Age Groups C．The Benefits and Harm Walking Can Bring D．Walking As Few As 4,000 Steps a Day Can Reduce Risk of Dying （24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）In 1949, a long- lost- letter from Albert Einstein to engineer Glyn Davys revealed the famed physicist’s thinking about the possibility of animals having super senses. Over 70 years later, his assumptions proved astonishingly accurate. While Davys’s original inquiry has been lost, Einstein’s response suggested the engineer’s curiosity about animal perception (感知) and its implications for understanding the physical world. Einstein wrote, “It is thinkable that the investigation of the behavior of migratory birds and carrier pigeons (信鸽) may some day lead to the understanding of some physical process which is not yet known.” Today, we know that birds can sense Earth’s magnetıc field (磁场) using special light- sensitive cells in their eyes, allowing them to navigate vast distances without getting lost. Other animals, such as turtles, dogs and bees, also exhibit remarkable abilities to detect our planet’s magnetic field. At the time of the correspondence, biological and physical sciences were beginning to intersect in new ways. Bat echolocation (回声定位) had been discovered, and radar technology was emerging. Davys, as a researcher in these fields, was attracted by unusual animal senses, such as those exhibited by bees. Einstein was also fascinated by the potential of biological science to reveal hidden physical forces. In his letter, Einstein acknowledged his familiarity with Karl von Frisch, who had discovered that bees navigate using the polarization patterns of light. He had even attended one of Karl von Frisch’s lectures at Princeton University and met the researcher personally. While Davys seemed primarily interested in how new biological insights could inform future technology, Einstein advocated more biological study. He believed that such research could just affect the foundation of physics if it revealed a new type of sensory perception or stimuli through animal behavior. Since then, our understanding of bee behavior and animal perception has advanced significantly, and this knowledge has already helped improve technology, for example, smartphone cameras. However, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light or sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary across species. 1．What does Einstein’s letter indicate? A．Animal perception is irrelevant to physics. B．Carrier pigeons are lacking in super senses. C．Engineers should overlook animal behavior. D．Birds may help discover the new physical process. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Davys found bees’ navigation mode. B．Einstein valued the research across subjects. C．Echolocation was discovered later than radar technology. D．Karl von Frisch’s work was challenged at Princeton University. 3．What was Einstein, more focused on according to paragraph 5? A．The reason for animals’ super senses. B．The difference between biology and physics. C．The impact of biological research on physics. D．The application of biology in future technology. 4．What does the last paragraph convey? A．Bee behavior remains a mystery. B．More research is needed on animal perception. C．Our knowledge about animals is comprehensive. D．The magnetic field helps animals to locate precisely. （2024·陕西·一模）Having a glass of wine with dinner every night has been regarded as a relatively harmless way to relax. However, a recent study suggests that there may be no “safe” limit for alcohol and that not drinking at all is the best way to protect your heart. The researchers examined data from seven international studies on drinking and high blood pressure, involving over 19,000 people from the US, Korea and Japan. The participants were asked how much alcohol they drank each day, and this was compared with their blood pressure readings over a follow-up period averaging five years. Blood pressure increased as people aged, but the most rapid increases were seen in heavy drinkers, defined as those who drank about three glasses of wine per day. The researchers said they found that people drinking at lower levels also saw a significant increase in blood pressure over time, compared with those who were teetotal. There has been fierce debate over whether moderate (适量的) alcohol consumption can be beneficial to health, with some studies linking wine and lower rates of heart disease. However, this new study supports the idea that even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful to the heart. Marco Vinceti, lead author of the study and a professor at Boston University, said, “We were somewhat surprised to see that consuming an already low level of alcohol was also linked to higher blood pressure changes over time compared with no consumption — although far less than the blood pressure increase seen in heavy drinkers. That means moderate alcohol consumption isn’t a beneficial choice at all.” High blood pressure puts a burden on blood vessels, the heart, and other organs, such as the brain, kidneys and eyes, and can lead to a number of serious health problems including heart attacks, strokes and vascular dementia. Alcohol is certainly not the only driver of increases in blood pressure. However, the findings confirm it contributes in a meaningful way. Limiting alcohol intake is probably not enough — it’s better to avoid it. 1．How did the researchers arrive at their findings? A．They analyzed data from several studies. B．They tracked 190,000 people for over five years. C．They made observations in a controlled lab setting. D．They carried out some experiments nationwide only. 2．What does the underlined word “teetotal” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Old. B．Non-drinking. C．Healthy. D．Addicted. 3．What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The cause of high blood pressure. B．The harm of high blood pressure. C．Common serious health problems. D．The terrible results of heart attacks. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To prove a glass of wine every night is beneficial. B．To recommend a relatively harmless way to relax. C．To urge people to stay away from alcohol completely. D．To show moderate alcohol consumption is well received. （2024·四川成都·一模）One day I typed into ChatGPT all about my upset feelings and it instantly responded, offering a list of practical advice. Nowadays million pens of people are already turning to ChatGPT and specialist therapy (治疗) chatbots for convenient and inexpensive men al health support. Some experts say this is a boon. After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment, might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans. But others worry about the consequences of people seeking emotional support from machines that can only pretend to care. Some even wonder if the rise of so- called empathetic AI might change the way we interact with one another. Indeed, empathy is one of our species’ defining qualities, developing as it did in pace with social interaction. One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shows that the empathizer must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling. They must also be affected by those emotions and distinguish themselves and the other person, grasping that the other person’s feelings aren’t their own while still being able to imagine the other person’s experience. On the first point, in recent years, AI- powered chatbots have made progress in their ability to read human emotions, most powered by large language models (LLMs) that work by predicting which words are most likely to appear together based on training data. In this way, LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify our feelings and respond appropriately most of the time. But when it comes to the other criteria, AI still misses the mark in many ways. Empathy is interpersonal, with continued feedback helping to perfect the sympathizer’s response, which also requires some degree of intuitive (直觉的) awareness of an individual and their situation. All of this helps to explain conversations like the ones I had with ChatGPT. At the end of the day, despite talking to multiple chatbots online, I did what I knew I had to do all along: I picked up my phone and called a friend. 1．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Challenge. B．Misunderstanding. C．Trap. D．Blessing. 2．What does the recent analysis show about empathy? A．It starts with identifying emotions. B．It relies on rich imagination. C．It requires clear communication. D．It ignores individual difference. 3．What can AI do according to paragraph 4? A．Recognize one’s real desire. B．Provide data- driven response.. C．Solve all the emotion puzzles. D．Predict one’s behavior by intuition. 4．What does the author think of ChatGPT? A．Its development should be sped up. B．Its intelligence is winning more favor. C．Its application should be strictly managed. D．Its artificial kindness is no match for humans’. （24-25高三上·云南昆明·开学考试）It has been more than fifty years since man last set foot on the moon but we’re going back. In 2023, both Russia and India launched unmanned probes (探测器) designed to land on the moon. Unfortunately, the Russian probe had an engine misfire on its approach to the moon and crashed. Although Russia has never landed people on the moon, it has landed unmanned probes on the moon, although the last time that happened was in 1976. China was the third country to successfully land an experimental package on the moon and the first to discover strange glass beads (珠) that it estimates could contain vast amounts of water. In June 2024, China’s Chang’e-6 spacecraft successfully landed on the far side of the moon, marking the first landing there, and collected lunar samples to Earth. China has announced it aims to put its astronauts on the moon by 2030. The Americans are also headed for the moon. They plan to launch a vehicle called Artemis Two in 2025 with four astronauts on board. The US also hopes to have scientists living on the moon by 2030. All of this space exploration is dangerous and extremely costly but there are good reasons to go back. There is a lot we can learn about the history of the Earth by looking carefully at the geology (地质学) of the moon. If, in fact, there is water near the moon’s south-pole, that could also give us valuable information about our own origins. The moon is seen as a stepping-stone towards manned landings on Mars. Manned exploration of the Red Planet is certainly possible within the Red Planet lifetimes. It’s fascinating to watch this activity, but don’t hold your breath waiting for Earthlings to visit another inhabitable (适合居住的) planet, one that could support us without the need for space-suits. The closest one of those is thought to be orbiting another star more than four light-years away, a journey that would take more than six thousand years and many generations using current technology. Will we get there someday? Perhaps, and the current space exploration may be baby-steps towards that day. 1．What happened to the 2023 Russian lunar mission? A．The probe broke down on the way. B．The spacecraft caught fire on the moon. C．It lasted longer than the 1976 mission. D．It sent an unmanned probe to the moon. 2．Which of the following is a record created by China’s lunar exploration? A．Collecting lunar samples. B．Landing astronauts on the moon. C．Launching the first lunar probe. D．Gaining beads with potential for water. 3．Why is the presence of water on the moon important according to the author? A．It makes further moon-landing possible. B．It supports human activities without space suits. C．It may reveal how humans came into being. D．It is essential for finding another inhabitable planet. 4．What does the author think of the search for another inhabitable planet? A．It’s a waste of time. B．It’s too far to achieve. C．It’s mature and fruitful. D．It takes efforts of generations. （24-25高三上·云南昆明·开学考试）The obesity (肥胖) rate in the United States is now over 40 percent, and other countries are dealing with the problem as well. In fact, research has linked the problem of obesity with heart disease, mental conditions and even some cancers. So it’s no wonder that almost any discussion on health includes the topic of weight control. According to healthcare professionals, eating a healthy diet and practicing weight control significantly reduces the risk of serious health problems. However, countless false claims and misinformation about weight loss fail to address the obesity issues. Methods promising quick weight loss aren’t healthy. Fortunately, trusted health specialists provide people with healthy ways to maintain a proper weight. They noted that healthy diets rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals certainly top the list, but eating healthily isn’t the whole story. Another essential aspect of weight control is exercise. People who exercise not only burn calories but also build muscle. You don’t have to spend hours at the gym to make that happen. Activities like walking, biking or swimming can make a difference in your weight and overall health. Just exercise consistently so it becomes a habit. In addition to a healthy diet and exercise, it’s essential to make lifestyle changes that support weight control. One significant lifestyle factor that contributes to weight gain is stress. Stress causes the body to release hormones (激素) that can lead to overeating. Therefore, finding healthy ways to manage stress can be beneficial as they help you maintain a healthy weight. For example, simple breathing exercises and morning stretches help regulate anxiety and depression. Regular exercise helps manage stress, too. Another factor that contributes to weight gain is lack of sleep. Sleep is essential, and studies have shown that an insufficient amount of sleep can contribute to weight gain. Aim for at least seven to eight hours of sleep each night to help your body maintain a healthy weight. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The effects of overweight. B．The necessity of weight control. C．The obesity rate in the USA． D．The efforts to deal with obesity. 2．Which of the following is a view of the health experts? A．Quick weight loss increases the risk of serious diseases. B．Eating healthily alone will not address the issue of obesity. C．False information about weight loss can rarely be identified. D．Nutrients, vitamins and minerals guarantee effective weight loss. 3．What can we learn about excising for weight control? A．Seeking professional guidance is a must. B．Excising at a gym doesn’t pay off. C．Burning calories outweighs building muscle. D．Informal workout done regularly matters. 4．Why does stress contribute to weight gain? A．It fuels our appetites. B．It changes our lifestyles. C．It weakens sleep quality. D．It prevents daily exercise. （24-25高三上·山西运城·开学考试）It’s the start of a new era of AI at Google, says CEO Sundar Pichai: the Gemini era. Gemini is Google’s latest large language model, which Pichai first mentioned at the I/O developer conference in June and is now releasing to the public. This significant advance in AI will ultimately impact almost all of Google’s products. Gemini is more than a single AI model. There’s a lighter version called Gemini Nano meant for offline Android devices, a more powerful version called Gemini Pro that will power many Google AI services, and an even more capable model called Gemini Ultra — the most powerful LLM (大语言模型) Google has yet created. It seems to be mostly designed for data centers and enterprise applications. OpenAI launched ChatGPT in 2022. Now Google is ready to fight back. “We’ve done a very thorough analysis of the systems side by side,” says CEO Sundar Pichai. Google ran 32 well- established criteria comparing the two models, from overall tests to the Python code generation. “I think we’re substantially (大量地) ahead on 30 out of 32 of those criteria.” he adds. Gemini’s clearest advantage comes from its ability to understand and interact with video and audio. This was by design: multi- modality has been part of the plan from the beginning. Google built one multi- sensory model from the beginning, unlike OpenAI’s separate models for images and voice. Right now, Gemini’s most basic models are text- based , but more advanced models like Gemini Ultra can work with images, video, and audio. “Over time,” Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis says, “Gemini will gain more senses, become more aware, accurate, and grounded. These models just sort of understand better about the world around them.” These models still have other problems, but Hassabis says they will improve as they learn more. 1．What is Gemini according to the text? A．A new language model in development. B．A light AI model designed for offline use. C．A new language model developed by Google. D．A light AI model created for specific enterprise applications. 2．What does Gemini Nano specialize in? A．Generating Python code. B．Running on offline Android devices. C．Powering Google AI services. D．Training separate models for images and voice. 3．What is a key advantage of Gemini over OpenAI’s ChatGPT? A．The ability to write Pyth on code. B．The ability to work with video and audio. C．The understanding and interaction with textual data. D．The ability to create separate models for images and voice. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Google will bring the most advanced models. B．Gemini models outperform OpenAI’s ChatGPT. C．Google will still work on the perfection of Gemini models. D．Gemini models are launched without even a slight imperfection. （24-25高三上·四川内江·开学考试）The streets, sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day, making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the day - and 22 degrees F hotter at night. These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms. According to a new study of downtown Chicago, underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract (收缩) enough to cause potential damage. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming,” says the study’s author Alessandro F. Rotta Loria, a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University. The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard (危险)” to civil infrastructure in cities with softer ground - especially those near water - Rotta Loria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change. Similar to climate change above the surface, these underground changes occur over long periods of time. “These effects took decades, a century, to develop,” Rotta Loria says, adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own. But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. For example, water pipes could be installed to run through underground hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy. 1．What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”? A．They can develop underground structures. B．They are impacted by global warming. C．They can destroy the ground around. D．They only exist in the United States. 2．Why does Alessandro F. Rotta Loria mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3? A．To discuss structural issues. B．To categorize climate change. C．To explain underground heat. D．To emphasize the neglected reality. 3．What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows? A．The future of tunnels and basements. B．The reusing approaches of heat energy. C．The cost of maintaining structures. D．The evolution of underground environment. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Underground climate change is a silent danger. B．Humans fail to notice the dramatic climate change. C．Cooling the surface helps control urban heat rises. D．Researching underground heat helps save on energy costs. （2024·四川巴中·一模）Artificial compounds found in things like food packaging can be a risk to our health. We can clean them up, but who will pay the vast bill? You are probably aware of the term “forever chemicals”, if not entirely clear on the specifics. What they are is a class of around 16,000 artificial compounds called PFAS that break down very slowly, in the environment and our bodies. They are extremely useful, but also a potential hazard to wildlife and human health. After more than 80 years of widespread and often unlimited use, PFAS pollution is more or less everywhere, from the soil on our farms to the rain that waters them. In all likelihood, you have a detectable amount of these chemicals in your body. A growing body of research has linked contact with some types of PFAS to harmful effects, such as kidney disease, immune disorder and certain types of cancer. Just a few parts per trillion of some forms accumulated over time is enough to be damaging. Moreover, contact is more or less unavoidable. How did we let it come to this? To some extent, society is facing the consequences of releasing many new chemicals without proper safety testing. That has to change, and not just for PFAS. Time and again we find, too late, that industrial chemicals are harmful — as now seems the case with those in some climbing shoes — Indoor climbing wall users may be breathing in toxic rubber dust — while allowing the firms that make them to carry on business as usual. There is nothing illegal in that. Nonetheless, the PFAS industry has been highly irresponsible. There is good evidence that some producers have known for decades that the chemicals could be harmful, but intentionally confused that knowledge. As the science of PFAS advances, there is optimism that they can be replaced, as well as rounded up from the environment and destroyed. But the bill will be vast. It isn’t unreasonable to ask the firms that invented and profited from these products to pay at least part of it. 1．What does the underlined word “hazard” in paragraph 2 mean? A．threat B．benefit C．safety D．effect 2．Why does the author mention “climbing shoes” in paragraph 4? A．To criticize poor shoe quality. B．To highlight climbing popularity. C．To argue safety of climbing shoes. D．To show harm of untested chemicals. 3．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．PFAS will be removed through science. B．PFAS cleanup will be complex to manage. C．Science could eventually make PFAS harmless. D．Companies should help cover cleanup expenses. 4．What’s the writing purpose of the passage? A．To promote the use of PFAS. B．To seek solutions of PFAS risks. C．To discuss new industrial chemicals. D．To explain the influence of PFAS. （2024·云南玉溪·一模）Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve moods by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call it a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything — most likely just due to the passage of time. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge (纵情) in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule. 1．Which aspect of comfort food do Traci Mann’s studies focus on? A．The means by which it affects moods. B．Its role in reducing negativity. C．The extent to which it lifts moods. D．Its impact on physical health. 2．How were the studies carried out? A．By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. B．By observing students’ different reactions to foods. C．By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. D．By collecting data about people from all walks of life. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To explain a rule. B．To introduce a concept. C．To present a fact. D．To make a suggestion. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Feeling Negative? Try Comfort Food B．Comfort Food May Not Work Wonders C．The Science Behind Comfort Food D．Comfort Food Tends to Be Unhealthy （24-25高三上·四川雅安·开学考试）An artificial intelligence (AI) tool of street view could be used to predict the risk of coronary heart disease — a condition where the heart’s arteries (动脉) are blocked, limiting blood flow to the heart by analysing neighbourhood environments, according to research. A study, published in the European Heart Journal, monitored everyday surroundings, including the quality of roads, buildings, and green spaces, and the role they play in determining heart health. Researchers were able to track the link between these environmental elements, including the presence or absence of pollution, and the risk of coronary heart disease. They found that these neighbourhood characteristics could account for 63% of the differences in heart disease risk from one community to another. The discovery stems from analysing more than half a million AI street view images across US cities, using computer vision to identify and interpret details that might go unnoticed by the human eye. The data provides urban planners and public health officials with information to design healthier living spaces and neighbourhoods. “Undoubtedly, there is a vast amount of social, economic and environmental data set,” said one of the study's authors, Prof Sanjay Rajagopalan. “However, there still remain significant gap s in our knowledge regarding unique environmental aspects of data that are currently beyond human comprehension. This is where the use of computer vision approaches may enable unique understanding of the physical and built environment.” By employing AI, researchers have been able to examine the details of neighbourhoods’ environment. The study employed computer vision technology, including applications used in medical imaging and autonomous driving, to identify details and then interpret them to make predictions or decisions. “We are getting to a place in human civilization where traditional approaches that have been used are rather limited and the use of AI to enhance human understanding is going to be critically important at solving complex problems,” Prof Rajagopalan said. 1．What is the finding of the study? A．How people can prevent heart diseases. B．How environments affect heart health. C．How AI can reduce heart disease risks. D．How the heart's arteries are blocked. 2．What can the finding of the study help to do? A．Promote computer technology. B．Reduce air and water pollution. C．Design green neighbourhoods. D．Advertise for an AI company. 3．Why was computer vision used in the study? A．The researchers had no environmental data. B．It had solved some environmental problems. C．People ignored the environment they live in. D．It helped people understand the environment. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The development of AI for hospitals B．The medical use of a street view tool C．The insight into healthy neighbourhoods D．The link between the heart and environment （24-25高三上·四川成都·开学考试）A new study by an international team of experts highlights how global methane (甲烷) emissions have been rising rapidly since 2006, particularly since 2020, a trend that’s expected to continue unless we do something very significant very soon. The study authors have then outlined some strategies countries can use to take action, and developed an online tool to help with this. This continual climb in methane emissions is largely due to the continued use of fossil (化石) fuels rather than cleaner options, the researchers say. It’s directly produced by oil, gas, and coal drilling and processing. The increasing release of methane from natural wetlands, caused by a hotter climate, is now also contributing. Methane is produced by rubbish sites, thawing permafrost, and animals too. The researchers, led by physicist and climate specialist Drew Shindell of Duke University in the US, suggest these are minor contributors at the moment — although ones that also need to be closely watched. “Worldwide efforts to limit climate change are rightly focused on carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary driver,” writes the team in their published paper. “However, since humanity has failed to properly address climate change for several decades, keeping warming below agreed goals now requires that we address all major climate pollutants.” There is currently much less methane in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide (CO2), but methane is a stronger greenhouse gas. We know that methane is a major contributor to the warming of the world, trapping heat like CO2 does. It also contributes to the formation of ozone (臭氧) at ground level, increasing the risk of death through respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. “Rapid reductions in methane emissions this decade are essential to slowing warming in the near future, limiting overshoot by the middle of the century and keeping low-warming carbon budgets within reach,” write the researchers. Warnings from scientists about the state of Earth’s climate path are now reaching a deafening level. Humanity should pay close attention to those warnings and take action. 1．What do we know about methane emissions? A．They are currently a minor concern. B．They have been going up since 2006. C．They have decreased steadily since 2020. D．They are mainly caused by cleaner options. 2．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The continued use of methane emissions. B．Strategies for reducing methane emissions. C．The impact of methane emissions on human health. D．The contributions of sources to methane emissions. 3．Why is reducing methane emissions considered urgent? A．Methane lessens the amount of ozone. B．Methane limits climate change effectively. C．Methane promotes global warming greatly. D．Methane keeps low-warming carbon budgets. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To call on people to handle methane emissions. B．To introduce the history of methane emissions. C．To highlight the dangers of methane formation. D．To advocate for the increased use of fossil fuels. （24-25高三上·河南焦作·开学考试）“Why birds sing is relatively well-understood,” says Ins Adam, a behavioral scientist at the University of Southern Denmark. The big question for her was: Why do birds sing so frequently? Previous research suggests that constant singing uses a lot of energy and exposes birds to others, making them vulnerable by revealing their location and territory, which is highly dangerous. However, in a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her colleagues offer a new explanation for this risky behavior. They suggest that songbirds may need to exercise their vocal (发声的) muscles to maintain top performance in their songs. These findings may also be relevant to human voices. Adam points out that if we apply these bird results to humans, any period of not speaking might lead to a loss in vocal performance. This insight suggests that songbirds could one day help us improve how we train and restore our own voices. Adam assumed the muscles that produce birdsong required daily exercise, so she designed an experiment on zebra finches — small Australian songbirds. Light is what attracts the birds to sing, so she prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark almost around the clock. The only exceptions were a few half-hour periods each day when the lights were turned on so the birds could eat and drink. After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. Adam then tested whether this muscle loss affected the quality of the birds’ songs. Although she couldn’t hear any difference when comparing a male’s song before and after the period of darkness, a group of female birds showed a clear preference: six out of nine preferred the song from a male who had been exercising his singing muscles daily. “This study highlights that achieving mastery in any skill requires a lot of practice,” says Ana Amador, a scientist at the University of Buenos Aires who was not involved in the research. 1．Which of the following best explains “vulnerable” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Rarely found. B．Easily targeted. C．Directly poisoned. D．Actively defended. 2．Why are human voices mentioned in the text? A．To illustrate Adam’s idea by comparison. B．To assess Adam’s previous work accurately. C．To show the significance of studying birdsong. D．To stress the distinction between human voices and birdsong. 3．What is the basis for Adam’s experiment? A．Birds need little practice for better singing. B．Light is a contributory factor in birds’ singing. C．Weakening muscles result in less attractive songs. D．Male birds produce songs to attract female birds. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Singing Invites Trouble to Birds B．Songbirds Help Restore Human Voices C．Vocal Muscles: the Secret of Birds’ Singing D．Daily Singing: Essential for Birds’ Vocal Muscle Fitness （24-25高三上·陕西安康·开学考试）A phenomenon that concerns many parents is that American children are not learning to read. And schools are struggling to improve the dropping test scores: focusing on phonics(拼读法). But in doing so, they are ignoring something of equal importance: the role knowledge plays in helping children become good readers. To be clear, not all kids suffer from poor reading skills. International comparisons indicate that American children below the age of 10 are competent at identifying words and summarizing the main topic of a text. However, once kids enter middle school and standardized tests begin measuring deeper levels of reading comprehension, scores decline. By age 15, only 14 percent of U. S. children are good at reading and nearly 20 percent are failing to read at a baseline proficiency(基线水平). Most ninth- graders in the country are not skilled at absorbing and using information obtained from written material. So, what is deep reading comprehension, and how might we promote it in schools? When reading fiction or poetry, deep comprehension involves using clues in the text to make inferences about the characters’ underlying (隐含的) emotions. When it comes to the sciences, deep comprehension consists of calling up relevant background knowledge and integrating it with information from the text. High- schoolers will read history or journalism and ask: Who wrote this, and what agenda was the writer promoting? In a word, deep comprehension means taking advantage of prior knowledge to dynamically engage with writers and their works. The process of teaching kids to read better through knowledge acquisition must start early. Data gathered at home, schools and in labs show that 1- to-3- year- old children who have conversations with older people learn to read more easily than children who do not. And it’s not just the quantity of conversation that matters. The information in those discussions shapes better literacy skills. Exploring conversation is key to helping children to become good readers. Such discussion leads to reading comprehension skills that go beyond the shallow standards we’ve set. 1．What do US schools pay little attention to? A．Test scores. B．Student equality. C．Word pronunciation. D．Knowledge acquisition. 2．What’s the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To show the necessity of deep reading comprehension. B．To state the impact of tests on reading comprehension. C．To present the students’ bad academic performances. D．To prove the significance of the school reading guide. 3．Which can help improve children’s reading comprehension skills? A．Reading more good works. B．Ignoring the author’s inner emotions. C．Engaging in deep discussions. D．Focusing on conversations in books. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Finding new methods of developing better reading skills. B．Improving deep reading comprehension of US students. C．What skills can be acquired from early conversations. D．Why reading comprehension is important to students. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$