第二部分 专题一 命题点5 动词的语态-【一战成名新中考】2025陕西中考英语·一轮复习·精讲册（讲册）

精讲册·陕西英语 语 法 专 题 精 讲 练 命题点 5　 动词的语态 (必考;完形填空第一节:每年 1 道;短文填空:8 年 4 考) 考点精讲 　 　 动词的语态主要在两个题型考查:①完形填 空(第一节),必考点,通常会结合时态考查(8 年 7 考),偶尔结合主谓一致考查(2018. 29);②短文 填空,高频考点,均考查一般过去时的被动语态 (8 年 4 考:2024,2020 ~ 2018)。 针对语态类的试题,答题时可以从以下步骤 解题: ▶根据主语和谓语动词之间的关系来判定: 如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态; ▶根据句中的时间状语或已经发生动作的 时态或文章的逻辑关系判定用哪种时态(时态的 判定见本专题　 命题点 4); ▶根据句中的主语判定谓语动词的数(主谓 一致的判定见本专题 命题点 6)。 1. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀦂 􀦂 􀦂􀦂 　 　 　 　　　拓展 常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 主动语态中有些感官动词(如:hear, see, watch, notice 等) 和使役动词 ( 如: make, let 等)后用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,变为 被动语态时,要把不定式符号 to 还原,如: hear / see sb. do sth. →sb. be heard / seen to do sth. make sb. do sth. →sb. be made to do sth. 2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的结构为“主语(动作的承受 者) +助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”。 常 见的被动语态结构如下: 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现 在时 (8 年 2 考) We clean the class- room every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. (am/ is / are done) 一般过 去时 (8 年 10 考) Qian Zhongshu wrote the book. The book was written by Qian Zhongshu. (was / were+done) 一般将 来时 They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. ( will / shall / be going to+be done) 现在完 成时 Kelly has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned by Kelly. ( have / has been + done) 含情态 动词 We shouldn􀆳t throw waste paper here. Waste paper shouldn􀆳t be thrown here. ( 情 态动词+be done) 3. 使用被动语态的情况 使用情况 例句 不知道动作的执行者 是谁 This watch was made in China. 没有必要指出动作的 执行者是谁 Smoking isn􀆳t allowed here. 需要强调或突出动作 的承受者时 Chinese is now spoken all around the world. 出于礼貌而不说出动 作的执行者 My glass was broken this morning. 动作的发出者不是人 Many houses were washed away by the flood last year. 有些动词习惯上只用 于被动语态 Lisa was born in Germany. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 88 精讲册·陕西英语 语 法 专 题 精 讲 练 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀦂 􀦂 􀦂􀦂 　 　 　 　　　注意 不能使用被动语态的情况 　 　 ①不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态,常见 的有 happen, take place, belong to 等; ②表示状态的动词没有被动语态,常见的 有 have, own, fail, cost, fit, last(持续)等; ③祈使句一般没有被动语态; ④反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动 语态; ⑤当及物动词 leave, enter, reach 等的宾 语是表示地点和处所名词时,不能用被动语 态。 4. 主动结构表被动意义的情况 (1)open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive 等作不及物动词 时,它们的主语为物,可用主动结构表被 动意义。 如: This kind of pen writes very smoothly. (2)look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动 结构表被动意义,描述事物特性。 如: Mooncakes taste delicious. (3)be worth doing 意为“值得做”,用主动结构 表被动意义。 如: This book is worth reading. (4 ) “ need / require + doing ” 相 当 于 “ need / require+to be done”,to be done 是不定式 的被动结构。 如: Your car needs washing. = Your car needs to be washed. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点精练 Ⅰ. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 sell　 divide　 solve　 steal　 need 1. (2024 白银改编) No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can be 　 　 　 　 in the end. 2. Doctors are greatly 　 　 　 　 in every part of the world, so I want to be a doctor. 3. The students in our class were 　 　 　 　 into eight interest groups this term. 4. My bike was 　 　 　 　 last night, so I had to walk to school this morning. 5. This kind of computer 　 　 　 　 well. They were sold out in a month. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. (2024 扬州改编)众所周知,长江被称为中华民 族的“母亲河”。 As we all know, the Yangtze River 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. 2. 昨天李教授给我们做了一个关于濒危动物的 讲座。 A lecture on endangered animals 　 　 　 　 　 　 us by Professor Li yesterday. 3. 为了帮助有需要的人,社区将设立一个志愿者 组织。 To help those in need, a voluntary group 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 in the community. 4. 这几种钢笔很好用,所以它们很快就在所有的 商店里卖光了。 These kinds of pens write well, so they 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 quickly in all shops. 5. 一些植物被广泛应用于中国传统医药。 Some plants are 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 in Chinese traditional medicine. Ⅲ. 完形填空(2024 潍坊改编) There are over fifty different types of plastics. Many of them are 　 1 　 for packaging ( 包装). Most plastics do not break down and a lot of them are not recyclable. When they are 　 2　 , they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous. One of the most popular plastics used in making bottles is 　 3　 PET. This can be 　 4　 . Plastics like PET need to be labeled so they can be 　 5 　 easily for recycling. In America, PET is 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 98 精讲册·陕西英语 语 法 专 题 精 讲 练 recycled and used to make new things, such as flowerpots and milk crates. In Germany some bottles are 　 6 　 from a type of plastic which breaks down in strong sunlight or when buried. And this is expensive and the bottles might break while they are being used. Nearly all the things you buy from the supermarket are 　 7　 in something. Even fruit and vegetables are wrapped ( 包裹) in plastic or in plastic bags. When we use these things, the packaging is usually 　 8　 by us. Packaging 　 9　 food fresh. It protects the food and also 　 10　 us information about the product. But is it all necessary? If you add up all the packaging, it comes to a lot. Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic. You􀆳d better reuse your old plastic containers for keeping things. ( B )1. A. sent B. used C. asked D. hoped ( A )2. A. burnt B. heated C. bought D. played ( C )3. A. picked B. held C. called D. cut ( B )4. A. received B. recycled C. remembered D. reported ( D )5. A. finished B. marked C. selected D. collected ( C )6. A. sold B. heard C. made D. learned ( A )7. A. packed B. broken C. brought D. handed ( D )8. A. put up B. picked up C. given away D. thrown away ( C )9. A. takes B. carries C. keeps D. prevents ( B )10. A. enjoys B. gives C. hides D. returns Ⅳ. 短文填空(2024 遂宁改编) call　 invent　 add　 make　 open say　 introduce　 close　 brush　 use The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1, 000 years in China. It used to be a water-proof(防水的) tool for daily use. It is 1. 　 　 　 　 that once Lu Ban and his wife visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. His wife said, “ Let􀆳s have a competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, the person who comes up with a way to make it possible for people to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be 2. 　 　 　 　 the winner. ” Then Lu Ban had a good idea. He spent the whole night building ten pavilions(亭) around the lake. The next morning, his wife held something unusual in her hand. It could be 3. 　 　 　 　 into a round shape. It was 4. 　 　 　 　 of silk and bamboo strips ( 竹条). It could be opened and 5. 　 　 　 　 easily. It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “ You win. Your ‘ pavilion’ can protect us from raining. ” So the umbrella was 6. 　 　 　 　 . Later, less expensive paper was 7. 　 　 　 　 to make the umbrella. In this way, poor people could afford the umbrella. And tung oil∗ was 8. 　 　 　 　 across the surface to make it water- proof. That was how the oil-paper umbrella was invented. It greatly helped ancient Chinese people go out on rainy days. During the Tang Dynasty(618- 907), the hand-made umbrellas were 9. 　 　 　 　 to places as far as Japan. Although the oil-paper umbrellas are now no longer commonly used for rainy days, they have never disappeared from people􀆳s lives. In 2007, these umbrellas were 10. 　 　 　 　 to Zhejiang Province􀆳s intangible cultural heritage list(非物质 文化遗产名录). ∗ Tung oil is a quick-drying yellow oil from the seeds of the tung tree, used in paints to speed up drying. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 09 参考答案·陕西英语 精 讲 册 7. reported　 8. is known　 9. no doubt　 10. Without doubt 11. to drive　 12. to talk with　 13. drinking 九年级(全) Units 7~ 8 1. to tell 　 2. spending　 3. To my regret 　 4. manager 　 5. management 　 6. to finish 　 7. manage a company 　 8. ①taking part in　 ②attend　 ③join　 ④join in　 9. take part in / join in　 10. join in　 11. ①asleep　 ②slept ③sleepy　 ④sleeping　 12. being　 13. from 九年级(全) Units 9~ 10 1. cooking 　 2. rather than 　 3. to face 　 4. supposed 　 5. to be　 6. to knock on　 7. visiting　 8. is worth 9. worthy of　 10. worth a try / worthy of trying　 11. helpful 12. impolite 　 13. to give 　 14. of 　 15. for 　 16. It 　 17. besides English　 18. Besides　 19. ①except　 ②but　 ③except for 九年级(全) Units 11~ 12 1. know 　 2. beautiful 　 3. understood 　 4. to reduce 　 5. would rather 　 6. write emails 　 7. ①living 　 ②live 　 ③lively　 ④alive　 ⑤lively; lives; living ⑥live; living　 8. ①lived　 ②living　 ③lively 九年级(全) Units 13~ 14 1. afford them　 2. to provide　 3. from　 4. into 5. separate me from　 6. separated from　 7. be divided　 8. second　 9. got / gotten 　 10. for class / to have class 　 11. to return 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第二部分　 语法专题精讲练 专题一 动词 命题点 1　 动词词义辨析 Ⅰ. 1. B　 2. A　 3. D　 4. C　 5. C　 6. B　 7. C　 8. D Ⅱ. 1. cut 　 2. build 　 3. offer 　 4. develop 　 5. sold 　 6. sitting　 7. hopes　 8. argued　 9. forget　 10. win Ⅲ. 1. C 　 2. B 　 3. C 　 4. A 　 5. B 　 6. B 　 7. C 　 8. A　 9. D　 10. B 命题点 2　 动词词组 Ⅰ. 1. B　 2. A　 3. B 　 4. D 　 5. B 　 6. A 　 7. C 　 8. B　 9. C　 10. B　 11. C　 12. A　 13. B　 14. D　 15. C　 16. D　 17. B　 18. A　 19. C　 20. B Ⅱ. 1. wash (her) hair　 2. go climbing / climb the mountain(s)　 3. make a plan / make plans / plan ( well) 　 4. change your mind　 5. take notes　 6. play chess　 7. make your own decision(s) / make decision(s) by yourself 8. return / come back / fly back　 9. belong to 10. wait for　 11. put off　 12. look up　 13. deal with 14. turn off　 15. say proudly / proudly say　 16. held for the first time / firstly held / held firstly　 17. Learn wisely 18. rose slowly　 19. feel soft　 20. taste delicious 命题点 3　 情态动词 Ⅰ. 1. A　 2. A　 3. B　 4. C　 5. C Ⅱ. 1. It can􀆳t be her 　 2. must / have to 　 3. Can / May I help you　 4. It must be hers 　 5. ( Sorry,) I􀆳m afraid I can􀆳t 命题点 4　 动词的时态 Ⅰ. 1. plant　 2. has studied　 3. went　 4. will become　 5. are eating　 6. was practising　 7. travels 8. realized　 9. is crying　 10. was cooking Ⅱ. 1. preferred　 2. helping　 3. lay　 4. enjoyed 5. changes　 6. sticks Ⅲ. 1. feel lonely　 2. were doing / trying their best　 3. are making a mess　 4. will give away　 5. have taken place Ⅳ. 1. B 　 2. A 　 3. A 　 4. B 　 5. C 　 6. C 　 7. B 　 8. B　 9. C　 10. D Ⅴ. 1. looks　 2. taught　 3. gets　 4. cooking 5. enjoys　 6. takes　 7. fallen　 8. walking　 9. keep 10. hope 命题点 5　 动词的语态 Ⅰ. 1. solved　 2. needed　 3. divided　 4. stolen　 5. sells Ⅱ. 1. is known as　 2. was given to　 3. will be set up　 4. are sold out　 5. widely used Ⅲ. 1. B　 2. A　 3. C 　 4. B 　 5. D 　 6. C 　 7. A 　 8. D　 9. C　 10. B Ⅳ. 1. said　 2. called　 3. opened　 4. made　 5. closed　 6. invented 　 7. used 　 8. brushed 　 9. introduced 　 10. added 命题点 6　 主谓一致 Ⅰ. 1. is　 2. rides　 3. was　 4. puts　 5. is Ⅱ. 1. look forward to　 2. is doing experiments　 3. am tired of　 4. is covered by　 5. were watching TV 6. is necessary 命题点 7　 非谓语动词 Ⅰ. 1. come　 2. throw　 3. protect　 4. take　 5. missing　 6. Compared　 7. wear　 8. Walking　 9. do　 10. laugh Ⅱ. 1. making mistakes　 2. To keep healthy　 3. Learning from　 4. to taste　 5. depend on Ⅲ. 1. D　 2. B 　 3. D 　 4. C 　 5. A 　 6. B 　 7. B 　 8. D　 9. A　 10. D Ⅳ. 1. find　 2. Knowing　 3. saying　 4. finish　 5. express 6. go　 7. used　 8. remember　 9. ask　 10. help 专项提升　 动词(词组)填空———针对完成句子和短文填空 Ⅰ. 1. planted　 2. learned / learnt　 3. helps　 4. preparing 5. taught　 6. face　 7. develop　 8. reading　 9. leader 10. invention Ⅱ. 1. developed quickly　 2. been able to　 3. listening to music　 4. grown up　 5. practice speaking　 6. protect the environment 　 7. go over 　 8. help her students 　 9. have a good time / spend a good time　 10. praised Ⅲ. Passage 1　 1. finishing　 2. meeting　 3. took 4. supported　 5. set　 6. exciting　 7. make 8. decisions　 9. offer　 10. give Passage 2　 1. changed　 2. speak　 3. Hoping　 4. dug 5. tried　 6. swimming　 7. dreamed / dreamt　 8. bear 9. meet　 10. become Passage 3　 1. provided 　 2. watched 　 3. shocked 　 4. learning　 5. requires　 6. repeat　 7. telling 8. understand　 9. put　 10. continue 专题二　 名词 命题点　 名词词义辨析 Cloze 1　 1. B　 2. B　 3. C　 4. A　 5. D　 6. C 7. D　 8. A　 9. D　 10. B Cloze 2　 1. B　 2. D　 3. B　 4. A　 5. C　 6. C 7. D　 8. B　 9. D　 10. A Cloze 3　 1. B　 2. C　 3. A　 4. D　 5. D　 6. C 7. C　 8. A　 9. B　 10. B 专项提升　 名词(短语)填空———针对完成句子和短文填空 Ⅰ. 1. Germans 　 2. hours􀆳 　 3. countries 　 4. endless 　 5. natural 　 6. leaves 　 7. policemen 　 8. advice 　 9. children　 10. sunny　 11. personal　 12. stomachs　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 61