Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage 定语从句(关系代词)课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

Grammar Relative Clause (定语从句—关系代词 ) an English book best friends the rules of the school a message saying she had a cold point out : n. / adj. / prepositional phrase/ present participle Description Which team won the game? The green team won the game. The team in green won the game. The team wearing green won the game. The team who are wearing green won the game. 一.定义与结构 在句子中用来修饰、限定、说明______或______的品质与特征的成分叫定语(attributive), 译为________. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做____________。 1.1 定义 名词 代词 ......的 定语从句 The green team won the game. The team in green won the game. The team wearing green won the game. The team who are wearing green won the game. 一.定义与结构 The team who are wearing green won the game. 1.2 结构 what is the antecedent in the sentence? 先行词（antecedent）：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 _____ 关系词 从句 定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句 先行词 Page 34 A Exploring the rules ( ) A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world. Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love. “Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us. “Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which we share. Page 34 A Exploring the rules 一个真正的朋友是当世界上其他人都走出去的时候走进来的人。 真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的朋友。 真正的朋友是能看到我们真实的自我的人， 而不仅仅是我们向世界展示的面孔。 然而如今，让我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的意义 像博客这样的社交媒体已经损害了我们和我们所爱的朋友之间的关系。 在社交媒体上“分享”我们的经验不足以表达对我们最重要的价值观。 在网上“点赞”我们朋友的照片并不能建立我们之间的联系。 Rules The most frequently used relative pronouns include who, whom, which, that, whose. We use _________ for things, and _______ and whom for people. We can use ______ for both things and people. We use _______ to show possession. which, that who that whose Page 34 Working out the rules 二. 关系代词 关系代词 所修饰先行词 在从句中所作的成分 who whom which that whose 人 人 宾语 物 主语/宾语 人/物 主语/宾语 人/物 定语 主语/宾语 1. An architect is someone _______ designs buildings. 2. I’ve just seen the woman _______ stole your bag. 3. The school __________ she goes to is outside town. 4. They often go to the museum ______ windows are decorated with colorful glass. 5. Have you heard about the TV program the Reader _______ is very popular now. 6. He is now able to beat his father from _______ he learned how to play chess. 7. There are still many things in our solar system about _______ we know nothing. who/that who/that (which/that) whom whose which/that which Task : Fill in the blank with the relative pronouns who,whom, which,that or whose 当介词置于关系代词前时，关系词不可省略，且只能用which/whom which/that whose who/that (which/that) which (whom/that/who) who/that B2 Page 35 B Applying the rules 在马克吐温的《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中，哈克费恩和吉姆之间的友谊是这本书的一个重要主题，尽管他们看起来不太可能是一对朋友。 哈克是一个贫穷的白人男孩，他的父亲经常打他， 而吉姆是一个渴望自有的黑人奴隶。 然后他们坐着在密西西比河上找到的一个木筏，一起离开了小岛。 他们向北前往伊利诺斯州，这是一个吉姆可以获得自由的地方。 最后，哈克认定吉姆是他需要和重视的朋友，并拒绝放弃他。 从这个故事我们可以看出，朋友就是那些在任何情况下都支持你与你同甘共苦的人。 she指人作主语 三.定语从句构造 Step 1: 定先行 Step 2: 定从句 Step 3: 定引导 I know the woman. She is a singer. 定先行：找出两个简单句中相同的名词或代词，决定先行词。 指代相同 who/ that 定从句： 将重要信息确定为主句，另一个修饰成分作为从句 定引导：根据先行词的性质(人/物/其它)确定引导词，替换从句中相同的名/代词，移动到从句句首，并将从句放在先行词之后。 I know the woman who/that is a singer. 主句 从句 The man teaches us English who/that 三.定语从句构造 is sitting over there He The man I was telling you about him (whom/who/that) 三.定语从句构造 is sitting over there The man about whom I was telling you is sitting over there. 三.定语从句构造 I know a women who/that is a singer. The man who/that teaches us English is sitting over there. 如何划分定语从句？ 关系词前有谓语， 从关系词到句末； 关系词前无谓语， 从关系词到第二个谓语之前 1. Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from rich ground. Common interests provide rich ground ________________________________. 2. When friend’s communication is warm and open, friendships grow best. Friendships grow best between friends __________________________________. 3. Friendships are like flowers. These flowers need to be taken good care of. Friendships are like flowers ____________________________________. 4. A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit. You can count on a true friend. A relationship with a true friend ______________________________will surely produce fruit. 5. You have been helped by others.To make friends, you should help others in the same way. To make friends, you should help others the way________________________________. from which many friendships grow whose communication is warm and open which/that need to be taken good care of (whom/who/that) you can count on (in which/that )you have been helped Page 35 B Applying the rules B1:Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses. B1:Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses. Answer 1. Common interests provide rich ground from which many friendships grow. 2. Friendships grow best between friends whose communication is warm and open. 3. Friendships are like flowers which/that need to be taken good care of. 4. A relationship with a true friend (whom/that/who) you can count on will surely produce fruit. 5. To make friends, you should help others the way (in which/that) you have been helped. Page 35 B Applying the rules the way作先行词表示“方式,方法,手段”，且在从句中作状语时，常用in which, that引导或省略 ①I don't like the way ______________ he speaks to me. ②The way ____________ leads to the mountain top is very steep. which/that (in which/that) 四.关系代词难点 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns that or which. There might be more than one correct answer. A1 The techniques_______ the badminton players use in the games are important. A2 The techniques and the players_______are involved in the badminton games are important. which/that that Conclusion 当先行词出现以下情形，关系代词只用 that，不用which。 ①先行词中既有人又有物 B1 Athens is a city__________ held the first Olympic Games. B2 Greece is the first country_______ held the Olympic Games. B3 Basketball is the most exciting sport _______ I have ever played. which/that that Conclusion 当先行词出现以下情形，关系代词只用 that，不用which。 ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 that C1 Badminton is the sport__________Lin Dan is enthusiastic about. C2 Badminton is the very sport________ Lin Dan is enthusiastic about. which/that that Conclusion 当先行词出现以下情形，关系代词只用 that，不用which。 ③先行词被the only, the same 或 the very，just the修饰 D1 Practice is all _______ athletes need to do. D2 Practice is one of the things_________ athletes need to do. D3 Everything_______ is related to football can definitely attract Messi. which/that that Conclusion 当先行词出现以下情形，关系代词只用 that，不用which。 ④先行词是 all，little，much ， anything，everything，nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰 that E1 Who is the girl _________ drove the car? E2 Which is the dictionary _________ you want? that Conclusion 当先行词出现以下情形，关系代词只用 that，不用which。 ⑤在which、who或what引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时 that Conclusion 关系代词只用 that，不用which的情况： ①先行词中既有人又有物 ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 ③先行词被the only, the same或 the very，just the修饰 ④先行词是 all，little，much ， anything，everything，nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰 ⑤在which、who或what引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时 ①The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well. 当先行词是不定代词(one, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody等)或人称代词，或者先行词为those指人时，定语从句多用who引导 Those are left behind are usually of poor quality. Those work hard are more likely to succeed. who 四.关系代词难点 which ②He who laughs last laughs best. 五.解题步骤 Conclusion Fill in the blank with correct relative pronouns. The singer _______________ I like is from Taiwan. Step 1 划分定语从句(关系词到句末或2谓前) Step 2 判断先行词在从句中所作成分(主语/宾语/定语) Step 3 (whom/who /that) 一看空前人或物 二看空后主宾定 确定先行词(关系词前名词或代词) 并判断先行词指人还是指物 Homework (Workbook Page 70 Part C): 1. All my classmates enjoyed the cake ___________ I made. 2. She has a brother ________ name I can't remember. 3. It is believed by many people that the man _________ makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. 4. My sister Tina likes reading novels ___________ were written by Charles Dickens. 5. It is an Australian company ________ logo looks like a red kangaroo. 6. The book __________ I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting. 7. This is the best film ________ we have ever made about friendship. 8. I really admire people ________ can work in such difficult conditions. 9. The man _________________ we met in the street just now used to be my English teacher. 10. I admire the way ____________ he solves the problem. (which/that) whose who/that which/that whose (which/that) that who/that (who/that/whom ) (in which/that) $$