寒假作业04 限制性定语从句+高考必考题型-【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练(译林版2020)

必修一、二 语法(限制性定语从句) 作业04 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 定 语 从 句 定义 在主从复合句中, 对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰、限制作用的从句 关 系 词 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that 关系副词 when; where; why 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 考点一、关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose 关系代词 指代 (即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人/物 定语 【温馨提示】关系代词只用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 2. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 3. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。 4. 当先行词既指人又指物时。 5. 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为避免重复而用that。 6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 典例分析 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·福建厦门·阶段练习)The reason ________ he gave for his absence from the class was hardly acceptable. 2. His success lies in the use ________ he can make of every chance to improve himself. 3. The man ________ you met in the park is my teacher. 4. The people ________ live in this neighborhood are from different places. 5.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)I met a man ________ son had just won the first prize in a national piano competition. 考点二、关系副词when, where, why关系副词在引导定语从句时, 其功能相当于介词短语, 在从句中作状语。 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 先行词应是表示时间的名词, 如time, day, hour, year等 时间状语 where 先行词应是表示地点的名词, 如place, factory, house, village等或表示抽象地点的名词point, situation, condition, stage, case等。 地点状语 why 先行词常常为reason 原因状语 【温馨提示】 1.when/which/that引导定语从句表时间。 when是关系副词, 在从句中只能作时间状语, 而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that。 2.where/which/that引导定语从句表地点。 若表示地点的先行词在从句中作地点状语, 用where来引导定语从句; 若作主语或宾语, 应用which或that来引导定语从句。 3.why/which/that引导定语从句表原因。若先行词reason在从句中作原因状语, 用why来引导定语从句; 若其在从句中作主语或宾语, 应用that或which来引导定语从句。 典例分析 1. I still remember the day ________ I entered senior high school. 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)The school ________ my son studies is near a park. 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)I finally understood the reason ________ my mom had encouraged me not to give up. 4. Creating an atmosphere ________ students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 5. Mike sold the old house ________ came down from his father. I. 单句语法填空 1. I like the way ________(that/which) he treats his friends. 2. He was born in the year ________ the war broke out. 3. This is just the place ________ I am looking forward to visiting these years. 4. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. 5. Mike sold the old house ________ came down from his father. 6. The pen ________ I write letters with is a gift from my friend. 7. I still remember the time ________ we had a lot of fun during our summer vacation. 8. The man ________ car was stolen last night is very upset. 9. The place ________ we will visit next week is famous for its beautiful scenery. 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·阶段练习)In a society ________ being seen is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 11. I want to find out the reason ________ it happened like this. 12. Do you remember the reason ________ he was late for the meeting? 13. This is the city ________ I was born. 14. Though it is 20 years since we last met, I still remember the scene ________ we got separated on a snowy day. 15.(2024-2025学年高一上·吉林长春·阶段练习)There are many reasons ________ people learn a foreign language. 16.(2024-2025学年高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)Recently, we have encountered several cases ________ the software failed to perform as expected under certain conditions. 17. These are the reasons ________ we do it. 18. Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas ________ they could grow rice. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)The boy ________________________ studies very hard. 那个男孩学习非常刻苦，他的爸爸是一个老师。 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)Do you still remember the cinema ________________________ last week? 你还记得我们上周参观的那个电影院吗? 3.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)他对父母对待和教育他的方式很满意。(一句多译) ①He was satisfied with the way ________________________. ②He was satisfied with his parents’ way ________________________. 4.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。 There are many serious health problems ________________________. 5.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)Compendium of Materia Medica is a collection of Chinese herbs ________________________ over 2,000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. 《本草纲目》是一本中国中草药总集，其中包含了2000多种中草药，数百万字。 6.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)________________________ was that I was caught in the traffic Jam. 我迟到的原因是遇到了交通阻塞。 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)________________________ I was tired of doing homework. 曾经有一段时间我厌倦写作。 8.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)汤姆把警察带到了事故发生的地点。 Tom took the police to the spot ________________________. 9.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东江门·阶段练习)There are many reasons ________________________.(人们加入俱乐部……的原因，用定语从句) 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)I don’t know the reason ________________________. 我不知道他没能参加聚会的原因。 话题佳句--单句写作 1. 天气不好，孩子们心心念念的露天音乐会只能推迟两周举行。 2. 我昨天买的书很有趣。 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·浙江嘉兴·阶段练习)无论他们的兴趣是什么，人们总能找到适合他们的运动。 4. 多么令人惊奇的表演啊！这是我去过的最棒的音乐节。 5.(2024-2025学年高一上·广西玉林·阶段练习)那些在奥运会上为国家赢得荣誉的运动员为我们树立了榜样。 6. 山脚下有一个村庄，在那里人们仍旧过着平静的生活。(全倒装句型) 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·天津静海·阶段练习)这次有意义的经历将会给我们提供一个见证独特自然的平台。(platform定语从句) 8.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中)人们不能睡个好觉的原因之一是来自学校和工作的压力。 9. 我们期待着这么一天，每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会。 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏南京·期中)在一个以瘦为美的社会里，女性常常借助极端的方法来减肥。 4 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修一、二 语法(限制性定语从句) 作业04 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 定 语 从 句 定义 在主从复合句中, 对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰、限制作用的从句 关 系 词 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that 关系副词 when; where; why 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 考点一、关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose 关系代词 指代 (即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人/物 定语 【温馨提示】关系代词只用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 2. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 3. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。 4. 当先行词既指人又指物时。 5. 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为避免重复而用that。 6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 典例分析 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·福建厦门·阶段练习)The reason ________ he gave for his absence from the class was hardly acceptable. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给出的缺课理由令人难以接受。句中先行词为reason，在定语从句中作gave的宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 2. His success lies in the use ________ he can make of every chance to improve himself. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的成功在于他能利用每一个机会来提高自己。空处引导定语从句，先行词是use，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 3. The man ________ you met in the park is my teacher. 【答案】whom/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在公园里遇到的那个人是我的老师。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The man，先行词指人，在从句中作met的宾语，应用关系代词whom或that作引导词。故填whom/that。 4. The people ________ live in this neighborhood are from different places. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：住在这附近的人来自不同的地方。定语从句修饰先行词the people，指人，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 5.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)I met a man ________ son had just won the first prize in a national piano competition. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我遇到一个人，他的儿子刚刚在全国钢琴比赛中获得一等奖。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a man，关系词在从句中作定语，和son是所属关系，应用whose，故填whose。 考点二、关系副词when, where, why关系副词在引导定语从句时, 其功能相当于介词短语, 在从句中作状语。 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 先行词应是表示时间的名词, 如time, day, hour, year等 时间状语 where 先行词应是表示地点的名词, 如place, factory, house, village等或表示抽象地点的名词point, situation, condition, stage, case等。 地点状语 why 先行词常常为reason 原因状语 【温馨提示】 1.when/which/that引导定语从句表时间。 when是关系副词, 在从句中只能作时间状语, 而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that。 2.where/which/that引导定语从句表地点。 若表示地点的先行词在从句中作地点状语, 用where来引导定语从句; 若作主语或宾语, 应用which或that来引导定语从句。 3.why/which/that引导定语从句表原因。若先行词reason在从句中作原因状语, 用why来引导定语从句; 若其在从句中作主语或宾语, 应用that或which来引导定语从句。 典例分析 1. I still remember the day ________ I entered senior high school. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我进入高中的那一天。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词day是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)The school ________ my son studies is near a park. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我儿子上学的学校靠近一个公园。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The school，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)I finally understood the reason ________ my mom had encouraged me not to give up. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我终于明白了妈妈一直鼓励我不要放弃的原因。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故填why。 4. Creating an atmosphere ________ students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 【答案】where / in which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：对我们老师来说，创造一个学生可以自由表达自己的氛围是一个很大的挑战。此处atmosphere是先行词，关系词替代先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，也用in which=where。故答案为where/in which。 5. Mike sold the old house ________ came down from his father. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：迈克卖掉了从他父亲那里继承下来的老房子。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the old house，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。 I. 单句语法填空 1. I like the way ________(that/which) he treats his friends. 【答案】that/in which/不填 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢他对待朋友的方式。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词是way，用that/in which/不填来引导定语从句，故填that/in which/不填。 2. He was born in the year ________ the war broke out. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他出生在战争爆发的那一年。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，代替先行词year在从句中时间状语，所以使用关系副词when。故填when。 3. This is just the place ________ I am looking forward to visiting these years. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这正是我这些年来一直盼望着去参观的地方。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少visiting的宾语，且先行词place指地点，所以使用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 4. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. 【答案】when; which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我在农村和农民一起生活的那些年，这对我的生活有很大的影响。第一个空格处引导定语从句，对先行词those years进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句；第二个空格处引导定语从句，对上文的内容进行补充说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词which代替上文的内容在从句中作主语。故填when；which。 5. Mike sold the old house ________ came down from his father. 【答案】which/ that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：迈克卖掉了他父亲留给他的旧房子。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词house进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填which/that。 6. The pen ________ I write letters with is a gift from my friend. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我写信用的那支笔是我朋友送我的礼物。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pen，先行词指物，在从句中作with的宾语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词，which或that均可省略。故填which/that。 7. I still remember the time ________ we had a lot of fun during our summer vacation. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我们在暑假期间玩得很开心的时候。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词time进行限定说明，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 8. The man ________ car was stolen last night is very upset. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨晚汽车被偷的那个人非常沮丧。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词The man。先行词指人，在定语从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 9. The place ________ we will visit next week is famous for its beautiful scenery. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们下周要参观的地方因其美丽的风景而著名。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The place，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·阶段练习)In a society ________ being seen is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个往往将被人看见视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来迅速减肥。此处为定语从句，先行词为society，在从句中充当地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 11. I want to find out the reason ________ it happened like this. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想找出事情发生的原因。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。故填why。 12. Do you remember the reason ________ he was late for the meeting? 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得他开会迟到的原因吗？定语从句修饰先行词the reason，在从句作原因状语，故填why。 13. This is the city ________ I was born. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我出生的城市。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词是city，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 14. Though it is 20 years since we last met, I still remember the scene ________ we got separated on a snowy day. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：虽然距最后一次见面已经过去了20年，但我仍然记得我们在下雪的那天分别的场景。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the scene，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 15.(2024-2025学年高一上·吉林长春·阶段练习)There are many reasons ________ people learn a foreign language. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们学习外语的原因有很多。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reasons，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 16.(2024-2025学年高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)Recently, we have encountered several cases ________ the software failed to perform as expected under certain conditions. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近，我们遇到了几个案例，其中软件在某些条件下无法按预期执行。句中先行词为cases，在定语从句中作状语，表示抽象概念的地点，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 17. These are the reasons ________ we do it. 【答案】why/for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们这么做的原因。定语从句修饰先行词reasons，在从句作原因状语， 故用why或for which。故填why/for which。 18. Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas ________ they could grow rice. 【答案】in which/where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，修建梯田意味着他们可以增加种植水稻的区域。in the areas“在这些地区”。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the areas，关系词代替先行词在从句中作in的宾语，应用“介词in+关系代词which”引导或用关系副词where引导。故填in which后where。 Ⅱ. 完成句子 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)The boy ________________________ studies very hard. 那个男孩学习非常刻苦，他的爸爸是一个老师。 【答案】whose father is a teacher 【详解】考查定语从句。“他的爸爸是一个老师”可处理为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，先行词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导从句，从句主语“爸爸”用名词father，谓语“是”是连系动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时态is，“一个老师”作表语，用a teacher表示。故填：whose father is a teacher。 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)Do you still remember the cinema ________________________ last week? 你还记得我们上周参观的那个电影院吗? 【答案】which we visited//that we visited/we visited 【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态。分析可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the cinema，“我们参观”表达为we visit，先行词作宾语，且指物，可用关系代词which、that或省略；根据last week可知，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。故填(which/that) we visited。 3.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)他对父母对待和教育他的方式很满意。(一句多译) ①He was satisfied with the way ________________________. ②He was satisfied with his parents’ way ________________________. 【答案】(that/in which) his parents treated and educated him; to treat and educate him 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。第一空可用定语从句修饰先行词way，way作先行词可用that/in which或省略，从句主语“(他的)父母”为his parents；表示“对待”应用动词treat；表示“教育”为动词educate，根据上文was可知为一般过去时；第二空可用不定式作后置定语，修饰way；故“对待和教育他的方式”翻译为way to treat and educate him。故填①(that/in which) his parents treated and educated him；②to treat and educate him。 4.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。 There are many serious health problems ________________________. 【答案】which are associated with smoking/ in association with smoking 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“与吸烟有关的”处理为定语从句，代替先行词many serious health probles在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，表示“与……相关”应用be associated with/in association with，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语which指代复数名词，be动词用are；表示“吸烟”应用smoke，位于介词后面，使用动名词形式。故填which are associated with smoking/ in association with smoking。 5.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)Compendium of Materia Medica is a collection of Chinese herbs ________________________ over 2,000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. 《本草纲目》是一本中国中草药总集，其中包含了2000多种中草药，数百万字。 【答案】which includes 【详解】考查定语从句和动词。定语从句修饰先行词Compendium of Materia Medica，从句缺少主语，指物，应用which；表示“包含”应用动词include，陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语与先行词Compendium of Materia Medica保持一致，用三单形式。故填which includes。 6.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)________________________ was that I was caught in the traffic Jam. 我迟到的原因是遇到了交通阻塞。 【答案】The reason why I was late 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。表示“原因”用reason，此处为特指，reason前加the，句首单词首字母大写。表示“我迟到的”用定语从句，定语从句中：用I作主语；表示“迟到”用be late，根据空后地was可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，从句谓语用过去式，主语为I，be动词用was；先行词是reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填The reason why I was late。 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习)________________________ I was tired of doing homework. 曾经有一段时间我厌倦写作。 【答案】There was a time when 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为固定句型There was a time when…“曾经有一段时间……”，此处when为关系副词，引导后面的定语从句。故填There was a time when。 8.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)汤姆把警察带到了事故发生的地点。 Tom took the police to the spot ________________________. 【答案】where the accident happened 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。根据took可知，此句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。分析句子结构和句意可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是spot，是表示地点的名词；表示“事故发生”应用the accident happened，为定语从句，先行词spot在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where the accident happened。 9.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东江门·阶段练习)There are many reasons ________________________.(人们加入俱乐部……的原因，用定语从句) 【答案】why people join the club(s) 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们加入俱乐部的原因有很多。结合提示“人们加入俱乐部……的原因，用定语从句”可知此处用定语从句修饰先行词reasons，在从句作原因状语，故用why；从句主语为people；表示“加入俱乐部”为join the club(s)。根据上文are可知句子时态为一般现在时。故填why people join the club(s)。 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)I don’t know the reason ________________________. 我不知道他没能参加聚会的原因。 【答案】why/for which he failed to attend the party 【详解】考查定语从句、时态和固定短语。“他没能参加聚会的”应使用定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，从句主语“他”he，“没能做某事”fail to do sth.，从句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，“参加聚会”attend the party，先行词表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应使用关系副词why引导从句，也可使用“介词+which”引导从句，由reason可知，介词应用for。故填why/for which he failed to attend the party。 话题佳句--单句写作 1. 天气不好，孩子们心心念念的露天音乐会只能推迟两周举行。 【答案】Due to the bad weather, the outdoor concert that/which the children have been looking forward to has been postponed for two weeks. 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句、动词语态。表示“由于”用due to，句首单词首字母大写。表示“恶劣的天气”用the bad weather，作Due to的宾语。表示“露天音乐会”用the outdoor concert，作主语。表示“推迟”用postpone，与主语为被动关系，且事情已经发生，且对现在有影响，句子用现在完成时的被动语态。表示“两周”用two weeks，用for two weeks作时间状语。表示“孩子们心心念念的”用定语从句，从句中：表示“孩子们”用the children，作主语；表示“期待”用look forward to，这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子应用现在完成进行时，又因主语是复数，所以助动词用have；本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the outdoor concert，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导。故翻译为Due to the bad weather, the outdoor concert that/which the children have been looking forward to has been postponed for two weeks. 2. 我昨天买的书很有趣。 【答案】The book (which /that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“我昨天买的书”翻译为the book (that/which) I bought yesterday，先行词为the book，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词为that或者which，或者省略that/which。“很”用very；“有趣”用be interesting表示，“书有趣”是事实情况，用一般现在时，主语是单数形式，be动词用is。故整句翻译为The book (which /that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·浙江嘉兴·阶段练习)无论他们的兴趣是什么，人们总能找到适合他们的运动。 【答案】No matter what their interests are, people can always find a sport that is suitable for them. 【详解】考查让步状语从句、定语从句、名词和形容词短语。句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时；“无论他们的兴趣是什么”可用表示“无论什么”的No matter what引导让步状语从句，从句中主语“他们的兴趣”可用名词短语their interests，为复数，系动词“是”用are，what充当表语；主句中主语“人们”可用名词people，状语“总”可用副词always，“能”应用情态动词can，“找到适合他们的运动”可理解为“找到一项适合他们的运动”，其中“找到一项运动”可用动词短语find a sport；“适合他们的”是修饰sport的成分，可用关系代词that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词sport，先行词为单数，在从句中作主语，“适合某人”可用形容词短语be suitable for sb.，be动词应用is，“他们”应用代词them。故译为：No matter what their interests are, people can always find a sport that is suitable for them. 4. 多么令人惊奇的表演啊！这是我去过的最棒的音乐节。 【答案】What an amazing performance! It’s the best music festival that I have ever been to. 【详解】考查形容词、感叹句和定语从句。“令人惊奇的表演”翻译为an amazing performance；“多么令人惊奇的表演啊！”翻译为what引导的感叹句What an amazing performance (it is)!；“这是最棒的音乐节”翻译为It’s the best music festival；“我去过的”翻译为that引导的定语从句that I have ever been to，修饰上文的festival。故整句翻译为What an amazing performance! It’s the best music festival that I have ever been to. 5.(2024-2025学年高一上·广西玉林·阶段练习)那些在奥运会上为国家赢得荣誉的运动员为我们树立了榜样。 【答案】Those athletes who won honor for our country in the Olympics set an example for us. 【详解】考查定语从句、动词短语和名词。整个句子可处理为主从复合句，“在奥运会上为国家赢得荣誉的”可用指人的关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句表示；主句的主语“那些运动员”可用名词短语those athletes，“为某人树立榜样”可用动词短语set an example for sb.，“我们”用代词us，此处可看作介绍通常的情况，时态用一般现在时；从句中“为……赢得荣誉”可用动词短语win honor for，“(我们的)国家”可用名词短语our country，“在奥运会上”可用介词短语in the Olympics，此处应该是描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时。故翻译为Those athletes who won honor for our country in the Olympics set an example for us. 6. 山脚下有一个村庄，在那里人们仍旧过着平静的生活。(全倒装句型) 【答案】At the foot of the mountain lies a village, where people still live a peaceful life. 【详解】考查完全倒装、从句和时态。句子描述客观事实用一般现在时。“山脚下有一个村庄”翻译为A village lies at the foot of the mountain；“在那里人们仍旧过着平静的生活”用where引导的定语从句表示，对先行词village进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句，翻译为where people still live a peaceful life。主句中表示地点的介词短语at the foot of the mountain可以置于句首，然后句子用完全倒装At the foot of the mountain lies a village。故整句翻译为At the foot of the mountain lies a village, where people still live a peaceful life. 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·天津静海·阶段练习)这次有意义的经历将会给我们提供一个见证独特自然的平台。(platform定语从句) 【答案】This meaningful experience will provide us with a platform where we can witness unique nature. 【详解】考查时态，固定短语和定语从句。“这次有意义的经历”是this meaningful experience，“将会”用助动词will构成一般将来时，其后动词用原形，“给某人提供某物”是provide sb. with sth.，“一个平台”是a platform，作先行词，作从句的地点状语，用where引导定语从句，“见证”是witness，前面加we can，“独特自然”是unique nature。故答案为This meaningful experience will provide us with a platform where we can witness unique nature. 8.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中)人们不能睡个好觉的原因之一是来自学校和工作的压力。 【答案】One of the reasons why people fail to have a good sleep is the pressure from school and work. 【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。根据所给中文句子和题干要求，本句需用why引导的定语从句修饰reason，“原因之一”为主句主语，为固定搭配：one of the reasons，“人们不能睡个好觉”为why引导的定语从句，“人们”作主语译为“people”，“不能”作谓语，用短语：fail to，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，“睡个好觉”用动词短语have a good sleep，“是”作主句谓语，用be动词is，“来自学校和工作的压力”作表语，译为“the pressure from school and work”。故译为：One of the reasons why people fail to have a good sleep is the pressure from school and work. 9. 我们期待着这么一天，每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会。 【答案】We are looking forward to a day when everyone can have equal access to education. / everyone can have an equal chance to receive education. /can have equal chances to be educated. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。根据所给中文句子以及题干要求可知，本句可用when引导的定语从句，“我们期待着这么一天”为主句，“我们”作主语，译为“we”，“期待着”用短语：look forward to，描述现在一直持续的动作，用现在进行时，“这么一天”译为“a day”作宾语；“每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会”用when引导的定语从句，修饰day，“每个人”作主语，译为“everyone”，“都可以”用情态动词can，“有受教育的平等机会”既可以用动词短语：have equal access to sth.也可用动词短语have equal chances to do sth，其中用have equal chances to do sth时，“受教育”，既可以用主动形式，译为“have an equal chance to receive education”，也可用被动形式，译为“have equal chances to be educated”。故译为：We are looking forward to a day when everyone can have equal access to education. / everyone can have an equal chance to receive education. /can have equal chances to be educated. 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏南京·期中)在一个以瘦为美的社会里，女性常常借助极端的方法来减肥。 【答案】In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, women often turn to extreme methods to slim down. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句和动词。描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。“在一个社会里”In a society介词短语在句中作状语，in位于句首首字母大写，后接修饰society的定语从句，先行词society在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，“以瘦为美”being thin is often seen as being beautiful，主语“女性”women，“常常”often副词在句中作状语，谓语“求助于”turn to，复数名词作主语，turn用原形，宾语“极端的方法”extreme methods，后接不定式作目的状语，“减肥”slim down。故翻译为In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, women often turn to extreme methods to slim down. 5 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$