专题11 期终考试押题之阅读理解说明文（提分干货+名校模拟）-2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)

专题11 期终考试押题之阅读理解说明文 原卷版 （提分干货+名校模拟） 技能专区：冲刺名师提醒，洞悉高考规律，提供高效提分干货 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点 文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构 特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。 事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 3. 设题特点 就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点 科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：What does the underlined word/phrase…in paragraph…mean/refer to? 二、说明方法 1. 罗列法（listing） 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。 2. 举例法（examples） 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。 3. 比较法（comparison and contrast） 比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。 4. 定义法（definition） 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. 5. 顺序法（sequence of time，space and process） 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 6. 分类法（classification） 分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。 Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously，and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books… 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心 【江苏·阅读·说明文01】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Babies playfully tease others as young as eight months of age. Since language is not required for this behavior, similar kinds of playful teasing might be present in non-human animals. Now, a new study led by Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior has documented playful teasing in five species of great apes. “Great apes are excellent candidates for playful teasing, as they are closely related to us, engage in social play, show laughter and display relatively sophisticated understandings of others’ expectations,” Laumer says. Laumer and her colleagues collected videos of five species of great apes: bonobos, Sumatran orangutans, western and eastern gorillas and chimpanzees. There were a total of 34 apes, all housed in zoos. After examining 75 hours of videos, the team documented 504 social interactions between individuals. Of those, 142 were classified as examples of playful teasing, consisting of 18 behaviors, including poking (戳), hitting, pulling on hair and stealing. The researchers found that the teaser tended to look at their target’s face straight after an action, which suggests that a response was expected. If there wasn’t any reaction, the teaser would usually escalate the teasing, for example by poking their targets even more. And this behavior typically happened in a calm, comfortable setting, which can signify that it was playful, instead of being aggressive. “And much like play in general, it is also helpful in building relationships between members of a group and even testing out social boundaries,” the researchers add. But the researchers noted that it differed from humans’ play in several ways. “Playful teasing in great apes is one-sided, very much coming from the teaser often throughout the entire interaction,” explains Laumer. “The animals also rarely use play signals like the primate ‘playface’, which is similar to what we would call a smile, or ‘hold’ gestures that signal their intent to play.” “Studying great apes is critical to understanding which features of human cognition and behaviour are shared and likely evolved millions of years ago in a common ancestor,” says Christopher Krupenye at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. “This study provides exciting evidence that all apes seem to engage in playful teasing behaviour and also charts a path for future research in other species.” 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．What great apes convey through joyful teasing. B．Why the researchers chose great apes as subjects. C．What inspired the researchers to conduct the study. D．Why playful teasing can be independent of language. 2．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “escalate” in paragraph 4? A．avoid B．increase C．enjoy D．stop 3．What do we know about playful teasing among apes from the study? A．It is an effective way to build trust. B．It bears a strong similarity to our joking. C．It often results in fierce fight between them. D．It is of great help to their social interactions. 4．What is Christopher Krupenye’s attitude towards the study? A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful. 【江苏·阅读·说明文02】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Apple announced four new iPhone 16 models during a launch event September 9 from its headquarters in Cupertino, California. It said the new models are equipped with special chips to support the increased power needed for AI operations. Apple says the AI built into the devices is part of its newly developed Apple Intelligence technology. The company describes the technology as a “personal intelligence system” designed to help users “communicate, work, and express” themselves. The new AI tools, or features, are designed to improve on past ones, including the company’s 13-year-old Siri digital assistant. Company officials say they aim to get Siri to better understand requests and actions of the user. One new feature of iPhone 16 models lets users search for pictures in their images collection by describing what an image looks like. AI tools can also help users create personal emojis and can organize and provide brief descriptions of emails. Other AI features include improved camera and video production functions. The new iPhone models are also equipped with a new button that reacts to clicks and hand movements to make it easier and faster to set up shots, capture images and start video recording. Apple’s push to include AI tools in its new devices is partly seen as a reaction to moves by competitors like Samsung and Google. Both of those companies have already offered users powerful new AI tools in their latest smartphone models. In addition to the new AI features offered, Apple has also teamed up with ChatGPT developer OpenAI to give users the chance to use that company’s technology for more complex operations. In June, Apple announced it was working with OpenAI to create a series of AI tools for iPhones and other personal devices. Besides announcing the new AI-equipped devices, Apple also introduced new models of its Apple Watch and AirPods headphones. The Apple Watch Series 10 has a larger and brighter display that aims to improve views from any position. The changes to Apple Watch also include additional health features, such as a sleep monitor tool that aims to identify the disorder sleep apnea (睡眠呼吸暂停症). 1．Why do the new models have special chips? A．To enhance iPhone’s market competitiveness. B．To ensure the speed of mobile Internet access. C．To make it easier to take pictures with iPhones. D．To support the higher power required for AI operations. 2．What is a new feature of iPhone 16 models? A．Siri digital assistant is replaced. B．A new button is added to create emojis. C．AI tools help organize users’ emails by date. D．Users can find pictures through descriptions. 3．What can we say about Apple’s new devices? A．They’re more complex than Google’s. B．They’re unsuccessful compared to Samsung. C．They’re very competitive cooperating with OpenAI. D．They’re gradually being replaced by other companies’ products. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．The price of Apple 16. B．The changes of AirPods headphones. C．The advantages of AI tools. D．The reason for the disorder sleep apnea. 【江苏·阅读·说明文03】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）When scientists look for an earthquake’s cause, their search often starts underground. As centuries of earthquake researches have made clear, it’s the crash of makeup plates and the movement of underground faults and cracks that mainly lead to an earthquake. But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. In a study appearing recently in Science Advances, the researchers report that happenings of heavy snowfall and rain likely led to a series of earthquakes over the past several years in northern Japan. The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. “We see that snowfall and other environmental loading at the surface affect the stress state underground, and the timing of heavy rainfall events is well-connected with the start of this earthquake crowds,” says study author William Frank, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “So, climate obviously has an effect on the response of the solid earth, and part of that response is earthquakes.” The new study focuses on a series of ongoing earthquakes in Japan’s Noto Peninsula. The team discovered that earthquake activity in the area is surprisingly in step with certain changes in underground pressure, and that those changes are influenced by seasonal patterns of snowfall and rainfall. The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. Looking to the future, they predict that the climate’s influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. “If we’re going into a climate that’s changing, with more extreme rainfall events, and we expect a redistribution of water in the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, that will change how the Earth’s crust (地壳) is loaded,” Frank adds. “That will have an effect for sure, and it’s a link we could further explore.” 1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1? A．Introduce the main topic. B．Describe a scientific experiment. C．Present different opinions on earthquakes. D．Explain the causes of earthquakes in detail. 2．What is the finding of the study? A．Heavy rainfall indicates big earthquakes. B．Global warming will lead to more snowfall. C．There will be more and more earthquakes in the future. D．Certain weather events may contribute to some earthquakes. 3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The research results will be applied immediately. B．The influence of climate on earthquakes will decrease. C．There will be no earthquakes caused by underground faults. D．More research on the climate-earthquake link will be conducted. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret of Earthquakes B．How to Predict Earthquakes C．Climate and Earthquakes: A New Link D．The Effects of Global Warming on Earthquakes 【江苏·阅读·说明文04】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Home to reefs, sharks and various fish, the Coral Sea is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region will become the world’s largest marine protected area, with bans on fishing, mining and marine farming. The Coral Sea reserve will cover almost 990, 000 square kilometers and stretch as far as 1, 100 kilometers from the coast. Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia’s coast. But the plan attracts criticism from scientısts and conservation groups claiming the government hasn’t done enough in protecting the Coral Sea. They even point out only half of the Coral Sea reserved is proposed as a “no take” area, in which all fishing would be banned. But the world’s largest existing marine reserve, established by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 554, 000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. Some people argue more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection. The Australian government didn’t respond to the criticism. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve does “broadly protect the range of habitats” in the sea. “I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organizations have made to understand the ecological values of this vast area.” he says. Reserves proposed earlier for Australia’s southwestern coastal regions have also been criticized for not giving habitats adequate protection. Some scientists pointed out the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the “core science principles” of reserves — the protected regions were not representative of all the habitats in the region, they said. Critics say the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a controversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan. 1．What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea? A．It remains largely undisturbed by humans. B．It is extremely rich in marine life. C．It is the biggest marine protected area. D．It is a unique reserve of endangered species. 2．What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke? A．Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast. B．Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea. C．Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms. D．Upgrade the established reserves to protect marine life. 3．What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan? A．It can compare with the British government’s effort in the Indian Ocean. B．It will result in the establishment of the world’s largest marine reserve. C．It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast. D．It is an enormous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats. 4．What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan? A．It will benefit Australia’s fishing industry. B．It will do more harm than good to the environment. C．It will offer the greatest protection that is very necessary. D．It will protect regions that actually require little protection. 【江苏·阅读·说明文05】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored. Dr Katy Tam at the University of Toronto Scarborough said boredom was closely linked to attention. “We feel bored when there’s a gap between how engaged we are and how engaged we want to be,” she said. “When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.” The results appear to chime with other studies: as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse. Writing in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Tam and colleagues report how they carried out seven experiments involving a total of more than 1,200 participants. The first, involving 140 participants, revealed that people tended to switch between videos more when they rated the content more boring, while the second-an online survey involving 231 participants--suggested people thought having the option to skip through a video or switch to another would make viewing a video less boring. However, the team’s subsequent experiments suggest this is not the case. Data from a group of 166 undergraduates suggests participants felt more bored when allowed to skip about within a video than when they were not able to, while results from 159 undergraduates revealed they reported higher levels or boredom when given a collection of five-minute videos they could switch between, compared with a single 10-minute video. “Our research shows that while people fast-forward or skip videos to avoid boredom, this behaviour can actually make them feel more bored,” she said. “Just as we pay for an immersive experience in a movie theatre, enjoyment often comes from immersing ourselves in videos rather than swiping through them.” 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to avoid boredom while browsing videos. B．The relationship between video switching and boredom. C．The popularity of TikTok and YouTube among young people. D．The importance of immersive experiences in movie theaters. 2．What does the underlined phrase “chime with” mean in Paragraph 3? A．agree with B．compare with C．contrast with D．disagree with 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the research? A．Skipping through videos always makes viewing less boring. B．Swiping through short videos frequently leads to increased boredom. C．Switching between short videos frequently helps people reduce boredom. D．The use of social media or smartphones cases boredom. 4．To relieve boredom while watching videos, Dr. Katy Tam suggest people ________. A．skip through videos as often as possible B．fast-forward videos to keep interest C．absorb themselves in the video content D．avoid watching videos on social media platforms 【江苏·阅读·说明文06】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In other words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn't reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 1．The main purpose of the study conducted by Yale Child Study Center is to ________. A．investigate the daily conflicts between parents and teens B．explore the impact of age and gender on teens’ emotional well-being C．provide practical suggestions for caregivers to avoid conflicts with their teens D．examine the link between parental warmth and teens’ sense of being loved 2．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. B．By spending more time with their teens. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts D．By expressing agreement on whatever their says. 3．It can be inferred from the study that ________. A．conflicts between parents and teens are entirely unavoidable B．parents’ warmth can effectively reduce conflicts between parents and teens C．teens’ feelings of being loved are not affected by their parents’ conflicts D．daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common in long-term relationships 4．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Parents and teens frequently encounter disagreement or arguments. B．Parents’ warmth can be shown through the expression of affection and understanding. C．The study suggests that conflicts between parents and teens can be handled. D．The study suggests that parents spend more time with their children. 【江苏·阅读·说明文07】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes, a new study finds. Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows (草地), far from any real streets. The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution. In these now-light-polluted fields, flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators (传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows. The researchers reported a cabbage thistle (卷心菜蓟花) bloom hosts a guest insect after dark. Cabbage thistles are the most common flowers in these meadows. Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in making seeds). For the thistles, daytime pollinator visits didn’t make up for this loss at night, says Eva Knop, an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Overall, night-lit plants produced one-eighth fewer seeds than did plants that got full nights of darkness. Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators, Knop and her colleagues now suggest. Indeed, night pollination was not just a lonely business for a few special plants. There were lots of links between pollen hauls by night and by day. Plants with a lot of night visits were often very busy by day, too. Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects. So a lot of pollinators working the day and night shifts could be affected, Knop worries. The new study is the first to show how artificial light affects plants’ ability to make seeds. The test is also unusual because it considers all kinds of insect pollinators instead of focusing only on night-flying insects. The researchers paid special attention to the cabbage thistle, but they also mapped which kinds of insects visited other plants by day or night. 1．Why were street lights put up in the meadows? A．To attract insect pollinators. B．For urban development. C．To reduce light pollution. D．For scientific research. 2．What can be learned about cabbage thistles? A．They are the most common Swiss flowers. B．They grow slowly during the night. C．They rely on insects to help make seeds. D．They attract only night visitors. 3．How does light pollution affect pollinators? A．By decreasing night visitors. B．By damaging their sight. C．By increasing seed numbers. D．By destroying their shelter. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Light pollution may affect plants greatly B．Night-flying insects matter more than daytime ones C．Plants attract more insects due to light pollution D．Researchers found ways to protect the environment 【江苏·阅读·说明文08】（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）A new outdoor fabric, called LumiWeave, stores energy by day and then lights up at night. Being tested in a city park, this totally “cool” fabric has attracted interest for its many urban uses. This is the brainchild of Anai Green, an industrial and product designer. She designed a shading fabric that carries solar photovoltaic cells. The cells collect sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural. And we spread light in the areas we want to brighten only,” said Green. The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. This is great news for cities. Tel Aviv, Green’s hometown, is trying out LumiWeave in AtidimPark. The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to deal with climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” said Huldai. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy. The new fabric can be fixed at the top of bike paths, in children’s parks and in walking areas. Many of the country’s major cities are planning to choose LumiWeave. As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone - we’re creating an application,” said Green. “LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.” 1．How does the new outdoor fabric work? A．By turning household waste into clean energy. B．By providing shade and energy in an eco-friendly way. C．By changing its temperatures according to the weather. D．By using photovoltaic cells to promote the plant growth. 2．Which can be the feature of LumiWeave? A．It is very convenient to use. B．It takes up a lot of public space. C．It’s equipped with self-repair materials. D．It can tell the weather conditions faster. 3．What is Ron Huldai’s attitude towards LumiWeave? A．Intolerant. B．Skeptical. C．Dismissive. D．Supportive. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．LumiWeave may bring about safety concerns. B．LumiWeave is replaced by more intelligent devices. C．LumiWeave is being further developed for wider use. D．LumiWeave may speed up the process of urbanization. 【江苏·阅读·说明文09】（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）In a paper published in the journal The Reading Teacher, researchers show that students can learn just as much from a good novel as they can from a good textbook. By reading selections from fiction and non-fiction books, the researchers found that students learned the same amount about a particular period of history. But those who read fiction were better able to empathize with characters. The study was designed and led by Meredyth Dwyer, a child and youth counselor. For the study, 41 students aged between 9 and 12 were separated into two groups. Dwyer read aloud three passages from Bud, Not Buddy, a novel set during the Great Depression. Dwyer incorporated (包含) additional facts into the novel to ensure it contained the same historical facts as the non-fiction text. For the non-fiction group, she read passages from the textbook What Was the Great Depression?. Dwyer read to the groups four times over the course of one week for 25 minutes at a time. The students then filled out a series of questionnaires. They recorded the extent of the students’ empathy with the characters and their feelings about wanting to help them. The questionnaires also considered the students overall enjoyment and transportability, i.e., whether they felt that they had been transported by the story into another time and place. Children in the fiction group reported that the more they felt transported into the novel, the more likely they were to take on others’ views. Also, they expressed a strong desire to help the characters and reported higher listening enjoyment. By comparison, students in the non-fiction group reported a connection between transportability and overall enjoyment, but not with empathy. Both groups reported knowing more about the Great Depression after the listening activities than they did before. “This study can greatly guide teaching even though it’s based on a relatively small population. Bringing history to life through fiction allows students to see the world from characters points of view,” says Martin-Chang, a professor in the Department of Education. 1．What can be the most helpful in understanding historical figures? A．Official reports. B．Research papers. C．Historical novels. D．History textbooks 2．What did Dwyer take into consideration when designing the study? A．Children’s interest. B．Timely after-school reviews. C．Common factual information. D．Students’ family backgrounds. 3．What’s the main purpose of the questionnaires? A．To check children’s knowledge of American history. B．To seek surprising facts behind the Great Depression. C．To collect different opinions about personal enjoyment. D．To test children’s ability to connect with historical characters. 4．How did children in the fiction group differ from those in the non-fiction group? A．They got more pleasure from listening. B．They were much better at listening. C．They preferred to write historical novels. D．They gained more knowledge of history. 【江苏·阅读·说明文10】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Fields ranging from robotics to medicine to political science are attempting to train AI systems to make meaningful decisions of all kinds. Unfortunately, teaching an AI system to make good decisions is no easy task. In the case of traffic, a model might struggle to control a set of intersections with varying speed limits, numbers of lanes, or traffic patterns. To boost the reliability of models for complex tasks, MIT researchers have developed a more efficient algorithm to train AI systems for complex decision-making tasks, such as traffic signal control. The new algorithm, known as Model-Based Transfer Learning (MBTL), strategically selects the best tasks for training an AI agent to perform effectively across a collection of related tasks. This approach maximizes performance while keeping training costs low. Traditionally, engineers train algorithms for traffic lights at multiple intersections by either training one algorithm per intersection independently or training a single, larger algorithm using data from all intersections. The first method is time-consuming and data-intensive, while the second often results in subpar performance. Cathy Wu, a senior author and member of MIT's Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS) , explains that their method finds a middle ground. “We wondered if we could train on a subset of tasks, apply the result to all tasks, and still see a performance increase,” Wu says. MBTL models how well each algorithm would perform if trained independently and how its performance would degrade when transferred to other tasks, a concept known as generalization performance. By explicitly modeling generalization performance, MBTL estimates the value of training on new tasks. It selects tasks in sequence, starting with those that offer the highest performance gain, then chooses additional tasks that provide the most significant marginal improvements to overall performance. This focus on the most promising tasks dramatically improves training efficiency. The MBTL algorithm has two components: one that models individual task performance and another that models the degradation of performance when transferred to other tasks. This dual approach allows for a more nuanced (微妙的) understanding of how to train AI agents effectively. In the future, the researchers plan to design MBTL algorithms that can extend to more complex problems, such as high-dimensional task spaces. They are also interested in applying their approach to real-world problems, especially in next-generation mobility systems. 1．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Researchers are working on the plan to promote the extensive application of MBTL. B．Researchers have selected some best AI models to make good decisions. C．Researchers have figured out the ways to improve the efficiency of AI decision-making. D．Researchers manage to find a middle ground when training AI to make good decisions. 2．What does the underlined word “subpar” in paragraph 3 mean? A．inferior B．substantial C．unexpected D．superb 3．What is the most distinctive feature of MBTL compared to the traditional algorithms? A．It can perform multiple tasks at a time. B．It is designed to keep the costs low. C．It features generalization performance. D．It makes the algorithm much more accessible. 4．What are the Paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly about? A．The functions of MBTL. B．The fundamentals of MBTL. C．The components of MBTL. D．The generalization performance of MBTL. 【江苏·阅读·说明文11】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Coral adaptation to ocean warming and marine heatwaves will likely be overwhelmed without rapid reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, warn an international team of scientists. Led by Dr. Liam Lachs of Newcastle University, the study indicates that coral heat tolerance adaptation via natural selection could keep pace with ocean warming if the Paris Agreement commitments are realized, limiting global warming to 2℃. The researchers studied corals in Palau, developing an eco-evolutionary simulation model that incorporates thermal and evolutionary biology data, as well as ecology. Published in Science, the study simulates the consequences of global development and fossil fuel usage scenarios created by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Prof. Peter Mumby, a co-author, notes that without Paris Agreement commitments, the world could warm by 3-5 degrees by century’s end, making natural selection insufficient for the survival of sensitive coral species. “We can still have fairly healthy corals in the future, but this requires more aggressive reductions in global emissions and strategic reef management,” he says. Dr. Lachs explains that with current policies, we are on track for 3°C warming, where natural selection for heat tolerance could determine coral survival. “From our modeling, we expect profound reductions in reef health and an elevated risk of local extinction for thermally sensitive species,” he adds, acknowledging uncertainty in coral “evolvability”. Dr. James Guest, another co-author, stresses the urgent need for climate-smart management options. “We need actions that maximize genetic adaptation potential and explore increasing adaptation likelihood in wild populations,” he says, suggesting targeted assisted evolution interventions to improve heat tolerance through selective breeding. Coral reefs, remarkably diverse and crucial marine ecosystems, could see some offset in projected loss of functioning and biodiversity if rapid climate action is achieved, according to the study’s models. “Genetic adaptation could play a role in preserving coral reef ecosystems, but only if we take immediate and significant steps to address climate change,” Dr. Lachs concludes. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards coral adaptation? A．Neutral. B．Overwhelmed C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 2．What is the purpose of developing eco-evolutionary simulation model in the study? A．To illustrate the interdependence between governments and measures taken to protect the ecosystem. B．To make a simulation of possible effects of global warming on coral survival. C．To provide evidence for effects of implementing the Paris Agreement commitments. D．To support the argument that corals are dying out. 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Uncertainty is evitable if nature takes its course. B．Paris Agreement commitments have worked well to protect the biodiversity in the ecosystem. C．The survival of diverse coral reefs relies heavily on climate action. D．Natural selection might be adequate for coral reefs with low heat tolerance to survive. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To call for public attention to the preservation of ocean biodiversity. B．To persuade both individuals and organizations to protect the coral reefs. C．To appeal for rapid action to protect the ecosystem. D．To urge immediate evolution interventions to protect coral diversity. 【江苏·阅读·说明文12】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）The ancient Romans are well-known for their engineering techniques, notably demonstrated through the construction of aqueducts (高架渠) and the use of pozzolanic concrete. The properties of this concrete have generally been credited to its ingredients: pozzolana (a mix of volcanic ash) and lime (石灰). When mixed with water, the two materials can react to produce strong concrete. In 2023, a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) uncovered new findings regarding the composition and mixing techniques of Roman concrete. Traditionally, the presence of small lime clasts (碎屑) in the concrete was due to poor mixing, but that did not make sense to Admir Masic, a scientist of MIT. “If the Romans put so much effort into making an outstanding construction material, following all of the detailed recipes that had been optimized over the course of many centuries, why would they put so little effort into ensuring the production of a well-mixed final product? There has to be more to this story.” To investigate further, Masic and the team analyzed ancient concrete samples from Privernum, Italy, using advanced imaging techniques. Their findings challenge the conventional belief that slaked lime (熟石灰) was the primary ingredient. Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.” This method not only produced unique high-temperature compounds but also accelerated curing and setting time, facilitating quicker construction. A significant advantage of this hot mixing process is the self-healing characteristics given by the lime clasts. When cracks develop, water seeps in and interacts with the clasts, which are larger in surface area than surrounding particles. This reaction generates calcium-rich solutions that harden into calcium carbonate, effectively sealing the cracks, This phenomenon has been observed in other ancient Roman structures, reconfirming the durability of their concrete. The MIT team conducted experiments using both ancient and modern concrete recipes with quicklime, finding that the quicklime concrete completely healed within two weeks after cracking, while control samples without quicklime remained damaged. With these insights, researchers aim to develop more environmentally friendly and durable concrete options, potentially revolutionizing modern construction practices. 1．What misconception about Roman concrete did Masic challenge? A．Volcanic ash was the primary ingredient. B．Ancient Roman structures were not durable. C．Presence of lime clasts indicated inadequate mixing. D．Romans merely used volcanic ash and lime for their concrete. 2．What does “hot mixing” involve? A．Mixing materials at low temperatures. B．Using slaked lime only in the mixture. C．Adding water to quicklime at high temperatures. D．Combining quicklime, volcanic ash and water at high temperatures. 3．What does the research imply for modern construction practices? A．Lime should not be contained in modern concrete. B．Modern techniques for durability can be employed. C．Quicklime can be used to reduce construction time. D．Sustainable and durable concrete alternatives are needed. 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The Secrets of Roman Concrete B．The Role of Engineers in Ancient Rome C．The Importance of Aqueducts in Roman Architecture D．Modern Construction Techniques Inspired by Ancient Rome 【江苏·阅读·说明文13】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）For decades, weight-loss drugs have been a disappointment, delivering ineffective or even dangerous treatments. The recent arrival of drugs that are both effective and safe is therefore a medical milestone. Some now talk of a long-term future in which obesity might be cured. That is no small claim: Obesity is a serious global problem, affecting about 14 percent of the world’s population. Two companies, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, are battling for a potential $77 billion market by 2030 with their drugs, Wegovy and Mounjaro, which are going to be massive hits. But they won’t be the only competitors. The size of the market is attracting a lot of competition and innovation. More than 70 other obesity treatments are in development. Most firms are chasing the same idea, namely glucagon-like peptide l (GLP-1), which imitates the hormones (激素) the body produces after a meal, thus regulating glucose (葡萄糖) in the blood. This is why GLP-1 drugs work so well in treating diabetes (糖尿病). Unexpectedly, though, GLP-1 drugs also work on weight loss. They do this by slowing down the emptying rate of the stomach, keeping people fuller for longer. They also affect the brain’s hypothalamus, which controls hunger, and may increase fat breakdown. Raymond Stevens, the boss of Structure Therapeutics, says the challenge is to ensure the patients tolerate the medicine and find it easy to use. A number of biotech firms, including his are chasing oral versions of GLP-1 drugs, which will be cheaper to make and deliver, and will be more tolerated by patients, who don’t like injecting themselves. While the drugs are generally regarded as safe, there are risks of complications (并发症). Another problem is durability (耐久性). The drugs have to be taken continuously to keep weight off. Amgen, which is developing a longer-lasting drug, will get results from Phase II trials later this year. A recent paper on Wegovy showed that the drug can reduce the risk of cardiovascular (管的) diseases by 20 percent. Given widely, weight-loss injections in America could prevent hundreds of thousands of heart failures. More data on the obesity medicines will support the case for prescribing these drugs. For now, the revolution is just beginning. 1．What does paragraph 1 aim to introduce? A．The security of obesity. B．The future of medicine. C．A breakthrough in the medical field. D．The ineffectiveness of diet drugs. 2．What can be learned about GLP-1 drugs? A．They were originally used to treat diabetes. B．They can improve the mobility of the stomach. C．They will take the place of Wegovy and Mounjaro. D．They are currently available mainly in oral versions. 3．Why is Amgen mentioned in the last but one paragraph? A．To show the risks of complications. B．To describe the difficulty of the research process. C．To present efforts made to improve the drugs. D．To introduce the usage of the drugs. 4．What does the author want to do in the last paragraph? A．Show doctors’ feedback on the drug. B．Demonstrate the promise of the drug. C．Call attention to the problem of obesity. D．Ask for more supporting data on the drug. 【江苏·阅读·说明文14】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）After college, in 1969. I got a job in the office furniture industry and sold a small room marketed as having “speech privacy”. It didn’t work — people could overhear each other — but nobody knew why the design failed, or how to fix it. A couple of years later, in Minneapolis, I founded what’s now Orfield Laboratories, a multi-sensory research center, to tackle problems like these. We can test everything from consumer response to the sound of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle to how lights in retirement homes affect elderly residents’ cognitive functioning. But the lab is best known for its anechoic chamber — a room that allows no sound to be reflected off its inner surfaces. It absorbs 100 percent of sound waves at specific frequencies, so you can understand exactly what noise a product will make. It’s a six-sided box made of 4-inch-thick steel panels. Every surface is then covered in fiberglass wedges (楔形物) that are 3.2 feet deep. The whole system floats independently on springs. That structure is then enclosed twice, including by a layer of 12-inch-thick concrete. Most such chambers around today are about 30 decibels (分贝), similar to a quiet bedroom. Ours averages at about negative 13. That means any sound waves still present in the space are far below what most human cars can sense. People come from all over the world to tour our facility and step into the chamber. It’s sort of like being an astronaut. With the lights out, you can’t position yourself because you cannot see or hear. Folks stand still, and some even fall over. Within 10 minutes, your ears start making a continuous low sound, and after 30, you can hear your heart beating. I don’t go in often. I have a mechanical heart valve (瓣膜), and I cannot stand the movement of its machine like clicks for too long. 1．What did the author do right after graduation? A．He worked as a salesperson. B．He did research on speech privacy. C．He established Orfield Laboratories. D．He made a living by fixing furniture. 2．What is one feature of the lab’s anechoic chamber? A．It is around 30 decibels. B．It looks like an irregular box. C．It is lined with 1-inch-thick fiberglass. D．It is made of thick sound-absorbing walls. 3．How might the author feel after staying at the chamber for half an hour? A．Inspired. B．Awful. C．Peaceful. D．Sleepy. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．A research center is little known to the public B．Why decibels matter in the anechoic chamber C．A room is so quiet that you can hear your heart beating D．How Orfield Laboratories aids you in being an astronaut 【江苏·阅读·说明文15】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·阶段练习）Picture this: you’re at the grocery store, feeling satisfied as you reach for the low-fat yogurt. But then, you find yourself grabbing a pack of sugary cookies. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. To study the complex dance of healthy and unhealthy choices, a research team conducted two studies. In Study 1, they analyzed real-world purchase data from over 5,000 shopping trips at a large Dutch supermarket chain. Using handheld scanners, shoppers scanned each product as they selected it, allowing the researchers to track the exact sequence of their choices. In Study 2, they invited 504 shoppers in the U.S. to participate in an online grocery shopping simulation (模拟). Participants made 25 product choices across various categories. Across both studies, a clear “balancing act” pattern appeared: the relative healthiness of an initial product choice was inversely (成反比地) related to the relative healthiness of the next choice. In other words, a healthier choice was typically followed by an unhealthier one, and vice versa (反之亦然). The researchers also found that, in the real-world shopping data, healthier choices were balanced out more than unhealthier ones. However, in the online experiment, the opposite was true―unhealthier choices led to more obvious balancing. The studies did not account for how much of each product shoppers purchased or consumed. It’s possible that the balancing of healthy and unhealthy choices extends beyond just product selection to serving sizes and consumption quantities as well. Additionally, the studies were limited to Dutch and American consumers. The generalizability of the findings to other cultures and food environments remains to be tested. This research is a reminder that our food choices don’t happen in isolation. They’re influenced by our previous decisions in ways we may not even realize. Being aware of this balancing tendency could help shoppers make more consistently healthy choices. You can run your own version of the study by paying attention to your shopping habits next time you make a grocery run. Being more mindful of your habit may lead you to make greater efforts to make healthier choices more consistently. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．A general rule when shoppers make food choices. B．The strategy of grocery stores to get customers to spend. C．Factors that influence people’s choice of food when shopping. D．The difference between online shopping and offline shopping. 2．What can be learned from the new study? A．People are more likely to spend more when shopping online. B．People are more likely to choose healthy foods when shopping online. C．People are easily affected by the order in which food is placed in stores. D．People buy a rough balance of healthy and unhealthy foods when shopping. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the studies? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the author’s advice in the last paragraph? A．Be more aware of our own shopping habits. B．Make a shopping list before we go shopping. C．Cut down on shopping time as much as possible. D．Do some research on healthy and unhealthy foods. 【江苏·阅读·说明文16】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）Every year during Halloween, it’s likely homes around the neighborhood will put up some spider webs as their spooky (恐怖的) decorations. But people were asked to stop using fake spider webs last year because they pose a huge danger to natural wildlife. The fake webbing is considered a danger to birds, bats and other small animals as they are often attracted to the decoration and get caught, resulting in injuries or sometimes even death. What’s more, when blown around by the wind, fake Halloween spider webs often end up in public spaces like parks and beaches, attracting wildlife. Since they are not biodegradable (可生物降解的), they can linger for months or even years, posing a continuous threat to the environment and animals. Last year, government authorities actively used social media to warn about the dangers posed by popular Halloween decorations. One post advised: “Please avoid using fake spider webs when decorating your home. They can be very harmful to wildlife, especially birds, which often mistake spider silk for building their nests and cannot distinguish between real and synthetic webbing. This can lead to birds and their young becoming entangled, along with bats, insects and other wildlife.” The Paws & Recover Facebook group posted a reminder about the dangers of synthetic webbing, generating over 700 comments from people expressing how much they loathe the decoration due to the great harm it causes to precious wildlife. Wildlife experts have urged people to use larger, safer decorations that don’t endanger animals. Compassionate individuals have also shared advice online. “Here I am, ready to spoil your Halloween decorating fun! PLEASE DO NOT USE FAKE SPIDER WEBS OUTSIDE,” a woman cautioned, sharing her photos. Another suggested, “If you’re looking for decorating ideas, consider reusing or repurposing items you already own.” 1．What is the problem with fake spider webs? A．They are not visually appealing. B．They break down easily. C．They pose a risk to wildlife. D．They are difficult to clean up. 2．Why did local officials share posts on social media? A．To raise people’s awareness of fake webbing issues. B．To warn people about the danger of Halloween decorations. C．To respond to people’s concerns on environment. D．To promote bird protection practices. 3．What does the underlined word “loathe” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Ignore. B．Choose. C．Hate. D．Frighten. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for this text? A．Abandon dangerous Halloween decorations. B．Restore the losing wildlife habitats. C．Celebrate Halloween responsibly. D．Stop using fake spider webs for Halloween. 【江苏·阅读·说明文17】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）The way different languages sound may depend on the geography of the landscape on which they’re spoken, new research suggests. A study of more than 550 languages around the world found that tongues spoken in high-altitude regions contain more sounds called “ejective consonants”, sounds made with a burst of air, than languages closer to sea level. Ejectives may be more common in these regions because the sounds are easier to produce there, or possibly because they minimize water loss from the mouth in dry, high-altitude environments, said study author Caleb Everett, an anthropological (人类学的) linguist at the University of Miami. Traditionally, linguists have assumed that geography doesn’t play a role in shaping languages, with the exception of vocabulary specific to certain environments or wildlife. A handful of small studies have suggested that languages in warm climates use more vowels than languages in cold climates, but the findings are controversial. Everett set out to investigate how other aspects of geography, namely altitude, might be linked to certain sounds in a language — specifically, ejectives. Everett suspected that ejectives might be more common at high altitudes, where the lower air pressure would make them easier to produce. To test this hypothesis (假说), Everett analyzed phoneme data on 567 languages from the World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online. He compared the data to the altitudes where the languages were spoken, obtained using geographic mapping software. Languages containing ejective sounds were found to occur at or near five of the six major inhabited high-altitude regions, including in North and South America, southern Africa and Eurasia, Everett found. He theorized that languages at high altitudes may have evolved to have ejective sounds because less effort is required to produce these bursts of air in thinner atmospheres. Alternatively, speaking in ejectives might expel (排出) less water vapor from the mouth, allowing water to be conserved in typically dry high-altitude environments. Everett’s findings were based on basic calculations of the air pressure needed to make these sounds. 1．What did Everett’s study focus on? A．The effects of warm climates on language. B．The impact of high altitudes on human speech. C．The evolution of ejective consonants. D．The link between geography and language sounds. 2．What might be the reasons for more ejective consonants in languages spoken in high-altitude regions? A．They are easier to hear in thin air. B．They are related to certain wildlife. C．They help reduce water loss in the mouth. D．They are easier to produce in thick atmospheres. 3．What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The controversy surrounding Everett’s hypothesis. B．The scientific basis for Everett’s research. C．The distribution of ejective sounds. D．The research methods and findings. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A geography textbook. B．A linguistic research paper. C．An experiment report. D．A cultural magazine. 【江苏·阅读·说明文18】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）Lately, it is getting harder and harder to find clothes that aren’t laced (镶边) with plastic. When you check a garment’s fabric composition, it’s not uncommon to be confronted by a list of scientific words, which refer to various types of plastic. However, too few realize that unless you’re paying close attention, most of your cupboard contains a whole lot of plastic. Often it is invisible, like the microplastics shed by synthetic (合成的) materials; while you may never see them, they have been found at the bottom of the ocean and in human blood. So why do we continue to use plastics? The main reason is, of course, cost. The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating an apparent incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. Moreover, making synthetic materials isn’t dependent on seasons or farms affected by rainfall or heatwaves, as is the case with cotton and wool. You’ve likely seen a lot of brands promoting themselves as sustainable by using plastic bottles to make their clothes. But the problem is, our plastic-based textile economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment. Textiles made from plastic fibers are responsible for microplastic fiber shedding at every stage of their lives: when they’re worn, washed, and disposed of. These microplastics enter the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Plus, clothing made from plastic bottles can actually shorten its life cycle. When a bottle is transformed into clothing, it often accelerates that bottle’s journey to the landfill because we purchase and abandon our clothing at such a rapid pace. While the hidden story of plastic in our clothes doesn’t have the happiest of endings, we can each take measures. Reduce our overall consumption of clothing and textile products and extend the life of our favorite garment. Learning to mend can be a game-changer. When we do make textile purchases, buy and wear natural fiber products, especially those originating from land-based production systems that are working to restore and build ecosystem and soil health. 1．What can we learn about plastic from the first paragraph? A．It is widely used in our clothes. B．It is impossible to enter our body. C．It is a rare material for clothing. D．It is always noticeable in clothing. 2．What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Problem. B．Difference. C．Concept. D．Motive. 3．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The marketing strategies of clothing brands. B．The sustainability of plastic bottle recycling. C．The environmental impact of plastic clothing. D．The process of making plastic-based clothes. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．We Might Consume Too Much B．Measures Benefit Consumers C．We Might Wear Plastic Bottles D．Plastics Promote Economy 【江苏·阅读·说明文19】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）UK researchers found that the motion capture suit technology that brings characters to life in movies like Avatar can measure the severity of two diseases. The AI system analyzes some body movements that humans cannot pick up on, enabling quicker and more affordable disease diagnoses (诊断) and drug trials. Two separate studies were published in the journal Nature Medicine this year, Both detailed how wearable motion capture suits could be helpful in research on two different genetic degenerative (退化的) diseases that have no cure. One team at Great Ormond Street Hospital tested the motion sensor suits on patients with DMD, a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. To collect movement behavior data, the patients wore motion capture suits while completing everyday activities, such as standing up from a chair. The technology predicted how their movement would be affected six months in the future much more accurately than a doctor. Similarly, a team at Imperial College London tested the motion sensor suits on patients with FA, a genetic disorder that causes progressive nervous system damage and movement problems. They found that the AI could predict the worsening of the disease over twelve months, half the time it would normally take an expert. Researchers believe that the sensors could also speed up and lower the cost of clinical trials to test out new drugs for a broad variety of conditions. In particular, it may help trials of new drugs for rare genetic disorders bring the best possible profits for the lowest possible costs. One of the scientists who came up with the idea, Professor Aldo Faisal, believes that the technology of the motion sensor detectors “has the capability to transform clinical trials as well as improve diagnosis and monitoring for patients.” Professor Paola Giunti also said: “We will be able to try more drugs with fewer patients at a lower cost.” Following the success of the two studies, researchers are currently seeking approval from the authority for the use of motion capture for drug trials for FA and DMD．They are also gathering data for the new technology’s use with other diseases, which has far-reaching implications. 1．What is an application of the motion capture suit technology in medicine? A．Seeking a new cure for degenerative diseases. B．Enabling doctors to diagnose more diseases. C．Predicting how soon the patients will recover. D．Testing the effectiveness of some new drugs. 2．How did researchers find the worsening tendency for patients? A．By observing their daily motion. B．By analyzing their movement data. C．By developing their moving habit. D．By measuring their walking distance. 3．Which of the following can best describe the motion capture suit technology? A．Costly and time-consuming B．Complex and effective. C．Accurate and cost-effective. D．Advanced and popular. 4．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph about the new technology? A．Its appeal to the authority. B．Possibilities of its practical use. C．Concern over future studies D．Researchers with new visions. 试卷第26页，共26页 试卷第1页，共27页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题11 期终考试押题之阅读理解说明文 解析版 （提分干货+名校模拟） 技能专区：冲刺名师提醒，洞悉高考规律，提供高效提分干货 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点 文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构 特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。 事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 3. 设题特点 就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点 科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：What does the underlined word/phrase…in paragraph…mean/refer to? 二、说明方法 1. 罗列法（listing） 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。 2. 举例法（examples） 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。 3. 比较法（comparison and contrast） 比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。 4. 定义法（definition） 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. 5. 顺序法（sequence of time，space and process） 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 6. 分类法（classification） 分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。 Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously，and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books… 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心 【江苏·阅读·说明文01】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Babies playfully tease others as young as eight months of age. Since language is not required for this behavior, similar kinds of playful teasing might be present in non-human animals. Now, a new study led by Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior has documented playful teasing in five species of great apes. “Great apes are excellent candidates for playful teasing, as they are closely related to us, engage in social play, show laughter and display relatively sophisticated understandings of others’ expectations,” Laumer says. Laumer and her colleagues collected videos of five species of great apes: bonobos, Sumatran orangutans, western and eastern gorillas and chimpanzees. There were a total of 34 apes, all housed in zoos. After examining 75 hours of videos, the team documented 504 social interactions between individuals. Of those, 142 were classified as examples of playful teasing, consisting of 18 behaviors, including poking (戳), hitting, pulling on hair and stealing. The researchers found that the teaser tended to look at their target’s face straight after an action, which suggests that a response was expected. If there wasn’t any reaction, the teaser would usually escalate the teasing, for example by poking their targets even more. And this behavior typically happened in a calm, comfortable setting, which can signify that it was playful, instead of being aggressive. “And much like play in general, it is also helpful in building relationships between members of a group and even testing out social boundaries,” the researchers add. But the researchers noted that it differed from humans’ play in several ways. “Playful teasing in great apes is one-sided, very much coming from the teaser often throughout the entire interaction,” explains Laumer. “The animals also rarely use play signals like the primate ‘playface’, which is similar to what we would call a smile, or ‘hold’ gestures that signal their intent to play.” “Studying great apes is critical to understanding which features of human cognition and behaviour are shared and likely evolved millions of years ago in a common ancestor,” says Christopher Krupenye at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. “This study provides exciting evidence that all apes seem to engage in playful teasing behaviour and also charts a path for future research in other species.” 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．What great apes convey through joyful teasing. B．Why the researchers chose great apes as subjects. C．What inspired the researchers to conduct the study. D．Why playful teasing can be independent of language. 2．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “escalate” in paragraph 4? A．avoid B．increase C．enjoy D．stop 3．What do we know about playful teasing among apes from the study? A．It is an effective way to build trust. B．It bears a strong similarity to our joking. C．It often results in fierce fight between them. D．It is of great help to their social interactions. 4．What is Christopher Krupenye’s attitude towards the study? A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于大猩猩嬉戏取乐行为的研究，介绍了研究内容、过程、发现以及研究的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Great apes are excellent candidates for playful teasing, as they are closely related to us, engage in social play, show laughter and display relatively sophisticated understandings of others’ expectations,’ Laumer says.(Laumer说：‘大猩猩是嬉戏取乐的绝佳候选者，因为它们与我们关系密切，参与社交游戏，会笑，并对他人的期望表现出相对复杂的理解。’)”可知，本段主要解释了为什么研究者选择大猩猩作为研究对象。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The researchers found that the teaser tended to look at their target’s face straight after an action, which suggests that a response was expected. If there wasn’t any reaction, the teaser would usually escalate the teasing, for example by poking their targets even more.(研究人员发现，戏弄者往往会在行动后直视目标的脸，这表明他们期待对方的反应。如果没有任何反应，戏弄者通常会______戏弄，比如更频繁地戳他们的目标。)”可知，如果没有反应，戏弄者会加大戏弄的程度，比如更频繁地戳目标。由此推知，划线词escalate意为“升级，加剧”，与increase意思相近。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And this behavior typically happened in a calm, comfortable setting, which can signify that it was playful, instead of being aggressive. ‘And much like play in general, it is also helpful in building relationships between members of a group and even testing out social boundaries,’ the researchers add.(这种行为通常发生在平静、舒适的环境中，这可能意味着它是玩耍的，而不是攻击性的。研究人员补充说：‘就像一般的玩耍一样，它也有助于建立群体成员之间的关系，甚至测试社交界限。’)”可知，在研究中发现，嬉戏取乐有助于大猩猩之间的社交互动，建立关系，甚至测试社交界限。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Studying great apes is critical to understanding which features of human cognition and behaviour are shared and likely evolved millions of years ago in a common ancestor,’ says Christopher Krupenye at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. ‘This study provides exciting evidence that all apes seem to engage in playful teasing behaviour and also charts a path for future research in other species.’ (马里兰约翰斯霍普金斯大学的Christopher Krupenye说：‘研究大猩猩对于理解人类认知和行为中哪些特征是共有的，以及可能在数百万年前从一个共同祖先那里进化而来的至关重要。这项研究提供了令人兴奋的证据，表明所有大猩猩似乎都参与嬉戏取乐的行为，并为未来其他物种的研究指明了方向。’)”可知，Christopher Krupenye认为这项研究对于理解人类和大猩猩的共同特征很重要，为未来的研究指明了方向，由此可推知，他对这项研究持支持态度。故选A项。 【江苏·阅读·说明文02】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Apple announced four new iPhone 16 models during a launch event September 9 from its headquarters in Cupertino, California. It said the new models are equipped with special chips to support the increased power needed for AI operations. Apple says the AI built into the devices is part of its newly developed Apple Intelligence technology. The company describes the technology as a “personal intelligence system” designed to help users “communicate, work, and express” themselves. The new AI tools, or features, are designed to improve on past ones, including the company’s 13-year-old Siri digital assistant. Company officials say they aim to get Siri to better understand requests and actions of the user. One new feature of iPhone 16 models lets users search for pictures in their images collection by describing what an image looks like. AI tools can also help users create personal emojis and can organize and provide brief descriptions of emails. Other AI features include improved camera and video production functions. The new iPhone models are also equipped with a new button that reacts to clicks and hand movements to make it easier and faster to set up shots, capture images and start video recording. Apple’s push to include AI tools in its new devices is partly seen as a reaction to moves by competitors like Samsung and Google. Both of those companies have already offered users powerful new AI tools in their latest smartphone models. In addition to the new AI features offered, Apple has also teamed up with ChatGPT developer OpenAI to give users the chance to use that company’s technology for more complex operations. In June, Apple announced it was working with OpenAI to create a series of AI tools for iPhones and other personal devices. Besides announcing the new AI-equipped devices, Apple also introduced new models of its Apple Watch and AirPods headphones. The Apple Watch Series 10 has a larger and brighter display that aims to improve views from any position. The changes to Apple Watch also include additional health features, such as a sleep monitor tool that aims to identify the disorder sleep apnea (睡眠呼吸暂停症). 1．Why do the new models have special chips? A．To enhance iPhone’s market competitiveness. B．To ensure the speed of mobile Internet access. C．To make it easier to take pictures with iPhones. D．To support the higher power required for AI operations. 2．What is a new feature of iPhone 16 models? A．Siri digital assistant is replaced. B．A new button is added to create emojis. C．AI tools help organize users’ emails by date. D．Users can find pictures through descriptions. 3．What can we say about Apple’s new devices? A．They’re more complex than Google’s. B．They’re unsuccessful compared to Samsung. C．They’re very competitive cooperating with OpenAI. D．They’re gradually being replaced by other companies’ products. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．The price of Apple 16. B．The changes of AirPods headphones. C．The advantages of AI tools. D．The reason for the disorder sleep apnea. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苹果公司在加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺总部的一次发布会中，推出了配备特殊芯片的四个新的iPhone 16型号。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句“It said the new models are equipped with special chips to support the increased power needed for AI operations.(它说新模型配备了特殊的芯片，以支持人工智能操作所需的增加功率。)”可知，新模型配备特殊芯片是为了支持人工智能操作所需的更高功率。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“One new feature of iPhone 16 models lets users search for pictures in their images collection by describing what an image looks like.(iPhone 16型号的一个新功能允许用户通过描述图片的样子来搜索他们图片收藏中的图片。)”可知，iPhone 16型号的一个新功能是用户可以通过描述图片的样子来搜索图片。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段中“ In addition to the new AI features offered, Apple has also teamed up with ChatGPT developer OpenAI to give users the chance to use that company’s technology for more complex operations. In June, Apple announced it was working with OpenAI to create a series of AI tools for iPhones and other personal devices.( 除了提供新的人工智能功能外，苹果还与ChatGPT开发商OpenAI合作，让用户有机会使用该公司的技术进行更复杂的操作。今年6月，苹果宣布与OpenAI合作，为iphone和其他个人设备开发一系列人工智能工具。)”可知，苹果的新设备非常具有竞争力，因为它们与ChatGPT开发商OpenAI合作，开发一系列人工智能工具。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides announcing the new AI-equipped devices, Apple also introduced new models of its Apple Watch and AirPods headphones.(除了宣布配备人工智能的新设备外，苹果还推出了新款Apple Watch和AirPods耳机。)”以及最后一段中“The changes to Apple Watch also include additional health features, such as a sleep monitor tool that aims to identify the disorder sleep apnea (睡眠呼吸暂停症).( Apple Watch的变化还包括额外的健康功能，例如旨在识别睡眠呼吸暂停障碍的睡眠监测工具。)”可知，文章最后两段提到了Apple Watch和AirPods耳机的新的型号。由此可推知，接下来作者可能会继续谈论AirPods耳机的变化。故选B。 【江苏·阅读·说明文03】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）When scientists look for an earthquake’s cause, their search often starts underground. As centuries of earthquake researches have made clear, it’s the crash of makeup plates and the movement of underground faults and cracks that mainly lead to an earthquake. But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. In a study appearing recently in Science Advances, the researchers report that happenings of heavy snowfall and rain likely led to a series of earthquakes over the past several years in northern Japan. The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. “We see that snowfall and other environmental loading at the surface affect the stress state underground, and the timing of heavy rainfall events is well-connected with the start of this earthquake crowds,” says study author William Frank, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “So, climate obviously has an effect on the response of the solid earth, and part of that response is earthquakes.” The new study focuses on a series of ongoing earthquakes in Japan’s Noto Peninsula. The team discovered that earthquake activity in the area is surprisingly in step with certain changes in underground pressure, and that those changes are influenced by seasonal patterns of snowfall and rainfall. The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. Looking to the future, they predict that the climate’s influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. “If we’re going into a climate that’s changing, with more extreme rainfall events, and we expect a redistribution of water in the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, that will change how the Earth’s crust (地壳) is loaded,” Frank adds. “That will have an effect for sure, and it’s a link we could further explore.” 1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1? A．Introduce the main topic. B．Describe a scientific experiment. C．Present different opinions on earthquakes. D．Explain the causes of earthquakes in detail. 2．What is the finding of the study? A．Heavy rainfall indicates big earthquakes. B．Global warming will lead to more snowfall. C．There will be more and more earthquakes in the future. D．Certain weather events may contribute to some earthquakes. 3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The research results will be applied immediately. B．The influence of climate on earthquakes will decrease. C．There will be no earthquakes caused by underground faults. D．More research on the climate-earthquake link will be conducted. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret of Earthquakes B．How to Predict Earthquakes C．Climate and Earthquakes: A New Link D．The Effects of Global Warming on Earthquakes 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地震的传统成因，如地壳板块碰撞和地下断层移动，并报道了MIT科学家最新的研究发现，即特定的天气事件，例如大雪和降雨，可能对某些地震的发生起到促进作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. (但麻省理工学院的科学家现在发现，某些天气事件也可能在引发地震方面发挥作用)”可知，作者在第一段中主要介绍了麻省理工学院科学家发现的新内容，即“某些天气事件可能在引发地震方面发挥作用”，暗示文章将讨论关于地震的新见解。由此推知，作者在第一段中的目的是介绍文章的主要话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. (但麻省理工学院的科学家现在发现，某些天气事件也可能在引发地震方面发挥作用)”以及第二段中“The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. (该研究首次表明气候条件可能导致一些地震)”可知，研究发现某些天气事件可能有助于引发地震。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. (科学家们怀疑，地震与气候之间的这种新联系可能不仅限于日本，也可能对世界其他地区产生影响)”以及最后一段中“That will have an effect for sure, and it’s a link we could further explore. (这肯定会有影响，这是我们可以进一步探讨的联系)”可知，对于气候和地震之间的联系科学家怀疑不仅限于日本，且研究者认为这是一个可以进一步探讨的联系。由此推知，将来他们将会对气候和地震之间的联系进行更多的研究。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. (但麻省理工学院的科学家现在发现，某些天气事件也可能在引发地震方面发挥作用)”以及倒数第二段中“Looking to the future, they predict that the climate’s influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. (展望未来，他们预测，随着全球变暖，气候对地震的影响可能会更加明显)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家发现了气候条件与地震之间的一个新联系，并且预测，随着全球变暖，气候对地震的影响可能会更加明显。由此可知，C项“气候和地震：新的联系”适合作文章标题。故选C。 【江苏·阅读·说明文04】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Home to reefs, sharks and various fish, the Coral Sea is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region will become the world’s largest marine protected area, with bans on fishing, mining and marine farming. The Coral Sea reserve will cover almost 990, 000 square kilometers and stretch as far as 1, 100 kilometers from the coast. Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia’s coast. But the plan attracts criticism from scientısts and conservation groups claiming the government hasn’t done enough in protecting the Coral Sea. They even point out only half of the Coral Sea reserved is proposed as a “no take” area, in which all fishing would be banned. But the world’s largest existing marine reserve, established by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 554, 000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. Some people argue more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection. The Australian government didn’t respond to the criticism. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve does “broadly protect the range of habitats” in the sea. “I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organizations have made to understand the ecological values of this vast area.” he says. Reserves proposed earlier for Australia’s southwestern coastal regions have also been criticized for not giving habitats adequate protection. Some scientists pointed out the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the “core science principles” of reserves — the protected regions were not representative of all the habitats in the region, they said. Critics say the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a controversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan. 1．What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea? A．It remains largely undisturbed by humans. B．It is extremely rich in marine life. C．It is the biggest marine protected area. D．It is a unique reserve of endangered species. 2．What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke? A．Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast. B．Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea. C．Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms. D．Upgrade the established reserves to protect marine life. 3．What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan? A．It can compare with the British government’s effort in the Indian Ocean. B．It will result in the establishment of the world’s largest marine reserve. C．It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast. D．It is an enormous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats. 4．What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan? A．It will benefit Australia’s fishing industry. B．It will do more harm than good to the environment. C．It will offer the greatest protection that is very necessary. D．It will protect regions that actually require little protection. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是澳大利亚政府提出的将珊瑚海变成世界上最大的海洋保护区的提议，以及该提议所面临的批评和争议。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Home to reefs, sharks and various fish, the Coral Sea is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia.(珊瑚海是澳大利亚东北海岸外一个独特的生物多样性保护区，拥有珊瑚礁、鲨鱼和各种鱼类。)”可知，珊瑚海极其丰富于海洋生物。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia’s coast.(环境部长托尼·伯克透露，该提议将是围绕澳大利亚海岸一系列提议的海洋保护区中的最后一个。)”可知，澳大利亚政府计划完成其沿海一系列海洋保护区的建设。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve does ‘broadly protect the range of habitats’ in the sea.(海洋地质学家Robin Beaman表示，保护区广泛保护了海洋中的各种栖息地。)”可知，他认为该计划是保护海洋栖息地的共同努力。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Critics say the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a controversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan.(批评者表示，西南保护区为那些商业机会最少且对环境威胁最小的近海区域提供了最大程度的保护，这一争议也出现在珊瑚海计划中。)”可知，批评者认为珊瑚海计划将保护那些实际上需要较少保护的区域。故选D项。 【江苏·阅读·说明文05】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored. Dr Katy Tam at the University of Toronto Scarborough said boredom was closely linked to attention. “We feel bored when there’s a gap between how engaged we are and how engaged we want to be,” she said. “When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.” The results appear to chime with other studies: as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse. Writing in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Tam and colleagues report how they carried out seven experiments involving a total of more than 1,200 participants. The first, involving 140 participants, revealed that people tended to switch between videos more when they rated the content more boring, while the second-an online survey involving 231 participants--suggested people thought having the option to skip through a video or switch to another would make viewing a video less boring. However, the team’s subsequent experiments suggest this is not the case. Data from a group of 166 undergraduates suggests participants felt more bored when allowed to skip about within a video than when they were not able to, while results from 159 undergraduates revealed they reported higher levels or boredom when given a collection of five-minute videos they could switch between, compared with a single 10-minute video. “Our research shows that while people fast-forward or skip videos to avoid boredom, this behaviour can actually make them feel more bored,” she said. “Just as we pay for an immersive experience in a movie theatre, enjoyment often comes from immersing ourselves in videos rather than swiping through them.” 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to avoid boredom while browsing videos. B．The relationship between video switching and boredom. C．The popularity of TikTok and YouTube among young people. D．The importance of immersive experiences in movie theaters. 2．What does the underlined phrase “chime with” mean in Paragraph 3? A．agree with B．compare with C．contrast with D．disagree with 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the research? A．Skipping through videos always makes viewing less boring. B．Swiping through short videos frequently leads to increased boredom. C．Switching between short videos frequently helps people reduce boredom. D．The use of social media or smartphones cases boredom. 4．To relieve boredom while watching videos, Dr. Katy Tam suggest people ________. A．skip through videos as often as possible B．fast-forward videos to keep interest C．absorb themselves in the video content D．avoid watching videos on social media platforms 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多伦多斯卡伯勒大学的研究人员关于人们浏览视频的研究，研究表明不断切换视频或在同一视频中前后跳跃实际上会让人们感到更无聊。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Browsing videos on TikTok or YouTube can be a hit-and-miss affair. But researchers have found that switching to another video, or skipping forwards and backwards in the same one, actually makes people more bored.(在TikTok或YouTube上浏览视频可能是一件偶然的事情。但研究人员发现，切换到另一个视频，或者在同一个视频中来回跳，实际上会让人更无聊)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要探讨了人们在浏览视频时频繁切换或跳过内容如何影响他们的无聊感，因此主旨是视频切换与无聊之间的关系。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据前文“When people keep switching through videos, they become less engaged with the videos and they are looking for something more interesting. This can lead to increased feelings of boredom.(当人们不停地切换视频时，他们对视频的参与度就会降低，他们会寻找更有趣的东西。这可能会增加无聊感)”以及后文“as the team notes, previous research has suggested that while boredom relief is a driver for people to use social media or smartphones, the use of such technology appears to make the feeling worse.(正如研究小组指出的那样，之前的研究表明，尽管缓解无聊是人们使用社交媒体或智能手机的一个动力，但使用这些技术似乎会让感觉更糟)”可知，之前的研究和现在的研究结果一样，推知chime with是“以……一致，同意”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Our research shows that while people fast-forward or skip videos to avoid boredom, this behaviour can actually make them feel more bored,” she said.(她说：“我们的研究表明，虽然人们为了避免无聊而快进或跳过视频，但这种行为实际上会让他们感到更加无聊。”)”可知，尽管人们认为切换视频会减少无聊，但实验结果表明，频繁切换或跳过视频实际上会让人感到更加无聊。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Just as we pay for an immersive experience in a movie theatre, enjoyment often comes from immersing ourselves in videos rather than swiping through them.(就像我们花钱去电影院享受身临其境的体验一样，享受往往来自于让自己沉浸在视频中，而不是在视频中刷屏)”可知，Dr. Katy Tam建议人们沉浸于视频内容中来缓解无聊。故选C项。 【江苏·阅读·说明文06】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In other words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn't reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 1．The main purpose of the study conducted by Yale Child Study Center is to ________. A．investigate the daily conflicts between parents and teens B．explore the impact of age and gender on teens’ emotional well-being C．provide practical suggestions for caregivers to avoid conflicts with their teens D．examine the link between parental warmth and teens’ sense of being loved 2．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. B．By spending more time with their teens. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts D．By expressing agreement on whatever their says. 3．It can be inferred from the study that ________. A．conflicts between parents and teens are entirely unavoidable B．parents’ warmth can effectively reduce conflicts between parents and teens C．teens’ feelings of being loved are not affected by their parents’ conflicts D．daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common in long-term relationships 4．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Parents and teens frequently encounter disagreement or arguments. B．Parents’ warmth can be shown through the expression of affection and understanding. C．The study suggests that conflicts between parents and teens can be handled. D．The study suggests that parents spend more time with their children. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了耶鲁大学儿童研究中心的研究人员收集家长和青少年21天的日记，分析发现家长表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动有关，家长在同一天表达温暖可以减弱冲突对孩子的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling.(通过分析这些日记，研究人员可以将父母的温暖表现与青少年感受到的爱的日常波动联系起来)”可知，耶鲁儿童研究中心进行的这项研究的主要目的是研究父母的温暖和青少年被爱的感觉之间的联系。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said.(研究人员说，为了减弱冲突的影响，温情必须在同一天出现，但温情和冲突并不一定要联系起来)”可知，父母在同一天表现出情感上的温暖可以减少冲突对孩子的影响。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships.(越来越多的证据表明，即使在长期的关系中，每天感觉被爱的波动也是很常见的，这项研究进一步证明了这一点)”可知，从这项研究中可以推断出在长期关系中，感受到爱的日常波动是很常见的。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段““Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.”(该研究的主要作者约翰·科菲（John Coffey）说：“父母经常抱怨他们与孩子之间的冲突，但我们的研究表明，冲突是可以控制的。”)”可知，选项A和C被提及了，根据第二段“Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise.(研究人员发现，不管父母与青少年的关系是否亲密，当父母以情感、理解或赞美的形式表现出更多的温暖时，青少年会感到更被爱)”可知，选项B被提及了。文章并没有提到“研究表明父母应该花更多时间与孩子在一起”，所以选项D未提及。故选D项。 【江苏·阅读·说明文07】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·阶段练习）Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes, a new study finds. Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows (草地), far from any real streets. The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution. In these now-light-polluted fields, flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators (传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows. The researchers reported a cabbage thistle (卷心菜蓟花) bloom hosts a guest insect after dark. Cabbage thistles are the most common flowers in these meadows. Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in making seeds). For the thistles, daytime pollinator visits didn’t make up for this loss at night, says Eva Knop, an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Overall, night-lit plants produced one-eighth fewer seeds than did plants that got full nights of darkness. Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators, Knop and her colleagues now suggest. Indeed, night pollination was not just a lonely business for a few special plants. There were lots of links between pollen hauls by night and by day. Plants with a lot of night visits were often very busy by day, too. Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects. So a lot of pollinators working the day and night shifts could be affected, Knop worries. The new study is the first to show how artificial light affects plants’ ability to make seeds. The test is also unusual because it considers all kinds of insect pollinators instead of focusing only on night-flying insects. The researchers paid special attention to the cabbage thistle, but they also mapped which kinds of insects visited other plants by day or night. 1．Why were street lights put up in the meadows? A．To attract insect pollinators. B．For urban development. C．To reduce light pollution. D．For scientific research. 2．What can be learned about cabbage thistles? A．They are the most common Swiss flowers. B．They grow slowly during the night. C．They rely on insects to help make seeds. D．They attract only night visitors. 3．How does light pollution affect pollinators? A．By decreasing night visitors. B．By damaging their sight. C．By increasing seed numbers. D．By destroying their shelter. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Light pollution may affect plants greatly B．Night-flying insects matter more than daytime ones C．Plants attract more insects due to light pollution D．Researchers found ways to protect the environment 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物的种子数量。文章详细介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现夜间过多的光照不仅会减少植物的种子数量，还会摧毁传粉者的庇护所，从而影响到植物的传粉者。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows (草地), far from any real streets. The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution. In these now-light-polluted fields, flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators (传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows.(研究人员在远离任何真实街道的瑞士草地上安装了路灯。该装置的建造方式与城市光污染类似。在这些现已被光污染的田地里，花朵的夜间访客——昆虫传粉者——比在光线暗的草地上的花朵少62%)”可知，路灯挂在草地上是为了用于科学研究。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen (花粉) pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in making seeds).(夜间昆虫的减少可能意味着植物间的花粉传粉量减少——这是制造种子的第一步)”可知，甘蓝蓟依靠昆虫来帮助制造种子。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants. And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects.(随着时间的推移，夜间的灯光会减少种子数量，这意味着新植物的数量会减少。更少的植物意味着更少的食物和白天昆虫的较少的庇护所)”可知，光污染通过摧毁传粉者的庇护所，来影响传粉者。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes, a new study finds.(一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物的种子数量)”以及第三段中“Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators, Knop and her colleagues now suggest.( Knop和她的同事现在认为，光污染可能会影响整个植物网络和它们的传粉者)”结合文章详细介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现夜间过多的光照不仅会减少植物的种子数量，还会摧毁传粉者的庇护所，从而影响到植物的传粉者。可知，A选项“光污染对植物的影响很大”最符合文章标题。故选A。 【江苏·阅读·说明文08】（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）A new outdoor fabric, called LumiWeave, stores energy by day and then lights up at night. Being tested in a city park, this totally “cool” fabric has attracted interest for its many urban uses. This is the brainchild of Anai Green, an industrial and product designer. She designed a shading fabric that carries solar photovoltaic cells. The cells collect sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural. And we spread light in the areas we want to brighten only,” said Green. The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. This is great news for cities. Tel Aviv, Green’s hometown, is trying out LumiWeave in AtidimPark. The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to deal with climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” said Huldai. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy. The new fabric can be fixed at the top of bike paths, in children’s parks and in walking areas. Many of the country’s major cities are planning to choose LumiWeave. As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone - we’re creating an application,” said Green. “LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.” 1．How does the new outdoor fabric work? A．By turning household waste into clean energy. B．By providing shade and energy in an eco-friendly way. C．By changing its temperatures according to the weather. D．By using photovoltaic cells to promote the plant growth. 2．Which can be the feature of LumiWeave? A．It is very convenient to use. B．It takes up a lot of public space. C．It’s equipped with self-repair materials. D．It can tell the weather conditions faster. 3．What is Ron Huldai’s attitude towards LumiWeave? A．Intolerant. B．Skeptical. C．Dismissive. D．Supportive. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．LumiWeave may bring about safety concerns. B．LumiWeave is replaced by more intelligent devices. C．LumiWeave is being further developed for wider use. D．LumiWeave may speed up the process of urbanization. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了LumiWeave是一种创新的户外织物，通过太阳能收集和储存能量，在夜间提供照明，同时适应各种天气条件，为城市公共空间提供环保、经济的照明解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“She designed a shading fabric that carries solar photovoltaic cells. The cells collect sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. (她设计了一种携带太阳能光伏电池的遮阳织物。电池收集阳光并将能量储存在带LED的条带中。这使得这种织物在白天为公共空间遮阳。夜幕降临时，这些条带会亮起来。)”可知，这种新型户外织物通过环保的方式提供遮阳和照明功能。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. (该系统旨在适应各种天气条件，即使在三天没有阳光的情况下也能继续提供照明。此外，你只需把LumiWeave挂起来，太阳就会完成这项工作。这本身就节省了50%的建筑标准照明成本，并且节省了100%的电费。)”可知，LumiWeave可适应各种天气条件，只需安装即可，无需额外操作，节省了大量成本。这表明它使用起来非常方便。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” said Huldai. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy. (“LumiWeave将成为一个开创性的项目，”Huldai说。市长补充说，LumiWeave特别重要，因为它解决了城市地区的遮阳问题，并使用了清洁能源。)”可知，Ron Huldai认为LumiWeave富有开创性，并强调它解决了城市遮阳和使用清洁能源的优势。这表明他对LumiWeave持支持态度。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone - we’re creating an application,” said Green. (由于这种面料也可以用于餐馆和酒店的户外休息区，Green开发了一款LumiWeave遮阳伞。Green说：“我们现在正在开发通过手机控制它的可能性——我们正在开发一个应用程序。”)”可知，Green在开发LumiWeave的更多用途，包括餐馆和酒店的户外遮阳伞，并且计划通过手机应用程序控制。这表明LumiWeave正在被进一步开发以获得更广泛的应用。故选C项。 【江苏·阅读·说明文09】（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）In a paper published in the journal The Reading Teacher, researchers show that students can learn just as much from a good novel as they can from a good textbook. By reading selections from fiction and non-fiction books, the researchers found that students learned the same amount about a particular period of history. But those who read fiction were better able to empathize with characters. The study was designed and led by Meredyth Dwyer, a child and youth counselor. For the study, 41 students aged between 9 and 12 were separated into two groups. Dwyer read aloud three passages from Bud, Not Buddy, a novel set during the Great Depression. Dwyer incorporated (包含) additional facts into the novel to ensure it contained the same historical facts as the non-fiction text. For the non-fiction group, she read passages from the textbook What Was the Great Depression?. Dwyer read to the groups four times over the course of one week for 25 minutes at a time. The students then filled out a series of questionnaires. They recorded the extent of the students’ empathy with the characters and their feelings about wanting to help them. The questionnaires also considered the students overall enjoyment and transportability, i.e., whether they felt that they had been transported by the story into another time and place. Children in the fiction group reported that the more they felt transported into the novel, the more likely they were to take on others’ views. Also, they expressed a strong desire to help the characters and reported higher listening enjoyment. By comparison, students in the non-fiction group reported a connection between transportability and overall enjoyment, but not with empathy. Both groups reported knowing more about the Great Depression after the listening activities than they did before. “This study can greatly guide teaching even though it’s based on a relatively small population. Bringing history to life through fiction allows students to see the world from characters points of view,” says Martin-Chang, a professor in the Department of Education. 1．What can be the most helpful in understanding historical figures? A．Official reports. B．Research papers. C．Historical novels. D．History textbooks 2．What did Dwyer take into consideration when designing the study? A．Children’s interest. B．Timely after-school reviews. C．Common factual information. D．Students’ family backgrounds. 3．What’s the main purpose of the questionnaires? A．To check children’s knowledge of American history. B．To seek surprising facts behind the Great Depression. C．To collect different opinions about personal enjoyment. D．To test children’s ability to connect with historical characters. 4．How did children in the fiction group differ from those in the non-fiction group? A．They got more pleasure from listening. B．They were much better at listening. C．They preferred to write historical novels. D．They gained more knowledge of history. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现好的小说也可以帮助孩子学习，介绍了研究开展的经过以及有关发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“By reading selections from fiction and non-fiction books, the researchers found that students learned the same amount about a particular period of history. But those who read fiction were better able to empathize with characters.(通过阅读小说和非小说类书籍的选段，研究人员发现，学生们对某一特定历史时期的了解是相同的。但那些读小说的人更能与人物产生共鸣)”可知，历史小说对理解历史人物最有帮助。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dwyer incorporated additional facts into the novel to ensure it contained the same historical facts as the non-fiction text.( Dwyer在小说中加入了额外的事实，以确保它包含与非小说文本相同的历史事实)”可知，Dwyer在设计这项研究时考虑了常见的事实信息。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The students then filled out a series of questionnaires. They recorded the extent of the students’ empathy with the characters and their feelings about wanting to help them. The questionnaires also considered the students overall enjoyment and transportability, i.e., whether they felt that they had been transported by the story into another time and place.(然后，学生们填写了一系列问卷。他们记录了学生们对角色的同情程度，以及他们想要帮助角色的感受。问卷还考虑了学生的整体享受和可转移性，即，他们是否觉得自己被故事带到另一个时间和地点)”可知，问卷调查的主要目的是测试孩子与历史人物联系的能力。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Children in the fiction group reported that the more they felt transported into the novel, the more likely they were to take on others’ views. Also, they expressed a strong desire to help the characters and reported higher listening enjoyment. By comparison, students in the non-fiction group reported a connection between transportability and overall enjoyment, but not with empathy.(小说组的孩子报告说，他们越是沉浸在小说中，就越有可能接受别人的观点。此外，他们表达了帮助角色的强烈愿望，并报告了更高的聆听乐趣。相比之下，非小说组的学生报告说，可移动性和整体享受之间存在联系，但与移情无关)”可知，小说组的孩子和非小说组的孩子的不同在于他们从倾听中得到更多的乐趣。故选A。 【江苏·阅读·说明文10】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Fields ranging from robotics to medicine to political science are attempting to train AI systems to make meaningful decisions of all kinds. Unfortunately, teaching an AI system to make good decisions is no easy task. In the case of traffic, a model might struggle to control a set of intersections with varying speed limits, numbers of lanes, or traffic patterns. To boost the reliability of models for complex tasks, MIT researchers have developed a more efficient algorithm to train AI systems for complex decision-making tasks, such as traffic signal control. The new algorithm, known as Model-Based Transfer Learning (MBTL), strategically selects the best tasks for training an AI agent to perform effectively across a collection of related tasks. This approach maximizes performance while keeping training costs low. Traditionally, engineers train algorithms for traffic lights at multiple intersections by either training one algorithm per intersection independently or training a single, larger algorithm using data from all intersections. The first method is time-consuming and data-intensive, while the second often results in subpar performance. Cathy Wu, a senior author and member of MIT's Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS) , explains that their method finds a middle ground. “We wondered if we could train on a subset of tasks, apply the result to all tasks, and still see a performance increase,” Wu says. MBTL models how well each algorithm would perform if trained independently and how its performance would degrade when transferred to other tasks, a concept known as generalization performance. By explicitly modeling generalization performance, MBTL estimates the value of training on new tasks. It selects tasks in sequence, starting with those that offer the highest performance gain, then chooses additional tasks that provide the most significant marginal improvements to overall performance. This focus on the most promising tasks dramatically improves training efficiency. The MBTL algorithm has two components: one that models individual task performance and another that models the degradation of performance when transferred to other tasks. This dual approach allows for a more nuanced (微妙的) understanding of how to train AI agents effectively. In the future, the researchers plan to design MBTL algorithms that can extend to more complex problems, such as high-dimensional task spaces. They are also interested in applying their approach to real-world problems, especially in next-generation mobility systems. 1．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Researchers are working on the plan to promote the extensive application of MBTL. B．Researchers have selected some best AI models to make good decisions. C．Researchers have figured out the ways to improve the efficiency of AI decision-making. D．Researchers manage to find a middle ground when training AI to make good decisions. 2．What does the underlined word “subpar” in paragraph 3 mean? A．inferior B．substantial C．unexpected D．superb 3．What is the most distinctive feature of MBTL compared to the traditional algorithms? A．It can perform multiple tasks at a time. B．It is designed to keep the costs low. C．It features generalization performance. D．It makes the algorithm much more accessible. 4．What are the Paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly about? A．The functions of MBTL. B．The fundamentals of MBTL. C．The components of MBTL. D．The generalization performance of MBTL. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员研发了一种更有效的算法来训练人工智能系统进行复杂的决策任务，文章分析了新算法的基本原理和优点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To boost the reliability of models for complex tasks, MIT researchers have developed a more efficient algorithm to train AI systems for complex decision-making tasks, such as traffic signal control.(为了提高模型对复杂任务的可靠性，麻省理工学院的研究人员已经研发了一种更有效的算法来训练人工智能系统进行复杂的决策任务，如交通信号控制)”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员已经研发了一种更有效的算法来训练人工智能进行复杂的决策任务，故可推知研究人员已经找到了提高人工智能决策效率的方法，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章划线词subpar前文的内容“The first method is time-consuming and data-intensive, while the second(第一种方法耗时且数据密集，而第二种方法)”可知，划线词前文提到第一种方法和第二种方法的对比，第一种方法耗时且数据密集，故此处划线词subpar与A项“inferior (较差的，低等的)”意思相近，而第二种方法则带来较差的性能，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“MBTL models how well each algorithm would perform if trained independently and how its performance would degrade when transferred to other tasks, a concept known as generalization performance.(MBTL模拟了如果独立训练，每个算法的性能会有多好，以及当转移到其他任务时，其性能会如何下降，这一概念被称之为泛化性能)”可知，MBTL模拟了如果独立训练，每个算法的性能会有多好，以及当转移到其他任务时，其性能会如何下降，这一概念被称之为泛化性能，故与传统的算法相比，MBTL以泛化性能为特点，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段首句“MBTL models how well each algorithm would perform if trained independently and how its performance would degrade when transferred to other tasks, a concept known as generalization performance. (MBTL模拟了如果独立训练，每个算法的性能会有多好，以及当转移到其他任务时，其性能会如何下降，这一概念被称之为泛化性能)”和第六段首句“The MBTL algorithm has two components: one that models individual task performance and another that models the degradation of performance when transferred to other tasks.( MBTL算法有两个部分：一个对单个任务的性能进行建模，另一个对转移到其他任务时的性能下降进行建模)”可知，第五段主要介绍了MBTL模拟的泛化性能，模拟了如果独立训练，每个算法的性能会有多好，以及当转移到其他任务时，其性能会如何下降；而第六段则介绍了MBTL算法的成分，故这两段主要介绍了MBTL的基本原理，故选B。 【江苏·阅读·说明文11】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Coral adaptation to ocean warming and marine heatwaves will likely be overwhelmed without rapid reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, warn an international team of scientists. Led by Dr. Liam Lachs of Newcastle University, the study indicates that coral heat tolerance adaptation via natural selection could keep pace with ocean warming if the Paris Agreement commitments are realized, limiting global warming to 2℃. The researchers studied corals in Palau, developing an eco-evolutionary simulation model that incorporates thermal and evolutionary biology data, as well as ecology. Published in Science, the study simulates the consequences of global development and fossil fuel usage scenarios created by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Prof. Peter Mumby, a co-author, notes that without Paris Agreement commitments, the world could warm by 3-5 degrees by century’s end, making natural selection insufficient for the survival of sensitive coral species. “We can still have fairly healthy corals in the future, but this requires more aggressive reductions in global emissions and strategic reef management,” he says. Dr. Lachs explains that with current policies, we are on track for 3°C warming, where natural selection for heat tolerance could determine coral survival. “From our modeling, we expect profound reductions in reef health and an elevated risk of local extinction for thermally sensitive species,” he adds, acknowledging uncertainty in coral “evolvability”. Dr. James Guest, another co-author, stresses the urgent need for climate-smart management options. “We need actions that maximize genetic adaptation potential and explore increasing adaptation likelihood in wild populations,” he says, suggesting targeted assisted evolution interventions to improve heat tolerance through selective breeding. Coral reefs, remarkably diverse and crucial marine ecosystems, could see some offset in projected loss of functioning and biodiversity if rapid climate action is achieved, according to the study’s models. “Genetic adaptation could play a role in preserving coral reef ecosystems, but only if we take immediate and significant steps to address climate change,” Dr. Lachs concludes. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards coral adaptation? A．Neutral. B．Overwhelmed C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 2．What is the purpose of developing eco-evolutionary simulation model in the study? A．To illustrate the interdependence between governments and measures taken to protect the ecosystem. B．To make a simulation of possible effects of global warming on coral survival. C．To provide evidence for effects of implementing the Paris Agreement commitments. D．To support the argument that corals are dying out. 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Uncertainty is evitable if nature takes its course. B．Paris Agreement commitments have worked well to protect the biodiversity in the ecosystem. C．The survival of diverse coral reefs relies heavily on climate action. D．Natural selection might be adequate for coral reefs with low heat tolerance to survive. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To call for public attention to the preservation of ocean biodiversity. B．To persuade both individuals and organizations to protect the coral reefs. C．To appeal for rapid action to protect the ecosystem. D．To urge immediate evolution interventions to protect coral diversity. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个国际科学家小组警告说，如果不迅速减少全球温室气体的排放，珊瑚对海洋变暖和海洋热浪的适应可能会不堪重负，如果实现快速的气候行动，可以挽救珊瑚礁的功能和生物多样性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Coral adaptation to ocean warming and marine heatwaves will likely be overwhelmed without rapid reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, warn an international team of scientists. Led by Dr. Liam Lachs of Newcastle University, the study indicates that coral heat tolerance adaptation via natural selection could keep pace with ocean warming if the Paris Agreement commitments are realized, limiting global warming to 2℃.(一组国际科学家小组警告说，如果不迅速减少全球温室气体的排放，珊瑚对海洋变暖和海洋热浪的适应可能会不堪重负。由Newcastle大学的Liam博士领导的这项研究表明，如果实现《巴黎协定》的承诺，将全球变暖限制在2℃以内，珊瑚通过自然选择进行的耐热性适应，可以跟上海洋变暖的步伐)”可知，作者通过专家小组的警告表明，如果不迅速减少全球温室气体的排放，珊瑚对海洋变暖和海洋热浪的适应可能会不堪重负，因此作者对珊瑚的适应能力是担心的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers studied corals in Palau, developing an eco-evolutionary simulation model that incorporates thermal and evolutionary biology data, as well as ecology. Published in Science, the study simulates the consequences of global development and fossil fuel usage scenarios created by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.(研究人员研究了Palau的珊瑚，开发了一个生态净化模拟模型，该模型结合了热和进化生物学数据以及生态学。该研究发表在《科学》杂志上，模拟了气候变化政府间专门委员会创建的全球发展和化石燃料使用的情景的后果)”可知，该模型模拟了全球发展和化石燃料使用的情景的后果，故其目的是为了模拟全球变暖对珊瑚生存的可能影响，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Prof. Peter Mumby, a co-author, notes that without Paris Agreement commitments, the world could warm by 3-5 degrees by century’s end, making natural selection insufficient for the survival of sensitive coral species. “We can still have fairly healthy corals in the future, but this requires more aggressive reductions in global emissions and strategic reef management,” he says.(合著者Peter Mumby教授指出，如果没有《巴黎协定》的承诺，到本世纪末，世界可能会变暖3-5度，使自然选择不足以维持敏感珊瑚物种的生存。他说到：“未来我们仍然可以拥有相当健康的珊瑚，但这需要更积极地减少全球排放和战略性的珊瑚礁管理”)”可知，未来可以拥有相当健康的珊瑚，但这需要人们更积极地减少全球排放和战略性的珊瑚礁管理，故各种珊瑚礁的生存很大程度上依赖于气候行动，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Coral reefs, remarkably diverse and crucial marine ecosystems, could see some offset in projected loss of functioning and biodiversity if rapid climate action is achieved, according to the study’s models.(根据该研究的模型，珊瑚礁是一个非常多样化和重要的海洋生态系统，如果实现快速的气候行动，预计其功能和生物多样性的丧失可能会得到一些抵消)”可知，文章首段提出了珊瑚面临的问题，本段则提到如果实现快速的气候行动，可以挽救珊瑚礁的功能和生物多样性，故文章的目的是为了督促立即采取行动干预措施，以保护珊瑚的多样性，故选D。 【江苏·阅读·说明文12】（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）The ancient Romans are well-known for their engineering techniques, notably demonstrated through the construction of aqueducts (高架渠) and the use of pozzolanic concrete. The properties of this concrete have generally been credited to its ingredients: pozzolana (a mix of volcanic ash) and lime (石灰). When mixed with water, the two materials can react to produce strong concrete. In 2023, a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) uncovered new findings regarding the composition and mixing techniques of Roman concrete. Traditionally, the presence of small lime clasts (碎屑) in the concrete was due to poor mixing, but that did not make sense to Admir Masic, a scientist of MIT. “If the Romans put so much effort into making an outstanding construction material, following all of the detailed recipes that had been optimized over the course of many centuries, why would they put so little effort into ensuring the production of a well-mixed final product? There has to be more to this story.” To investigate further, Masic and the team analyzed ancient concrete samples from Privernum, Italy, using advanced imaging techniques. Their findings challenge the conventional belief that slaked lime (熟石灰) was the primary ingredient. Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.” This method not only produced unique high-temperature compounds but also accelerated curing and setting time, facilitating quicker construction. A significant advantage of this hot mixing process is the self-healing characteristics given by the lime clasts. When cracks develop, water seeps in and interacts with the clasts, which are larger in surface area than surrounding particles. This reaction generates calcium-rich solutions that harden into calcium carbonate, effectively sealing the cracks, This phenomenon has been observed in other ancient Roman structures, reconfirming the durability of their concrete. The MIT team conducted experiments using both ancient and modern concrete recipes with quicklime, finding that the quicklime concrete completely healed within two weeks after cracking, while control samples without quicklime remained damaged. With these insights, researchers aim to develop more environmentally friendly and durable concrete options, potentially revolutionizing modern construction practices. 1．What misconception about Roman concrete did Masic challenge? A．Volcanic ash was the primary ingredient. B．Ancient Roman structures were not durable. C．Presence of lime clasts indicated inadequate mixing. D．Romans merely used volcanic ash and lime for their concrete. 2．What does “hot mixing” involve? A．Mixing materials at low temperatures. B．Using slaked lime only in the mixture. C．Adding water to quicklime at high temperatures. D．Combining quicklime, volcanic ash and water at high temperatures. 3．What does the research imply for modern construction practices? A．Lime should not be contained in modern concrete. B．Modern techniques for durability can be employed. C．Quicklime can be used to reduce construction time. D．Sustainable and durable concrete alternatives are needed. 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The Secrets of Roman Concrete B．The Role of Engineers in Ancient Rome C．The Importance of Aqueducts in Roman Architecture D．Modern Construction Techniques Inspired by Ancient Rome 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院（MIT）的一个研究团队对古罗马混凝土成分和混合技术的新发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Traditionally, the presence of small lime clasts (碎屑) in the concrete was due to poor mixing, but that did not make sense to Admir Masic, a scientist of MIT.(传统上，混凝土中存在小石灰碎屑是由于搅拌不充分，但这对麻省理工学院的科学家Admir Masic来说并不合逻辑)”可知，Masic挑战的是石灰碎屑的存在表明混合不充分。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.”(相反，罗马人可能在高温下直接使用生石灰与火山灰和水混合，这一过程被称为“热混合”)”可知，“热混合”包括在高温下将生石灰、火山灰和水混合。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With these insights, researchers aim to develop more environmentally friendly and durable concrete options, potentially revolutionizing modern construction practices.(有了这些见解，研究人员的目标是开发更环保和耐用的混凝土选择，有可能彻底改变现代建筑实践)”可推知，这项研究对现代建筑实践的启示是需要可持续和耐用的混凝土替代品。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Their findings challenge the conventional belief that slaked lime (熟石灰) was the primary ingredient. Instead, it appears that the Romans may have used quicklime (生石灰) mixed directly with pozzolana and water at high temperatures, a process termed “hot mixing.” This method not only produced unique high-temperature compounds but also accelerated curing and setting time, facilitating quicker construction.(他们的发现挑战了石灰是主要成分的传统观念。相反，罗马人可能在高温下直接使用生石灰与火山灰和水混合，这一过程被称为“热混合”。这种方法不仅可以产生独特的高温化合物，而且可以加快固化和凝固时间，加快施工速度)”可知，本文主要讲的是麻省理工学院（MIT）的一个研究团队对古罗马混凝土成分和混合技术的新发现。由此可知，A选项“The Secrets of Roman Concrete(罗马混凝土的秘密)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 【江苏·阅读·说明文13】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）For decades, weight-loss drugs have been a disappointment, delivering ineffective or even dangerous treatments. The recent arrival of drugs that are both effective and safe is therefore a medical milestone. Some now talk of a long-term future in which obesity might be cured. That is no small claim: Obesity is a serious global problem, affecting about 14 percent of the world’s population. Two companies, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, are battling for a potential $77 billion market by 2030 with their drugs, Wegovy and Mounjaro, which are going to be massive hits. But they won’t be the only competitors. The size of the market is attracting a lot of competition and innovation. More than 70 other obesity treatments are in development. Most firms are chasing the same idea, namely glucagon-like peptide l (GLP-1), which imitates the hormones (激素) the body produces after a meal, thus regulating glucose (葡萄糖) in the blood. This is why GLP-1 drugs work so well in treating diabetes (糖尿病). Unexpectedly, though, GLP-1 drugs also work on weight loss. They do this by slowing down the emptying rate of the stomach, keeping people fuller for longer. They also affect the brain’s hypothalamus, which controls hunger, and may increase fat breakdown. Raymond Stevens, the boss of Structure Therapeutics, says the challenge is to ensure the patients tolerate the medicine and find it easy to use. A number of biotech firms, including his are chasing oral versions of GLP-1 drugs, which will be cheaper to make and deliver, and will be more tolerated by patients, who don’t like injecting themselves. While the drugs are generally regarded as safe, there are risks of complications (并发症). Another problem is durability (耐久性). The drugs have to be taken continuously to keep weight off. Amgen, which is developing a longer-lasting drug, will get results from Phase II trials later this year. A recent paper on Wegovy showed that the drug can reduce the risk of cardiovascular (管的) diseases by 20 percent. Given widely, weight-loss injections in America could prevent hundreds of thousands of heart failures. More data on the obesity medicines will support the case for prescribing these drugs. For now, the revolution is just beginning. 1．What does paragraph 1 aim to introduce? A．The security of obesity. B．The future of medicine. C．A breakthrough in the medical field. D．The ineffectiveness of diet drugs. 2．What can be learned about GLP-1 drugs? A．They were originally used to treat diabetes. B．They can improve the mobility of the stomach. C．They will take the place of Wegovy and Mounjaro. D．They are currently available mainly in oral versions. 3．Why is Amgen mentioned in the last but one paragraph? A．To show the risks of complications. B．To describe the difficulty of the research process. C．To present efforts made to improve the drugs. D．To introduce the usage of the drugs. 4．What does the author want to do in the last paragraph? A．Show doctors’ feedback on the drug. B．Demonstrate the promise of the drug. C．Call attention to the problem of obesity. D．Ask for more supporting data on the drug. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了减肥药物的历史问题、最近取得的突破进展以及未来的发展前景。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The recent arrival of drugs that are both effective and safe is therefore a medical milestone.(最近出现的既有效又安全的药物是医学上的一个里程碑。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了医学领域的突破。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This is why GLP-1 drugs work so well in treating diabetes.(这就是为什么GLP-1药物在治疗糖尿病方面效果如此好的原因。)”可知，GLP-1药物最初是用于治疗糖尿病。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Amgen, which is developing a longer-lasting drug, will get results from Phase II trials later this year.(Amgen正在研发一种持续时间更长的药物，今年晚些时候将获得二期试验结果。)”可知，提到Amgen是为了展示为改进药物所做的努力。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“More data on the obesity medicines will support the case for prescribing these drugs. For now, the revolution is just beginning.(更多关于减肥药的数据将支持开这些药的理由。目前，这场革命才刚刚开始。)”可推知，作者在最后一段想要展示药物的前景。故选B。 【江苏·阅读·说明文14】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）After college, in 1969. I got a job in the office furniture industry and sold a small room marketed as having “speech privacy”. It didn’t work — people could overhear each other — but nobody knew why the design failed, or how to fix it. A couple of years later, in Minneapolis, I founded what’s now Orfield Laboratories, a multi-sensory research center, to tackle problems like these. We can test everything from consumer response to the sound of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle to how lights in retirement homes affect elderly residents’ cognitive functioning. But the lab is best known for its anechoic chamber — a room that allows no sound to be reflected off its inner surfaces. It absorbs 100 percent of sound waves at specific frequencies, so you can understand exactly what noise a product will make. It’s a six-sided box made of 4-inch-thick steel panels. Every surface is then covered in fiberglass wedges (楔形物) that are 3.2 feet deep. The whole system floats independently on springs. That structure is then enclosed twice, including by a layer of 12-inch-thick concrete. Most such chambers around today are about 30 decibels (分贝), similar to a quiet bedroom. Ours averages at about negative 13. That means any sound waves still present in the space are far below what most human cars can sense. People come from all over the world to tour our facility and step into the chamber. It’s sort of like being an astronaut. With the lights out, you can’t position yourself because you cannot see or hear. Folks stand still, and some even fall over. Within 10 minutes, your ears start making a continuous low sound, and after 30, you can hear your heart beating. I don’t go in often. I have a mechanical heart valve (瓣膜), and I cannot stand the movement of its machine like clicks for too long. 1．What did the author do right after graduation? A．He worked as a salesperson. B．He did research on speech privacy. C．He established Orfield Laboratories. D．He made a living by fixing furniture. 2．What is one feature of the lab’s anechoic chamber? A．It is around 30 decibels. B．It looks like an irregular box. C．It is lined with 1-inch-thick fiberglass. D．It is made of thick sound-absorbing walls. 3．How might the author feel after staying at the chamber for half an hour? A．Inspired. B．Awful. C．Peaceful. D．Sleepy. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．A research center is little known to the public B．Why decibels matter in the anechoic chamber C．A room is so quiet that you can hear your heart beating D．How Orfield Laboratories aids you in being an astronaut 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了奥非尔德实验室的无回声室及其特征和体验。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“After college, in 1969, I got a job in the office furniture industry and sold a small room marketed as having “speech privacy”.(大学毕业后，1969年，我在办公家具行业找到了一份工作，销售一个标榜有‘语言隐私’的小房间)”可知，作者毕业后首先从事的是销售工作。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s a six-sided box made of 4-inch-thick steel panels. Every surface is then covered in fiberglass wedges (楔形物) that are 3.2 feet deep. The whole system floats independently on springs. That structure is then enclosed twice, including by a layer of 12-inch-thick concrete.(它是一个六面体盒子，由4英寸厚的钢板制成。每个表面随后覆盖有3.2英尺深的玻璃纤维楔块。整个系统独立漂浮在弹簧上。该结构然后被两次封闭，包括一层12英寸厚的混凝土)”可知，实验室的无回声室是由厚厚的吸音墙组成的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Within 10 minutes, your ears start making a continuous low sound, and after 30, you can hear your heart beating. I don’t go in often. I have a mechanical heart valve (瓣膜), and I cannot stand the movement of its machine like clicks for too long.(10分钟内，你的耳朵开始发出持续的低音，30分钟后，你可以听到自己的心跳声。我不经常进去。我有一个机械心脏瓣膜，不能忍受它像机器一样的咔嗒声太久)”可推知，作者在无回声室待半小时后会感到难受。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段“Within 10 minutes, your ears start making a continuous low sound, and after 30, you can hear your heart beating.(10分钟内，你的耳朵开始发出持续的低音，30分钟后，你可以听到自己的心跳声)”可知，短文主要介绍了奥非尔德实验室的无回声室及其特征和体验。文章的最佳标题为“一个如此安静的房间，你可以听到自己的心跳”更为贴切。故选C。 【江苏·阅读·说明文15】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·阶段练习）Picture this: you’re at the grocery store, feeling satisfied as you reach for the low-fat yogurt. But then, you find yourself grabbing a pack of sugary cookies. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. To study the complex dance of healthy and unhealthy choices, a research team conducted two studies. In Study 1, they analyzed real-world purchase data from over 5,000 shopping trips at a large Dutch supermarket chain. Using handheld scanners, shoppers scanned each product as they selected it, allowing the researchers to track the exact sequence of their choices. In Study 2, they invited 504 shoppers in the U.S. to participate in an online grocery shopping simulation (模拟). Participants made 25 product choices across various categories. Across both studies, a clear “balancing act” pattern appeared: the relative healthiness of an initial product choice was inversely (成反比地) related to the relative healthiness of the next choice. In other words, a healthier choice was typically followed by an unhealthier one, and vice versa (反之亦然). The researchers also found that, in the real-world shopping data, healthier choices were balanced out more than unhealthier ones. However, in the online experiment, the opposite was true―unhealthier choices led to more obvious balancing. The studies did not account for how much of each product shoppers purchased or consumed. It’s possible that the balancing of healthy and unhealthy choices extends beyond just product selection to serving sizes and consumption quantities as well. Additionally, the studies were limited to Dutch and American consumers. The generalizability of the findings to other cultures and food environments remains to be tested. This research is a reminder that our food choices don’t happen in isolation. They’re influenced by our previous decisions in ways we may not even realize. Being aware of this balancing tendency could help shoppers make more consistently healthy choices. You can run your own version of the study by paying attention to your shopping habits next time you make a grocery run. Being more mindful of your habit may lead you to make greater efforts to make healthier choices more consistently. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．A general rule when shoppers make food choices. B．The strategy of grocery stores to get customers to spend. C．Factors that influence people’s choice of food when shopping. D．The difference between online shopping and offline shopping. 2．What can be learned from the new study? A．People are more likely to spend more when shopping online. B．People are more likely to choose healthy foods when shopping online. C．People are easily affected by the order in which food is placed in stores. D．People buy a rough balance of healthy and unhealthy foods when shopping. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the studies? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the author’s advice in the last paragraph? A．Be more aware of our own shopping habits. B．Make a shopping list before we go shopping. C．Cut down on shopping time as much as possible. D．Do some research on healthy and unhealthy foods. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于健康与不健康选择之间复杂互动关系的研究，向读者传递了关于购物习惯和食品选择的重要信息。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Across both studies, a clear “balancing act” pattern appeared: the relative healthiness of an initial product choice was inversely (成反比地) related to the relative healthiness of the next choice. In other words, a healthier choice was typically followed by an unhealthier one, and vice versa (反之亦然).(在这两项研究中，都出现了一个明显的“平衡行为”模式：一种产品选择的相对健康程度与下一个选择的相对健康程度成反比。换句话说，一个更健康的选择通常会被一个不太健康的选择所跟随，反之亦然。)”可知，这项新研究主要是关于购物者选择食物时的规律。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers also found that, in the real-world shopping data, healthier choices were balanced out more than unhealthier ones. However, in the online experiment, the opposite was true―unhealthier choices led to more obvious balancing.(研究人员还发现，在真实世界的购物数据中，健康选择被平衡的程度超过了不健康选择。然而，在线实验中却出现了相反的情况——不健康的选择导致了更明显的平衡。)”可知，无论是线上还是线下购物，健康和不健康食品的选择之间都存在一种平衡，即人们在购物时会购买大致相同数量的健康和不健康食品，而不是更有可能花更多钱、更有可能选择健康食品或更容易受到食品摆放顺序的影响。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开头先介绍了一个现象，即人们在购物时经常会在健康与不健康之间做出选择，接下来通过介绍一项新研究，包括研究方法和研究结果，揭示了人们在购物时倾向于在健康与不健康选择之间进行平衡的现象，并探讨了这种现象的可能原因和影响因素。作者只是客观地描述了这项研究的发现。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“You can run your own version of the study by paying attention to your shopping habits next time you make a grocery run. Being more mindful of your habit may lead you to make greater efforts to make healthier choices more consistently.(下次你去杂货店购物时，可以关注自己的购物习惯，亲自进行这项研究的一个版本。更加注意自己的习惯可能会让你更加努力地做出更健康且更一致的选择。)”可知，最后一段中，作者强调了人们要更加注意自己的购物习惯，以便做出更健康的选择，而不是建议人们列购物清单、减少购物时间或对健康和不健康食品进行研究。故选A。 【江苏·阅读·说明文16】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）Every year during Halloween, it’s likely homes around the neighborhood will put up some spider webs as their spooky (恐怖的) decorations. But people were asked to stop using fake spider webs last year because they pose a huge danger to natural wildlife. The fake webbing is considered a danger to birds, bats and other small animals as they are often attracted to the decoration and get caught, resulting in injuries or sometimes even death. What’s more, when blown around by the wind, fake Halloween spider webs often end up in public spaces like parks and beaches, attracting wildlife. Since they are not biodegradable (可生物降解的), they can linger for months or even years, posing a continuous threat to the environment and animals. Last year, government authorities actively used social media to warn about the dangers posed by popular Halloween decorations. One post advised: “Please avoid using fake spider webs when decorating your home. They can be very harmful to wildlife, especially birds, which often mistake spider silk for building their nests and cannot distinguish between real and synthetic webbing. This can lead to birds and their young becoming entangled, along with bats, insects and other wildlife.” The Paws & Recover Facebook group posted a reminder about the dangers of synthetic webbing, generating over 700 comments from people expressing how much they loathe the decoration due to the great harm it causes to precious wildlife. Wildlife experts have urged people to use larger, safer decorations that don’t endanger animals. Compassionate individuals have also shared advice online. “Here I am, ready to spoil your Halloween decorating fun! PLEASE DO NOT USE FAKE SPIDER WEBS OUTSIDE,” a woman cautioned, sharing her photos. Another suggested, “If you’re looking for decorating ideas, consider reusing or repurposing items you already own.” 1．What is the problem with fake spider webs? A．They are not visually appealing. B．They break down easily. C．They pose a risk to wildlife. D．They are difficult to clean up. 2．Why did local officials share posts on social media? A．To raise people’s awareness of fake webbing issues. B．To warn people about the danger of Halloween decorations. C．To respond to people’s concerns on environment. D．To promote bird protection practices. 3．What does the underlined word “loathe” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Ignore. B．Choose. C．Hate. D．Frighten. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for this text? A．Abandon dangerous Halloween decorations. B．Restore the losing wildlife habitats. C．Celebrate Halloween responsibly. D．Stop using fake spider webs for Halloween. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了停止使用万圣节假蜘蛛网装饰的原因，因为这些装饰对野生动物构成威胁。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But people were asked to stop using fake spider webs last year because they pose a huge danger to natural wildlife.(但去年人们被要求停止使用假蜘蛛网，因为它们对自然野生动物构成巨大危险)”可知，假蜘蛛网的问题是假蜘蛛网对野生动物构成威胁。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Last year, government authorities actively used social media to warn about the dangers posed by popular Halloween decorations.(去年，政府当局积极利用社交媒体警告流行的万圣节装饰品带来的危险)”可推知，当地官员在社交媒体上发布帖子是为了提高人们对假蜘蛛网问题的认识。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词的前面“The Paws & Recover Facebook group posted a reminder about the dangers of synthetic webbing(Pawscamp;Recover脸书群组发布了关于合成织带危险的提醒)”以及后面“due to the great harm it causes to precious wildlife(由于它对珍贵的野生动物造成了极大的危害)”可知，Pawscamp;Recover脸书群组发布了关于合成织带危险的提醒，这引发了700多条评论，人们表达了他们对这种装饰的厌恶，因为它对珍贵的野生动物造成了极大的伤害。所以划线单词的意思为“憎恨”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“But people were asked to stop using fake spider webs last year because they pose a huge danger to natural wildlife.(但去年人们被要求停止使用假蜘蛛网，因为它们对自然野生动物构成巨大危险)”以及最后一段“Wildlife experts have urged people to use larger, safer decorations that don’t endanger animals.(野生动物专家敦促人们使用更大、更安全的装饰品，以免危及动物)”可知，本文主要讲述了停止使用万圣节假蜘蛛网装饰的原因，因为这些装饰对野生动物构成威胁，并建议人们使用更大、更安全的装饰。因此“停止在万圣节使用假蜘蛛网”最符合文章标题。故选D。 【江苏·阅读·说明文17】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）The way different languages sound may depend on the geography of the landscape on which they’re spoken, new research suggests. A study of more than 550 languages around the world found that tongues spoken in high-altitude regions contain more sounds called “ejective consonants”, sounds made with a burst of air, than languages closer to sea level. Ejectives may be more common in these regions because the sounds are easier to produce there, or possibly because they minimize water loss from the mouth in dry, high-altitude environments, said study author Caleb Everett, an anthropological (人类学的) linguist at the University of Miami. Traditionally, linguists have assumed that geography doesn’t play a role in shaping languages, with the exception of vocabulary specific to certain environments or wildlife. A handful of small studies have suggested that languages in warm climates use more vowels than languages in cold climates, but the findings are controversial. Everett set out to investigate how other aspects of geography, namely altitude, might be linked to certain sounds in a language — specifically, ejectives. Everett suspected that ejectives might be more common at high altitudes, where the lower air pressure would make them easier to produce. To test this hypothesis (假说), Everett analyzed phoneme data on 567 languages from the World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online. He compared the data to the altitudes where the languages were spoken, obtained using geographic mapping software. Languages containing ejective sounds were found to occur at or near five of the six major inhabited high-altitude regions, including in North and South America, southern Africa and Eurasia, Everett found. He theorized that languages at high altitudes may have evolved to have ejective sounds because less effort is required to produce these bursts of air in thinner atmospheres. Alternatively, speaking in ejectives might expel (排出) less water vapor from the mouth, allowing water to be conserved in typically dry high-altitude environments. Everett’s findings were based on basic calculations of the air pressure needed to make these sounds. 1．What did Everett’s study focus on? A．The effects of warm climates on language. B．The impact of high altitudes on human speech. C．The evolution of ejective consonants. D．The link between geography and language sounds. 2．What might be the reasons for more ejective consonants in languages spoken in high-altitude regions? A．They are easier to hear in thin air. B．They are related to certain wildlife. C．They help reduce water loss in the mouth. D．They are easier to produce in thick atmospheres. 3．What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The controversy surrounding Everett’s hypothesis. B．The scientific basis for Everett’s research. C．The distribution of ejective sounds. D．The research methods and findings. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A geography textbook. B．A linguistic research paper. C．An experiment report. D．A cultural magazine. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于语言发音与地理环境之间关系的研究，特别是高海拔地区语言中的挤喉音现象。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The way different languages sound may depend on the geography of the landscape on which they’re spoken, new research suggests.(一项新的研究表明，不同语言的发音方式可能取决于使用这些语言的地理环境)”和第五段“Everett set out to investigate how other aspects of geography, namely altitude, might be linked to certain sounds in a language — specifically, ejectives. Everett suspected that ejectives might be more common at high altitudes, where the lower air pressure would make them easier to produce.( Everett着手研究地理学的其他方面，特别是海拔，是如何与语言中的某些发音——特别是挤喉音——相关联的。Everett怀疑，挤喉音在高海拔地区可能更为常见，因为那里的气压较低，使得这些音更容易发出)”可知，Everett的研究重点是探讨地理学的其他方面，特别是海拔，是如何与语言中的某些发音相关联的，因此他的研究重点是地理和语言发音之间的联系。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ejectives may be more common in these regions because the sounds are easier to produce there, or possibly because they minimize water loss from the mouth in dry, high-altitude environments, said study author Caleb Everett, an anthropological (人类学的) linguist at the University of Miami. (迈阿密大学人类学语言学家、该研究的作者Caleb Everett表示，这些地区挤喉音可能更为常见，原因可能是这些音在这些地区更容易发出，或者可能是因为它们在干燥的高海拔环境中可以减少口腔水分的流失)”可知，在高海拔地区使用的语言中包含更多挤喉音的原因可能是这些音可以减少口腔水分的流失，帮助在干燥的高海拔环境中保持水分。这一结论是根据迈阿密大学人类学语言学家Caleb Everett的研究得出的。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第六段“To test this hypothesis (假说), Everett analyzed phoneme data on 567 languages from the World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online. He compared the data to the altitudes where the languages were spoken, obtained using geographic mapping software. Languages containing ejective sounds were found to occur at or near five of the six major inhabited high-altitude regions, including in North and South America, southern Africa and Eurasia, Everett found.(为了验证这一假设，Everett分析了来自《世界语言结构图谱在线》的567种语言的音素数据。他利用地理绘图软件获取了这些语言使用地区的海拔高度，并将这些数据与海拔高度进行了比较。Everett发现，包含挤喉音的语言出现在或靠近六大主要有人居住的高海拔地区中的五个，包括北美洲、南美洲、非洲南部和欧亚大陆)”可知，本段主要介绍了Everett为验证其假设所进行的研究方法和得出的发现。他分析了来自《世界语言结构图谱在线》的567种语言的音素数据，并将这些数据与海拔高度进行了比较，发现包含挤喉音的语言出现在或靠近五大主要有人居住的高海拔地区中的四个。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合根据第一段“The way different languages sound may depend on the geography of the landscape on which they’re spoken, new research suggests.(一项新的研究表明，不同语言的发音方式可能取决于使用这些语言的地理环境)”可知，文章介绍了一项关于语言发音和地理环境之间关系的研究，特别是高海拔地区语言中的挤喉音现象，因此最有可能来自一篇语言学研究论文。故选B。 【江苏·阅读·说明文18】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）Lately, it is getting harder and harder to find clothes that aren’t laced (镶边) with plastic. When you check a garment’s fabric composition, it’s not uncommon to be confronted by a list of scientific words, which refer to various types of plastic. However, too few realize that unless you’re paying close attention, most of your cupboard contains a whole lot of plastic. Often it is invisible, like the microplastics shed by synthetic (合成的) materials; while you may never see them, they have been found at the bottom of the ocean and in human blood. So why do we continue to use plastics? The main reason is, of course, cost. The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating an apparent incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. Moreover, making synthetic materials isn’t dependent on seasons or farms affected by rainfall or heatwaves, as is the case with cotton and wool. You’ve likely seen a lot of brands promoting themselves as sustainable by using plastic bottles to make their clothes. But the problem is, our plastic-based textile economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment. Textiles made from plastic fibers are responsible for microplastic fiber shedding at every stage of their lives: when they’re worn, washed, and disposed of. These microplastics enter the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Plus, clothing made from plastic bottles can actually shorten its life cycle. When a bottle is transformed into clothing, it often accelerates that bottle’s journey to the landfill because we purchase and abandon our clothing at such a rapid pace. While the hidden story of plastic in our clothes doesn’t have the happiest of endings, we can each take measures. Reduce our overall consumption of clothing and textile products and extend the life of our favorite garment. Learning to mend can be a game-changer. When we do make textile purchases, buy and wear natural fiber products, especially those originating from land-based production systems that are working to restore and build ecosystem and soil health. 1．What can we learn about plastic from the first paragraph? A．It is widely used in our clothes. B．It is impossible to enter our body. C．It is a rare material for clothing. D．It is always noticeable in clothing. 2．What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Problem. B．Difference. C．Concept. D．Motive. 3．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The marketing strategies of clothing brands. B．The sustainability of plastic bottle recycling. C．The environmental impact of plastic clothing. D．The process of making plastic-based clothes. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．We Might Consume Too Much B．Measures Benefit Consumers C．We Might Wear Plastic Bottles D．Plastics Promote Economy 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了塑料纤维在服装中的广泛使用及其对环境和健康的影响，并提到了用塑料瓶制作衣服的品牌。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Lately, it is getting harder and harder to find clothes that aren’t laced (镶边) with plastic. When you check a garment’s fabric composition, it’s not uncommon to be confronted by a list of scientific words, which refer to various types of plastic. However, too few realize that unless you’re paying close attention, most of your cupboard contains a whole lot of plastic. Often it is invisible, like the microplastics shed by synthetic (合成的) materials; while you may never see them, they have been found at the bottom of the ocean and in human blood. (最近，要找到一件没有塑料的衣服越来越难了。当你检查一件衣服的面料成分时，经常会看到一串科学词汇，这些词汇指的是各种类型的塑料。然而，很少有人意识到，除非你密切关注，否则你的橱柜里大部分都是塑料。它通常是看不见的，比如合成材料产生的微塑料；虽然你可能从未见过它们，但它们在海底和人类血液中被发现过。)”可推知这段话表明塑料在服装中的使用非常普遍，而且很多时候是不易被察觉的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“So why do we continue to use plastics? The main reason is, of course, cost. The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating an apparent incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. (那么，我们为什么还要继续使用塑料呢？主要原因当然是成本。与天然纤维相比，合成纤维的市场价格要低得多，这为时尚品牌寻找用合成纤维取代传统天然纤维的方法提供了明显的incentive。)” 可知，因为合成纤维的价格更低，因此时尚品牌有强烈的动机用合成纤维替代天然纤维。所以incentive意为“动机”和D选项的motive同义，故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But the problem is, our plastic-based textile economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment. Textiles made from plastic fibers are responsible for microplastic fiber shedding at every stage of their lives: when they’re worn, washed, and disposed of. These microplastics enter the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.(但问题是，我们以塑料为基础的纺织经济导致了不可持续的服装生产过剩，这对我们的社区和生态系统都是不健康的。塑料衣服仍然会影响我们的健康，对环境产生持久的影响。由塑料纤维制成的纺织品在其生命的每个阶段都会导致微塑料纤维脱落：当它们被穿着、洗涤和丢弃时。这些微塑料进入我们呼吸的空气、饮用的水和吃的食物)”可知本段主要讲述了塑料服装对环境的影响，包括微塑料的释放和对空气质量、水质和食品安全的影响。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章讨论了塑料纤维在服装中的广泛使用及其对环境和健康的影响，并提到了用塑料瓶制作衣服的品牌。因此，标题 “We Might Wear Plastic Bottles (我们可能在穿塑料瓶。)” 最能概括文章的核心内容。故选C。 【江苏·阅读·说明文19】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）UK researchers found that the motion capture suit technology that brings characters to life in movies like Avatar can measure the severity of two diseases. The AI system analyzes some body movements that humans cannot pick up on, enabling quicker and more affordable disease diagnoses (诊断) and drug trials. Two separate studies were published in the journal Nature Medicine this year, Both detailed how wearable motion capture suits could be helpful in research on two different genetic degenerative (退化的) diseases that have no cure. One team at Great Ormond Street Hospital tested the motion sensor suits on patients with DMD, a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. To collect movement behavior data, the patients wore motion capture suits while completing everyday activities, such as standing up from a chair. The technology predicted how their movement would be affected six months in the future much more accurately than a doctor. Similarly, a team at Imperial College London tested the motion sensor suits on patients with FA, a genetic disorder that causes progressive nervous system damage and movement problems. They found that the AI could predict the worsening of the disease over twelve months, half the time it would normally take an expert. Researchers believe that the sensors could also speed up and lower the cost of clinical trials to test out new drugs for a broad variety of conditions. In particular, it may help trials of new drugs for rare genetic disorders bring the best possible profits for the lowest possible costs. One of the scientists who came up with the idea, Professor Aldo Faisal, believes that the technology of the motion sensor detectors “has the capability to transform clinical trials as well as improve diagnosis and monitoring for patients.” Professor Paola Giunti also said: “We will be able to try more drugs with fewer patients at a lower cost.” Following the success of the two studies, researchers are currently seeking approval from the authority for the use of motion capture for drug trials for FA and DMD．They are also gathering data for the new technology’s use with other diseases, which has far-reaching implications. 1．What is an application of the motion capture suit technology in medicine? A．Seeking a new cure for degenerative diseases. B．Enabling doctors to diagnose more diseases. C．Predicting how soon the patients will recover. D．Testing the effectiveness of some new drugs. 2．How did researchers find the worsening tendency for patients? A．By observing their daily motion. B．By analyzing their movement data. C．By developing their moving habit. D．By measuring their walking distance. 3．Which of the following can best describe the motion capture suit technology? A．Costly and time-consuming B．Complex and effective. C．Accurate and cost-effective. D．Advanced and popular. 4．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph about the new technology? A．Its appeal to the authority. B．Possibilities of its practical use. C．Concern over future studies D．Researchers with new visions. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动作捕捉技术可以应用于测试新药，且更为准确和性价比高。 1．细节理解题。根据第五段“Researchers believe that the sensors could also speed up and lower the cost of clinical trials to test out new drugs for a broad variety of conditions. In particular, it may help trials of new drugs for rare genetic disorders bring the best possible profits for the lowest possible costs.(研究人员认为，这种传感器还可以加快临床试验的速度，降低临床试验的成本，以测试针对各种疾病的新药。特别是，它可能有助于治疗罕见遗传疾病的新药试验，以尽可能低的成本带来尽可能高的利润)”可知，动作捕捉技术在医学上的应用是测试一些新药的有效性。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To collect movement behavior data, the patients wore motion capture suits while completing everyday activities, such as standing up from a chair.(为了收集运动行为数据，患者在完成日常活动（如从椅子上站起来）时穿着动作捕捉服)”可知，研究人员通过分析运动数据发现患者病情恶化的趋势。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The technology predicted how their movement would be affected six months in the future much more accurately than a doctor.(这项技术比医生更准确地预测未来六个月他们的运动将受到怎样的影响)”以及倒数第二段“Professor Paola Giunti also said: “We will be able to try more drugs with fewer patients at a lower cost.”(Paola Giunti教授也表示：“我们将能够以更低的成本，用更少的病人尝试更多的药物。”)”可知，动作捕捉套装技术准确且性价比高。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Following the success of the two studies, researchers are currently seeking approval from the authority for the use of motion capture for drug trials for FA and DMD. They are also gathering data for the new technology’s use with other diseases, which has far-reaching implications.(随着这两项研究的成功，研究人员目前正在寻求当局批准将动作捕捉用于FA和DMD的药物试验。他们还在为这项新技术在其他疾病中的应用收集数据，这将产生深远的影响)”可知，作者想在最后一段传达新技术实际应用的可能性。故选B。 试卷第44页，共44页 试卷第1页，共44页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$