专题09 选必三 unit3 知识讲解+重点题型练习 -【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（外研版2019）

专题09 Unit 3 知识讲解+重点题型练习（外研2019版选择性必修三） 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 1. 预习Unit3重点单词、短语、句型 2. 预习Unit3课文 3. 巩固Uni3知识点 [词汇知识过关] 1. come up with 想出（计划、建议等） 【教材原句】 Come up with three words or expressions to help express your opinion. 想出三个单词或短语来帮助你表达观点。 【拓展】 come up 被提及；被讨论 come true 实现，成真，成为现实 come out 出现；出版 come back 回想起来，记起；恢复原状 come on 快点；开始；上场 【好句背默】 ①He says that he has come up with a great idea. 他说他想出了一个绝妙的主意。 ②Did any new points come up when you spoke to him? 你跟他说话的时候提出了什么新的观点吗？ 【经典练】 ①专家提出了一些珍贵的建议。 The expert ________ some precious suggestions. ②盯住这些家伙，你永远不知道他们会想出什么来。 Keep your eye on these jokers, you never know what they will _______________. 【答案】 ① came up with ② come up with 2. be made up of　由……组成 【教材原句】 But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers. 但在英格兰南部海岸，一件非同寻常的事情正在上演：主要由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军部队正在大量集结。 【拓展】 make up　　　　　　　 构成；铺(床)，整理； 化妆；弥补；和解；编造 make up for... 弥补…… consist of... 由……组成 be made of... 由……制成（看得出原材料） be made from... 由……制成（看不出原材料） be made into 把……制成…… 【好句背默】 ①Our class is made up of 52 students, all of whom are friendly and hard-working. 我们班由52名学生组成，他们都友好勤奋。 ②Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics. 天文学是一门由数学和物理组成的自然学科。 ③With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. 人生起起落落，要保持一个积极向上的态度并不容易。 【经典练】 ①Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up ______ the drawbacks of Western philosophy. ②Students are provided with a packed lunch _______ (make) up of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert. ③2022年冬奥会的志愿者将由大学生组成。 The volunteers serving the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will____________________college students. 【答案】 ① for ② made ③ will be made up of/ will consist of 3. free ...from　释放，使摆脱 【教材原句】 Code­named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. 这次行动代号是“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，其目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国的占领中解放出来。 【拓展】 free v.　　　　　　 释放，使摆脱；解除；使腾出时间 free sb. to do sth. 使某人腾出时间做某事 free adj. 自由的，免费的 be free from/of 不受……伤害；没有……的；摆脱……的 set...free 释放……，使……获得自由 be free to do sth. 自由自在地做某事 free of charge/for free　 　 免费的 【好句背默】 ①It will free us from a while lot of debt. 这将免除我们一大笔债务。 ②Both men were freed from the wreckage after a four－hour operation. 经过4个小时的施救，两个人都被从残骸中解救出来。 ③Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge, after－class activities also free me from the heavy work of study. 除了强身健体和丰富知识之外，课后活动也让我从繁重的学业中解脱出来。 【经典练】 ①They give us entertainment providing us a means to safely free ourselves ______ stress. ②It was several weeks before he was completely free ________ pain. ③I worked for free _______ a non－profit organization during my study in America. 【答案】 ①from ② from/of ③ for 4. prepare for　为……做准备 【教材原句】 With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D­Day. 将军的话回响在盟军士兵们的耳旁，他们为即将到来的诺曼底登陆日做准备。 【拓展】 prepare sb. for sth.　　　　 使某人为某事做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 prepared adj. 准备好的；有所准备的 be/get prepared for sth. 为某事做准备 be/get prepared to do sth. 准备做某事 preparation n.　　 [U]预备；准备 [C]安排；准备工作(常用复数) in preparation for 为……做准备 make preparations (for) (为……)做准备 【好句背默】 ①Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst. 抱最大的希望，做最坏的打算。 ②The lectures help students prepare for college mathematics. 这些课程有助于学生为大学数学做好准备。 【经典练】 ①____________(prepare) for the coming exam, Tony has to look over his notes once again. ②Well (prepare) for the job interview, he was more confident. ③It's never too early to make necessary (prepare) for a healthy and meaningful college experience. 【答案】 ① To prepare ② prepared ③ preparations 5. 独立主格结构 【教材原句】 Code­named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. 这次行动代号是“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，其目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国的占领中解放出来。 【拓展】 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状态等。独立主格结构形式有以下几种： (1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)； (2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)； (3)名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)； (4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态) 【好句背默】 ①His hand waving in the air, the little boy ran away. 小男孩跑开了，他的手在空中挥动着。 ②So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有这么多人来帮他，他一定会成功的。 【经典练】 ①The mid－term examination (approach), students are under great pressure, preparing for it. ②Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. ③The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200，000 silver pennies, all of ________ over 600 years old. ④冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。(独立主格) , it gets colder and colder. 【答案】 ① approaching ② spent ③ them ④Winter coming 6. 形容词(短语)作状语 【教材原句】 The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. 敌人隐蔽起来，准备攻击还没来得及登陆的盟军。 【拓展】 句中“ready to attack...”是形容词短语作伴随状语，表示主句主语所处的状态。 (1)形容词作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状态等； (2)形容词(短语)作状语时可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开； (3)副词作状语常修饰动词或整个句子。 【好句背默】 ①She just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. 她只是站在那儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。 ②He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.　 他又冷又饿，在风雪中过了7天。 【经典练】 ①To their great relief, the missing child returned home, ________(tire) and sound, after an absence of two weeks. ②___________(thankful), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. ③由于害怕受责备，小汤姆一到家就直接去了自己房间。(形容词短语作状语) ________________________, little Tom went to his own room directly the moment he got home. 【答案】 ① tired ② Thankfully ③ Afraid of being scolded 7. sum　n.金额，款项；总数；总和 v．总结；合计；概括 【教材原句】 In 1938, the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang's head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. 1938年，日军用一大笔钱悬赏杨靖宇的人头，大批士兵包围了杨靖宇的部队。 【拓展】 a large/small sum of money　 一大笔钱/少量的钱 sum to 共计 sum up 总结；概括； 计算……的总数 to sum up 总之 【好句背默】 ①He is saving a sum of money to buy a home for his family. 他正在存一笔钱，以便买一套住宅供全家居住。 ②I worked for three whole weeks for which I received the very low sum of $100. 我整整工作了3周，却只得到了可怜巴巴的100美元。 【经典练】 ①The old couple summed up the money they spent last month. ②The people present at the meeting summed to one thousand. ③总之，为了身体健康，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。 _________________, for a healthy body you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. ④每年她都花一大笔钱买衣服。 She spends __________________ money on her clothes every year. 【答案】 ① up ② to ③ To sum up ④a large sum of 8. relevant　adj.有关的，切题的 【教材原句】 Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. 就活动2中的一个主题准备一个简短的演讲，或者想出另一个相关的主题。 【拓展】 be relevant to...　　　　 和……有关 relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地 其他表示“与……相关/有关”的表达小结： (1)be related to；　(2)have sth.to do with； (3)be associated with；　(4)be connected with 【好句背默】 ①The application must be enclosed with relevant documents. 申请表需一并附上相关文件。 ②I believe I can provide the best service for the visitors, offering guidance and explaining the relevant information about Chinese painting if needed. 我相信我可以为游客提供最好的服务。如果需要的话，我可以介绍和解释中国画的相关信息。 【经典练】 ①She didn't say anything that is relevant ______ this accident. ②As is known to all, temperature and precipitation (降水量) will change _________ (relevant) when altitude rise. ③另外，我已经获得了与这个职位相关的经验。 What's more, I have gained experience ________________ the position. 【答案】 ① to ② relevantly ③relevant to 9. “It is no wonder that...”意为“难怪……” 【教材原句】 It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize­winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. 难怪许多(即便不是大多数)中国最杰出的学者和科学家都出自联大，其中包括两位获得诺贝尔奖的物理学家，杨振宁和李政道。 【拓展】 it is no wonder (that)...＝no wonder (that)... 难怪……，怪不得…… it's a wonder (that)... 令人惊奇的是； 说来也怪 wonder at/about sth. 对某事感到惊讶 wonder if/whether... 不知是否…… 【好句背默】 ①This is their first time to Beijing—it's no wonder that the children are so excited. 这是他们第一次来北京，难怪孩子们这么兴奋。 ②No wonder children all like going to Disneyland, where they can meet their favourite Disney cartoon characters. 难怪孩子们都喜欢去迪斯尼乐园，在那里他们可以见到他们最喜欢的迪斯尼卡通人物。 【经典练】 ①It's _____ wonder (that) you recognized me since we hadn't seen each other for so long. ②—I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. ③汤姆一直工作了三个小时。难怪他看上去很累。 Tom has been working for three hours. _________________________that he looks very tired. 【答案】 ① a ② how ③No wonder/ It is no wonder 课文译文 The D­DAY LANDINGS By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers. This marked one of the final stages of a top­secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning. Code­named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander, General Eisenhower to the troops read： “Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle­hardened...But this is the year 1944...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！” With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D­Day.At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France. Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them. Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. By mid­morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：“I was the first one out. The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit. All the ones in between were hit. Two were killed; three were injured. That's how lucky you had to be.” But, despite the high cost in human life, the D­Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War. By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north­west France. The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east. Seventy years later, men who had fought on D­Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies. As part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon： They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old： Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning, We will remember them. Survivors of the D­Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day. Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. 诺曼底登陆 到1944年春，第二次世界大战已在全球持续了大概五年。但在英格兰南部海岸，一件非同寻常的事情正在上演：主要由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军部队正在大量集结。这标志着一项已经计划了数月，或许数年的绝密行动进入了某一最后阶段。这次行动代号是“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，其目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国的占领中解放出来。等待天气、月光和潮汐的完美结合之后，霸王计划的启动时间定在了6月6日。 盟军最高统帅艾森豪威尔向部队下达命令，命令写道：“你们的任务不会容易，你们的敌人训练有素，装备精良，而且身经百战……但这是1944年……形势已经转变！世界上的自由之士正一起走向胜利！我完全相信你们的勇气，对职责的忠诚和战斗技巧。我们只接受全面的胜利！” 将军的话回响在盟军士兵们的耳旁，他们为即将到来的诺曼底登陆日做准备。6月6日拂晓，数千人乘降落伞降落在法国北部的敌后。与此同时，还有数千人在其上的空中战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡前往诺曼底，他们的目标明确：沿着法国大约80千米的海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。但即使在战争最糟糕的时候，也很少有人能为他们将在那里经历的暴力和恐怖做好准备。 最激烈的战斗发生在奥马哈海滩。敌人隐蔽起来，准备攻击还没来得及登陆的盟军。船只被撞，人们溺水身亡，而那些真正到达海滩的人面对的则是重型机枪。到了上午十点，数百人死在水里和海滩上的坦克之间。一个士兵回忆了他在周围到处都是炸弹的情况下，是如何勉强突出重围的：“我是第一个出来的。第七个人是下一个穿过海滩而没被击中的人。中间的人都被击中了。两人死亡，三人受伤。能够突出重围是多么地幸运。” 但是，尽管很多人牺牲，但诺曼底登陆获得了成功，被广泛认为是第二次世界大战结束的开始。到1944年8月底，盟军已到达塞纳河，巴黎解放，德军已从法国西北部撤离。盟军那时准备进入德国，在那他们将与从东面进入的苏联军队会合。 七十年后，参加过诺曼底登陆战斗的人们聚集在英吉利海峡两侧，人们聚集在这里举行纪念仪式。在这个庄严而感人的场合，一位前士兵向人群朗读了劳伦斯·宾扬的《致倒下的战士》中的诗句： 他们永远不会变老，不像我们活着的人日渐老去： 年华不能使他们厌倦，岁月也不会让他们愧疚。 每当日落西山，每当朝阳升起， 我们都将缅怀他们。 诺曼底登陆的幸存者们坚持聚会，缅怀战友和他们那天失去的朋友们。尽管他们的数量每年都在减少，但他们的英勇行为，意味着我们将永远记住他们以及那些在法国北部海滩丧生的人们。 LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”．However, for most of them, the “war” has been purely symbolic. Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges. In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. To save their educational and intellectual heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda. Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2, 000 kilometres, most of them on foot. Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south­west part of China. They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines. There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment. Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm. However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize­winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled. He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，”he said. With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student­soldiers from any campus in China. Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well­known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong. Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem: Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all， A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze； There is no trace of the footprints of history； Where brave souls once stood，breathing new life into the trees. A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication. In 2017, representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed. It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era. 联大：一个充满热情、 信念和使命的地方 历史上，世界上伟大的思想家们常常相当浪漫地将他们的学术之争比作“战争”。但是，对于他们中的大多数人而言，“战争”纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争永远不会浪漫，因为它带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。 1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所重点大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日军占领，而南开大学被彻底轰毁。为了保存教育和知识遗产，三所大学在昆明合并为国立西南联合大学，也被称为联大。 三所大学的教授们和学生们都经历了漫长而艰难的旅程，跨越了2 000多千米，大多数人徒步。他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，屋顶是空旷的天空，经常被爆炸的日本炸弹照亮。他们到达偏远而多山的中国西南部后，情况稍微有些好转。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，像沙丁鱼一样，40个人挤在一个房间。食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，上课常常被中断，经常在上午10点之前和下午4点之后才能上课。 然而，尽管经历了巨大的艰辛和艰巨的挑战，但就在这个地方，经过长达八年的时间，国家的知识遗产因联大值得尊敬的学者的热情和信念不仅得到了捍卫，还得以巩固。难怪许多(即便不是大多数)中国最杰出的学者和科学家都出自联大，其中包括两位获得诺贝尔奖的物理学家，杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我取得的一切成就打下了基础，”杨回忆道。他还记得在窗户不带玻璃的临时教室里学习的经历。“在刮风天，我们不得不按住桌上的纸，否则纸会被风刮走，”他说。 国家处于战争状态，联大的学生们没有逃避责任。在使命感的驱使下，许多人参军抗击日本侵略者，捍卫国家荣誉。事实上，联大在中国学校里学生入伍数量最多，成千上万的在中国各地担任口译员的大学生中，十分之一来自联大，包括著名翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献： 静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上， 还下着密雨，还吹着细风， 没有人知道历史曾在此走过， 留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。 作为战争的产物，联大现在已不复存在。但它已成为中国现代大学的至高荣耀，不仅因为其杰出的教授们和才华横溢的学生们，还因为其强大的毅力和奉献精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们聚集在一起，纪念其成立80周年。 八十多年来，联大无价的贡献仍然需要重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，它的精神已成为中国现代所有大学的楷模。 一、单词拼写 1．The old man (回忆) the rare happiness he had during the war. 2．Listening to the (狂暴的) storm outside, the little girl felt terrified. 3．The (纪念的) garden is dedicated to those who died in the accident. 4．Our main (目标) was the recovery of the child safe and well. 5．There is no doubt that he deserves the title “ (杰出的) player of his generation”． 6．Ten years later, a paper (有关的) to this research was published. 7．Airforce jets (轰炸) the only airport in this country last night. 8．When we look a bit deeper, problems begin to (出现) immediately. 9．They used to live in a (简陋的)cottage in the country. 10．We are planning a dinner to celebrate the 50th (周年纪念日) of the founding of the company. 二、单句语法填空 1．We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only leads to (violent). 2．She felt (horror) when hearing strange noises in the darkness. 3．The Chinese have been living a happy life since (liberate). 4．Unfortunately, every summer there are several teenagers who get (drown) carelessly. 5．Lack of food, she looked (bare) ten years old though she was actually fifteen． 6．In case of (emerge), press the button and break the glass. 7．A good many (representative) who are present at the meeting are from very remote mountainous areas. 8．The city was destroyed by foreign (invade), leaving thousands of people homeless. 9．The child is developing in every way, morally, (intellectual) and physically. 10．You have to do well (academic) to get into medical school. 三、完成句子 1．除了伤心失望地回家我别无选择。(形容词短语作状语) I had no choice but to go back home, ____________________． 2．我们必须努力帮助学生对自己的能力建立起自信心。 We must try to help students to their ability. 3．她静静地坐着，眼含泪水。 She sat quietly, . (独立主格结构) 4．随着期末考试的临近，我们最好做充分的准备。 As the final examination is approaching, we'd better it.(preparation) 5．我们的乒乓球队由十个人组成，现在还需要一个人。 Our Table Tennis team ten members, another needed now. 6．难怪你考试不及格。你原本应该做好充分的准备的。(wonder) _____________________________________. You should have made full preparations for it. 7．科学家们希望不久以后在研究新冠肺炎治愈方法方面会有突破。(break) The scientists hope soon in the research for a cure for COVID­19. 8．我们大学有100多名留学生，其中一些来自非洲。(独立主格) There are more than 100 foreign students in our college, ． 9．如果按照说明书服用，这种药没有副作用。(过去分词短语作状语) ________________________________, the drug has no side effect. 【答案】 一、单词拼写 1. recalled 2. violent 3. memorial 4. objective 5. outstanding 6. relevant 7. bombed 8. emerge 9. rough 10. anniversary 二、单句语法填空 1. violence 2. horrible 3. liberation 4. drowned 5. barely 6. emergency 7. representatives 8. invaders 9. intellectually 10. academically 三、完成句子 1. sad and disappointed 2. have confidence in 3. her eyes full of tears 4. make full preparations for 5. is made up of 6. It is no wonder that you failed the exam. 7. to break through 8. some of them from Africa 9. Taken according to the directions 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 Unit 3 知识讲解+重点题型练习（外研2019版选择性必修三） 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 1. 预习Unit3重点单词、短语、句型 2. 预习Unit3课文 3. 巩固Uni3知识点 [词汇知识过关] 1. come up with 想出（计划、建议等） 【教材原句】 Come up with three words or expressions to help express your opinion. 想出三个单词或短语来帮助你表达观点。 【拓展】 come up 被提及；被讨论 come true 实现，成真，成为现实 come out 出现；出版 come back 回想起来，记起；恢复原状 come on 快点；开始；上场 【好句背默】 ①He says that he has come up with a great idea. 他说他想出了一个绝妙的主意。 ②Did any new points come up when you spoke to him? 你跟他说话的时候提出了什么新的观点吗？ 【经典练】 ①专家提出了一些珍贵的建议。 The expert ________ some precious suggestions. ②盯住这些家伙，你永远不知道他们会想出什么来。 Keep your eye on these jokers, you never know what they will _______________. 2. be made up of　由……组成 【教材原句】 But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers. 但在英格兰南部海岸，一件非同寻常的事情正在上演：主要由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军部队正在大量集结。 【拓展】 make up　　　　　　　 构成；铺(床)，整理； 化妆；弥补；和解；编造 make up for... 弥补…… consist of... 由……组成 be made of... 由……制成（看得出原材料） be made from... 由……制成（看不出原材料） be made into 把……制成…… 【好句背默】 ①Our class is made up of 52 students, all of whom are friendly and hard-working. 我们班由52名学生组成，他们都友好勤奋。 ②Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics. 天文学是一门由数学和物理组成的自然学科。 ③With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. 人生起起落落，要保持一个积极向上的态度并不容易。 【经典练】 ①Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up ______ the drawbacks of Western philosophy. ②Students are provided with a packed lunch _______ (make) up of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert. ③2022年冬奥会的志愿者将由大学生组成。 The volunteers serving the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will____________________college students. 3. free ...from　释放，使摆脱 【教材原句】 Code­named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. 这次行动代号是“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，其目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国的占领中解放出来。 【拓展】 free v.　　　　　　 释放，使摆脱；解除；使腾出时间 free sb. to do sth. 使某人腾出时间做某事 free adj. 自由的，免费的 be free from/of 不受……伤害；没有……的；摆脱……的 set...free 释放……，使……获得自由 be free to do sth. 自由自在地做某事 free of charge/for free　 　 免费的 【好句背默】 ①It will free us from a while lot of debt. 这将免除我们一大笔债务。 ②Both men were freed from the wreckage after a four－hour operation. 经过4个小时的施救，两个人都被从残骸中解救出来。 ③Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge, after－class activities also free me from the heavy work of study. 除了强身健体和丰富知识之外，课后活动也让我从繁重的学业中解脱出来。 【经典练】 ①They give us entertainment providing us a means to safely free ourselves ______ stress. ②It was several weeks before he was completely free ________ pain. ③I worked for free _______ a non－profit organization during my study in America. 4. prepare for　为……做准备 【教材原句】 With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D­Day. 将军的话回响在盟军士兵们的耳旁，他们为即将到来的诺曼底登陆日做准备。 【拓展】 prepare sb. for sth.　　　　 使某人为某事做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 prepared adj. 准备好的；有所准备的 be/get prepared for sth. 为某事做准备 be/get prepared to do sth. 准备做某事 preparation n.　　 [U]预备；准备 [C]安排；准备工作(常用复数) in preparation for 为……做准备 make preparations (for) (为……)做准备 【好句背默】 ①Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst. 抱最大的希望，做最坏的打算。 ②The lectures help students prepare for college mathematics. 这些课程有助于学生为大学数学做好准备。 【经典练】 ①____________(prepare) for the coming exam, Tony has to look over his notes once again. ②Well (prepare) for the job interview, he was more confident. ③It's never too early to make necessary (prepare) for a healthy and meaningful college experience. 5. 独立主格结构 【教材原句】 Code­named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. 这次行动代号是“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，其目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国的占领中解放出来。 【拓展】 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状态等。独立主格结构形式有以下几种： (1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)； (2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)； (3)名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)； (4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态) 【好句背默】 ①His hand waving in the air, the little boy ran away. 小男孩跑开了，他的手在空中挥动着。 ②So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有这么多人来帮他，他一定会成功的。 【经典练】 ①The mid－term examination (approach), students are under great pressure, preparing for it. ②Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. ③The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200，000 silver pennies, all of ________ over 600 years old. ④冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。(独立主格) , it gets colder and colder. 6. 形容词(短语)作状语 【教材原句】 The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. 敌人隐蔽起来，准备攻击还没来得及登陆的盟军。 【拓展】 句中“ready to attack...”是形容词短语作伴随状语，表示主句主语所处的状态。 (1)形容词作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状态等； (2)形容词(短语)作状语时可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开； (3)副词作状语常修饰动词或整个句子。 【好句背默】 ①She just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. 她只是站在那儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。 ②He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.　 他又冷又饿，在风雪中过了7天。 【经典练】 ①To their great relief, the missing child returned home, ________(tire) and sound, after an absence of two weeks. ②___________(thankful), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. ③由于害怕受责备，小汤姆一到家就直接去了自己房间。(形容词短语作状语) ________________________, little Tom went to his own room directly the moment he got home. 7. sum　n.金额，款项；总数；总和 v．总结；合计；概括 【教材原句】 In 1938, the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang's head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. 1938年，日军用一大笔钱悬赏杨靖宇的人头，大批士兵包围了杨靖宇的部队。 【拓展】 a large/small sum of money　 一大笔钱/少量的钱 sum to 共计 sum up 总结；概括； 计算……的总数 to sum up 总之 【好句背默】 ①He is saving a sum of money to buy a home for his family. 他正在存一笔钱，以便买一套住宅供全家居住。 ②I worked for three whole weeks for which I received the very low sum of $100. 我整整工作了3周，却只得到了可怜巴巴的100美元。 【经典练】 ①The old couple summed up the money they spent last month. ②The people present at the meeting summed to one thousand. ③总之，为了身体健康，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。 _________________, for a healthy body you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. ④每年她都花一大笔钱买衣服。 She spends __________________ money on her clothes every year. 8. relevant　adj.有关的，切题的 【教材原句】 Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. 就活动2中的一个主题准备一个简短的演讲，或者想出另一个相关的主题。 【拓展】 be relevant to...　　　　 和……有关 relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地 其他表示“与……相关/有关”的表达小结： (1)be related to；　(2)have sth.to do with； (3)be associated with；　(4)be connected with 【好句背默】 ①The application must be enclosed with relevant documents. 申请表需一并附上相关文件。 ②I believe I can provide the best service for the visitors, offering guidance and explaining the relevant information about Chinese painting if needed. 我相信我可以为游客提供最好的服务。如果需要的话，我可以介绍和解释中国画的相关信息。 【经典练】 ①She didn't say anything that is relevant ______ this accident. ②As is known to all, temperature and precipitation (降水量) will change _________ (relevant) when altitude rise. ③另外，我已经获得了与这个职位相关的经验。 What's more, I have gained experience ________________ the position. 9. “It is no wonder that...”意为“难怪……” 【教材原句】 It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize­winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. 难怪许多(即便不是大多数)中国最杰出的学者和科学家都出自联大，其中包括两位获得诺贝尔奖的物理学家，杨振宁和李政道。 【拓展】 it is no wonder (that)...＝no wonder (that)... 难怪……，怪不得…… it's a wonder (that)... 令人惊奇的是； 说来也怪 wonder at/about sth. 对某事感到惊讶 wonder if/whether... 不知是否…… 【好句背默】 ①This is their first time to Beijing—it's no wonder that the children are so excited. 这是他们第一次来北京，难怪孩子们这么兴奋。 ②No wonder children all like going to Disneyland, where they can meet their favourite Disney cartoon characters. 难怪孩子们都喜欢去迪斯尼乐园，在那里他们可以见到他们最喜欢的迪斯尼卡通人物。 【经典练】 ①It's _____ wonder (that) you recognized me since we hadn't seen each other for so long. ②—I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. ③汤姆一直工作了三个小时。难怪他看上去很累。 Tom has been working for three hours. _________________________that he looks very tired. 课文译文 The D­DAY LANDINGS By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers. This marked one of the final stages of a top­secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning. Code­named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north­west Europe from German occupation. After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander, General Eisenhower to the troops read： “Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle­hardened...But this is the year 1944...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！” With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D­Day.At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France. Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them. Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. By mid­morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：“I was the first one out. The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit. All the ones in between were hit. Two were killed; three were injured. That's how lucky you had to be.” But, despite the high cost in human life, the D­Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War. By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north­west France. The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east. Seventy years later, men who had fought on D­Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies. As part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon： They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old： Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning, We will remember them. Survivors of the D­Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day. Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. 诺曼底登陆 到1944年春，第二次世界大战已在全球持续了大概五年。但在英格兰南部海岸，一件非同寻常的事情正在上演：主要由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军部队正在大量集结。这标志着一项已经计划了数月，或许数年的绝密行动进入了某一最后阶段。这次行动代号是“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，其目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国的占领中解放出来。等待天气、月光和潮汐的完美结合之后，霸王计划的启动时间定在了6月6日。 盟军最高统帅艾森豪威尔向部队下达命令，命令写道：“你们的任务不会容易，你们的敌人训练有素，装备精良，而且身经百战……但这是1944年……形势已经转变！世界上的自由之士正一起走向胜利！我完全相信你们的勇气，对职责的忠诚和战斗技巧。我们只接受全面的胜利！” 将军的话回响在盟军士兵们的耳旁，他们为即将到来的诺曼底登陆日做准备。6月6日拂晓，数千人乘降落伞降落在法国北部的敌后。与此同时，还有数千人在其上的空中战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡前往诺曼底，他们的目标明确：沿着法国大约80千米的海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。但即使在战争最糟糕的时候，也很少有人能为他们将在那里经历的暴力和恐怖做好准备。 最激烈的战斗发生在奥马哈海滩。敌人隐蔽起来，准备攻击还没来得及登陆的盟军。船只被撞，人们溺水身亡，而那些真正到达海滩的人面对的则是重型机枪。到了上午十点，数百人死在水里和海滩上的坦克之间。一个士兵回忆了他在周围到处都是炸弹的情况下，是如何勉强突出重围的：“我是第一个出来的。第七个人是下一个穿过海滩而没被击中的人。中间的人都被击中了。两人死亡，三人受伤。能够突出重围是多么地幸运。” 但是，尽管很多人牺牲，但诺曼底登陆获得了成功，被广泛认为是第二次世界大战结束的开始。到1944年8月底，盟军已到达塞纳河，巴黎解放，德军已从法国西北部撤离。盟军那时准备进入德国，在那他们将与从东面进入的苏联军队会合。 七十年后，参加过诺曼底登陆战斗的人们聚集在英吉利海峡两侧，人们聚集在这里举行纪念仪式。在这个庄严而感人的场合，一位前士兵向人群朗读了劳伦斯·宾扬的《致倒下的战士》中的诗句： 他们永远不会变老，不像我们活着的人日渐老去： 年华不能使他们厌倦，岁月也不会让他们愧疚。 每当日落西山，每当朝阳升起， 我们都将缅怀他们。 诺曼底登陆的幸存者们坚持聚会，缅怀战友和他们那天失去的朋友们。尽管他们的数量每年都在减少，但他们的英勇行为，意味着我们将永远记住他们以及那些在法国北部海滩丧生的人们。 LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”．However, for most of them, the “war” has been purely symbolic. Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges. In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. To save their educational and intellectual heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda. Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2, 000 kilometres, most of them on foot. Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south­west part of China. They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines. There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment. Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm. However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize­winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled. He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，”he said. With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student­soldiers from any campus in China. Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well­known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong. Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem: Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all， A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze； There is no trace of the footprints of history； Where brave souls once stood，breathing new life into the trees. A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication. In 2017, representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed. It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era. 联大：一个充满热情、 信念和使命的地方 历史上，世界上伟大的思想家们常常相当浪漫地将他们的学术之争比作“战争”。但是，对于他们中的大多数人而言，“战争”纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争永远不会浪漫，因为它带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。 1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所重点大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日军占领，而南开大学被彻底轰毁。为了保存教育和知识遗产，三所大学在昆明合并为国立西南联合大学，也被称为联大。 三所大学的教授们和学生们都经历了漫长而艰难的旅程，跨越了2 000多千米，大多数人徒步。他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，屋顶是空旷的天空，经常被爆炸的日本炸弹照亮。他们到达偏远而多山的中国西南部后，情况稍微有些好转。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，像沙丁鱼一样，40个人挤在一个房间。食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，上课常常被中断，经常在上午10点之前和下午4点之后才能上课。 然而，尽管经历了巨大的艰辛和艰巨的挑战，但就在这个地方，经过长达八年的时间，国家的知识遗产因联大值得尊敬的学者的热情和信念不仅得到了捍卫，还得以巩固。难怪许多(即便不是大多数)中国最杰出的学者和科学家都出自联大，其中包括两位获得诺贝尔奖的物理学家，杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我取得的一切成就打下了基础，”杨回忆道。他还记得在窗户不带玻璃的临时教室里学习的经历。“在刮风天，我们不得不按住桌上的纸，否则纸会被风刮走，”他说。 国家处于战争状态，联大的学生们没有逃避责任。在使命感的驱使下，许多人参军抗击日本侵略者，捍卫国家荣誉。事实上，联大在中国学校里学生入伍数量最多，成千上万的在中国各地担任口译员的大学生中，十分之一来自联大，包括著名翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献： 静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上， 还下着密雨，还吹着细风， 没有人知道历史曾在此走过， 留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。 作为战争的产物，联大现在已不复存在。但它已成为中国现代大学的至高荣耀，不仅因为其杰出的教授们和才华横溢的学生们，还因为其强大的毅力和奉献精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们聚集在一起，纪念其成立80周年。 八十多年来，联大无价的贡献仍然需要重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，它的精神已成为中国现代所有大学的楷模。 一、单词拼写 1．The old man (回忆) the rare happiness he had during the war. 2．Listening to the (狂暴的) storm outside, the little girl felt terrified. 3．The (纪念的) garden is dedicated to those who died in the accident. 4．Our main (目标) was the recovery of the child safe and well. 5．There is no doubt that he deserves the title “ (杰出的) player of his generation”． 6．Ten years later, a paper (有关的) to this research was published. 7．Airforce jets (轰炸) the only airport in this country last night. 8．When we look a bit deeper, problems begin to (出现) immediately. 9．They used to live in a (简陋的)cottage in the country. 10．We are planning a dinner to celebrate the 50th (周年纪念日) of the founding of the company. 二、单句语法填空 1．We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only leads to (violent). 2．She felt (horror) when hearing strange noises in the darkness. 3．The Chinese have been living a happy life since (liberate). 4．Unfortunately, every summer there are several teenagers who get (drown) carelessly. 5．Lack of food, she looked (bare) ten years old though she was actually fifteen． 6．In case of (emerge), press the button and break the glass. 7．A good many (representative) who are present at the meeting are from very remote mountainous areas. 8．The city was destroyed by foreign (invade), leaving thousands of people homeless. 9．The child is developing in every way, morally, (intellectual) and physically. 10．You have to do well (academic) to get into medical school. 三、完成句子 1．除了伤心失望地回家我别无选择。(形容词短语作状语) I had no choice but to go back home, ____________________． 2．我们必须努力帮助学生对自己的能力建立起自信心。 We must try to help students to their ability. 3．她静静地坐着，眼含泪水。 She sat quietly, . (独立主格结构) 4．随着期末考试的临近，我们最好做充分的准备。 As the final examination is approaching, we'd better it.(preparation) 5．我们的乒乓球队由十个人组成，现在还需要一个人。 Our Table Tennis team ten members, another needed now. 6．难怪你考试不及格。你原本应该做好充分的准备的。(wonder) _____________________________________. You should have made full preparations for it. 7．科学家们希望不久以后在研究新冠肺炎治愈方法方面会有突破。(break) The scientists hope soon in the research for a cure for COVID­19. 8．我们大学有100多名留学生，其中一些来自非洲。(独立主格) There are more than 100 foreign students in our college, ． 9．如果按照说明书服用，这种药没有副作用。(过去分词短语作状语) ________________________________, the drug has no side effect. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$