17 Unit 3 On the move Period 3-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册同步讲义(外研版2019)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas) 1．represent v．代表，表示；描述，描绘；表明，提出 (1)represent...with...　 用……代表…… represent...as... 把……描述成…… represent oneself as 自称是…… represent sth．to sb． 向某人说明/传达某事 (2)representation n． 代表；描述 representative n． 代表 adj． 典型的，有代表性的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world． ②It is a great honor to give a speech here，as a representative (represent) of all the students of our school． ③我代表我们团队全体成员写信邀请您参加我们的活动。 Representing all our team members，I am writing to invite you to participate in our activity． 2．basis n．基础；根据 (1)on the basis of　　 在……的基础上，根据…… on a regular basis 定期 (2)base v． 以……为依据 n． 基部；基地；基础 base...on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础 (3)basic adj． 基本的；基础的 basically adv． 基本上，本质上，大致说来 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She was chosen for the job on the basis (base) of her ability to keep on well with others． ②It's recommended that one should always base his opinions on facts． ③队员们每天放学后都要接受训练，并有机会定期观看乒乓球比赛。 Team members need to receive training after school every day and are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis． 3．equipment n．装备，设备，用具 (1)a piece/set of equipment 一件/套设备 (2)equip v． 装备 equip...with... 用……装备…… be equipped with 装备着…… equip sb．for sth． 使某人能够胜任某事 equip sb．to do sth． 使某人准备好做某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①In the museum of science and technology we saw a lot of interesting things and equipment (equip)． ②The path to success is rocky and you need to be fully equipped for the trip． ③He is equipped with much experience in teaching，so he is well respected by all his students． →Equipped with much experience in teaching，he is well respected by all his students．(过去分词短语作状语) →Equipping himself with much experience in teaching，he is well respected by all his students．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 4．content n．满意，满足；内容 v．使满意，使满足 adj．满意的，满足的 (1)to one's heart's content 尽情地；心满意足地 (2)content oneself with 使自己满足于 (3)be content with 满足于 be content to do sth． 满足于做某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After Mr Black retired，he was content to live(live) in the country． ②She stayed in the library，where she could read to her heart's content． ③获得英语演讲比赛第二名我已经知足了，因为我尽最大努力了。 I was content with second place in the English speech contest as I tried my best． 5．defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫；保护，保卫；辩护 (1)defend...from/against... 保卫……抵御…… defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 (2)defence n． 防御；保卫；防御物 in defence of 为……辩护 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The wall was built to defend the road from being washed (wash) away by the sea． ②When he was in danger，two friends came to his defence (defend)． ③不管代价如何，我们都要抵御敌人，保卫我们的国家。 a．We shall defend our country against the enemy whatever the cost may be．(defend) b．We shall be in defence of our country against the enemy whatever the cost may be．(defence) 6．break down 消除，拆除；分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(谈判等)破裂，失败 [一词多义]　写出下列句中 break down的含义 ①Our car broke down on the way to the company． 出故障 ②Her health broke down under the pressure of work． 垮掉 ③Talks with business leaders broke down last night． 破裂 ④To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts． 分解 ⑤Attempts must be made to break down the barrier between the two countries． 消除 break in 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into 强行闯入 break out 爆发；突然发生 break up 分手；解散；拆开 break through 突破；克服，战胜 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ⑥A fire broke out on New Year's Eve，which caused a lot of damage． ⑦Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer． ⑧他正在搜索有关比赛的信息，这时电脑坏了。 He was searching for information about the competition when the computer broke down． 7．conflict n．武装冲突，战斗，战争，冲突，矛盾 v．矛盾，冲突，抵触 (1)armed/military conflict　　 武装/军事冲突 come into conflict with 与……发生冲突 in conflict with 与……相冲突 (2)conflict with 与……发生冲突 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A major goal of the country is to help prevent conflicts (conflict) and end wars． ②She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career． ③当和同学发生冲突时，重要的是保持冷静并站在对方的立场考虑问题。 When you conflict with your classmate，it is important to keep calm and put yourself in the other person's place． 1．given that引导条件状语从句 (教材P34)Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon，we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! 想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！ [句式分析]　given that意为“考虑到，鉴于，如果，倘若，只要”，用作连词引导条件状语从句。 Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival，I'm writing to introduce the Dragon Boat Festival to you． 鉴于你对中国传统节日非常感兴趣，我写信向你介绍端午节。 与given that用法类似的还有： considering (that)... 考虑到，鉴于 provided (that)...＝ providing (that)... 倘若；在……情况/条件下 supposing (that)... 倘若；在……情况/条件下 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Considering(consider)what you've done，it's natural that some people stay away with you． ②There is a discount for the cost of the three-week English course provided/providing(provide)that you pay in advance． ③倘若他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。 Given/Provided/Providing/Supposing that he can get another chance，he will surely succeed． 2．it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语 (教材P37)It is amazing to see how professional players use their bodies to pass，score and defend． 看职业球员运用身体传球、得分、防守是令人眼花缭乱的。 [句式分析]　It is amazing to see...是句式“It is＋adj．＋to do sth．”意为“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。 It is interesting to look at differences between schools in different countries． 了解不同国家的学校之间的差异是很有趣的。 it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It is＋adj．＋(of/for sb．)to do sth． (2)It is＋adj．/n．＋that从句 (3)It is no good/use doing sth．做某事是没有好处/用的 [名师点津]　在“It is＋adj．＋of/for sb．to do sth．”中，for前面通常是difficult，necessary，important，easy等与事物的特征有关的形容词；而of前面常是kind，nice，good，stupid，silly，careful，careless等与人的特征有关的形容词。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is true that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life． ②It is no use trying(try)to solve the problem by force; peace talks are the only solution． ③经历了这次经济危机，这个国家短期内恢复正常是不可能的。 It is impossible for this country to recover in a short time over this financial crisis． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．The book was written on the basis(base)of careful observations and detailed studies． 2．There is a conflict between what they are doing and what you want． 3．Not content to stay(stay)at home，she set off to see the world at the age of 20． 4．The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual fire alarm systems． 5．The pills which contain this kind of chemical can break down the fat in the body． 6．Given(give)that the contract is strictly carried out，we will give you another bigger contract． 7．In order to defend our country from outside attacks，we must strengthen our national defence(defend)． 8．The study was carried out in a small town，so we can't be sure that the results are truly representative (represent)． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．我父母在农村住得很满足，那里空气清新，蔬菜新鲜。(content) My parents are content to live in the countryside，where the air is clean and vegetables are fresh． 2．在日常生活中与他人发生冲突是很正常的，但我们应该以和平的方式解决冲突。(conflict) It is natural to come into conflict with others in everyday life，but we should settle them in a peaceful way． 3．孩子们参加户外活动很重要，因为这可以让他们接近大自然。(it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语) It's important for children to take part in outdoor activities，because this can make them get close to nature． 4．鉴于你坚持每天练习踢足球，你迟早会成为一名优秀的球员的。(given that引导条件状语从句) Given that you keep on practising playing football every day，you'll sooner or later become an excellent player． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Nowadays，football is popular enough to attract millions of players and fans all over the world．It has a history that 1．goes(go)back over two thousand years to Ancient China．In fact，football we now play started in Great Britain，where the game 2．was given(give)new rules． The reasons why football is so popular are as follows．First，football is such a simple and cheap game to play 3．that you can see kids playing to their hearts' content with a ball 4．made(make)of plastic bags; just like Pelé did when he was a boy． Next，it is a game with 5．creativity(create)and excitement on the field．It is amazing 6．to see(see)how professional players use their bodies to pass，score and defend，or to feel the excitement of a game 7．ending (end) with a surprising twist． What's more，football breaks 8．down walls and brings people together on and off the field．For example，British and German 9．soldiers(soldier)put down their guns and played football together on Christmas Day 1914．So just as Bill Shankly said，football is much more 10．than just a sport． 课时分层作业(七) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．Self-confidence is the key factor(因素)in any successful career． 2．We applauded and cheered for a goal(进球得分)scored by our own team． 3．Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death(死亡)like autumn leaves． 4．Fashion is an essential part of our life，which isn't in conflict(冲突)with our studies． 5．They loaded themselves up with food，medical supplies and oxygen equipment(设备)． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．I'm trying to get into the habit of saving money on a regular basis (base)． 2．The rich man is tired of city life，so he is content to live (live) in the country． 3．On the way home，our car broke down，which made us very upset． 4．His favourite colour is blue because blue represents(represent)calm and it is good for mind and body． 5．Surprised and terrified，we tried all the ways we knew to drive the bear away in defence (defend) of our camp． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A Outdoor Football @ Braywick Tue．，Mar．8，9: 00 pm A friendly kickabout，open to all levels．Different players each week．Newcomers welcome． We book the pitch(球场)when we hit the minimum of 8 “yes” RSVPs (回复)，which we need to do by the day before． The cost is ￡4 to ￡6 each，depending on how many people sign up(￡50 for the pitch，divided by the number of players)． DON'T BE LATE! We need to be there，changed and ready for kick-off at 9: 00 p．m．If the game is ever canceled，we will let those who have already RSVP “yes” know． LOCATION: Toby Carvery Stafferton Lodge PLEASE BRING： ·Suitable boots for the outdoor 3G pitches．Artificial grass(AG)football boots are strongly recommended as the best option for the surface． ·Some cash — up to ￡6，as explained above． RSVP TERMS AND CONDITIONS! ·When you RSVP “Yes”， we book a spot on the pitch for you．The organizer is charged for the pitch unless he or she cancels it at least 48 hours before the game． ·If you change your RSVP to “No” less than 48 hours before play or you are a “No Show” and nobody is able to take your spot，you will be asked to pay the price as if you took part． BRINGING GUESTS： You are more than welcome to bring 1 or 2 friends to play (but only if you add “＋1” or “＋2” to your RSVP，so that we don't end up with too many players)． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章告知所有级别的人员将要举行一场友谊赛，每周都有不同的球员，同时也欢迎新人，并且附上了参赛要求。 1．What is the deadline for the booking of the pitch? A．Mar．5． B．Mar．6． C．Mar．7． D．Mar．8． C　[细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Tue．，Mar．8，9：00 pm”第二段“We book the pitch when we hit the minimum of 8 ‘yes’ RSVPs，which we need to do by the day before．”可知，比赛开始日是3月8日，需要提前一天3月7日就定好。故选C项。] 2．What are you required to do as a player? A．Arrive at the pitch before 9: 00 p．m． B．Wear firm-ground boots when playing． C．Bring at least ￡6 to the pitch． D．Inform cancelation 24 hours ahead． A　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段“DON'T BE LATE! We need to be there，changed and ready for kick-off at 9: 00 p．m．”可知，对于参赛者的要求是在晚上9点之前到达。故选A项。] 3．What will happen if you fail to turn up? A．You still need to pay． B．You can join the next game for free． C．You will be fined for it． D．You will be banned from the games． A　[细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“If you change your RSVP to ‘No’ less than 48 hours before play or you are a ‘No Show’ and nobody is able to take your spot，you will be asked to pay the price as if you took part．”可知，如果你没来你还是要付钱的。故选A项。] B I come from a family that loves sports．My father coaches Little League baseball．My mother swims nearly every weekend．My brother is on his high school basketball team，and I am the best hitter on my middle school volleyball team．All of us have benefited (受益)from sports．One of the most common ways for kids to take part in sports is to join a team．Joining a sports team should be a school requirement． Playing sports is good for both the body and mind．Everyone knows that exercise helps people stay fit．For example，swimming helps your heart work better and it also helps build muscle strength (肌肉力量)．In addition，school athletes often have a healthy diet．I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables and avoid fatty foods because I must stay in great condition． Being on a team allows students to enjoy a healthier social life．They often make more friends and can be some of the most popular kids in school．Since joining the basketball team，my brother has made friends with a lot of his teammates and has showed more interest in spending time with them． Kids who take part in school teams sometimes earn college scholarships (奖学金)．My brother's friend，Justin，played football in high school．His family did not have money to send him to college．However，a college invited him to play on its team．The college is paying for him to go to school．Joining a team turned out to be one of the best decisions he had ever made．Now he studies at a great college and plays on its football team．Not every school athlete gets a college scholarship，but joining a school team makes it possible． Although some people may not like the idea of forcing students to join a school team，its many benefits such as keeping kids healthy，new friendships，and possible scholarships cannot be denied (否认)． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要结合作者的亲身经历，介绍锻炼对身心的好处，并且作者支持让学生加入学校运动队。 4．What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 2? A．Playing sports has health benefits． B．Students should spend more time exercising． C．Swimming is an excellent sport for students． D．School athletes must try to eat a healthy diet． A　[段落大意题。根据第二段中“Playing sports is good for both the body and mind．Everyone knows that exercise helps people stay fit．”可知，本段主要讲述了运动对健康的好处。故选A项。] 5．How did the author's brother change after joining the team? A．He had a busier life． B．He got more chances． C．He worked much harder． D．He became more sociable． D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Being on a team allows students to enjoy a healthier social life．”以及“Since joining the basketball team，my brother has made friends with a lot of his teammates and has showed more interest in spending time with them．”可知，作者的哥哥自从参加篮球队后变得更加喜欢交际。故选D项。 ] 6．What can we infer about Justin? A．He is a good football player． B．He will be given a scholarship． C．He is managing a school team． D．He comes from a wealthy family． A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“My brother's friend，Justin，played football in high school．His family did not have money to send him to college．However，a college invited him to play on its team．The college is paying for him to go to school．”可推测，Justin是一个很好的球员，所以大学才会邀请他加入自己的队伍，并给他支付学费。故选A项。] 7．What is the author's attitude to making students join school teams? A．He doubts it． B．He is in support of it． C．He is worried about it． D．He pays little attention to it． B　[观点态度题。根据第一段中“Joining a sports team should be a school requirement．”以及最后一段内容“Although some people may not like the idea of forcing students to join a school team，its many benefits such as keeping kids healthy，new friendships，and possible scholarships cannot be denied．”可推测，作者支持让学生加入学校运动队。故选B项。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 Training “smart” is more important than the amount of daily practice． Too often an athlete believes that the more he/she practices，the more proficient he/she will become． 1 It can also be harmful to achieving the desired outcome．An athlete who practices frequently and hard without an overall plan will be more likely to suffer the effects of overtraining rather than actually improving performance． 2 Yet，by developing a set of specific goals and a plan for reaching those goals，athletes can more effectively use their practice time and even reduce the time required in practice to attain their goals．Obviously，this does not mean that the martial artist can achieve rank or win tournaments with little practice． 3 Setting performance goals is beneficial for a number of reasons． 4 When the martial artist is able to observe progress towards a goal on a daily or weekly basis，he/she is more likely to remain interested in achieving that goal．If instead，he/she engages in routine practice towards a belt rank that is six months away，it is easier to become discouraged．In addition，goal setting helps the athlete know what is expected，which allows for greater attention to a particular skill that needs to be developed． 5 Finally，setting realistic，achievable goals increases the athlete's self-confidence which is crucial to the ultimate outcome of success．Self-confidence increases because his/her attitude regarding success becomes more positive as goals are accomplished． A．It is not always the case． B．However，such training is ineffective． C．It reduces boredom and increases motivation． D．Thus，practice becomes more focused and efficient． E．It means that the athlete does not need to waste time． F．Firstly，it requires less patience and boosts confidence． G．Typically，they will experience burnout，exhaustion，and increased injuries． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章认为，对于运动员来说，并不是练习得越多越好，重要的是有一个全面的计划并设定成绩目标；文章还阐述了设定成绩目标的好处。 1．B　[根据空格上句“Too often an athlete believes that the more he/she practices，the more proficient he/she will become．”可知，运动员经常认为练习得越多，就会变得越熟练。根据空格下句“It can also be harmful to achieving the desired outcome．”可知，过多的练习也可能对实现预期结果有害。由此可推断出，空格句应为转折关系的句子，说明并不是练习得越多越好，B项“然而，这种训练是无效的。”能够引起下文内容。故选B项。] 2．G　[根据空格上句“An athlete who practices frequently and hard without an overall plan will be more likely to suffer the effects of overtraining rather than actually improving performance．”可知，没有一个全面的计划而只是经常练习的运动员更容易受到过度训练的影响。由此可推断出，空格句应为过度训练会给运动员带来哪些影响，G项“通常情况下，他们会感觉过度劳累和筋疲力尽，也会增加身体上的损伤。”阐述了过度训练带来的影响，能够承接上文。故选G项。] 3．E　[根据空格上句“this does not mean...”可推断出，后文要阐述的是“这意味着……”。E项“这意味着运动员不需要浪费时间。”的It means that与上文的this does not mean that相对照，表明了没有一个全面的计划而只是经常练习，对于运动员来说是浪费时间。故选E项。] 4．C　[根据空格上句“Setting performance goals is beneficial for a number of reasons．”可知，设定成绩目标有很多好处。由此可推断出，下文应该阐述到底有什么好处。C项“它能减少无聊，增加动力。”阐述了设定成绩目标的好处，能够承接上文。后文中的“he/she is more likely to remain interested in achieving that goal”也举例说明了设定成绩目标的好处。故选C项。] 5．D　[根据空格上句“In addition，goal setting helps the athlete know what is expected，which allows for greater attention to a particular skill that needs to be developed．”可知，目标设定有助于提高关注度，D项“因此，练习变得更加集中和有效。”进一步说明了目标设定的好处，能够承接上文，都讲述了目标设定可以提高练习的针对性和关注度。故选D项。] 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$