专题12 期终考试押题之阅读理解议论文（提分干货+名校模拟）-2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)

专题12 期终考试押题之阅读理解议论文 原卷版 （提分干货+名校模拟） 技能专区：冲刺名师提醒，洞悉高考规律，提供高效提分干货 社会现象类议论文阅读解题技巧 这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。 1、浏览试题，明确要求。 在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。 2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。 在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。 3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。 通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。 4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。 在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。 5、进行合理的推理判断。 对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。 6、认真复读，验证答案。 要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。 阅读理解议论文名师提醒 一、阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 三、形容词适配题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词，确定最佳答案。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 六、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心 【江苏·阅读·议论文01】（24-25高二上·江苏南通·期中）Failure is a big part of everyone’s life. The problem many of us face, however, is that we automatically equate experiencing failure with being a failure. We view it as something to be ashamed of, or embarrassed about, something to be avoided or hidden. In fact, failure gives us an opportunity to learn, adapt and grow. It should be expected on the way to achieving life goals and used as a feedback mechanism (机制) to get it right next time, or the time after. I recently saw a woman who had to give up studying for her university degree. She had bipolar disorder (躁郁症) and was unable to cope with the pressure of studying. She was studying to be a teacher and had hoped to find a teaching job. However, she failed her exams and job interviews, and overall felt like she was failing to achieve anything. One of the things she enjoyed doing was singing in a band. So in order to earn a bit of money, she began giving singing lessons to children in her community. Fast forward 18 months and she now has her own growing business of teaching singing full-time. She hasn’t achieved this goal in the way she imagined, and she wouldn’t have embarked on this path without the setbacks she encountered. What was it about this woman that made her succeed? Yes, failure had a big part to play, but the ability to bounce back and be flexible was an important factor. An important part of developing flexibility is having a supportive network. Having relationships with people who can support us helps us go through tough times. Our attitudes toward ourselves are also crucially important, including a sense that we are in control of our actions, have confidence in what we do, realize our strengths and set ourselves achievable and realistic goals. This is all necessary to flexibility. The secret to flexibility lies in accepting that there are things in life we cannot change. Rather than thinking of ourselves as victims, we need to realize we have the ability to change the way we think, behave and, ultimately, feel. Life may throw manure (粪肥) at us, but we can grow roses with it. 1．What do people usually think of failure? A．Shameful. B．Unavoidable. C．Changeable. D．Rewarding. 2．What do paragraphs 3-4 mainly talk about? A．Ways to achieve our goals in life. B．Reflection on how to avoid failure. C．Reasons why failure can’t be avoided. D．An example of turning failure into a chance. 3．What does the author think contributes to the woman’s success? A．His positive mindset. B．Her ability to adapt. C．Her eagerness to learn. D．Her courage and persistence. 4．What is the key to being flexible, according to the author? A．Ignoring what bothers us. B．Keeping improving our abilities. C．Learning to accept failure. D．Setting goals based on our interests. 【江苏·阅读·议论文02】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Teaching is a caregiving profession. We all have that one teacher who inspired us to aim higher, choose a certain career path, or simply discover our passions. This role comes with not only many satisfactions, but lots of pressure to hold yourselves to a higher standard. The responsibilities of teachers only increased during the pandemic, so teachers had to show compassion for students and parents — often without expecting the same treatment. That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations. However, where does that leave teachers? Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed to make my online classes as enjoyable as possible for my students. Later, it turned out that other teachers were having problems as well. I had zero reasons to feel so isolated in my experience. What I needed was self-compassion. According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.” In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life. Being a teacher comes with so many expectations and responsibilities. In theory, nobody’s perfect, but there’s great pressure to be a good role model, educator, mentor, etc. The inner critic has so much more “material” to work with when you’ re in front of a class. It’s no wonder that in stressful situations, it’s harder to control your self-talk. For example, if you fail to upload a lesson on time, your inner critic will jump at the chance to say, “You’ re so forgetful, and I can’t believe you did this.” It’s no secret that teachers are usually under a lot of stress. A part of the solution can be incorporating self-compassion into teaching, which can not only enhance a satisfactory job but also have a good effect on students. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Teachers’ dedicating themselves to the cause of teaching. B．Teachers’ showing great compassion for themselves. C．Teachers’ suffering from unknown mental pressure. D．Teachers’ failing to learn something in their careers. 2．Which of the following fits with Dr. Kristin Neff’s view on self-compassion? A．Self-compassion is hard for teachers to learn. B．Self-compassion helps teachers understand students well. C．The more self-compassion you have, the more benefits you’ll get. D．The more you understand others, the more self-compassion you’ll have. 3．What can be inferred from the example given in paragraph 3? A．Teachers’ responsibilities matter. B．Teachers have a lot of work pressure. C．Teachers play a big role in students’ life. D．It’s normal for teachers to do wrong things. 4．What is mainly talked about in the text? A．The importance of teachers’ self-compassion. B．The suggestions on raising future generations. C．The necessity of reducing the burden on teachers. D．The approaches to teachers’ growth and development. 【江苏·阅读·议论文03】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth. Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. For example, ecologists build models to estimate gray wolf abundance in Montana, US. It’s impractical to spot them all and count them. Abundance models are not 100 percent accurate, but they offer estimates that seem good enough to set harvesting quotas (限额) and maintain the ecosystem. Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. For instance, the lives of people living with  illnesses can be improved by research on how to relieve symptoms, even if the true causes of their disorders are largely unknown to current medicine. People often think “real science” should provide definite, complete and perfect answers to their questions. However, given various limitations and the world’s complexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is often the best way for scientists to reach their goals and solve the problems at hand. In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it. The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day. So, real science is a collective, imperfect and may-sided process in which scientists contribute multiple and often partial solutions to complex and diverse problems. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the article? A．By describing a scientific research process. B．By telling a scientist’s personal experience. C．By giving an example of scientific failure. D．By presenting a common misconception. 2．What do paragraphs 2-3 mainly talk about? A．The challenges faced by scientists. B．The history of scientific research. C．The methods scientists use to share results. D．The various focuses of scientists in their research. 3．What is the author’s view on healthy disagreements in science? A．They are essential for scientific progress. B．They create confusion and delay conclusions. C．They indicate problems in scientific methods. D．They often lead to the rejection of old theories. 4．Why does the author mention Jean Baptiste Perrin’s experiments and the subsequent debate ? A．To show science is a collection of facts. B．To prove scientific knowledge is always absolute. C．To illustrate science is a dynamic and evolving process. D．To show scientific conclusion can be reached after discussion. 【江苏·阅读·议论文04】（24-25高三上·江苏镇江·期中）Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. So, offered the chance to be hooked up to the machine for the rest of your life, would you choose the machine or real life? The vast majority of people would choose real life, despite some discomfort, sorrow, and upset. This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. What’s also interesting is that it’s hard to say whether we really are happy or not. A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in retrospect — we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness. When we say we were happy in a relationship, for example, what we often mean is that recalling that relationship gives us happiness now. 1．What is the function of the machine mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Creating desired pleasure. B．Boosting your brain power. C．Detecting the surroundings. D．Helping you identify feelings. 2．Why does the author mention Michelangelo and his creation? A．To prove the impact of creativity. B．To recognize his contribution to art. C．To inspire other artists to work harder. D．To show the importance of emotional contrast. 3．What does the underlined word “retrospect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A review. B．A procedure. C．A condition. D．A scene. 4．What does the author intend to convey in the passage? A．Life highlights hope. B．Life goes beyond happiness. C．Life calls for rapid action. D．Life reflects your thoughts. 【江苏·阅读·议论文05】（24-25高二上·江苏常州·期中）I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This theory helps explain the springing up of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high performance. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business: politics, the army and even the Roman Empire. And it has been much apparent before and during the Olympics, which end in Paris on August 11th. Executives (主管) attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires 100% commitment and hard work. Sporting excellence rests on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the platform in Paris are competitive and resilient (适应力强). It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are cliché (老生常谈), many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting events have clear standards for winning or losing; most jobs lack this. A four-year Olympic cycle building to a match that may last only seconds has few similar examples in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are blessed not just with determination but also natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to discover such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose talents will vary and whose jobs will not depend as heavily on genetics (遗传). “As soon as I saw that kid log on, I knew he was special.” are words you do not often hear. Whether similarities or differences, these are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple recipe for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster or jump higher than anyone else. They want to hear stories that can have no practical value back in the office. If they can pretend it’s good for their career, so much the better. 1．Why does the author mention the theory in Paragraph 1? A．To prove a point. B．To lead in the topic. C．To present a fact. D．To explain a concept. 2．Why do CEOs turn to Olympians? A．To seek business partners. B．To get the secrets to success. C．To prove the truth of a theory. D．To expand their social circle. 3．What is the author’s attitude to learning from Olympians? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．What can Olympians teach CEOs? B．How do CEOs differ from Olympians? C．What is the recipe for business success? D．Why are Olympians more successful than CEOs? 【江苏·阅读·议论文06】（24-25高三上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent 【江苏·阅读·议论文07】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·阶段练习）The idea of a four­day workweek sounds appealing: Work efficiently over a shorter period of time and then enjoy the benefits of three­day weekends. Generally, employees are paid the same amount as they are when working longer hours. In the process, workers could find work­life balance and personal growth. Facing the high­rate career mobility of their staff, some employers are willing to try this new idea too, as they seek to improve employee retention. But how it is carried out matters. Best cases: Shorter workweeks boost productivity and reduce burnout. Worst cases: Workers who struggle to complete their tasks within limited hours may face overwhelming pressure to accomplish them even faster. 4 Day Week Global, a non­profit organization that conducts trials with academics and promotes shorter workweeks, recently released new findings from a year­long research period with companies that volunteered to participate. After six months of aiming to work 32 hours a week, participants reported an overall boost in well­being and job satisfaction, which remained higher than baseline levels(基准水平) another six months later. Companies and workers included in the report rated the trials positively and indicated their desire to continue four­day workweeks. A four­day workweek can lead to improvements only if it is carried out properly. For those workers required to shoulder an unmanageable workload to begin with, trying to complete work in fewer hours could lead to burnout. How workers spend their off­hours matters too. If an employee spends Friday relaxing at the park or enjoying time with family, it’s easy to see how they would come back refreshed and energetic on Monday. But if a worker spends Friday answering emails from clients who are not on a reduced schedule, that may not be the case. While there are numerous factors to be taken into account, in recent years, companies and governments around the world have been considering the idea of reducing working hours while maintaining pay, especially in white­collar industries with standard 40­hour workweeks. 1．What does the underlined word “retention” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Well­being. B．Salary. C．Longer stays. D．Useful skills. 2．Who is more likely to agree with the idea of a four­day workweek? A．Those who are burdened with more work. B．Those who can work with great efficiency. C．Those who seek for more money and pleasure. D．Those who have a high level of job satisfaction. 3．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 5? A．A happy weekend can help boost work efficiency. B．Some workers are occupied even during weekends. C．A three­day weekend will lead to a tighter schedule. D．All workers can embrace a new weekday energetically. 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Entertainment. B．Education. C．Politics. D．Society. 【江苏·阅读·议论文08】（24-25高二上·江苏宿迁·期中）The Chinese delegation’s excellent performance in Paris has carried forward the spirit of Chinese sports, as well as the Olympic spirit. In the quarterfinal match of the men’s table tennis at the 2024 Paris Olympics, Fan Zhendong delivered a dramatic performance that captivated fans worldwide. The match started with Fan Zhendong falling behind 0-2. Zhangbenzhihe capitalized on his aggressive play and precision, almost no mistakes. Then, Fan adjusted tactics quickly, leveling the score at 2-2. This comeback was testament to Fan’s resilience and adaptability. Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3. Fan Zhendong turned the tide and fought until the last ball, ultimately winning 4-3 against the Japanese player Zhangbenzhihe, advancing to the semifinal. This remarkable victory highlighted the sportsmanship of our players. The spirit of sports teaches us that the journey is often more important than the destination. It’s about pushing our limits, testing our endurance, and overcoming obstacles. Whether we’re running the last mile of a marathon, fighting for the final point in a tennis match, or defending our goal in a soccer game, the essence of sports lies in our refusal to surrender. When we face setbacks, it’s easy to feel disheartened. But it’s in these moments that the spirit of sports shines the brightest. It reminds us to dust ourselves off, to stand up taller, and to keep moving forward. Every athlete, at some point, has faced the temptation to quit, but it’s the ones who persevere that write the history of sports. The spirit of sports is not just about winning. It’s about the lessons we learn on the field, the character we build through adversity, and the bonds we forge with our teammates. It’s about the countless hours of practice, the sacrifices we make, and the dreams we chase. It’s about never ever giving up, no matter how to ugh the challenge may be. So, let’s cheer louder, run faster, and reach higher, for in the heart of every athlete, the flame of determination burns eternal-never ever give up. 1．What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A．The Chinese delegation excels at self-discipline. B．The Chinese delegation cares a lot about the medals. C．The Chinese delegation breathes life into the Olympics. D．The Chinese delegation highlights sports spirit in the Olympics. 2．What was the fourth score Fan Zhendong against Zhangbenzhihe? A．4 to 3 B．2 to 2 C．3 to 3 D．2 to 3 3．What can we learn from Fan zheng dong? A．Luck plays a crucial role in winning. B．Opponents are not important in a game. C．Talent is more important than hard work. D．Perseverance and skills contribute to success. 4．What is the essence of sports according to last three paragraphs? A．Never letting go. B．Embracing the victory. C．Throwing in the towel. D．Having a strong constitution. 【江苏·阅读·议论文09】（24-25高二上·江苏连云港·期中）There are over 1.3 billion people living with disabilities worldwide, representing about 16 percent of the global population, according to the UN. Despite their numbers, this group is often ignored in society. This is where the Paralympic Games (残奥会) step in — to provide a platform for people’ s support. The Paralympics is not a secondary version of the Olympics but an equal celebration of athletic excellence. Yet, despite its significance, the Paralympics struggle for media attention and audience engagement. Many media organizations, focused on making money, often choose to replay the Olympic broadcasts rather than cover the Paralympic events live. This oversight contributes to a lack of public awareness and understanding of the athletes’ training and achievements. The importance of the Paralympics extends beyond the sports field. For the over 1.3 billion people with disabilities globally, the Paralympics is a vital reminder of the need for recognition and inclusion. The Paralympics have indeed showed this powerful change. Besides, the impact of the Paralympics should not be limited to the event itself.A broader social change is needed to address the challenges faced by people with disabilities daily. This means recognizing people with disabilities not as objects of pity, but as individuals with the same right to participate fully in society. The Paralympics show the Olympic spirit. Through their influence, they challenge us to expand our understanding of beauty, ability, and inclusion. Yet, the Paralympics alone cannot achieve the social change badly needed. It is up to us to see beyond disabilities and recognize the full humanity（人性） of people with disabilities. When the society can understand and include them, the Paralympics will have completed their greatest task: Creating a world where everyone is valued and respected. May the flame of the Paralympics not only light up the stadiums but also fire up global awareness, empathy, and action toward making the world a more inclusive place for everyone. 1．What’s the current situation about the disabled? A．They are treated equally. B．They are frequently neglected. C．People solve the problems timely. D．People show too much pity on them. 2．What does the underlined word “oversight” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ignorance. B．Judgement. C．Appeal. D．Challenge. 3．Why is it necessary to host the Paralympic Games? A．To encourage people to exercise. B．To attract people to watch the games. C．To voice people’s opinion on life value. D．To make the disabled valued and respected. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Paralympics benefit the world. B．The Paralympics mean more beyond sports. C．The disabled share the same right in events. D．The disabled fulfil their dreams by working hard. 【江苏·阅读·议论文10】（24-25高二上·江苏连云港·期中）It’s a wild world out there online, with dis-and misinformation flying around at pace. I’m aware that people’s making things up is not new. But what is new is the influence that troublemakers have. That is obvious in information gathered by the Behavioral Insights Team (BIT). The survey of 2,000 UK adults highlights how confusing the Wild West Web is at present. While 59% of those surveyed by BIT think they can find false information online, only 36% of people were confident that others could find fake news. That’s a problem for two reasons. One is our low confidence in other people’s ability to identify false stories. The other is the gap in insight between our own abilities and those of the public. I doubt that if we measured how well people distinguish disinformation from the truth, it’d be closer to the number of 36% than59%. In short, we tend to think we’re smarter than we are. Don’t believe me? For my first book, YouTubers, I authorized (授权) a survey by YouGov to see how well the public recognized major figures on the platform. The team at YouGov recommended that, I should add someone who didn’t exist among the real names to identify the percentage of people who were lying. A worrying number of people surveyed confidently said they knew the person invented by the team — and knew them well. The BIT recommended governments and social media platforms fight against mis - and disinformation. First among them is to mark false information as soon as it is found, to try and make the public aware before they share. Additionally, platforms should be stricter in how much legal but harmful content they show. Whether any of this will work is tough to say. I’ve been looking at the science alongside studies and surveys like BIT, and every positive intervention (干预) also appears to have its disadvantages. 1．What does “that” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The wild world. B．The false information. C．The impact of misinformation. D．The information gathered by BIT. 2．Why does the author mention the survey conducted by YouGov? A．To raise our awareness of misinformation. B．To show our ability to find misinformation. C．To display our wisdom to know misinformation. D．To show we’re poor in identifying misinformation. 3．What might the author continue talking about? A．The science he will look at. B．The survey BIT will conduct lately. C．The weaknesses of positive intervention. D．His new book about misinformation. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A science magazine. B．A classic novel. C．A guide plan. D．An exam paper. 【江苏·阅读·议论文11】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期中）I am somewhat a hard-working woman and don’t like to fail a test. Thus, you can imagine my horror when a friend and I took an online personality test to determine levels of optimism-and I’m sadder than Eeyore, a pessimistic cartoon figure! I had assumed that, as an optimist like Pooh, another cartoon figure, I saw the best in people, happier than pessimists. There was no reason to suggest this was true, but so deeply did I believe it that I felt ashamed of my test. I tried to justify the result to my friend: it was a bad week; the weather was depressing; I wasn’t a pessimist; I was a realist. My poor pessimistic self kept explaining until my friend put me out of my pain. Pessimism and optimism are just a state of being and we can move between the two. Apparently, there are three things to think about here. First, how personally do you take things? If a friend is in a bad mood, do you assume it is to do with you, or that they’re just a bit upset that day? Optimists favour the latter and know they’re not responsible for everything all around. Second, how pervasive (遍布的) is a feeling for you? If something goes wrong, do you see it as a single incident, or a sign that more bad luck will follow? Eeyores see a missed morning alarm as a dark sign for the entire day. Finally, how permanent do you think a situation is? Poohs believe in the saying, “This too shall pass,” but Beyores believe a bad situation will stay that way forever. I started to see how my current view of the world was making me a pessimist. I know I can take things personally but,when I took the test,I was burnt out at work and feeling like I was letting everyone down. So, how to change? I started small-when I was feeling unhappy in a situation, I’d ask myself, “How would a Pooh see this?” 1 repeated the saying and chose to believe in hope, because that’s what optimists do. 1．What was the author’s response to the test result? A．She took it seriously. B．She treated it as a joke. C．She chose to ignore it. D．She admitted its accuracy. 2．What might be a proper understanding of optimism and pessimism? A．Optimism causes more harm than pessimism. B．Optimism and pessimism are defined by tests. C．Both of them are just a matter of personal choice. D．They are fixed and normally not interchangeable. 3．What might Poohs think after a possible traffic accident? A．It is always others’ fault. B．It is a single incident. C．It is a warning to drive less. D．It is a bad sign of misfortune. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Enjoy Your Moment B．Pooh to Eeyore! C．Believe Until You Make It D．Say No to Personality Tests! 【江苏·阅读·议论文12】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期中）If a patient knew their doctor was going to give them bad information during an upcoming appointment, they’d cancel immediately. Generative AI models such as ChatGPT, however, frequently make stuff up to cheat our eyes. So why would anyone want to use an AI for medical purposes? Here’s the optimistic scenario (设想): not only do AI tools get trained on medical literature, but they also scan patient records and smart watch data. Then, they produce personalized tips to each user, accurate enough to be helpful. The dystopian version: governments, insurance companies, and the medical enterprises push immature AI to cut costs, leaving patients desperate for medical care from clinicians. Right now, it’s easy to imagine things going wrong, especially because AI has already been accused of offering harmful advice online. “ChatGPT and other large language models are very confident, they express themselves clearly, and they’re very often wrong,” says Mark Dredze, a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Still, he is optimistic. ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement (完善) trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely. They could help explain treatments and conditions, such as preventing misunderstandings due to language barriers. In a more promising future, AI systems would combine multiple data sources. Using photos, patient records, information from wearable sensors, and more, they could deliver good care anywhere to anyone. As medical AI develops, the industry must keep growing amounts of patient data secure. But many hospitals already sell sensitive patient data to tech companies. Someone suggests that that information be added to national data sets to improve medical AI models. Additionally, the government could review the accuracy of AI tools used by hospitals and medical groups and cut off valuable funding for substandard software. Doctors shouldn’t just be handed AI tools, either, they should receive extensive training on how to use them. It’s easy to see how Al companies might trick organizations and patients into signing up for services that can’t be trusted. Lawmakers, heal the are providers and tech companies need to move ahead with caution (谨慎). Lives depend on it. 1．What does the underlined word “dystopian” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Uplifting. B．Practical. C．Advanced. D．Discouraging. 2．What might be the current view on AI in medical fields? A．It can provide accurate suggestions. B．AI will adapt and replace doctors. C．Patients are eager for AI treatment. D．There is still a long way for AI to go. 3．According to Mark Dredze, what can AI possibly help do? A．Prevent illnesses. B．Improve communication. C．Assess doctors. D．Check recommendations. 4．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．The development of AI is too fast for human control. B．It is highly irresponsible to introduce AI to medicine. C．Promoting AI-aid medical checkups is as easy as pie. D．The application of AI to medicine is worth joint efforts. 【江苏·阅读·议论文13】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. The thought of living exclusively in a present moment is scary. Scarier still is the thought of an entire generation, not to mention society, operating with a lack of a sense of history. And yet that is exactly the situation in which we find ourselves today. The people and events of history may be rooted in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we teach them—in other words, how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection: Whose stories will we stand up for? What values will we defend? What models will we offer following generations? In an era of environmental change, rising inequality and great shifts in the international political context, we need to understand how our institutions have developed. History gives us power. No other subject helps us to understand so comprehensively what it is to be human. The implications of ignorance of what have happened are incredible, but the ignorance itself isn’t entirely surprising given the lowered status of history in most schools. The discipline of history has become sidelined (边缘化). “History fights for its place in the curriculum with geography,” Dr. Bain observed, “but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really distinct.” In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens: It equips us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to analyze it accurately. Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, engaged citizens need to be culturally literate, critical thinkers. There is no better subject than history to develop an appreciation of context and an ability to look for evidence. We should expect a logical history curriculum for our children. If it were common to hear graduates claim that they’d never learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide, there would be a severe protest. So should there be now. 1．What is the situation the author mentioned in paragraph 1? A．The fear of the past. B．The ignorance of history. C．The exclusion of the present. D．The dissatisfaction of society. 2．What does the author mainly stress in paragraph 2? A．Consequences of overlooking history. B．Significance of mastering all subjects. C．Insights from history for today and tomorrow. D．Resolutions of the current international issues. 3．Which one of the following ideas might Dr. Bain agree with? A．Critical thinking is key to studying history well. B．Schools should enhance the status of history curriculum. C．Ignorance of history is not as terrible as expected in schools. D．Geography proves more meaningful and practical than history. 4．What does the underlined sentence “So should there be now.” mean? A．The historical sense can help us differentiate the news. B．People are dissatisfied with graduates’ ability to calculate. C．We should make history curriculum more logical and critical. D．We should pay the same attention to history as to other subjects. 【江苏·阅读·议论文14】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·期中）Is there anything more boring than the endless drive to make every waking moment more productive? “If I can save ten seconds on a process that happens ten times per day, that’s a minute and 40 seconds saved per day,” a productivity expert recently advised in Time magazine, to take just one example. “Over the course of a year, that’s ten hours saved.” If that sounds exhausting, the good news is that there are many reasons to avoid putting ourselves under this kind of non-stop pressure – not least the latest neuroscience on how the brain regulates focus, as we explore in “Take control of your brain’s master switch to optimize (最优化) how you think”. It has to do with a tiny bundle of blue-tinged neurons in the brainstem called the locus coeruleus. According to new research, this structure acts like a gear lever that sets the pace of our brain’s processing. In Gear 1, the mind can wander freely; in Gear 2, we are highly engaged and attentive; and in Gear 3, we are hyperalert and quick to respond to a crisis. What various experiments have now shown is that moderate locus coeruleus activity – Gear 2— is the optimum state for many types of cognitive activity. It increases our concentration, while also allowing for the kind of thinking necessary for problem-solving. Gear 3 may be useful when we are facing an emergency, but it reduces our capacity to think analytically or creatively. Crucially, it turns out that the locus coeruleus can easily be tipped into Gear 3 whenever we are under pressure. If we are constantly pushing ourselves to achieve more and more in a limited amount of time, we may find ourselves stuck in this overwhelming and exhausting brain state, which will only reduce the quality of our output in the long term. With that in mind, it may, in fact, be foolish to insist on driving the engine of thought at ever greater speeds all the time. What is too often overlooked is the need to give your brain plenty of opportunity to return to a lower gear. For high-quality thinking, contrary to much of the productivity advice, downtime may be just as productive as uptime. 1．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The author is critical of the advice given by productivity experts. B．The author is indifferent to the advice given by productivity experts. C．The author agrees with the productivity experts’ approach to time management. D．The author believes that everyone should follow the advice of productivity experts. 2．What does the underlined phrase “locus coeruleus” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A part of the brain that controls sleep patterns. B．A type of cognitive activity that enhances creativity. C．A method of time management used by productivity experts. D．A small group of neurons in the brainstem that regulate focus. 3．Which gear state of the locus coeruleus is best for cognitive activity? A．Gear 1, where the mind can wander freely. B．Gear 2, where we are highly engaged and attentive. C．Gear 3, where we are hyperalert and quick to respond. D．Any gear state, as they are equally beneficial for cognitive activity. 4．What can be inferred about the author’s view? A．Constant productivity is the key to success. B．Downtime is a waste of time and should be minimized. C．Downtime is as important as uptime for productivity. D．Downtime is a must for those who are not productive. 【江苏·阅读·议论文15】（24-25高二上·江苏常州·阶段练习）The expression “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration (汗水)” is often attributed to Thomas Edison. But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. And as we’re in a service economy now, implementation requires hours and hours not of sweat but of preparation. You must do it all: reading, researching, falling into one rabbit hole after another on the Internet to find the right series of test cases and quotes to make your point, and presenting your idea briefly and clearly.   Preparation is everything! Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. The onboard camera shows the terrain (地形). After the landing, I’m pretty sure one of the scientists exclaims, “Hey, that’s my rock.” In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). His speeches didn’t sound like they were read from a piece of paper; they felt stream of consciousness. In his finest hours he showed the value of preparation. But, you may ask, why put in any extra effort? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams for law and medical school, and even the bar exam. That probably says more about how poor those tests are than about AI’s ability. But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. Study everything, not only the task you’ve been assigned. Dig deep. Come up with ideas and potential solutions. Work on an elevator speech for what excites you. Don’t wing it. Prepare. And trust me, the feeling you get from preparation-induced success is better than anything you can buy at a drugstore. Preparation will make you super great. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The service economy makes ideas worthless. B．Ideas are worthless without preparation and hard work. C．Implementation does not take much time these days. D．Implementation requires more inspiration than preparation. 2．How does the author try to persuade readers to accept his argument? A．By providing research results. B．By sharing his experience. C．By listing examples. D．By referring to experts' words. 3．What point is the author trying to make by mentioning ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT is capable of passing various tests. B．Elevator conversations require high social skills. C．Standard tests do not fully represent one’s abilities. D．Preparation can help you perform better than Al. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How we should make preparation for our future. B．How we can achieve success wth little sweat. C．Why preparation can pave the way to your success. D．Why perspiration still maters in the 21st century. 【江苏·阅读·议论文16】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. But one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not accept the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst- affected are young adults and mothers with small children. The knock-on effects on wellbeing are also better understood. Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. Failure to address the problem, would see the world continuing to splinter until we can no longer stand as a community. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke University in North Carolina, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” “We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.” 1．What does Spike Jonze’s Her focus on? A．Pets well-beings. B．Effects of Loneliness. C．AI’s personalized service. D．Human-machine relationships. 2．Why does the author cite the numbers in paragraph 3? A．To direct people’s attention to loneliness. B．To stress the gravity or loneliness in the world. C．To compare loneliness cases in the UK and USA． D．To clarify people’s misconception about loneliness. 3．What does the underlined word “splinter” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unite. B．Expand. C．Divide. D．Advance. 4．What does Doraiswamy think of turning to Al for company? A．It is highly debatable. B．It is not theoretically based. C．It takes longer time to see its effect. D．It is workable but needs more guidance. 【江苏·阅读·议论文17】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·阶段练习）I have taught medical students for 40 years in many contexts — on hospital rounds, during patient appointments, running small group discussions, and teaching large classes. I have lectured on topics that range from biochemical pathways to lifestyle diseases to nutrition science and the biology of aging. The most pleasing part of teaching is passing along the less visible aspects of being a physician — how to show respect for patients and be a true caregiver. I do this by telling stories about my clinical experience during lectures and the pay-off for me is engagement with students. The pandemic and its consequent shift in how students learn has changed all of that. In my 40 years of teaching, I’ve never seen such a dramatic change. The pandemic forced first- and second-year medical students into virtual classes, causing in-person attendance to dive. As I watched this shift to remote learning, I worried about its impact on future doctors. The engagement I once saw in the classroom is now hidden behind screens, and I find myself wondering if my stories and lessons are having the same impact. The shift to virtual learning also worries me about the future of medical education. The personal nature of medicine, often seen in clinical skills training and up-close body studies, is hard to obtain virtually. I’m also concerned about other crucial aspects of early medical school education that I’ve seen benefit students over the years — things like research opportunities, specialty exploration and volunteer work. These activities are much harder to do remotely. These experiences are vital for developing well-rounded, skilled doctors who can provide thorough treatment. Finally, there is a very real threat to medical education in changing the role of the physician professors. Doctors are unusual among professions in the expectation that they will teach medical students regardless of where and what specific field of medicine they practice. Remove professors’ satisfaction that comes with face-to-face teaching and we risk losing their commitment, much of which is often done on an entirely voluntary basis. 1．What did the author enjoy most in the past 40 years? A．Telling attractive stories. B．Lecturing on many topics. C．Sharing his values and attitude. D．Being experienced and respected. 2．What is important for the future of medical education? A．Appealing nature of medicine. B．Well-rounded clinical trainings. C．Hands-on non-virtual experiences. D．Students’ special personal talents. 3．According to paragraph 5, what worries the author? A．Medical professors might be expected to teach wherever they are. B．Medical professors might not fully devote themselves to teaching. C．Medical professors might lose most of the students’ satisfaction. D．Medical professors might change their role to be student-centered. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The issues with reduced face-to-face lecture attendance. B．The debates over necessity of virtual medical education. C．The problems of medical students, low employment rate. D．The concerns about the shift to virtual medical education. 【江苏·阅读·议论文18】（24-25高三上·江苏徐州·阶段练习）Good children’s literature is a serious business, serious about beauty and wonder, about sadness and difficulty, and about silliness and joy. Good children’s books, from picture books to 500-page novels, can be seriously hard to write. Mark Haddon published 17 books. His wise and beautiful The Sea of Tranquility took two years and 50 drafts, 50,000 words becoming 500. He has written, “If kids like a picture book, they’re going to read it at least 50 times. Read anything that often and even minor imperfections start to feel like gravel (砾石) in the bed.” But there are concerns about a lazy assumption that creating work with children in mind is easier, and that a writer or artist would approach it with a lesser degree of sincerity than when creating for an adult audience. Since the ascendance (优势地位) of JK Rowling and Philip Pullman, children’s books have increasingly been seen as a quick route to intellectual, and social status, treated as just one more element in a celebrity brand. It isn’t to argue against popularity, which is important in its own right. But a varied, good-quality diet is important too. Yet marketing budgets so often go to those who have ready-made fans. State school libraries sometimes rely on donations, which can be mainly concerned with celebrity authors; in supermarkets, up to 40% of a small offering can be by a handful of celebrity authors. The children’s writer Lauren Child argues that these trends risk fundamental losses. “We are like trees, and the things that happen to us when we’re first growing will affect the roots. This applies to nutrition, and to love and affection, but it also applies to the imagination,” she says. Good children’s literature literally impresses upon a growing brain how the world can be. We must take care not to devalue the seriousness of writing for children, because by doing so we risk devaluing and narrowing childhood too. 1．What does the example of Mark Haddon illustrate? A．Drafting a children’s book is very essential. B．Creating good children’s books is demanding. C．He is a world-class writer of children’s books. D．A good children’s book is worth reading often. 2．What’s a trend in children’s books? A．They represent knowledge and wealth. B．Varieties of themes have been created. C．They have seen improvement in quality. D．Celebrity writers dominate the market. 3．What can be inferred from Lauren Child’s words? A．Children’s books often lack variety. B．Children need nutrition and affection. C．Children’s books are vital to their growth. D．Children are often compared to young trees. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Valuing children’s reading B．Return a clean world to children C．Children’s books: Take them seriously D．Children’s books: Make them a top priority 试卷第24页，共24页 试卷第1页，共24页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题12 期终考试押题之阅读理解议论文 解析版 （提分干货+名校模拟） 技能专区：冲刺名师提醒，洞悉高考规律，提供高效提分干货 社会现象类议论文阅读解题技巧 这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。 1、浏览试题，明确要求。 在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。 2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。 在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。 3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。 通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。 4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。 在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。 5、进行合理的推理判断。 对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。 6、认真复读，验证答案。 要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。 阅读理解议论文名师提醒 一、阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 三、形容词适配题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词，确定最佳答案。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 六、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心 【江苏·阅读·议论文01】（24-25高二上·江苏南通·期中）Failure is a big part of everyone’s life. The problem many of us face, however, is that we automatically equate experiencing failure with being a failure. We view it as something to be ashamed of, or embarrassed about, something to be avoided or hidden. In fact, failure gives us an opportunity to learn, adapt and grow. It should be expected on the way to achieving life goals and used as a feedback mechanism (机制) to get it right next time, or the time after. I recently saw a woman who had to give up studying for her university degree. She had bipolar disorder (躁郁症) and was unable to cope with the pressure of studying. She was studying to be a teacher and had hoped to find a teaching job. However, she failed her exams and job interviews, and overall felt like she was failing to achieve anything. One of the things she enjoyed doing was singing in a band. So in order to earn a bit of money, she began giving singing lessons to children in her community. Fast forward 18 months and she now has her own growing business of teaching singing full-time. She hasn’t achieved this goal in the way she imagined, and she wouldn’t have embarked on this path without the setbacks she encountered. What was it about this woman that made her succeed? Yes, failure had a big part to play, but the ability to bounce back and be flexible was an important factor. An important part of developing flexibility is having a supportive network. Having relationships with people who can support us helps us go through tough times. Our attitudes toward ourselves are also crucially important, including a sense that we are in control of our actions, have confidence in what we do, realize our strengths and set ourselves achievable and realistic goals. This is all necessary to flexibility. The secret to flexibility lies in accepting that there are things in life we cannot change. Rather than thinking of ourselves as victims, we need to realize we have the ability to change the way we think, behave and, ultimately, feel. Life may throw manure (粪肥) at us, but we can grow roses with it. 1．What do people usually think of failure? A．Shameful. B．Unavoidable. C．Changeable. D．Rewarding. 2．What do paragraphs 3-4 mainly talk about? A．Ways to achieve our goals in life. B．Reflection on how to avoid failure. C．Reasons why failure can’t be avoided. D．An example of turning failure into a chance. 3．What does the author think contributes to the woman’s success? A．His positive mindset. B．Her ability to adapt. C．Her eagerness to learn. D．Her courage and persistence. 4．What is the key to being flexible, according to the author? A．Ignoring what bothers us. B．Keeping improving our abilities. C．Learning to accept failure. D．Setting goals based on our interests. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章先提出人们对失败的普遍错误看法，接着通过具体事例阐述失败能转化为机会，进而分析促使成功的因素，最后论述了保持灵活性的关键所在。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We view it as something to be ashamed of, or embarrassed about, something to be avoided or hidden. (我们认为它是一件值得羞愧或尴尬的事情，一件应该避免或隐藏的事情)”可知，人们通常认为失败是可耻的，故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“I recently saw a woman who had to give up studying for her university degree. She had bipolar disorder (躁郁症) and was unable to cope with the pressure of studying. She was studying to be a teacher and had hoped to find a teaching job. However, she failed her exams and job interviews, and overall felt like she was failing to achieve anything. (我最近看到一位女士不得不放弃攻读大学学位。她患有躁郁症，无法应对学习的压力。她正在学习成为一名教师，并希望找到一份教学工作。然而，她的考试和工作面试都失败了，总的来说，她觉得自己什么都没取得)”及第四段“One of the things she enjoyed doing was singing in a band. So in order to earn a bit of money, she began giving singing lessons to children in her community. Fast forward 18 months and she now has her own growing business of teaching singing full-time. She hasn’t achieved this goal in the way she imagined, and she wouldn’t have embarked on this path without the setbacks she encountered. (她喜欢做的事情之一是在乐队里唱歌。所以为了赚一点钱，她开始在社区里给孩子们上歌唱课。快进18个月，现在她有了自己不断发展的全职教唱歌的生意。她没有以她想象的方式实现这个目标，而且如果没有遇到那些挫折，她也不会走上这条道路)”可知，这两段主要是通过这位女士的例子来说明将失败转化为机会的情况，故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“What was it about this woman that made her succeed? Yes, failure had a big part to play, but the ability to bounce back and be flexible was an important factor. (这个女人成功的原因是什么？是的，失败起了很大作用，但恢复能力和灵活性也是一个重要因素)”可知，作者认为这位女士成功的重要因素是她能够恢复过来并且具有灵活性，也就是适应的能力，故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The secret to flexibility lies in accepting that there are things in life we cannot change. (灵活性的秘诀在于接受生活中有些事情我们无法改变)”可知，作者认为灵活性的关键在于学会接受生活中我们无法改变的事情，也就是接受失败，故选C项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文02】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Teaching is a caregiving profession. We all have that one teacher who inspired us to aim higher, choose a certain career path, or simply discover our passions. This role comes with not only many satisfactions, but lots of pressure to hold yourselves to a higher standard. The responsibilities of teachers only increased during the pandemic, so teachers had to show compassion for students and parents — often without expecting the same treatment. That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations. However, where does that leave teachers? Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed to make my online classes as enjoyable as possible for my students. Later, it turned out that other teachers were having problems as well. I had zero reasons to feel so isolated in my experience. What I needed was self-compassion. According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.” In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life. Being a teacher comes with so many expectations and responsibilities. In theory, nobody’s perfect, but there’s great pressure to be a good role model, educator, mentor, etc. The inner critic has so much more “material” to work with when you’ re in front of a class. It’s no wonder that in stressful situations, it’s harder to control your self-talk. For example, if you fail to upload a lesson on time, your inner critic will jump at the chance to say, “You’ re so forgetful, and I can’t believe you did this.” It’s no secret that teachers are usually under a lot of stress. A part of the solution can be incorporating self-compassion into teaching, which can not only enhance a satisfactory job but also have a good effect on students. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Teachers’ dedicating themselves to the cause of teaching. B．Teachers’ showing great compassion for themselves. C．Teachers’ suffering from unknown mental pressure. D．Teachers’ failing to learn something in their careers. 2．Which of the following fits with Dr. Kristin Neff’s view on self-compassion? A．Self-compassion is hard for teachers to learn. B．Self-compassion helps teachers understand students well. C．The more self-compassion you have, the more benefits you’ll get. D．The more you understand others, the more self-compassion you’ll have. 3．What can be inferred from the example given in paragraph 3? A．Teachers’ responsibilities matter. B．Teachers have a lot of work pressure. C．Teachers play a big role in students’ life. D．It’s normal for teachers to do wrong things. 4．What is mainly talked about in the text? A．The importance of teachers’ self-compassion. B．The suggestions on raising future generations. C．The necessity of reducing the burden on teachers. D．The approaches to teachers’ growth and development. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了教师自我同情的重要性，指出教育者通常缺乏对自身情感问题的关注，而在疫情期间，教师更需要自我同情来应对压力，同时自我同情也能对教学和学生产生积极影响。 1．词句猜测题。第一段中“That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations.(这就是为什么很容易把老师看作是无私的人，他们为下一代付出了一切)”指出老师是无私的人，他们为下一代付出了一切；根据指代关系和第二段中“However, where does that leave teachers? Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher.(然而，那对教师来说意味着什么？教育者被教导要做很多事情，但他们的教育通常缺乏解决作为教师所面临的情感问题)”可知，尽管教育者为下一代付出了一切，但他们自己却通常缺乏对自身情感问题的关注。由此可推断出，指示代词“that”指代的是上文中“老师们无私地为教学事业奉献一切”的这一行为。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.’ In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.(该领域的主要研究人员克里斯汀·内夫博士说：“自我同情只是向内的同情。”换句话说，就是对自己表现出你通常对学生或生活中其他人表现出的同样的关心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力获得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你)”可知，克里斯汀·内夫博士认为自我同情就是对自己的同情，拥有更多的自我同情可以在生活的各个方面帮助你。由此推知，克里斯汀·内夫博士会赞同“The more self-compassion you have, the more benefits you’ll get.(你拥有的自我同情越多，你得到的益处就越多)”。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Being a teacher comes with so many expectations and responsibilities. In theory, nobody’s perfect, but there’s great pressure to be a good role model, educator, mentor, etc.(作为一名教师，有很多期望和责任。从理论上讲，没有人是完美的，但要成为一个好的榜样、教育者、导师等等，压力是很大的)”和“For example, if you fail to upload a lesson on time, your inner critic will jump at the chance to say, ‘You’ re so forgetful, and I can’t believe you did this.’(例如，如果你没有按时上传课程，你内心的批评者会抓住机会说：‘你太健忘了，我不相信你竟然会这样做。’)”可知，本段通过未能按时上传课程的例子，说明了教师内心的批评者会如何利用这个机会来指责自己，由此可推断出，这个例子表明了教师的工作压力很大。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中“What I needed was self-compassion. According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.’ In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.(我需要的是自我同情。该领域的主要研究人员克里斯汀·内夫博士说：“自我同情只是向内的同情。”换句话说，就是对自己表现出你通常对学生或生活中其他人表现出的同样的关心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力获得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你)”和最后一段“It’s no secret that teachers are usually under a lot of stress. A part of the solution can be incorporating self-compassion into teaching, which can not only enhance a satisfactory job but also have a good effect on students.(众所周知，教师通常承受着很大的压力。解决方案的一部分可以是将自我同情融入教学中，这不仅可以提升工作的满意度，而且对学生也有好处)”可知，文章主要指出教师需要关注自身的情感问题，通过自我同情来应对压力，同时也能对教学产生积极影响，即论述了教师自我同情的重要性。故选A项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文03】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth. Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. For example, ecologists build models to estimate gray wolf abundance in Montana, US. It’s impractical to spot them all and count them. Abundance models are not 100 percent accurate, but they offer estimates that seem good enough to set harvesting quotas (限额) and maintain the ecosystem. Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. For instance, the lives of people living with  illnesses can be improved by research on how to relieve symptoms, even if the true causes of their disorders are largely unknown to current medicine. People often think “real science” should provide definite, complete and perfect answers to their questions. However, given various limitations and the world’s complexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is often the best way for scientists to reach their goals and solve the problems at hand. In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it. The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day. So, real science is a collective, imperfect and may-sided process in which scientists contribute multiple and often partial solutions to complex and diverse problems. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the article? A．By describing a scientific research process. B．By telling a scientist’s personal experience. C．By giving an example of scientific failure. D．By presenting a common misconception. 2．What do paragraphs 2-3 mainly talk about? A．The challenges faced by scientists. B．The history of scientific research. C．The methods scientists use to share results. D．The various focuses of scientists in their research. 3．What is the author’s view on healthy disagreements in science? A．They are essential for scientific progress. B．They create confusion and delay conclusions. C．They indicate problems in scientific methods. D．They often lead to the rejection of old theories. 4．Why does the author mention Jean Baptiste Perrin’s experiments and the subsequent debate ? A．To show science is a collection of facts. B．To prove scientific knowledge is always absolute. C．To illustrate science is a dynamic and evolving process. D．To show scientific conclusion can be reached after discussion. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科学的真实面貌，驳斥了科学浪漫化的刻板印象，并强调科学是一个集体的、不完美的、多面的过程，其中科学家们针对复杂多样的问题提出多种且往往是部分的解决方案。健康的意见分歧是科学进步的重要组成部分，体现了科学的社会性和动态发展特性。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth. (一个穿着实验室大褂的男人在昏暗的灯光下弯着腰，紧盯着显微镜。时间很短，回报很高，只有这位科学家能拯救所有人。这种浪漫化的科学图景在很长一段时间内都是标准的。但事实远非如此。)”可知，作者通过呈现一个常见的误解引入这篇文章的主题。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. (一些科学家寻找一些可观察到的影响的原因，例如森林破坏和地球温度升高之间的联系。其他人可能会调查事情的“是什么”而不是“为什么”。)”、第三段中“Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. (除了“是什么”和“为什么”之外，科学家可能会关注“如何”。)”可知，这两段主要讨论了科学家在研究中的不同关注点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it. (在科学界，健康的分歧是一种特征，而不是缺陷。科学是一个社会过程，在这个过程中，社会的监督确保我们拥有最好的可用知识。“现有的最佳”并不意味着“确定的”，而是在我们找到改进方法之前我们所拥有的最佳。)”可以推断，作者认为健康的意见分歧对于科学进步是必不可少的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day. (原子论的悠久历史表明，科学是一个过程，而不是一成不变的快速交付结果。科学家Jean Baptiste Perrin在1908年进行的实验似乎解决了所有关于原子的讨论，但随着量子物理学的诞生，有关原子性质的问题即将引发数十年的争议。类似的讨论一直持续到今天。)”可以推断，作者提及Jean Baptiste Perrin的实验和随后的争论是为了说明科学是一个动态的、不断发展的过程。故选C。 【江苏·阅读·议论文04】（24-25高三上·江苏镇江·期中）Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. So, offered the chance to be hooked up to the machine for the rest of your life, would you choose the machine or real life? The vast majority of people would choose real life, despite some discomfort, sorrow, and upset. This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. What’s also interesting is that it’s hard to say whether we really are happy or not. A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in retrospect — we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness. When we say we were happy in a relationship, for example, what we often mean is that recalling that relationship gives us happiness now. 1．What is the function of the machine mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Creating desired pleasure. B．Boosting your brain power. C．Detecting the surroundings. D．Helping you identify feelings. 2．Why does the author mention Michelangelo and his creation? A．To prove the impact of creativity. B．To recognize his contribution to art. C．To inspire other artists to work harder. D．To show the importance of emotional contrast. 3．What does the underlined word “retrospect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A review. B．A procedure. C．A condition. D．A scene. 4．What does the author intend to convey in the passage? A．Life highlights hope. B．Life goes beyond happiness. C．Life calls for rapid action. D．Life reflects your thoughts. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了生活中除了追求幸福，还有其他东西。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. (想象一下，科学家发明了一种机器，可以连接到你的大脑，这样它就可以给你任何你想要的愉快体验。这些科学家已经设计好了，这样你就无法区分你自己的愉悦感觉和那些来自机器的愉悦感觉，让你没有意识到你实际上是漂浮在一个装有电极的水箱里。)”可知，本段提到的机器的功能是创造想要的快乐。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. (这个思想实验旨在表明，除了纯粹的快乐之外，还有其他东西赋予我们生活的意义。作为人类，我们需要情感上的对比——黑暗让光明对我们更亮。)”和第四段中“Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. (米开朗基罗在画西斯廷教堂时开心吗？没有人真正知道，但他可能有时很沮丧并生气，也很无聊、孤独和疲惫。他可能因为长时间抬头画画而脖子疼。但他这么做并不是为了感到快乐。这给了他强烈的目标感、意义感和成就感。当然，这就是驱动我们前进的核心动力。)”可知，作者先说明作为人类，我们需要情感上的对比——黑暗让光明对我们更亮，然后提到米开朗基罗和他的创作，是为了显示情感对比的重要性。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in (一位精神病学教授说，幸福往往是在……中体验到的)”和后句“we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness (我们回顾生活中的一段时间、一件事或一个时刻，并带着幸福回忆起来。)”可知幸福是从回顾中体验到的，从而推知划线部分retrospect意思是“回顾”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. (你幸福吗？我真正想到的是，生活不仅仅是追求幸福。)”可知，作者想在文章中表达的是生活不仅仅是幸福。故选B项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文05】（24-25高二上·江苏常州·期中）I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This theory helps explain the springing up of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high performance. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business: politics, the army and even the Roman Empire. And it has been much apparent before and during the Olympics, which end in Paris on August 11th. Executives (主管) attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires 100% commitment and hard work. Sporting excellence rests on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the platform in Paris are competitive and resilient (适应力强). It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are cliché (老生常谈), many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting events have clear standards for winning or losing; most jobs lack this. A four-year Olympic cycle building to a match that may last only seconds has few similar examples in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are blessed not just with determination but also natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to discover such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose talents will vary and whose jobs will not depend as heavily on genetics (遗传). “As soon as I saw that kid log on, I knew he was special.” are words you do not often hear. Whether similarities or differences, these are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple recipe for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster or jump higher than anyone else. They want to hear stories that can have no practical value back in the office. If they can pretend it’s good for their career, so much the better. 1．Why does the author mention the theory in Paragraph 1? A．To prove a point. B．To lead in the topic. C．To present a fact. D．To explain a concept. 2．Why do CEOs turn to Olympians? A．To seek business partners. B．To get the secrets to success. C．To prove the truth of a theory. D．To expand their social circle. 3．What is the author’s attitude to learning from Olympians? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．What can Olympians teach CEOs? B．How do CEOs differ from Olympians? C．What is the recipe for business success? D．Why are Olympians more successful than CEOs? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章就奥运获奖运动员的故事是否能促使我们在工作场上成功提出了讨论。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This theory helps explain the springing up of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high performance. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business: politics, the army and even the Roman Empire. And it has been much apparent before and during the Olympics, which end in Paris on August 11th. (我想成功。那个人是成功的。这样那个人就可以教我如何成功。这一理论有助于解释播客、书籍和演讲的兴起，它们致力于高绩效的秘密。这就是为什么高管领导力课程借鉴了商业以外的案例研究的原因之一：政治、军队甚至罗马帝国。在8月11日于巴黎结束的奥运会之前和期间，这一点非常明显。)”以及下文可知，文章第一段提到理论是为了引出话题，即运用奥运赛场上获奖运动员案例是否可以帮助我们成功。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. (高管们参加奥运会选手描述他们成功原因的活动。CEO们能从世界上最好的运动员身上学到什么？事实上，有一些线索将体育成功和商业成功联系起来。)”可知，CEO们向奥运选手寻求成功的秘诀。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“They want a simple recipe for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster or jump higher than anyone else. They want to hear stories that can have no practical value back in the office. If they can pretend it’s good for their career, so much the better. (他们想要一个简单的成功秘诀。他们想听听比其他人跑得更快或跳得更高是什么感觉。他们希望在办公室里听到没有实际价值的故事。如果他们能假装这对他们的职业生涯有好处，那就更好了。)”以及上文可知，作者对向奥运选手学习的态度是质疑的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. (高管们参加奥运会选手描述他们成功原因的活动。CEO们能从世界上最好的运动员身上学到什么？事实上，有一些线索将体育成功和商业成功联系起来。)”、第三段“If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are cliché, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. (如果说体育运动和职场之间的一些相似之处是老生常谈的话，那么它们之间的许多差异就太大了，以致于事无补。)”以及上下文可知，文章就奥运上获奖运动员的故事是否能促使我们在工作场上成功提出了讨论。所以A项What can Olympians teach CEOs? (奥运选手能教CEO什么？)符合文意。故选A项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文06】（24-25高三上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“口音和方言”这一主题，阐述对口音和方言的狭隘观念需要被超越，并强调语言差异对于了解人们文化经历和背景的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.(当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。)”可知，作者认为朋友们的回答并没有理解他提到的“口音”的真正含义，即口音是每个人都有的，而不是只有非标准语言使用者才有。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is wellformed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different?(每个人也都说一种方言。在语言研究领域，方言是一种语言变体，以其结构、短语和词汇的变化为特征。例如，“You got eat or not？”（意思是“你吃饭了吗？”）在新加坡英语口语中是一个可接受且能被理解的问题。这个表达会让标准美式英语的说话者感到困惑，但这并不意味着新加坡英语口语是“错误的”或“不符合语法的”。根据新加坡英语母语者坚实的语法体系，这个句子结构完整，表达清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就说是错误的呢？)”可知，作者举了新加坡英语口语的例子是为了证明方言使用的合理性，因为方言只是语言的一种变体，有其独特的结构和表达方式，不能仅因为其不同于标准语言就认为是错误的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.(我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念——这对每个人都有好处。这样的语言差异提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。在全球化的时代，一个人的说话方式是其身份的独特组成部分。大多数人都很乐意谈论自己言语背后的文化。我们将更多地了解我们所生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友”。)”可知，作者建议我们要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念，欣赏口音和方言的价值，因为它们提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.(当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。)”引出本文主题，即每个人都有口音，文章接着详细论述了口音和方言的多样性、存在的合理性以及欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选D。 【江苏·阅读·议论文07】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·阶段练习）The idea of a four­day workweek sounds appealing: Work efficiently over a shorter period of time and then enjoy the benefits of three­day weekends. Generally, employees are paid the same amount as they are when working longer hours. In the process, workers could find work­life balance and personal growth. Facing the high­rate career mobility of their staff, some employers are willing to try this new idea too, as they seek to improve employee retention. But how it is carried out matters. Best cases: Shorter workweeks boost productivity and reduce burnout. Worst cases: Workers who struggle to complete their tasks within limited hours may face overwhelming pressure to accomplish them even faster. 4 Day Week Global, a non­profit organization that conducts trials with academics and promotes shorter workweeks, recently released new findings from a year­long research period with companies that volunteered to participate. After six months of aiming to work 32 hours a week, participants reported an overall boost in well­being and job satisfaction, which remained higher than baseline levels(基准水平) another six months later. Companies and workers included in the report rated the trials positively and indicated their desire to continue four­day workweeks. A four­day workweek can lead to improvements only if it is carried out properly. For those workers required to shoulder an unmanageable workload to begin with, trying to complete work in fewer hours could lead to burnout. How workers spend their off­hours matters too. If an employee spends Friday relaxing at the park or enjoying time with family, it’s easy to see how they would come back refreshed and energetic on Monday. But if a worker spends Friday answering emails from clients who are not on a reduced schedule, that may not be the case. While there are numerous factors to be taken into account, in recent years, companies and governments around the world have been considering the idea of reducing working hours while maintaining pay, especially in white­collar industries with standard 40­hour workweeks. 1．What does the underlined word “retention” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Well­being. B．Salary. C．Longer stays. D．Useful skills. 2．Who is more likely to agree with the idea of a four­day workweek? A．Those who are burdened with more work. B．Those who can work with great efficiency. C．Those who seek for more money and pleasure. D．Those who have a high level of job satisfaction. 3．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 5? A．A happy weekend can help boost work efficiency. B．Some workers are occupied even during weekends. C．A three­day weekend will lead to a tighter schedule. D．All workers can embrace a new weekday energetically. 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Entertainment. B．Education. C．Politics. D．Society. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论四天工作周的想法。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词句“Facing the high­rate career mobility of their staff, some employers are willing to try this new idea too, as they seek to improve employee retention. (面对员工的高职业流动性，一些雇主也愿意尝试这个新想法，因为他们希望提高员工的retention。)”可知，员工流动性很高，所以雇主愿意尝试四天工作周，缩短工作时间来提高员工的保留率。从而推知划线部分意思是“更长时间的停留”。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Best cases: Shorter workweeks boost productivity and reduce burnout. Worst cases: Workers who struggle to complete their tasks within limited hours may face overwhelming pressure to accomplish them even faster.(最佳案例：缩短工作时间可以提高工作效率，减少疲劳。最糟糕的情况是：那些努力在有限的时间内完成任务的员工可能会面临巨大的压力，要求他们更快地完成任务。)”可知，工作效率高的人可能会同意四天工作周的想法。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“If an employee spends Friday relaxing at the park or enjoying time with family, it’s easy to see how they would come back refreshed and energetic on Monday. But if a worker spends Friday answering emails from clients who are not on a reduced schedule, that may not be the case. (如果一名员工周五在公园放松或与家人共度时光，很容易看到他们周一回来时精神焕发、精力充沛。但如果一名员工在周五回复客户发来的邮件，而这些客户的日程并没有减少，那么情况可能就不一样了。)”可知，本段想要表达愉快的周末有助于提高工作效率。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The idea of a four­day workweek sounds appealing: Work efficiently over a shorter period of time and then enjoy the benefits of three­day weekends. (四天工作周的想法听起来很吸引人：在较短的时间内高效地工作，然后享受三天周末的好处。)”可知，本文主要讨论四天工作周的想法。工作时长的问题属于社会问题，所以这篇文章可以出现在报纸的社会版面。故选D项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文08】（24-25高二上·江苏宿迁·期中）The Chinese delegation’s excellent performance in Paris has carried forward the spirit of Chinese sports, as well as the Olympic spirit. In the quarterfinal match of the men’s table tennis at the 2024 Paris Olympics, Fan Zhendong delivered a dramatic performance that captivated fans worldwide. The match started with Fan Zhendong falling behind 0-2. Zhangbenzhihe capitalized on his aggressive play and precision, almost no mistakes. Then, Fan adjusted tactics quickly, leveling the score at 2-2. This comeback was testament to Fan’s resilience and adaptability. Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3. Fan Zhendong turned the tide and fought until the last ball, ultimately winning 4-3 against the Japanese player Zhangbenzhihe, advancing to the semifinal. This remarkable victory highlighted the sportsmanship of our players. The spirit of sports teaches us that the journey is often more important than the destination. It’s about pushing our limits, testing our endurance, and overcoming obstacles. Whether we’re running the last mile of a marathon, fighting for the final point in a tennis match, or defending our goal in a soccer game, the essence of sports lies in our refusal to surrender. When we face setbacks, it’s easy to feel disheartened. But it’s in these moments that the spirit of sports shines the brightest. It reminds us to dust ourselves off, to stand up taller, and to keep moving forward. Every athlete, at some point, has faced the temptation to quit, but it’s the ones who persevere that write the history of sports. The spirit of sports is not just about winning. It’s about the lessons we learn on the field, the character we build through adversity, and the bonds we forge with our teammates. It’s about the countless hours of practice, the sacrifices we make, and the dreams we chase. It’s about never ever giving up, no matter how to ugh the challenge may be. So, let’s cheer louder, run faster, and reach higher, for in the heart of every athlete, the flame of determination burns eternal-never ever give up. 1．What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A．The Chinese delegation excels at self-discipline. B．The Chinese delegation cares a lot about the medals. C．The Chinese delegation breathes life into the Olympics. D．The Chinese delegation highlights sports spirit in the Olympics. 2．What was the fourth score Fan Zhendong against Zhangbenzhihe? A．4 to 3 B．2 to 2 C．3 to 3 D．2 to 3 3．What can we learn from Fan zheng dong? A．Luck plays a crucial role in winning. B．Opponents are not important in a game. C．Talent is more important than hard work. D．Perseverance and skills contribute to success. 4．What is the essence of sports according to last three paragraphs? A．Never letting go. B．Embracing the victory. C．Throwing in the towel. D．Having a strong constitution. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述中国乒乓球队员樊振东在2024年巴黎奥运会男子乒乓球四分之一决赛中逆转获胜的精彩表现，阐述了体育精神的内涵，强调体育精神在于永不放弃、不断突破自我等。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Chinese delegation’s excellent performance in Paris has carried forward the spirit of Chinese sports, as well as the Olympic spirit.(中国代表团在巴黎的出色表现弘扬了中国体育精神以及奥林匹克精神)”可知，第一段意在告诉我们中国代表团在奥运会上彰显了体育精神。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3(就在樊振东似乎要掌控这场比赛的时候，张本智和再次领先，比分变为 2-3。经过激烈的战斗，樊振东坚定不移的精神促使他再次将比分扳平为 3-3)”可知，樊振东与张本智和比赛时的第四个比分是 3-3。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The match started with Fan Zhendong falling behind 0-2. Zhangbenzhihe capitalized on his aggressive play and precision, almost no mistakes. Then, Fan adjusted tactics quickly, leveling the score at 2-2. This comeback was testament to Fan’s resilience and adaptability. Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3. Fan Zhendong turned the tide and fought until the last ball, ultimately winning 4-3 against the Japanese player Zhangbenzhihe, advancing to the semifinal. This remarkable victory highlighted the sportsmanship of our players(比赛开始时，樊振东以0-2落后。张本智和凭借其激进的打法和精准度，几乎没有失误。随后，樊振东迅速调整战术，将比分追平至2-2。这一逆转充分证明了樊振东的韧性和适应能力。就在樊振东似乎要掌控比赛局面时，张本智和再次领先，比分变为2-3。经过激烈的争夺，樊振东凭借不屈的精神再次将比分扳平至3-3。最终，樊振东扭转局势，战斗到最后一刻，以4-3战胜日本选手张本智和，晋级半决赛。这场非凡的胜利彰显了我们运动员的运动精神)”可知文中描述樊振东在比赛开始 0-2 落后的情况下，迅速调整战术，多次扳平比分，最终以 4-3 逆转获胜，樊振东凭借坚持不懈的毅力以及自身的技能最终获得了成功，所以我们能从他身上学到坚持不懈和技能都有助于成功。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The spirit of sports teaches us that the journey is often more important than the destination. It’s about pushing our limits, testing our endurance, and overcoming obstacles (体育精神告诉我们，过程往往比结果更重要。它关乎突破我们的极限，考验我们的耐力，克服障碍)”、倒数第二段“When we face setbacks, it’s easy to feel disheartened. But it’s in these moments that the spirit of sports shines the brightest. It reminds us to dust ourselves off, to stand up taller, and to keep moving forward. Every athlete, at some point, has faced the temptation to quit, but it’s the ones who persevere that write the history of sports(当我们遇到挫折时，很容易感到沮丧。但正是在这些时刻，体育精神最为闪耀。它提醒我们拍拍身上的尘土，站得更高，继续前进。每位运动员在某个时刻都曾面临过放弃的诱惑，但正是那些坚持不懈的人书写了体育的历史)”以及最后一段“The spirit of sports is not just about winning. It’s about the lessons we learn on the field, the character we build through adversity, and the bonds we forge with our teammates. It’s about the countless hours of practice, the sacrifices we make, and the dreams we chase. It’s about never ever giving up, no matter how to ugh the challenge may be(运动精神不仅仅是关于胜利。它关乎我们在赛场上学到的教训，通过逆境建立的品格，以及与队友们结成的纽带。它关乎无数小时的训练，我们所做的牺牲，以及我们追逐的梦想。它是关于无论挑战多么艰难，永不放弃)”可知，体育过程往往比结果更重要，运动精神不仅仅是关于胜利。它关乎我们在赛场上学到的教训，通过逆境建立的品格，以及与队友们结成的纽带。它关乎无数小时的训练，我们所做的牺牲，以及我们追逐的梦想，可推理出体育的本质是永不放弃。故选A项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文09】（24-25高二上·江苏连云港·期中）There are over 1.3 billion people living with disabilities worldwide, representing about 16 percent of the global population, according to the UN. Despite their numbers, this group is often ignored in society. This is where the Paralympic Games (残奥会) step in — to provide a platform for people’ s support. The Paralympics is not a secondary version of the Olympics but an equal celebration of athletic excellence. Yet, despite its significance, the Paralympics struggle for media attention and audience engagement. Many media organizations, focused on making money, often choose to replay the Olympic broadcasts rather than cover the Paralympic events live. This oversight contributes to a lack of public awareness and understanding of the athletes’ training and achievements. The importance of the Paralympics extends beyond the sports field. For the over 1.3 billion people with disabilities globally, the Paralympics is a vital reminder of the need for recognition and inclusion. The Paralympics have indeed showed this powerful change. Besides, the impact of the Paralympics should not be limited to the event itself.A broader social change is needed to address the challenges faced by people with disabilities daily. This means recognizing people with disabilities not as objects of pity, but as individuals with the same right to participate fully in society. The Paralympics show the Olympic spirit. Through their influence, they challenge us to expand our understanding of beauty, ability, and inclusion. Yet, the Paralympics alone cannot achieve the social change badly needed. It is up to us to see beyond disabilities and recognize the full humanity（人性） of people with disabilities. When the society can understand and include them, the Paralympics will have completed their greatest task: Creating a world where everyone is valued and respected. May the flame of the Paralympics not only light up the stadiums but also fire up global awareness, empathy, and action toward making the world a more inclusive place for everyone. 1．What’s the current situation about the disabled? A．They are treated equally. B．They are frequently neglected. C．People solve the problems timely. D．People show too much pity on them. 2．What does the underlined word “oversight” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ignorance. B．Judgement. C．Appeal. D．Challenge. 3．Why is it necessary to host the Paralympic Games? A．To encourage people to exercise. B．To attract people to watch the games. C．To voice people’s opinion on life value. D．To make the disabled valued and respected. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Paralympics benefit the world. B．The Paralympics mean more beyond sports. C．The disabled share the same right in events. D．The disabled fulfil their dreams by working hard. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了残奥会对于残疾人群体以及社会的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Despite their numbers, this group is often ignored in society.(尽管他们数量众多，但这个群体在社会中往往被忽视。)”可知，残疾人群体在社会中往往被忽视。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“Many media organizations, focused on making money, often choose to replay the Olympic broadcasts rather than cover the Paralympic events live.(许多媒体组织为了赚钱，往往选择重播奥运会广播，而不是现场报道残奥会赛事。)”可知，媒体没有给予足够的关注和报道，由此可知，这种疏忽导致公众对运动员的训练和成就缺乏了解和认识。因此，overnight意为“忽视”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When the society can understand and include them, the Paralympics will have completed their greatest task: Creating a world where everyone is valued and respected.(当社会能够理解并包容他们时，残奥会就完成了它最伟大的任务：创造一个每个人都受到重视和尊重的世界。)”可知，残奥会的目标是创造一个每个人都受到重视和尊重的世界，这实际上是在表达人们对生命价值的看法和态度。因此，举办残奥会是为了传达人们对生命价值的看法和态度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The importance of the Paralympics extends beyond the sports field.(残奥会的重要性远远超出了体育领域。)”可知，文章主要探讨了残奥会对于残疾人群体以及社会的重要性，强调了残奥会不仅是一个体育盛事，更是一个推动社会包容和尊重每个人的平台。因此，选项B“残奥会的意义远超体育”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故选B。 【江苏·阅读·议论文10】（24-25高二上·江苏连云港·期中）It’s a wild world out there online, with dis-and misinformation flying around at pace. I’m aware that people’s making things up is not new. But what is new is the influence that troublemakers have. That is obvious in information gathered by the Behavioral Insights Team (BIT). The survey of 2,000 UK adults highlights how confusing the Wild West Web is at present. While 59% of those surveyed by BIT think they can find false information online, only 36% of people were confident that others could find fake news. That’s a problem for two reasons. One is our low confidence in other people’s ability to identify false stories. The other is the gap in insight between our own abilities and those of the public. I doubt that if we measured how well people distinguish disinformation from the truth, it’d be closer to the number of 36% than59%. In short, we tend to think we’re smarter than we are. Don’t believe me? For my first book, YouTubers, I authorized (授权) a survey by YouGov to see how well the public recognized major figures on the platform. The team at YouGov recommended that, I should add someone who didn’t exist among the real names to identify the percentage of people who were lying. A worrying number of people surveyed confidently said they knew the person invented by the team — and knew them well. The BIT recommended governments and social media platforms fight against mis - and disinformation. First among them is to mark false information as soon as it is found, to try and make the public aware before they share. Additionally, platforms should be stricter in how much legal but harmful content they show. Whether any of this will work is tough to say. I’ve been looking at the science alongside studies and surveys like BIT, and every positive intervention (干预) also appears to have its disadvantages. 1．What does “that” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The wild world. B．The false information. C．The impact of misinformation. D．The information gathered by BIT. 2．Why does the author mention the survey conducted by YouGov? A．To raise our awareness of misinformation. B．To show our ability to find misinformation. C．To display our wisdom to know misinformation. D．To show we’re poor in identifying misinformation. 3．What might the author continue talking about? A．The science he will look at. B．The survey BIT will conduct lately. C．The weaknesses of positive intervention. D．His new book about misinformation. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A science magazine. B．A classic novel. C．A guide plan. D．An exam paper. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了网络世界中虚假信息的泛滥以及人们对此的识别能力。 1．词句猜测题。根据上文“It’s a wild world out there  online, with dis-and misinformation flying around at pace. I’m aware  that people’s making things up is not new. But what is new is the  influence that troublemakers have.(这是一个疯狂的网络世界，虚假和错误的信息飞快地飞来飞去。我知道人们编造故事并不是什么新鲜事。但什么是新是麻烦制造者的影响)”可知，这里的“that”指代的是前文提到的捣乱者（即传播虚假信息的人）所产生的影响，即虚假信息的影响。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A worrying number of people surveyed confidently said they knew the person invented by the team — and knew them well.(令人担忧的是，相当数量的被调查者自信地表示他们认识这个团队虚构的人，并且很了解他们)”可知，作者提到YouGov的调查是为了展示我们在识别虚假信息方面的不足。这个调查结果显示，很多人无法识别出虚构的人物，反而自信地表示认识并了解他们。由此推知，我们在识别虚假信息方面的能力很差。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I’ve been looking at the science alongside studies and surveys like BIT, and every positive intervention also appears to have its disadvantages.(我一直在研究像BIT这样的科学研究和调查，而且每一种积极的干预措施似乎都有其不利之处)”可知，作者提到每一种积极的干预措施都有其不利之处。由此推知，接下来很可能会继续讨论这些不利之处，即积极干预的弱点。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章主要讨论了网络世界中虚假信息的泛滥以及人们对此的识别能力。由此可知，文章讨论了与科技和社会紧密相关的虚假信息问题，这类话题通常出现在科学杂志或相关领域的出版物中。故选A。 【江苏·阅读·议论文11】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期中）I am somewhat a hard-working woman and don’t like to fail a test. Thus, you can imagine my horror when a friend and I took an online personality test to determine levels of optimism-and I’m sadder than Eeyore, a pessimistic cartoon figure! I had assumed that, as an optimist like Pooh, another cartoon figure, I saw the best in people, happier than pessimists. There was no reason to suggest this was true, but so deeply did I believe it that I felt ashamed of my test. I tried to justify the result to my friend: it was a bad week; the weather was depressing; I wasn’t a pessimist; I was a realist. My poor pessimistic self kept explaining until my friend put me out of my pain. Pessimism and optimism are just a state of being and we can move between the two. Apparently, there are three things to think about here. First, how personally do you take things? If a friend is in a bad mood, do you assume it is to do with you, or that they’re just a bit upset that day? Optimists favour the latter and know they’re not responsible for everything all around. Second, how pervasive (遍布的) is a feeling for you? If something goes wrong, do you see it as a single incident, or a sign that more bad luck will follow? Eeyores see a missed morning alarm as a dark sign for the entire day. Finally, how permanent do you think a situation is? Poohs believe in the saying, “This too shall pass,” but Beyores believe a bad situation will stay that way forever. I started to see how my current view of the world was making me a pessimist. I know I can take things personally but,when I took the test,I was burnt out at work and feeling like I was letting everyone down. So, how to change? I started small-when I was feeling unhappy in a situation, I’d ask myself, “How would a Pooh see this?” 1 repeated the saying and chose to believe in hope, because that’s what optimists do. 1．What was the author’s response to the test result? A．She took it seriously. B．She treated it as a joke. C．She chose to ignore it. D．She admitted its accuracy. 2．What might be a proper understanding of optimism and pessimism? A．Optimism causes more harm than pessimism. B．Optimism and pessimism are defined by tests. C．Both of them are just a matter of personal choice. D．They are fixed and normally not interchangeable. 3．What might Poohs think after a possible traffic accident? A．It is always others’ fault. B．It is a single incident. C．It is a warning to drive less. D．It is a bad sign of misfortune. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Enjoy Your Moment B．Pooh to Eeyore! C．Believe Until You Make It D．Say No to Personality Tests! 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作者参加在线性格测试的经历，引出关于乐观与悲观态度的讨论，并深入分析了影响个人乐观或悲观倾向的三个因素。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I had assumed that, as an optimist like Pooh, another cartoon figure, I saw the best in people, happier than pessimists. There was no reason to suggest this was true, but so deeply did I believe it that I felt ashamed of my test. I tried to justify the result to my friend: it was a bad week; the weather was depressing; I wasn’t a pessimist; I was a realist.(我一直以为自己像另一个卡通人物小熊维尼一样是个乐观主义者，我总是看到人们最好的一面，比悲观主义者更快乐。虽然没有任何理由表明这是真的，但我深信不疑，以至于对自己的测试结果感到羞愧。我试图向朋友解释这个结果：这一周过得太糟糕了；天气令人沮丧；我不是个悲观主义者；我是个现实主义者。)”可知，作者对自己的测试结果感到羞愧，并试图向朋友解释这个结果，这表明她认真对待了这个测试结果。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“My poor pessimistic self kept explaining until my friend put me out of my pain. Pessimism and optimism are just a state of being and we can move between the two.(我那可怜的悲观自我一直在解释，直到朋友让我摆脱了痛苦。悲观和乐观只是一种存在状态，我们可以在两者之间转换。)”可知，人们可以在不同情况下根据自己的认知和情绪反应，在乐观和悲观之间做出选择或转换。因此，这是一种个人选择。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I had assumed that, as an optimist like Pooh, another cartoon figure, I saw the best in people, happier than pessimists.(我一直以为自己像另一个卡通人物小熊维尼一样是个乐观主义者，我总是看到人们最好的一面，比悲观主义者更快乐。)”可知，作者认为小熊维尼是个乐观主义者。再根据文章第三段“If a friend is in a bad mood, do you assume it is to do with you, or that they’re just a bit upset that day? Optimists favour the latter and know they’re not responsible for everything all around. Second, how pervasive(遍布的)is a feeling for you? If something goes wrong, do you see it as a single incident, or a sign that more bad luck will follow? Eeyores see a missed morning alarm as a dark sign for the entire day. Finally, how permanent do you think a situation is? Poohs believe in the saying, “This too shall pass,” but Beyores believe a bad situation will stay that way forever.(如果朋友心情不好，你会认为这与你有关，还是只是他们那天有点沮丧？乐观主义者倾向于后者，并且知道他们不可能为周围的一切负责。其次，你对一种感觉有多大的普遍性认知？如果出了什么问题，你是把它看作一个单独的事件，还是认为它预示着更多的不幸将会接踵而至？Eeyores会把错过早上的闹钟看作是一整天的不祥之兆。最后，你认为一种情况会持续多久？小熊维尼相信“这一切都会过去的”这句话，但Eeyores却认为糟糕的情况会永远持续下去。)”可推测，乐观主义者倾向于将坏事视为单独的事件，而不是一连串不幸的开始。因此，小熊维尼在可能的交通事故后可能会认为“它是一个单独的事件”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过作者参加在线性格测试，引出对乐观（以小熊维尼为代表）与悲观（以Eeyore为代表）态度的讨论。文章强调，乐观和悲观并非固定不变，而是可以在个人努力和意识转变下发生变化的。选项B“Pooh to Eeyore!”直接引用了文章中的两个角色，小熊维尼（乐观的代表）和Eeyore（悲观的代表），通过“到”这个词暗示了从悲观向乐观的转变，与文章主旨相符。故选B。 【江苏·阅读·议论文12】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期中）If a patient knew their doctor was going to give them bad information during an upcoming appointment, they’d cancel immediately. Generative AI models such as ChatGPT, however, frequently make stuff up to cheat our eyes. So why would anyone want to use an AI for medical purposes? Here’s the optimistic scenario (设想): not only do AI tools get trained on medical literature, but they also scan patient records and smart watch data. Then, they produce personalized tips to each user, accurate enough to be helpful. The dystopian version: governments, insurance companies, and the medical enterprises push immature AI to cut costs, leaving patients desperate for medical care from clinicians. Right now, it’s easy to imagine things going wrong, especially because AI has already been accused of offering harmful advice online. “ChatGPT and other large language models are very confident, they express themselves clearly, and they’re very often wrong,” says Mark Dredze, a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Still, he is optimistic. ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement (完善) trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely. They could help explain treatments and conditions, such as preventing misunderstandings due to language barriers. In a more promising future, AI systems would combine multiple data sources. Using photos, patient records, information from wearable sensors, and more, they could deliver good care anywhere to anyone. As medical AI develops, the industry must keep growing amounts of patient data secure. But many hospitals already sell sensitive patient data to tech companies. Someone suggests that that information be added to national data sets to improve medical AI models. Additionally, the government could review the accuracy of AI tools used by hospitals and medical groups and cut off valuable funding for substandard software. Doctors shouldn’t just be handed AI tools, either, they should receive extensive training on how to use them. It’s easy to see how Al companies might trick organizations and patients into signing up for services that can’t be trusted. Lawmakers, heal the are providers and tech companies need to move ahead with caution (谨慎). Lives depend on it. 1．What does the underlined word “dystopian” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Uplifting. B．Practical. C．Advanced. D．Discouraging. 2．What might be the current view on AI in medical fields? A．It can provide accurate suggestions. B．AI will adapt and replace doctors. C．Patients are eager for AI treatment. D．There is still a long way for AI to go. 3．According to Mark Dredze, what can AI possibly help do? A．Prevent illnesses. B．Improve communication. C．Assess doctors. D．Check recommendations. 4．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．The development of AI is too fast for human control. B．It is highly irresponsible to introduce AI to medicine. C．Promoting AI-aid medical checkups is as easy as pie. D．The application of AI to medicine is worth joint efforts. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“为什么还会有人想在医疗领域使用AI”这一主题展开，通过提出乐观和悲观的设想、引用专家观点、分析医疗AI发展面临的挑战以及提出解决方案等方式，对医疗AI的利弊进行了深入分析和讨论。 1．词义猜测题。根据上文“Here’s the optimistic scenario (设想): not only do AI tools get trained on medical literature, but they also scan patient records and smart watch data.(这里有一种乐观的设想：AI工具不仅接受过医学文献的训练，还能扫描病人记录和智能手表数据。)”以及划线单词所在句“The dystopian version: governments, insurance companies, and the medical enterprises push immature AI to cut costs, leaving patients desperate for medical care from clinicians.(而……版本的设想是：政府、保险公司和医疗企业推动使用不成熟的人工智能来降低成本，导致病人无法得到临床医生提供的医疗护理，陷入绝望。)”可推测，划线单词的意思应该与“令人沮丧的”意思相近。选项D“discouraging”，意为“令人沮丧的”与此相符。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““ChatGPT and other large language models are very confident, they express themselves clearly, and they’re very often wrong,” says Mark Dredze, a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Still, he is optimistic. ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement(完善)trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely.(“ChatGPT和其他大型语言模型非常自信，表达清晰，但它们经常出错，”约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的教授Mark Dredze说。尽管如此，他仍持乐观态度。他的最新研究发现，ChatGPT已经能够提供与医生在网上提供的建议相当的建议。未来的生成式模型可能会辅助医生就诊，而不是完全取代咨询。)”可知，ChatGPT提供的建议与医生在线提供的建议相当，而未来的生成式模型可能会辅助医生就诊，而不是完全取代咨询。这也说明AI目前还不能完全替代医生。由此可知，AI还有很长的路要走。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement(完善)trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely. They could help explain treatments and conditions, such as preventing misunderstandings due to language barriers.(他的最新研究发现，ChatGPT已经能够提供与医生在网上提供的建议相当的建议。未来的生成式模型可能会辅助医生就诊，而不是完全取代咨询。它们可以帮助解释治疗方案和病情，比如避免因语言障碍而产生的误解。)”可知，AI可以辅助解释医疗信息和状况，有助于改善医生和患者之间的沟通。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章第二段描述了AI在医学领域可能存在的两个极端情况，即理想情况下AI可以为患者提供个性化的、足够准确的建议，而不好的情况下AI可能被不成熟地应用，给患者带来问题。第三段引用了Mark Dredze的话，提到AI可能有助于改善沟通，减少误解。第四段则提到随着医疗AI的发展，需要确保患者数据的安全，同时提出了一些措施，如将患者信息添加到国家数据集、政府审查AI工具的准确性、医生接受培训等。最后一段提到AI公司可能会欺骗组织和患者，因此立法者、医疗保健提供者和科技公司需要谨慎行事。因此，可以推断出作者认为将AI应用于医学是值得共同努力的，但需要谨慎行事并采取措施确保安全和准确性。故选D。 【江苏·阅读·议论文13】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. The thought of living exclusively in a present moment is scary. Scarier still is the thought of an entire generation, not to mention society, operating with a lack of a sense of history. And yet that is exactly the situation in which we find ourselves today. The people and events of history may be rooted in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we teach them—in other words, how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection: Whose stories will we stand up for? What values will we defend? What models will we offer following generations? In an era of environmental change, rising inequality and great shifts in the international political context, we need to understand how our institutions have developed. History gives us power. No other subject helps us to understand so comprehensively what it is to be human. The implications of ignorance of what have happened are incredible, but the ignorance itself isn’t entirely surprising given the lowered status of history in most schools. The discipline of history has become sidelined (边缘化). “History fights for its place in the curriculum with geography,” Dr. Bain observed, “but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really distinct.” In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens: It equips us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to analyze it accurately. Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, engaged citizens need to be culturally literate, critical thinkers. There is no better subject than history to develop an appreciation of context and an ability to look for evidence. We should expect a logical history curriculum for our children. If it were common to hear graduates claim that they’d never learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide, there would be a severe protest. So should there be now. 1．What is the situation the author mentioned in paragraph 1? A．The fear of the past. B．The ignorance of history. C．The exclusion of the present. D．The dissatisfaction of society. 2．What does the author mainly stress in paragraph 2? A．Consequences of overlooking history. B．Significance of mastering all subjects. C．Insights from history for today and tomorrow. D．Resolutions of the current international issues. 3．Which one of the following ideas might Dr. Bain agree with? A．Critical thinking is key to studying history well. B．Schools should enhance the status of history curriculum. C．Ignorance of history is not as terrible as expected in schools. D．Geography proves more meaningful and practical than history. 4．What does the underlined sentence “So should there be now.” mean? A．The historical sense can help us differentiate the news. B．People are dissatisfied with graduates’ ability to calculate. C．We should make history curriculum more logical and critical. D．We should pay the same attention to history as to other subjects. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。讨论了在现代社会发展中，培养历史感的重要性，以及历史教育的重要意义。文章呼吁将历史教育纳入更加合理的课程体系中，历史感的建立有助于培养学生的批判性思维以及理解世界的能力。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. The thought of living exclusively in a present moment is scary. Scarier still is the thought of an entire generation, not to mention society, operating with a lack of a sense of history. (想象一个没有历史感的人是可怕的。只活在当下的想法是可怕的。更可怕的是，整整一代人，更不用说整个社会，在缺乏历史感的情况下运作。)”可知，作者在第一段提到了人们对历史的无知。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The people and events of history may be rooted in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we teach them—in other words, how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection (历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情，我们如何写它们，以及我们如何教授它们——换句话说，我们如何将历史作为人类经历的记录来实践——告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么。另一方面，把自己想象成一本尚未书写的历史书中的一个章节，可能会迫使我们进行更深层次的自我反思)”以及“In an era of environmental change, rising inequality and great shifts in the international political context, we need to understand how our institutions have developed. History gives us power. No other subject helps us to understand so comprehensively what it is to be human. (在一个环境变化、不平等加剧、国际政治环境发生巨大变化的时代，我们需要了解我们的制度是如何发展起来的。历史赋予我们力量。没有其他学科能如此全面地帮助我们理解什么是人类。)”可知，作者在第二段主要强调了历史对今天和明天的洞见。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The discipline of history has become sidelined (边缘化). “History fights for its place in the curriculum with geography,” Dr. Bain observed, “but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really distinct.” In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens: It equips us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to analyze it accurately.(历史学科已经靠边站了。“历史与地理在课程中争夺自己的位置，”贝恩博士说，“但它对时间、地点和背景的关注使它真正与众不同。”换句话说，历史不仅仅告诉我们如何成为好公民：它还让我们具备了清晰理解世界所需的知识，以及准确分析世界的能力)”可知，历史是如此的重要，学校应该提高历史课程的地位。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“There is no better subject than history to develop an appreciation of context and an ability to look for evidence. We should expect a logical history curriculum for our children. If it were common to hear graduates claim that they’d never learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide, there would be a severe protest. (没有比历史更适合培养对背景的鉴赏能力和寻找证据的能力了。我们应该为我们的孩子准备一个合乎逻辑的历史课程。如果经常听到毕业生声称他们从未学过加减乘除，那一定会引起强烈的抗议)”可知，没有比历史更适合培养对背景的鉴赏能力和寻找证据的能力了，我们应该重视历史学科，应该和数学等其它学科一样对待。划线处和D项：We should pay the same attention to history as to other subjects.(我们对待历史应该像对待其他学科一样重视)合乎题意。故选D。 【江苏·阅读·议论文14】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·期中）Is there anything more boring than the endless drive to make every waking moment more productive? “If I can save ten seconds on a process that happens ten times per day, that’s a minute and 40 seconds saved per day,” a productivity expert recently advised in Time magazine, to take just one example. “Over the course of a year, that’s ten hours saved.” If that sounds exhausting, the good news is that there are many reasons to avoid putting ourselves under this kind of non-stop pressure – not least the latest neuroscience on how the brain regulates focus, as we explore in “Take control of your brain’s master switch to optimize (最优化) how you think”. It has to do with a tiny bundle of blue-tinged neurons in the brainstem called the locus coeruleus. According to new research, this structure acts like a gear lever that sets the pace of our brain’s processing. In Gear 1, the mind can wander freely; in Gear 2, we are highly engaged and attentive; and in Gear 3, we are hyperalert and quick to respond to a crisis. What various experiments have now shown is that moderate locus coeruleus activity – Gear 2— is the optimum state for many types of cognitive activity. It increases our concentration, while also allowing for the kind of thinking necessary for problem-solving. Gear 3 may be useful when we are facing an emergency, but it reduces our capacity to think analytically or creatively. Crucially, it turns out that the locus coeruleus can easily be tipped into Gear 3 whenever we are under pressure. If we are constantly pushing ourselves to achieve more and more in a limited amount of time, we may find ourselves stuck in this overwhelming and exhausting brain state, which will only reduce the quality of our output in the long term. With that in mind, it may, in fact, be foolish to insist on driving the engine of thought at ever greater speeds all the time. What is too often overlooked is the need to give your brain plenty of opportunity to return to a lower gear. For high-quality thinking, contrary to much of the productivity advice, downtime may be just as productive as uptime. 1．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The author is critical of the advice given by productivity experts. B．The author is indifferent to the advice given by productivity experts. C．The author agrees with the productivity experts’ approach to time management. D．The author believes that everyone should follow the advice of productivity experts. 2．What does the underlined phrase “locus coeruleus” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A part of the brain that controls sleep patterns. B．A type of cognitive activity that enhances creativity. C．A method of time management used by productivity experts. D．A small group of neurons in the brainstem that regulate focus. 3．Which gear state of the locus coeruleus is best for cognitive activity? A．Gear 1, where the mind can wander freely. B．Gear 2, where we are highly engaged and attentive. C．Gear 3, where we are hyperalert and quick to respond. D．Any gear state, as they are equally beneficial for cognitive activity. 4．What can be inferred about the author’s view? A．Constant productivity is the key to success. B．Downtime is a waste of time and should be minimized. C．Downtime is as important as uptime for productivity. D．Downtime is a must for those who are not productive. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了坚持以更高的速度驱动思维引擎可能是愚蠢的，停机时间与正常运行时间对生产力同样重要。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“If that sounds exhausting, the good news is that there are many reasons to avoid putting ourselves under this kind of non-stop pressure — not least the latest neuroscience on how the brain regulates focus, as we explore in “Take control of your brain’s master switch to optimize (最优化) how you think”. (如果这听起来很累，好消息是，有很多原因可以避免让自己处于这种不停的压力之下——尤其是最新的神经科学关于大脑如何调节注意力的研究，正如我们在“控制大脑的主开关以优化你的思考方式”中所探讨的那样)”可知，第二段的主要讲述了作者对生产力专家的建议持批评态度。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It has to do with a tiny bundle of blue-tinged neurons in the brainstem called the locus coeruleus. According to new research, this structure acts like a gear lever that sets the pace of our brain’s processing. In Gear 1, the mind can wander freely; in Gear 2, we are highly engaged and attentive; and in Gear 3, we are hyperalert and quick to respond to a crisis. (这与脑干中一小束蓝色神经元有关，称为locus coeruleus。根据新的研究，这种结构就像一个变速杆，可以设定我们大脑处理的速度。在1挡中，心灵可以自由漫步；在2挡中，我们非常投入和专注；在3挡中，我们高度警觉，对危机反应迅速)”可知，locus coeruleus是脑干中一小束蓝色神经元，可以调节注意力。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“What various experiments have now shown is that moderate locus coeruleus activity – Gear 2— is the optimum state for many types of cognitive activity. It increases our concentration, while also allowing for the kind of thinking necessary for problem-solving. (现在各种实验表明，适度的蓝斑活动——2挡——是许多类型认知活动的最佳状态。它增加了我们的注意力，同时也允许我们进行解决问题所需的思考)”可知，2挡状态对认知活动最好，因为那个状态让我们高度投入和专注。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What is too often overlooked is the need to give your brain plenty of opportunity to return to a lower gear. For high-quality thinking, contrary to much of the productivity advice, downtime may be just as productive as uptime. (经常被忽视的是，需要给你的大脑足够的机会回到较低的档位。对于高质量的思考，与大多数生产力建议相反，停机时间可能和正常运行时间一样富有成效)”可推知，作者认为停机时间与正常运行时间对生产力同样重要。故选C。 【江苏·阅读·议论文15】（24-25高二上·江苏常州·阶段练习）The expression “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration (汗水)” is often attributed to Thomas Edison. But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. And as we’re in a service economy now, implementation requires hours and hours not of sweat but of preparation. You must do it all: reading, researching, falling into one rabbit hole after another on the Internet to find the right series of test cases and quotes to make your point, and presenting your idea briefly and clearly.   Preparation is everything! Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. The onboard camera shows the terrain (地形). After the landing, I’m pretty sure one of the scientists exclaims, “Hey, that’s my rock.” In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). His speeches didn’t sound like they were read from a piece of paper; they felt stream of consciousness. In his finest hours he showed the value of preparation. But, you may ask, why put in any extra effort? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams for law and medical school, and even the bar exam. That probably says more about how poor those tests are than about AI’s ability. But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. Study everything, not only the task you’ve been assigned. Dig deep. Come up with ideas and potential solutions. Work on an elevator speech for what excites you. Don’t wing it. Prepare. And trust me, the feeling you get from preparation-induced success is better than anything you can buy at a drugstore. Preparation will make you super great. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The service economy makes ideas worthless. B．Ideas are worthless without preparation and hard work. C．Implementation does not take much time these days. D．Implementation requires more inspiration than preparation. 2．How does the author try to persuade readers to accept his argument? A．By providing research results. B．By sharing his experience. C．By listing examples. D．By referring to experts' words. 3．What point is the author trying to make by mentioning ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT is capable of passing various tests. B．Elevator conversations require high social skills. C．Standard tests do not fully represent one’s abilities. D．Preparation can help you perform better than Al. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How we should make preparation for our future. B．How we can achieve success wth little sweat. C．Why preparation can pave the way to your success. D．Why perspiration still maters in the 21st century. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过对比和举例，阐述了准备在成功中的重要性，并鼓励人们要全面、深入地准备，以应对各种挑战和机遇。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. And as we’re in a service economy now, implementation requires hours and hours not of sweat but of preparation. You must do it all: reading, researching, falling into one rabbit hole after another on the Internet to find the right series of test cases and quotes to make your point, and presenting your idea briefly and clearly.(确实，如今想法的传播速度比以往任何时候都要快，但大多数想法都毫无价值，因为没有人愿意下苦功去实现它们。而且，由于我们现在处于服务经济时代，实现想法需要的不是数小时的汗水，而是数小时的准备。你必须做所有的事情：阅读、研究，在互联网上一个接一个地陷入“兔子洞”，以找到恰当的测试用例和引用来支持你的观点，并且简洁明了地阐述你的想法)”可推知，没有准备和努力的想法是无价值的。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars.(观看2021年毅力号火星车在火星表面着陆的精彩视频)”和第三段中的“In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain.(在任务准备过程中，整个着陆区都被数字化了。规划者知道每一块岩石的位置和地形的倾角)”以及第四段中的“Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的).(丘吉尔以熟记演讲而闻名，并在浴缸里反复练习演讲。其中一些是为了克服他的口吃，但主要是为了让语气恰到好处。没有什么是即兴的)”可推知，作者在文章中通过列举多个例子来支持他的观点，如Perseverance火星探测器着陆前的详尽准备，以及丘吉尔对演讲的精心准备等。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“But, you may ask, why put in any extra effort? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams for law and medical school, and even the bar exam. That probably says more about how poor those tests are than about AI’s ability. But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha.(但是，你可能会问，为什么要付出额外的努力呢？ChatGPT可以通过大学先修课程考试，法学院和医学院的入学考试，甚至律师考试。这可能更多地说明了这些测试有多糟糕，而不是人工智能的能力。但是，尽管人工智能几乎可以回答你提出的任何问题，但当你的老板在电梯里问你对奥马哈的新产品创意或销售前景的看法时，它却毫无价值)”可知，在实际的工作场景中，如电梯里老板询问你对新产品想法或销售前景的看法时，AI是无能为力的。这实际上是在突出准备和人的能力的重要性，即准备可以让你在需要时表现得比AI更好。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.”(但随着我们进入21世纪，我认为我们应该更新这句话：“成功是1%的灵感和99%的准备。”)”以及最后一段中的“The only answer comes from that 99% preparation.(唯一的答案来自99%的准备)”和“Preparation will make you super great.(准备会让你变得超级棒)”可知，作者认为成功不仅仅是靠灵感，更重要的是准备，整篇文章主要围绕“准备”这一主题展开，通过多个例子和论述来强调准备对于成功的重要性。故选C项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文16】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. But one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not accept the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst- affected are young adults and mothers with small children. The knock-on effects on wellbeing are also better understood. Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. Failure to address the problem, would see the world continuing to splinter until we can no longer stand as a community. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke University in North Carolina, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” “We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.” 1．What does Spike Jonze’s Her focus on? A．Pets well-beings. B．Effects of Loneliness. C．AI’s personalized service. D．Human-machine relationships. 2．Why does the author cite the numbers in paragraph 3? A．To direct people’s attention to loneliness. B．To stress the gravity or loneliness in the world. C．To compare loneliness cases in the UK and USA． D．To clarify people’s misconception about loneliness. 3．What does the underlined word “splinter” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unite. B．Expand. C．Divide. D．Advance. 4．What does Doraiswamy think of turning to Al for company? A．It is highly debatable. B．It is not theoretically based. C．It takes longer time to see its effect. D．It is workable but needs more guidance. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能与人类关系的话题，通过引用电影《她》的情节引出话题，并介绍了专家对于人工智能在缓解人类孤独感方面所起作用的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. (好莱坞可能已经在斯派克·琼斯的最新电影《她》中警告过与人工智能建立关系的风险。故事设定在不远的未来，讲述了Twombly发现自己爱上了一个通过女性声音拟人化的人工智能虚拟助手的故事)”可知，Spike Jonze的电影《她》关注的是人与机器之间的关系。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst-affected are young adults and mothers with small children. (近年来，孤独问题的程度已经变得清晰。在英国，已知有超过79%，即近400万人经历着长期的孤独，这意味着他们经常或总是感到孤独。根据哈佛大学2021年的一项研究，超过三分之一的美国人感到严重的孤独，其中受影响最严重的是年轻人和有小孩的母亲)”可知，作者在第三段中引用数字是为了强调世界上孤独问题的严重性。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. (孤独与更多的心脏病、痴呆、中风、抑郁、焦虑和早逝有关，对死亡率的影响相当于每天吸多达15支烟)”可知，孤独会导致死亡。结合画线词所在句中“Failure to address the problem (未能解决这个问题)”和“until we can no longer stand as a community.(直到我们无法再作为一个社区而存在)”可推知，如不解决孤独问题，死亡问题将导致世界继续分裂，直到我们无法再作为一个社区存在。故画线词意思是“分裂”，与divide意思相近。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Doraiswamy的话“Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.(目前，所有的证据都表明，有一个亲密的人类朋友是解决孤独问题的最好办法。但在社会把社交联系放在首位之前，机器人是数百万没有朋友的人的解决方案)”和“We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.(我们需要小心制定规则，确保它们是道德的、值得信赖的，并且隐私得到保护)”可知，Doraiswamy认为转向人工智能作为陪伴是可行的，但需要更多的指导来确保其道德、可信赖以及隐私保护。故选D项。 【江苏·阅读·议论文17】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·阶段练习）I have taught medical students for 40 years in many contexts — on hospital rounds, during patient appointments, running small group discussions, and teaching large classes. I have lectured on topics that range from biochemical pathways to lifestyle diseases to nutrition science and the biology of aging. The most pleasing part of teaching is passing along the less visible aspects of being a physician — how to show respect for patients and be a true caregiver. I do this by telling stories about my clinical experience during lectures and the pay-off for me is engagement with students. The pandemic and its consequent shift in how students learn has changed all of that. In my 40 years of teaching, I’ve never seen such a dramatic change. The pandemic forced first- and second-year medical students into virtual classes, causing in-person attendance to dive. As I watched this shift to remote learning, I worried about its impact on future doctors. The engagement I once saw in the classroom is now hidden behind screens, and I find myself wondering if my stories and lessons are having the same impact. The shift to virtual learning also worries me about the future of medical education. The personal nature of medicine, often seen in clinical skills training and up-close body studies, is hard to obtain virtually. I’m also concerned about other crucial aspects of early medical school education that I’ve seen benefit students over the years — things like research opportunities, specialty exploration and volunteer work. These activities are much harder to do remotely. These experiences are vital for developing well-rounded, skilled doctors who can provide thorough treatment. Finally, there is a very real threat to medical education in changing the role of the physician professors. Doctors are unusual among professions in the expectation that they will teach medical students regardless of where and what specific field of medicine they practice. Remove professors’ satisfaction that comes with face-to-face teaching and we risk losing their commitment, much of which is often done on an entirely voluntary basis. 1．What did the author enjoy most in the past 40 years? A．Telling attractive stories. B．Lecturing on many topics. C．Sharing his values and attitude. D．Being experienced and respected. 2．What is important for the future of medical education? A．Appealing nature of medicine. B．Well-rounded clinical trainings. C．Hands-on non-virtual experiences. D．Students’ special personal talents. 3．According to paragraph 5, what worries the author? A．Medical professors might be expected to teach wherever they are. B．Medical professors might not fully devote themselves to teaching. C．Medical professors might lose most of the students’ satisfaction. D．Medical professors might change their role to be student-centered. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The issues with reduced face-to-face lecture attendance. B．The debates over necessity of virtual medical education. C．The problems of medical students, low employment rate. D．The concerns about the shift to virtual medical education. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这篇文章属于议论文。文章主要讨论了作者作为医学教授在40年教学生涯中遇到的由于疫情导致的医学教育方式转变，以及这种转变对医学教育和学生未来可能产生的影响。作者通过列举自己的教学经历和对疫情下医学教育变化的观察，表达了对医学教育未来发展的担忧，并提出了相关问题，如远程学习对学生学习效果的影响、医学教育个人性质的缺失以及对医学教授角色的潜在威胁等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The most pleasing part of teaching is passing along the less visible aspects of being a physician — how to show respect for patients and be a true caregiver. I do this by telling stories about my clinical experience during lectures and the pay-off for me is engagement with students. (教学中最令我满意的部分是传授那些不太显眼的医生特质——如何尊重患者并成为一名真正的护理者。我通过在课堂上讲述我的临床经验来做到这一点，而对我来说，最大的回报就是与学生的互动。)”可知，在过去的40年里，作者最喜欢分享他的价值观和态度。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The personal nature of medicine, often seen in clinical skills training and up-close body studies, is hard to obtain virtually. I’m also concerned about other crucial aspects of early medical school education that I’ve seen benefit students over the years — things like research opportunities, specialty exploration and volunteer work. These activities are much harder to do remotely. These experiences are vital for developing well-rounded, skilled doctors who can provide thorough treatment. (医学的个人化特性，通常体现在临床技能训练和近距离人体研究中，很难通过虚拟方式获得。我还担心其他对早期医学院教育至关重要的方面，这些方面多年来一直对学生有益——例如研究机会、专业探索和志愿工作。这些活动远程进行的难度很大。这些经历对于培养全面、技能娴熟的医生，能够提供全面治疗，是至关重要的。)”可知，作者认为医学教育中实际操作的非虚拟体验非常重要，这些体验对于培养全面发展的医生至关重要。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“Remove professors’ satisfaction that comes with face-to-face teaching and we risk losing their commitment, much of which is often done on an entirely voluntary basis. (如果剥夺了教授们面对面授课所带来的满足感，我们可能会失去他们的奉献精神，而这种奉献精神往往完全是自愿的。)”可知，作者担心的是教授们可能不会全身心投入教学。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“The pandemic and its consequent shift in how students learn has changed all of that. (疫情及其导致的学生学习方式的转变改变了这一切。)”可知，文章整体讨论了由于疫情导致的医学教育转向虚拟教学所带来的各种问题，包括学生参与度下降、实际操作经验难以获得、教授们的教学热情可能受影响等。因此，文章的主要思想是对转向虚拟医学教育的担忧。故选D。 【江苏·阅读·议论文18】（24-25高三上·江苏徐州·阶段练习）Good children’s literature is a serious business, serious about beauty and wonder, about sadness and difficulty, and about silliness and joy. Good children’s books, from picture books to 500-page novels, can be seriously hard to write. Mark Haddon published 17 books. His wise and beautiful The Sea of Tranquility took two years and 50 drafts, 50,000 words becoming 500. He has written, “If kids like a picture book, they’re going to read it at least 50 times. Read anything that often and even minor imperfections start to feel like gravel (砾石) in the bed.” But there are concerns about a lazy assumption that creating work with children in mind is easier, and that a writer or artist would approach it with a lesser degree of sincerity than when creating for an adult audience. Since the ascendance (优势地位) of JK Rowling and Philip Pullman, children’s books have increasingly been seen as a quick route to intellectual, and social status, treated as just one more element in a celebrity brand. It isn’t to argue against popularity, which is important in its own right. But a varied, good-quality diet is important too. Yet marketing budgets so often go to those who have ready-made fans. State school libraries sometimes rely on donations, which can be mainly concerned with celebrity authors; in supermarkets, up to 40% of a small offering can be by a handful of celebrity authors. The children’s writer Lauren Child argues that these trends risk fundamental losses. “We are like trees, and the things that happen to us when we’re first growing will affect the roots. This applies to nutrition, and to love and affection, but it also applies to the imagination,” she says. Good children’s literature literally impresses upon a growing brain how the world can be. We must take care not to devalue the seriousness of writing for children, because by doing so we risk devaluing and narrowing childhood too. 1．What does the example of Mark Haddon illustrate? A．Drafting a children’s book is very essential. B．Creating good children’s books is demanding. C．He is a world-class writer of children’s books. D．A good children’s book is worth reading often. 2．What’s a trend in children’s books? A．They represent knowledge and wealth. B．Varieties of themes have been created. C．They have seen improvement in quality. D．Celebrity writers dominate the market. 3．What can be inferred from Lauren Child’s words? A．Children’s books often lack variety. B．Children need nutrition and affection. C．Children’s books are vital to their growth. D．Children are often compared to young trees. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Valuing children’s reading B．Return a clean world to children C．Children’s books: Take them seriously D．Children’s books: Make them a top priority 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文强调了优质儿童文学的价值及其创作难度，并指出当前市场中名人作家主导的现象可能影响儿童书籍的整体质量，呼吁重视儿童书籍创作的严谨性和其对孩子成长的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Good children’s books, from picture books to 500-page novels, can be seriously hard to write.(好的儿童读物，从图画书到500页的小说，都很难写)”可知创作好的儿童读物是很难的，随后作者举了Mark Haddon的例子，提到“His wise and beautiful The Sea of Tranquility took two years and 50 drafts, 50,000 words becoming 500.(他那本智慧而美丽的《宁静之海》花了两年时间和50次草稿，50,000字缩减为500字)”，是想用Mark Haddon的例子说明创作优秀的儿童书籍是一个非常严格且要求高的过程。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Since the ascendance (优势地位) of JK Rowling and Philip Pullman, children’s books have increasingly been seen as a quick route to intellectual, and social status, treated as just one more element in a celebrity brand.(自从JK罗琳和菲利普·普尔曼占据优势地位以来，儿童读物越来越被视为通往知识和社会地位的捷径，被视为名人品牌的又一个元素)以及第五段中的“State school libraries sometimes rely on donations, which can be mainly concerned with celebrity authors; in supermarkets, up to 40% of a small offering can be by a handful of celebrity authors.(公立学校的图书馆有时依赖捐赠，这主要关注名人作家；在超市里，一小部分书中有高达40%可能是由少数几个名人作家写的)”可知，名人作家主导市场的趋势是现在儿童读物的趋势。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中Lauren Child的话“We are like trees, and the things that happen to us when we’re first growing will affect the roots. This applies to nutrition, and to love and affection, but it also applies to the imagination,(我们就像树木，当我们刚开始生长时发生在我们身上的事情会影响我们的根部。这适用于营养，也适用于爱和情感，但也适用于想象力)”以及最后一段的“Good children’s literature literally impresses upon a growing brain how the world can be.(好的儿童文学确实会给成长中的大脑留下世界是怎样的印象)”可知，作为儿童作家，Lauren Child认为儿童书籍对于孩子们的成长至关重要。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Good children’s literature literally impresses upon a growing brain how the world can be. We must take care not to devalue the seriousness of writing for children, because by doing so we risk devaluing and narrowing childhood too.(优秀的儿童文学作品给正在成长的大脑留下的印象是世界是怎样的。我们必须注意不要贬低为儿童写作的严肃性，因为这样做我们也有贬低和缩小童年的风险)”并结合全文内容，文章强调了优秀儿童文学的重要性以及当前市场存在的问题，呼吁人们认真对待儿童书籍的创作。C项“儿童书籍：认真对待它们”符合题意。故选C项。 试卷第42页，共42页 试卷第1页，共43页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$